A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition
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A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 45 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen Edited by Beverly Mayne Kienzle, Debra L. Stoudt & George Ferzoco LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Cover illustration: Hildegard above and a scribe below, from Liber Scivias (Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Sal. X, 16, fol. 3v, end of 12th century). Courtesy of the Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-26070-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-26071-9 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Notes on Contributors .................................................................................. vii Abbreviations .................................................................................................. xi Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... xv Timeline for Hildegard of Bingen’s Life and Works ............................ xvii The Region of Hildegard of Bingen .......................................................... xix Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Beverly Mayne Kienzle and Debra L. Stoudt What Do We Know About the Life of Jutta and Hildegard at Disibodenberg and Rupertsberg? ......................................................... 15 Franz J. Felten St Disibod and the History of the Disibodenberg up to the Beginning of the 12th Century .............................................................. 39 Franz J. Felten Hildegard of Bingen and the Hirsau Reform in Germany 1080–1180 ...................................................................................................... 57 Constant J. Mews Unequal Twins: Visionary Attitude and Monastic Culture in Elisabeth of Schönau and Hildegard of Bingen .......................... 85 Felix Heinzer Hildegard, the Schools, and their Critics ................................................ 109 Justin A. Stover Intertextuality in Hildegard’s Works: Ezekiel and the Claim to Prophetic Authority ............................................................................ 137 Beverly Mayne Kienzle and Travis A. Stevens Hearing the Heavenly Symphony: An Overview of Hildegard’s Musical Oeuvre with Case Studies ...................................................... 163 Tova Leigh-Choate, William T. Flynn, and Margot E. Fassler vi contents Hildegard as Musical Hagiographer: Engelberg, Stiftsbibliothek Ms. 103 and Her Songs for Saints Disibod and Ursula ................................................................................................... 193 Tova Leigh-Choate, William T. Flynn, and Margot E. Fassler The Theology of Repentance: Observations on the Liber vite meritorum ............................................................................................ 221 Susanne Ruge The Medical, the Magical, and the Miraculous in the Healing Arts of Hildegard of Bingen ................................................................... 249 Debra L. Stoudt Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179): A History of Reception ................. 273 Michael Embach The Canonization and Doctorization of Hildegard of Bingen ...................................................................................................... 305 George Ferzoco Notes on Hildegard’s “Unknown” Language and Writing ................. 317 George Ferzoco Bibliography .................................................................................................... 323 Index .................................................................................................................. 349 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Michael Embach studied German and Catholic theology in Trier and Freiburg. In 1986 he earned his doctorate at the University of Trier with a dissertation entitled “Das Lutherbild Johann Gottfried Herders ( Johann Gottfried Herder’s Image of Luther).” Four years later he completed his Habilitation in Trier on Die Schriften Hildegards von Bingen. Studien zu ihrer Überlieferung im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit (The Works of Hildegard of Bingen. Studies of their Transmission in the Middle Ages and in the Early Modern Period). In 2006 he became Außerplanmäßiger Professor in Trier. Since 2007 he has served as the director of the Trier Stadtbiblio- thek and Stadtarchiv. Margot E. Fassler, Keough-Hesburgh Professor of Music History and Liturgy and Co-Director of the Master of Sacred Music Program at the University of Notre Dame, is completing a book on Hildegard of Bingen, and a textbook on medieval music for W. W. Norton. Her most recent books are The Virgin of Chartres: Making History through Liturgy and the Arts (2010) and Gothic Song: Victorine Sequences and Augustinian Reform in Twelfth-Century Paris, 2nd ed. (2011). Franz J. Felten served as Professor of Medieval History at the universi- ties of Dresden, Halle, and Mainz until 2011. He is particularly interested in the institutional, normative, social, and political aspects of medieval religious life, especially of women religious from the 7th to the 15th centu- ries, as well as in the history of the Avignonese Papacy. Some of his most significant articles were republished recently in: Franz J. Felten, Vita reli- giosa sanctimonialium. Norm und Praxis des weiblichen religiösen Lebens vom 6. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert, aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages von Franz J. Felten, ed. Christine Kleinjung, Studien und Texte zur Geistes- und Sozial- geschichte des Mittelalters, 4 (Korb: Didymos Verlag, 2011). George Ferzoco, Research Fellow and Teaching Fellow in the Univer- sity of Bristol’s Department of Religion and Theology, works primarily on verbal and visual propaganda in the later Middle Ages. His publications include: Il murale di Massa Marittima / The Massa Marittima Mural (2005); Medieval Monastic Education, co-edited with Carolyn Muessig (2000); and viii notes on contributors A Companion to Catherine of Siena, co-edited with Beverly Mayne Kienzle and Carolyn Muessig (2012). William T. Flynn, Institute for Medieval Studies, University of Leeds is the author of Medieval Music as Medieval Exegesis (1999). Recent publica- tions dealing with Hildegard’s works include “Ductus figuratus et subtilis: Rhetorical Interventions for Women in Two Twelfth-Century Liturgies,” in Rhetoric Beyond Words: Delight and Persuasion in the Arts of the Middle Ages, ed. Mary Carruthers (2010); “Singing with the Angels: Hildegard of Bingen’s Representations of Celestial Music,” in Conversations with Angels: Essays toward a History of Spiritual Communication, 1100–1700, ed. Joad Raymond (2011); and a translation of Gunilla Iversen’s Chanter avec les anges, published as Laus Angelica: Poetry in the Medieval Mass (2010). Felix Heinzer is former curator of manuscripts at the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart. Since 2005 he has held the position of Professor of Medieval Latin at Freiburg University. Among his research interests are monastic libraries and manuscripts, especially liturgical books, as well as medieval liturgical poetry. Beverly Mayne Kienzle, John H. Morison Professor of the Practice in Latin and Romance Languages, Harvard Divinity School, has published several books on medieval sermons and preaching, including: The Gospel Homi- lies of Hildegard of Bingen, translation and introduction (2011); Hildegard of Bingen and her Gospel Homilies (2009); Hildegard of Bingen, Expositiones euangeliorum, co-edited with Carolyn Muessig (2007); and The Sermon. Typologie des sources du moyen âge occidental, fasc. 81–83 (2000). Tova Leigh-Choate received her Ph.D. from Yale University in 2009 and is revising for publication her dissertation, “The Liturgical Faces of Saint Denis: Music, Power, and Identity in Medieval France.” She is currently an independent scholar. Her work focuses on the intersections between music, collective memory, and identity, with a particular interest in the liturgical dimensions of the cult of the saints and the musical experiences and contributions of Hildegard of Bingen and other women monastics. Constant J. Mews is Professor within the School of Philosophical, His- torical, and International Studies, Monash University, where he is also Director of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology. He has pub- lished widely on medieval thought,