Glossary of Chinese Terms

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Glossary of Chinese Terms Appendix Glossary of Chinese Terms Anyang Aohan banner (area) Bajia site bi (circular jade objects) Changping Baifu site Chengzishan site Chifeng Chijiaying village Chutoulan village Dadianzi site Daguan mountain Dajing site of Linxi County Damiao village Damohugou Dadongguou ding tripod Dongbajia site Dongmagou site Dongnangou site 243 244 APPENDIX Dongshanzu site dou pedestal Erligang phase Erlitou phase Fanzhangzi site Fengxia site Fuhe culture Fushanzhuang village ge dagger-axe Guangfu Yingzixigou (tributary) gui vessel Gushanzi site Hongshan culture Hongshanhou site Hongtugou Hu people huang (semilunar-shape pendants) Huaxia Hutougou site Jiang clan jue vessel Kalaqin site Kangjiawan village kui dragon Laidaigou stream Laoha river Laotouxigou stream li tripod Liao dynasty Liaoz hongjing Liulihe site Longshan culture Lower Xiajiadian culture Luo River APPENDIX 245 Nanshangen site Ningcheng Niuheliang site Nuluerhu mountain range Pingdingshan site Pingfang site Pingquan Dongnangou site Qidan people Qijia culture Qilaotu mountain range Sanzuodian site (village) Sifangdi site Shanrong people Shi (warrior-nobles of the class) Shuiquan site taotie motif Upper Xiajiadian culture Weiyingzi culture Xiajiadian site Xiaobaiyang site Xiaoheishigou site Xiaoheyan period Xiaojiadi tributary Xiaozhuanshanzi site Xigangou River Xilamulun River Xilugehe River Xindian site Xinglongwa culture Xishangen site Xishantou site Xitai site Xu state Xuchang area 246 APPENDIX Yan state Yaowangmiao site Yinhe River Yingjinhe River Yinjiadian village Yinxu Yueshi culture yun lei (cloud and thunder) Yuxi area Zhaobaogou culture Zhaosuhe River Zhengzhou site Zhizhushan site Zhongyuan (Central Plain) Zhoujiadi site Zhukaigou site Zuojiaying village CHINESE JOURNALS Kaogu Kaogu tongxun Kaogu xuebao Kaogu yu wenwu Liaohai wenwu xuekan Liaoning daxue xuebao Lishi yanjiu Neimenggu wenwu kaogu Wenwu Wenwu ziliao congkan Zhaowuda mengzu shizhuan xuebao Zhiwu taixue yu di zhiwuxue congkan Zhiwu xuebao Zhongyuan wenwu References TITLES IN CHINESE An Jinhuai, 1985, Dui tansuo Xia wenhua de yi xie tihui (Some insights concerning the explo- ration of Xia culture), in: Xia shi luncong, Jiaolu shushe, Jinan, pp. 32-38. An Zhimin, 1954, Tangshan shiguomu ji qi xiangguan de yiwu ( Tangshun stone slab graves and their artifacts), Kuogu xuebuo 7:77-86. An Zhimin, 1981, Zhongguo zaoqi tongqi de jige wenti (Some questions concerning the Chi- nese early bronze age), Kuogu xuebao 3:269-286. Aohanqi bowuguan, 1991, Aohanqi Nantaidi Zhaobaogou wenhua yizhi diaocha (Survey of the Zhaobaogou culture site of Nantaidi at Aohan banner), Neimmggu wenwu kuogu 5:2-10. Aohanqi Dadianzi gongshe lishi yanjiu xiaozu, 1976, Cong Dadianzi dengdi chutu wenwu kan lishi shang de jieji fenhua (The development of social classes according to the excavated materials from Dadianzi and other places), Wenwu 1:79-84. Balinyouqi bowuguan, 1987, Neimenggu Balinyouqi Nasitai yizhi diaocha (Survey at the Na- sitai site, Bulinyou banner, Inner Mongolia), Kuogu 6:507-518. Beijing gangtie xueyuan yejin shizu, 1981, Zhongguo zaoqi tongqi de chubu yanjiu (Prelimi- nary research on the earliest Chinese bronzes), Kuogu xuebuo 3:287-301. Beijingshi wenwu guanlichu, 1976a, Beijing Liulihe Xiajiadian xiacang wenhua muzang (lower Xiajiadian graves from Liulihe, Beijing), Kuogu 1:59-60. Beijingshi wenwu guanlichu, 1976b, Beijing diqu de you yi zhongyao kaogu shouhuo (Another important archaeological discovery in the Beijing area), Kuogu 4:246-258. Beijingshi wenwu guanlichu, 1979, Beijingshi