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HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 ISSN 0326-1778 (Impresa) ISSN 1853-6581 (En Línea) HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 Número dedicado a la Historia de las Ciencias Naturales SERRES versus SERRES: A CONFLICT OF IDENTITIES AND THE AUTHORSHIP OF SOME PAPERS ON SOUTH AMERICAN FOSSIL MAMMALS Serres versus Serres: Un conflicto de identidades y la autoría de algunos trabajos sobre mamíferos fósiles sudamericanos Alvaro Mones Investigador Asociado del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay. Current address: Franzensbadstraße 7b, 86199 Augsburg, Germany. [email protected] “I may be wrong, but I cannot see it and my conscience will not be troubled”: Sir Charles James Napier, 31 December 1842 (Napier, Sir W. 1857. The life and opinions of General Sir Charles James Napier, G.C.B., 2:275). 65 MONES A. Abstract. In this paper I try to elucidate the real identity of the author of some papers on South American fossil mammals: mesotherids (Notoungulata) and glyptodonts (Cingulata). After reviewing the available information, I conclude that the author is Étienne-Renaud-Augustin Serres, and not Marcel de Serres as generally attributed. Key words. Fossil mammals, South America, Bibliography, Étienne Serres, Marcel de Serres Resumen. En esta contribución trato de dilucidar la verdadera identidad del autor de algunos trabajos sobre mamíferos fósiles sudamericanos: mesotéridos (Notoungulata) y gliptodontes (Cingulata). Luego de revisar la información disponible, concluyo que el autor es Étienne-Renaud- Augustin Serres y no Marcel de Serres como usualmente identificado. Palabras clave. Mamíferos fósiles, América del Sur, Bibliografía; Étienne Serres, Marcel de Serres 66 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 A CONFLICT OF IDENTITIES AND THE AUTHORSHIP OF SOME PAPERS ON SOUTH AMERICAN FOSSIL MAMMALS INTRODUCTION (Figure 1) was a physician, anatomist, em- bryologist, physiologist (Guérin, 1868), Sometimes, when working with biblio- and, to a lesser degree, paleontologist. graphy, a major difficulty is to determine There are some contradictions about his the real identity of an author. To exemplify age and name. For instance, while most this problem I chose the case of the two of the sources state September 12, 1786 as Serres. This is a particularly interesting his date of birth, Kraegel-Von der Heyden case because of the implications it has in (1972) without indicating sources puts South American vertebrate paleontology. December 28, 1787. Guérin (1868:148) says When I say “the two Serres”, I am that Étienne died at the age of 82, but if referring to Étienne-Renaud-Augustin the dates I give above are correct, he was Serres and Marcel de Serres. There is no 81. If Kraegel-Von der Heyden is correct, family relationship between them, but a he was 80 years old. Curiously, his tomb mere homonymy in the family name. shows that he died on January 24, not on January 22 (see Delaunay, 1868:169). A funeral oration was read on January 25, Who were these renowned 1868 (Andral & Chevreul, 1868). The dates French scientists? I give above are those made public by the Académie Nationale de Médicine de Paris Étienne-Renaud-Augustin Serres (*Clairac, (http://bibliotheque.academie-medecine. Lot-et-Garonne, 12.09.1786 - †Paris, 22.01.1868) fr/membres/membre/?mbreid=3308, accessed June 20, 2019). Unfortunately, I was unable to get certificates of his baptism and death. Coming back to his name, often referred as Antoine-Étienne-Renaud-Augustin, it seems that the name Antoine does not belong to his given name. His grave at the Cemetery Père Lachaise, in Paris, shows the name Étienne-Renaud- Augustin Serres (Figure 2) (https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grave_ of_%C3%89tienne-Renaud-Augustin_Serres, accessed, March 12, 2020). I was not able to find any work by Étienne signedas Antoine. On the other hand, the name Antoine appears in Étienne’s Anatomie comparée du Cerveau (Serres, 1824:[v]) dedicated to his late elder brother Antoine Serres, also a physician, and his father, Jacques Christophe Serres –a physician, too–, as “Mes premiers maîtres dans l’étude des sciences anatomiques” (Figure 3). This dedication demonstrates that in 1824 his father was Figure 1 - Portrait of Étienne-Renaud-Agustin Serres, still alive, but his elder brother had already engraving by Ambroise Tardieu, 1823. died. In addition, I believe that the Essai HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 67 MONES A. Figure 3 - Étienne-Renaud-Agustin Serres’s dedicatory to his father Jacques Christophe and to his late brother Antoine (Serres, 1824). Figure 2 - Étienne-Renaud-Agustin Serres’s funerary monument at the Cemetery Père Lachaise, Paris. