Ontogenetic and Life History Trait Changes Associated with Convergent Ecological Specializations in Extinct Ungulate Mammals
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evolutionary and Functional Implications of Incisor Enamel Microstructure Diversity in Notoungulata (Placentalia, Mammalia)
Journal of Mammalian Evolution https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09462-z ORIGINAL PAPER Evolutionary and Functional Implications of Incisor Enamel Microstructure Diversity in Notoungulata (Placentalia, Mammalia) Andréa Filippo1 & Daniela C. Kalthoff2 & Guillaume Billet1 & Helder Gomes Rodrigues1,3,4 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Notoungulates are an extinct clade of South American mammals, comprising a large diversity of body sizes and skeletal morphologies, and including taxa with highly specialized dentitions. The evolutionary history of notoungulates is characterized by numerous dental convergences, such as continuous growth of both molars and incisors, which repeatedly occurred in late- diverging families to counter the effects of abrasion. The main goal of this study is to determine if the acquisition of high-crowned incisors in different notoungulate families was accompanied by significant and repeated changes in their enamel microstructure. More generally, it aims at identifying evolutionary patterns of incisor enamel microstructure in notoungulates. Fifty-eight samples of incisors encompassing 21 genera of notoungulates were sectioned to study the enamel microstructure using a scanning electron microscope. We showed that most Eocene taxa were characterized by an incisor schmelzmuster involving only radial enamel. Interestingly, derived schmelzmusters involving the presence of Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB) and of modified radial enamel occurred in all four late-diverging families, mostly in parallel with morphological specializations, such as crown height increase. Despite a high degree of homoplasy, some characters detected at different levels of enamel complexity (e.g., labial versus lingual sides, upper versus lower incisors) might also be useful for phylogenetic reconstructions. Comparisons with perissodactyls showed that notoungulates paralleled equids in some aspects related to abrasion resistance, in having evolved transverse to oblique HSB combined with modified radial enamel and high-crowned incisors. -
Teeth Complexity, Hypsodonty and Body Mass in Santacrucian (Early Miocene) Notoungulates (Mammalia) Guillermo H
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 106, 303–313, 2017 Teeth complexity, hypsodonty and body mass in Santacrucian (Early Miocene) notoungulates (Mammalia) Guillermo H. Cassini1,2,7, Santiago Herna´ndez Del Pino3,7, Nahuel A. Mun˜oz4,7, M. V. Walter G. Acosta5, Mercedes Ferna´ndez2,6,7, M. Susana Bargo4,8 and Sergio F. Vizcaı´no4,7 1 Divisio´n Mastozoologı´a, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciencias Ba´sicas, Universidad Nacional de Luja´n, Luja´n, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 3 Paleontologı´a, Instituto de Nivologı´a, Glaciologı´a y Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Cientı´fico Tecnolo´gico – CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 4 Divisio´n Paleontologı´a Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Unidades de Investigacio´n Anexo Museo, FCNyM-UNLP, 60 y 122, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Ca´tedra de Semiologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, La Plata, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 6 Divisio´n Paleontologı´a de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 7 CONICET. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas. 8 CIC. Comisio´n de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas de la provincia de Buenos Aires. ABSTRACT: Notoungulates, native South American fossil mammals, have been recently objective of several palaeoecological studies. -
“Toscas Del Río De La Plata” (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by El Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual Soibelzon et al.: Análisis faunístico de vertebrados deRev. las Mus. toscas Argentino del Río de Cienc. La Plata Nat., n.s.291 10(2): 291-308, 2008 Buenos Aires, ISSN 1514-5158 Análisis faunístico de vertebrados de las toscas del Río de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): un yacimiento paleontológico en desaparición E. SOIBELZON1, G. M. GASPARINI1, A. E. ZURITA2 & L. H. SOIBELZON1 1Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP. Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata. Argentina. CONICET. [email protected]. 2 Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET) y Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina Abstract: Faunistic analisys of vertebrates from las toscas del Río de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): a palaeontological site in disappearance. At the coast of the río de la Plata in the Buenos Aires city lies a classic paleontological site, known as toscas del Río de La Plata or simple as las toscas. It has been studied for over 120 years and, although it has been widely spread, today is only possible to observe it during low tide. For this reason, most of the available materials are those collected during the first half of the XXth century, and that so far have only been incorporated into scarce taxonomic reviews. Among the fossils collected in las toscas highlights Glyptodon munizi Ameghino, Neosclerocalyptus pseudornatus Ameghino, Mesotherium cristatum Serrés, Arctotherium angustidens Gervais y Ameghino and Theriodictis platensis (Mercerat); all are exclusive species from the Ensenadan Stage (early to -middle Pleistocene). -
Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Geothermal Reservoir Potential of the Volcaniclastic Cura-Mallín Succession at Lonquimay, Chile
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 77 (2017) 1e20 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and geothermal reservoir potential of the volcaniclastic Cura-Mallín succession at Lonquimay, Chile * Viviana Pedroza a, Jacobus P. Le Roux a, b, ,Nestor M. Gutierrez a, c, Vladimir E. Vicencio a a Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile b Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile c Centro de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion de Estructuras y Materiales IDIEM (Universidad de Chile), Chile article info abstract Article history: The Tolhuaca Volcano near Lonquimay in south-central Chile has been the subject of several studies due Received 7 June 2016 to its geothermal manifestations, but little is known about the stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Received in revised form Cura-Mallín Formation forming its basement. Field work and U-Pb dating of detrital zircons allow us to 31 March 2017 redefine this succession as the Cura-Mallín Group, consisting of the volcano-sedimentary Guapitrío Accepted 18 April 2017 Formation, sedimentary Río Pedregoso Formation, and volcano-sedimentary Mitrauquen Formation. The Available online 21 April 2017 Río Pedregoso Formation can be subdivided into three formal units, namely the Quilmahue Member, Rucananco~ Member, and Bío-Bío Member. The base of the Quilmahue Member interfingers laterally with Keywords: ± Tolhuaca Volcano the base of the Guapitrío Formation, for which a previous K/Ar date of 22.0 0.9 Ma was apparently Cura-Mallín Group discarded by the original authors. -
Michael O. Woodburne1,* Alberto L. Cione2,**, and Eduardo P. Tonni2,***
Woodburne, M.O.; Cione, A.L.; and Tonni, E.P., 2006, Central American provincialism and the 73 Great American Biotic Interchange, in Carranza-Castañeda, Óscar, and Lindsay, E.H., eds., Ad- vances in late Tertiary vertebrate paleontology in Mexico and the Great American Biotic In- terchange: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología and Centro de Geociencias, Publicación Especial 4, p. 73–101. CENTRAL AMERICAN PROVINCIALISM AND THE GREAT AMERICAN BIOTIC INTERCHANGE Michael O. Woodburne1,* Alberto L. Cione2,**, and Eduardo P. Tonni2,*** ABSTRACT The age and phyletic context of mammals that dispersed between North and South America during the past 9 m.y. is summarized. The presence of a Central American province of cladogenesis and faunal differentiation is explored. One apparent aspect of such a province is to delay dispersals of some taxa northward from Mexico into the continental United States, largely during the Blancan. Examples are recognized among the various xenar- thrans, and cervid artiodactyls. Whereas the concept of a Central American province has been mentioned in past investigations it is upgraded here. Paratoceras (protoceratid artio- dactyl) and rhynchotheriine proboscideans provide perhaps the most compelling examples of Central American cladogenesis (late Arikareean to early Barstovian and Hemphillian to Rancholabrean, respectively), but this category includes Hemphillian sigmodontine rodents, and perhaps a variety of carnivores and ungulates from Honduras in the medial Miocene, as well as peccaries and equids from Mexico. For South America, Mexican canids and hy- drochoerid rodents may have had an earlier development in Mexico. Remarkably, the first South American immigrants to Mexico (after the Miocene heralds; the xenarthrans Plaina and Glossotherium) apparently dispersed northward at the same time as the first Holarctic taxa dispersed to South America (sigmodontine rodents and the tayassuid artiodactyls). -
Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina Juan D. Carrillo and Robert J. Asher ABSTRACT We describe one of the oldest notoungulate skeletons with associated cranioden- tal and postcranial elements: Thomashuxleya externa (Isotemnidae) from Cañadón Vaca in Patagonia, Argentina (Vacan subage of the Casamayoran SALMA, middle Eocene). We provide body mass estimates given by different elements of the skeleton, describe the bone histology, and study its phylogenetic position. We note differences in the scapulae, humerii, ulnae, and radii of the new specimen in comparison with other specimens previously referred to this taxon. We estimate a body mass of 84 ± 24.2 kg, showing that notoungulates had acquired a large body mass by the middle Eocene. Bone histology shows that the new specimen was skeletally mature. The new material supports the placement of Thomashuxleya as an early, divergent member of Toxodon- tia. Among placentals, our phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA, collagen, and morphology matrix favor only a limited number of possible phylogenetic relationships, but cannot yet arbitrate between potential affinities with Afrotheria or Laurasiatheria. With no constraint, maximum parsimony supports Thomashuxleya and Carodnia with Afrotheria. With Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic (including Macrauchenia and Toxodon known for collagens), these clades are reconstructed on the stem -
Mammals and Stratigraphy : Geochronology of the Continental Mammal·Bearing Quaternary of South America
MAMMALS AND STRATIGRAPHY : GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE CONTINENTAL MAMMAL·BEARING QUATERNARY OF SOUTH AMERICA by Larry G. MARSHALLI, Annallsa BERTA'; Robert HOFFSTETTER', Rosendo PASCUAL', Osvaldo A. REIG', Miguel BOMBIN', Alvaro MONES' CONTENTS p.go Abstract, Resume, Resumen ................................................... 2, 3 Introduction .................................................................. 4 Acknowledgments ............................................................. 6 South American Pleistocene Land Mammal Ages ....... .. 6 Time, rock, and faunal units ...................... .. 6 Faunas....................................................................... 9 Zoological character and history ................... .. 9 Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary ................................................ 12 Argentina .................................................................... 13 Pampean .................................................................. 13 Uquian (Uquiense and Puelchense) .......................................... 23 Ensenadan (Ensenadense or Pampeano Inferior) ............................... 28 Lujanian (LuJanense or Pampeano lacus/re) .................................. 29 Post Pampean (Holocene) ........... :....................................... 30 Bolivia ................ '...................................................... ~. 31 Brazil ........................................................................ 37 Chile ........................................................................ 44 Colombia -
The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates
Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to paleobiology • number 101 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates Juan D. Carrillo, Eli Amson, Carlos Jaramillo, Rodolfo Sánchez, Luis Quiroz, Carlos Cuartas, Aldo F. Rincón, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years in thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (SISP) publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on research and collections of the Institution’s museums and research centers. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via exchange mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and evaluation by SISP’s Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (available at https://scholarlypress.si.edu). -
(Mammalia, Notoungulata) with Emphases in Basicranial and Auditory Region
RESEARCH ARTICLE Cranial Morphology of the Late Oligocene Patagonian Notohippid Rhynchippus equinus Ameghino, 1897 (Mammalia, Notoungulata) with Emphases in Basicranial and Auditory Region Gastón Martínez1,2*, María Teresa Dozo1, Javier N. Gelfo3,4, Hernán Marani5 1 Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, 3 División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de la Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos a11111 Aires, Argentina, 4 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 5 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Martínez G, Dozo MT, Gelfo JN, Marani H “Notohippidae” is a probably paraphyletic family of medium sized notoungulates with com- (2016) Cranial Morphology of the Late Oligocene Patagonian Notohippid Rhynchippus equinus plete dentition and early tendency to hypsodonty. They have been recorded from early Ameghino, 1897 (Mammalia, Notoungulata) with Eocene to early Miocene, being particularly diverse by the late Oligocene. Although Emphases in Basicranial and Auditory Region. PLoS Rhynchippus equinus Ameghino is one of the most frequent notohippids in the fossil record, ONE 11(5): e0156558. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0156558 there are scarce data about cranial -
Chronologic Implications of New Miocene Mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa Formations, Laguna Del Laja Area, South Central Chile
Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile John J. Flynn a,*, Reynaldo Charrier b, Darin A. Croft c, Phillip B. Gans d, Trystan M. Herriott d, Jill A. Wertheim d, André R. Wyss d a Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA b Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile c Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA d Department of Earth Science, University of California- Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA abstract Keywords: Recent work in the central Andean Main Range of Chile near Laguna del Laja (37.5°S, 71°W) has pro- Chile duced the first mammal fossils for the region. Fossils, locally abundant and well preserved, occur patchily Fossil mammals across a wide area southeast of the lake. Mammalian remains are derived from generally strongly folded Paleontology (kilometer-scale) exposures of the locally 1.8 km thick, early to middle Miocene Cura-Mallín Formation; Miocene two identifiable specimens have been recovered from the overlying Trapa Trapa Formation as well. Both Geochronology formations consist primarily of well-stratified (1–5 m thick layers) volcaniclastic and volcanic strata, Tectonics deposited predominantly in fluviatile systems. The Cura-Mallín Formation is possibly the southern con- tinuation of (or lateral equivalent to) the richly fossiliferous Abanico Formation mapped between 32°S and 36°S. Intensive sampling in a series of localities east and south of Laguna del Laja has yielded diverse faunas, in addition to radioisotopically dateable horizons. -
Anatomía Y Sistemática De Los Toxodontidae (Notoungulata) De La Formación Santa Cruz, Mioceno Temprano, Argentina
Carrera del Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales Anatomía y Sistemática de los Toxodontidae (Notoungulata) de la Formación Santa Cruz, Mioceno Temprano, Argentina. Tesis doctoral por: Lic. Santiago Hernández Del Pino Dra. Ma. Esperanza Cerdeño Serrano Dr. Sergio F. Vizcaíno Directora Director TOMO II La Plata – Argentina 2018 Anatomía y Sistemática de los Toxodóntidos de Santa Cruz Capitulo V. Cuantificación del morfoespacio teórico En este capítulo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los análisis de cuantificación del morfoespacio teórico de los Nesodontinae de la Formación Santa Cruz. El primer subcapitulo (V. 1) corresponde a un análisis exploratorio realizado a partir de medidas lineales del cráneo y la mandíbula de 110 ejemplares de nesodontinos El segundo subcapítulo corresponde al análisis realizados a partir de landmarks 3D para el cráneo de Nesodontinae (V. 2. 1) y para las especies integrantes de la subfamilia, Nesodon imbricatus (V. 2.2) y Adinotherium ovinum (V. 2.3). Cada uno de estos apartados cuenta con dos secciones; la primera, con los resultados obtenidos para los análisis sin aplicar retrodeformación, y la segunda, correspondiente a los resultados del análisis de los datos retrodeformados. Para los Nesodontinae, además, se incluye el análisis del morfoespacio para la mandíbula, que no se desarrolla en cada especie debido a que la muestra es demasiado pequeña y solo cuenta con un ejemplar de Adinotherium ovinum. También, se presenta una regresión con los resultados del ACP contra el logaritmo del tamaño del centroide para evaluar el rol del tamaño como estructurador de la variación en la forma (V. 3), un análisis de parsimonia (V. 4) para todos los ejemplares contemplados en los análisis realizados en este capítulo y una discusión de los resultados obtenidos (V. -
Burdigalian Deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, Depositional Environment and Vertebrate Fossils
Andean Geology 40 (3): 458-489, September, 2013 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV40n3-a0410.5027/andgeoV40n3-a?? formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils J. Enrique Bostelmann1, 2, Jacobus P. Le Roux3, Ana Vásquez3, Néstor M. Gutiérrez3, José Luis Oyarzún4, Catalina Carreño3, Teresa Torres5, Rodrigo Otero2, Andrea Llanos5, C. Mark Fanning6, Francisco Hervé3, 7 1 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de Mayo 582, Montevideo, Uruguay. [email protected] 2 Red Paleontológica U-Chile, Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago,Chile. [email protected] 3 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 4 Callejón Pedro Méndez, Huerto N° 112, Puerto Natales, Chile. [email protected] 5 Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa N° 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] 6 Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Building 142 Mills Road, ACT 0200, Canberra, Australia. [email protected] 7 Escuela de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Andrés Bello, Salvador Sanfuentes 2357, Santiago, Chile. ABSTRACT. A succession of marine and continental strata on the southern flank of Cerro Cono in the Sierra Baguales, northeast of Torres del Paine, can be correlated with stratigraphic units exposed along the southern border of the Lago Argentino region in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.