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Jashore-Jhenaidah Road Corridor Prepared Public Disclosure Authorized Western Economic Corridor and Regional Enhancement Program (WeCARE) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Disclosure Authorized Jashore-Jhenaidah Road Corridor Prepared For Roads & Highways Department (RHD) Prepared By Public Disclosure Authorized Development Research Initiative (dRi) House -8/7, Road no-01, Block-D, Section- 15, Kafrul Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh Phone and fax: +88-02-9030828 Mob: 01713504255 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] and Public Disclosure Authorized Development Solutions Consultant Limited House-734 (5-B), Road-10, Avenue-04, DOHS Mirpur, Dhaka -1216, Bangladesh, Tel: +8801822758548 Email: [email protected]; Website: www.dsclbd.com Western Economic Corridor and Regional Enhancement Program (WeCARE) Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... ix 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ............................................... 1 Scope of the ESIA .................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 Baseline Data Collection and Analysis ............................................................................ 8 1.4.3 Impact Assessment Methods .......................................................................................... 9 1.4.4 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) ...................................................................... 10 Methods for Mitigation and Management ........................................................................... 10 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................. 10 1.6.1 WeCARE Program .......................................................................................................... 10 1.6.2 Description of the Jhenaidah-Jashore(J-J) Road Corridor ............................................. 11 1.6.3 Need for the Project ...................................................................................................... 14 1.6.4 Design Features ............................................................................................................. 14 1.6.5 Design of the Project ..................................................................................................... 15 2 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................. 32 Regulatory Requirements for the Project ............................................................................. 32 World Bank Environment and Social Framework and Standards (ESS) ................................ 39 Clearances/Permissions required for the Project Road ........................................................ 47 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .................................................................................... 48 General .................................................................................................................................. 48 Physical Environment ............................................................................................................ 48 3.2.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.2 Topography ................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.3 Physiographic Features ................................................................................................. 52 3.2.4 Geology and Soil ............................................................................................................ 52 3.2.5 Water Resources and Hydrology .................................................................................. 53 3.2.6 Seismicity ...................................................................................................................... 57 3.2.7 Natural Hazards ............................................................................................................. 59 3.2.8 Ambient Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 62 3.2.9 Noise and Vibration ...................................................................................................... 62 Biological Environment ......................................................................................................... 65 ESIA for Jashore-Jhenaidah Road Corridor i | P a g e Western Economic Corridor and Regional Enhancement Program (WeCARE) 3.3.1 Bio-ecological Zones...................................................................................................... 65 3.3.2 Biodiversity.................................................................................................................... 66 3.3.3 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ................................................................................... 72 Socio-Economic Condition .................................................................................................... 74 3.4.1 Background Characteristics ........................................................................................... 74 3.4.2 Household Characteristics ............................................................................................ 75 3.4.3 Education Status of HH ................................................................................................. 76 3.4.4 Participation in NGO and Government Safety Net Programs ....................................... 77 3.4.5 Land and Dwelling ......................................................................................................... 78 3.4.6 Sublease Land/Lease/Mortgage/Rent .......................................................................... 80 3.4.7 House Ownership Status ............................................................................................... 81 3.4.8 Materials Used to support Roof Wall and Floor ........................................................... 81 3.4.9 Household Assets .......................................................................................................... 82 3.4.10 Business Activities, Savings and Loan ........................................................................... 82 3.4.11 Community .................................................................................................................... 83 3.4.12 Poverty Status ............................................................................................................... 85 3.4.13 Gender-based Perception and Violence ....................................................................... 86 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................................. 88 Purpose of Public Participation ............................................................................................. 88 Past Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Stage ............................................... 89 Consultation Meetings at Preliminary Design Stage ............................................................. 89 Consultation at ESIA Preparation Stage ................................................................................ 90 4.4.1 Summary of Consultation Meeting with Jashore & Jhenaidah Officials (I) ................... 90 4.4.2 Summary of FGD Meeting with Jashore & Jhenaidah Community Members (II) ......... 91 4.4.3 Summary of Consultations with Haibatpur Union Parshad Chairman (III) ................... 93 4.4.4 Summary of Consultations with Community Leader (IV) ............................................. 94 4.4.5 Summary of Consultations with Women (V) ................................................................ 95 Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................... 96 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................................................... 98 Widening or By-pass or Overpass in Commercial and Market Areas ................................... 98 Diversions and By Passes ...................................................................................................... 98 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................... 99 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 99 Risk Screening ....................................................................................................................... 99 ANTICIPATED ADVERSE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................... 106 6.3.1 Related to Assessment and Management of E&S risk
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