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grave_ was signed as Étienne-Renaud-Augustin of_%C3%89tienne-Renaud-Augustin_Serres). Serres (Serres, 1810). Three years later the Traité de la Fièvre entéro-mésentérique (Petit sur les Dents, signed “A. Serres” (1817) & Serres, 1813) is signed É. R. A. Serres. (Figure 4) also belongs to Étienne, and that The manuscripts of Étienne Geoffroy de the “A.” stands for Augustin, which agrees Saint Hilaire preserved at the Bibliothèque also with the mention on the website of the centrale of the Muséum national d’Histoire Bibliothèques et Centres de Documentation naturelle (Paris) cite “Augustin Serres” du Ministère des Armées (https:// (Lassius, 1972:372, 374, 390). Thus, the “A.” bibliotheques-numeriques.defense.gouv. in the book of 1817 clearly seems to refer fr/document/27809275-28a1-4bdb-abba- to his third given name, Augustin, and not dc7b3a2625bc, accessed January 12, 2021). to Antoine. In one source his second given Many other internet sources attribute it to name is misspelled as Reynaud (O’Connell, “Antoine”. I do not know the reason why 2013). Étienne signed an important contribution Étienne Serres was Member of the (though severely criticized by Miel, 1826) Académie des Sciences in the Section de under a different name. His doctoral thesis Médicine et de Chirurgie (1828-1868), 68 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 A CONFLICT OF IDENTITIES AND THE AUTHORSHIP OF SOME PAPERS ON SOUTH AMERICAN FOSSIL MAMMALS Vicepresident (1840), and President (1841) of the same Académie. At the Muséum d’Histoire naturelle he was in charge of the Chaire d’Anatomie comparée (1850-1868), and by 1817, or earlier, he received the order of Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur (see Figure 4). According to Kraegel-Von der Hayden (1972:9), he also received the Rosette de la Légion d’Honneur (1841) and the order of Commandeur de la Légion d’Honneur (1846). The database Léonore, which lists all individuals who received an order from the Légion d’Honneur since 1802, does not include information on Étienne (http://www2.culture.gouv. fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=C HERCHER&FIELD_1=NOM&VALUE_1 =SERRES). According to Mme. Christine Minjollet (pers. comm. February 11, 2021), the archives kept at the Palace of the Légion d’Honneur, also known as Hôtel de Salm, were partially destroyed by a fire during the revolutionary movement in the Paris Figure 4 - Title page of Serres’s Essai sur les Dents (1817). Commune in March-May of 1871. At his death, Étienne bequeathed 60.000 francs for a prize in Embryology to be given by the Académie des Sciences every three years, starting from 1872 (Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences –hereinafter CRAS–, 1868, 66(12):624). Due to a long administrative process (CRAS, 1869, 68(24):1422-1423; CRAS, 1872, 75(22):1412; CRAS, 1873, 76(2):71), it was only awarded in 1874 (CRAS, 1874, 79(26):1580-1585). For further information on Étienne’s life and work see Guérin (1868), Russell (1916), Kraegel-Von der Heyden (1972:6-9), and Appel (1987: 121, passim). The second Serres, Pierre-Toussaint Marcel de Serres de Mesplès (*Montpellier, 03.11.1780 - †22.07.1862) (Figure 5), was a recognized zoologist, geologist, and paleontologist, but also was interested in Figure 5 - Portrait of Marcel de Serres, lithography arts and industry (Gervais, 1862a; Lacombe, by Thierry Frères (https://www.ac-sciences-lettres- 2000; Szrajber, 2000). For a genealogy of montpellier.fr/academie/membres/biographie/70_ Marcel see the website Geneanet at https:// SERRES-Marcel%20de). HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 11 (1) 2021/65-75 69 MONES A. gw.geneanet.fr&n=de+serres+de+mesples&oc scientific Academies and Societies. He also =0&p=pierre+toussaint+marcel(accessed received the order of Officier de la Légion February 26, 2020). d’Honneur in 1861 (Figure 6). Marcel de Serres was a prolific author, with more than 250 published papers and books on a wide variety of subjects (Rouville, THE PAPERS ON SOUTH AMERICAN 1863). In 1809 he joined the Société Libre des FOSSIL MAMMALS Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Montpellier, and in the same year, under the patronage With regard to the papers dealing with of Emperor Napoleon I, he was named South American fossil mammals, I will Professeur de Minéralogie et de Géologie discuss on the case of eight contributions at the Faculté des Sciences de Montpellier, usually assigned to Marcel de Serres. Each chair that he occupied two years later, in case is explained below: 1811, until his death. The explanation for A) d’Archiac (1868:688) simply ignores this distinction is that he was spying for the given name and mentions only the economical and industrial information in family name “Serres” for all the papers Austria, Germany, and in the Kingdom of on mesotherids and glyptodonts. Bavaria on behalf of the Napoleon regime B) Burmeister (1879:389, note) attributes (Serres, 1814; Lacombe, 2000; Poncet, 2006). the papers on glyptodonts to Marcel de He was also Conseiller-auditeur à la Cour Serres.
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