Yanqiangxiang Xibozicong jiaozang tongqi (A bronze artifacts cache from the Xibozi village, Yanqing county Beijing municipality), Kaogu 3:227-230. Beijingshi wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo, 1990, Shinian lai Beijing kaogu de xin chengguo (New ar- chaeological achievements of the last ten years in the Beijing Area), in: Wenwu kaogu gongzuo shinian 1979-89, Wenwu chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 1-13. Du Zhengsheng, 1991, Xiadai kaogu ji qi guojia fazhan de tansuo (Discussion on the archaeol- ogy of Xia dynasty and the development of its state), Kuogu 1:43-56. Fang Dianchun and Liu Baohua, 1984, Liaoning Fuxinxian Hutougou Hongshan wenhua yuqimu de faxian (The discovery of Hongshan grave containing jade artifacts at Hu- tougou, Fuxin county, Liaoning), Wenwu 6:1-5. 247 248 REFERENCES Guo Dashun, 1987, Shilun Weiyingzi leixing (Discussing the Weiyingzi culture), in: Kaoguxue wenhua lunji (Su Bingqi, ed.), Wenwu chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 79-98. Guo Dashun, 1989, Liaoxi guwenhua de xin renshi (New discoveries of ancient cultures in west Liaoning), in: Qingzbu Su Bingqi kaogu wusbiwu nian, Wenwu chubanshe, Bei- jing, pp, 203-215. Guo Dashun, 1993, Liaohai liuyu “beifang shi qingtongqi” de faxian yu yanjiu (The discovering and research of the “northern stile bronze artifacts” at the Liao river basin), Neimenggu wenwu kaogu 1-2:23-28. Guo Dashun and Ma Sha, 1985, Yi Liaohe liuyu wei zhongxin de xinshiqi wenhua (Neolithic cultures in the Liao river valley and its vicinity), Kaogu xuebao 4:417-444. Guo Dashun and Zhang Keju, 1984, Liaoningsheng Kezuoxian Dongshanzui Hongshan wenhua jianzhu qunzhi fajue jianbao (Preliminary excavation report of the Hongshan site at Dong- shanzui of Kezuo County, Liaoning province), Wenwu 11:1-11. Hebei sheng bowuguan, 1977, Hebei Pingquan Dongnangou Xiajiadian shangceng wenhua muzang (The Upper Xiajiadian culture graveyard at Pingquan Dongnangou, Hebei), Kaogu 1:51-55. Hebei sheng wenwu yanjiusuo, 1990, Heibei sheng xinjin shinian de wenwu kaogu gongzuo (Archaeological work of the last ten years at Hebei province), in: Wenwu kaogu gongzuo shinian 1979-89, Wenwu chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 25-36. Henan sheng wenwu yanjiusuo, 1990, Jin shinian Henan wenwu kaogu gongzuo de xin jinzhang (Archaeological developments in the last ten years at Henan province), in: Wenwu kaogu gongzuo shinian 1979-89, Wenwu chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 176-181. Jianpingxian wenhuaguan, Chaoyang dichu bowuguan, 1983, Liaoning Jianpingxian qingtong shidai muzang ji xiangguan yiwu (Bronze age graveyards from Jianping county, Liaoning, and related artifacts), Kaogu 8:679-694. Jin Fengyi, 1991, Jundushan Shanrong wenhua mudi zangzhi yu zhuyao qiwu tezheng (The burial system and characteristic artifacts of the Sbanrong culture cemetery of Jun- dusban), Liaohai wenwu xuekan 1:61-73. Kazuoxian wenhuaguan, 1977, Liaoningsheng Kezuoxian Shanwanzi chutu Yin Zhou qing tongqi (Shang and Zhou bronze vessels found at Sbanwanzi, Kazuo county of Liaoning province), Wenwu 12:23-33. Kong Zhaochen and Du Naiqiu, 1981, Neimenggu zizhiqu ji ge kaogu didian de baofen fenxi zai gu zhibei he qihoushang de yiyi (The climatic implication of the distribution vegeta- tion pollen in some archaeological sites at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Zhiwu taixue yu di zhiwuxue congkan 5(3):195-202. Kong Zhaochen, Du Naiqiu, Liu Guanming, and Yang Hu, 1991, Neimenggu zizhiqu Chifengshi jujin 8000-2400 nian jian huanjing kaogxue de chubu yanjiu (Preliminary environmental archaeology research on the period between 8000-2400 BP in Chifeng, the Inner Monge lia Autonomous Region), Huanjing kaogu yanjiu, Kexue chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 112- 119. Li Gongdu, 1986, Liaoning Lingyuanxian Sanguandianzi Changzishan yizhi shijue baogao (Trial excavation of the Changzisban site of Sanguandianzi, Lingyuan county, Liaoning), Kaogu 6:497-510. Li Gongdu and Gao Meixuan, 1985, Xiajiadian xiacang wenhua ruogan wenti yanjiu (Research of certain questions concerning the Lower Xiajiadian culture), Liaoning daxue xuebao 5:154-161. Li Jinghan, 1980, Shilun Xiajiadian xiaceng wenhua de fenqi he leixing (Discussing the sub- periods and types of the Lower Xiajiadian culture), in: Zhongguo kaoguxuebui di yi ci nianbui lunwenji, Wenwu chubanshe, Beijing, pp. 163-170. Li Yangsong, 1980, Cong Henan Longshan wenhua de ji ge leixing tan Xia wenhua de ruogan wenti (From the types of Henan Longshan culture, discussing some questions concerning REFERENCES 249 the Xia culture), in: Zhongguo kaogu xuehui di yi ci nianbui lunwenji, Wenwu chuban- she, Beijing, pp. 32-49. Li Min, 1985, Yu Gong Ji zhou yu Xia wenhua tansuo (Examining Xia culture and Ji province of Yugong), in: Xia sbi luncong, Jiaolu shushe, Jinan, pp. 39-55. LiWenyi and LiangYulian, 1985, Hebei dongbu quanxinshi wennuanqi zhibei yu huanjing (Veg- etation and the environment of eastern Hebei during the Pleistocene), Zhiwu xuebao 27(6):640-651. Liang Siyung, 1959, Liang Siyung Kaogu Lunwenji (Collection of essays on archaeology by Liang Siyung), Kexue chubanshe, Beijing. Liaoning sheng Zhaowudameng wenwu gongzuozhan, 1973, Ningchengxian Nanshangen de shiguomu (Stone coffin grave of Nanshangen, Ningcbeng county), Kaogu xuebao 2:27-38. Liaoning sheng wenwu ganbu peixunban, 1976, Liaoning Beipiaoxian Fengxia yizhi 1972 nian chun fajue jianbao (Preliminary report on the 1972 excavations at Fengxia site in Beipiao county, Liaoning), Kaogu 3:197-210. Liaoning sheng bowuguan, 1977, Liaoning Aohanqi Xiaoheyan sanzhong yuanshi wenhua de faxian (The discovery of three prehistoric cultures in the Xiaoheyan area, Aohan Banner, Liaoning province), Wenwu 12:1-15. Liaoning sheng bowuguan, 1983a, Neimenggu Chifenxian Sifendi Dongshanzui yizhi shijue jianbao (preliminary report on the trial excavation at Dongshanzui site, Sifendi, Chifeng county, Inner Mongolia), Kaogu 5:420-429. Liaoning sheng bowuguan wenwu gongzuodui, 1983b, Liaoning Jianpingxian Kalaqin Hedong yizhi shijue jianbao (Preliminary report of the Kalaqin site in Jianping county, Liaoning), Kaogu 11:973-981. Liaoning
Recommended publications
  • Continuing Crackdown in Inner Mongolia
    CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 March 1992 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-56432-059-6 Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch/Asia was established in 1985 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Asia. Sidney Jones is the executive director; Mike Jendrzejczyk is the Washington director; Robin Munro is the Hong Kong director; Therese Caouette, Patricia Gossman and Jeannine Guthrie are research associates; Cathy Yai-Wen Lee and Grace Oboma-Layat are associates; Mickey Spiegel is a research consultant. Jack Greenberg is the chair of the advisory committee and Orville Schell is vice chair. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Helsinki division. Today, it includes five divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, as well as the signatories of the Helsinki accords.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramic's Influence on Chinese Bronze Development
    Ceramic’s Influence on Chinese Bronze Development Behzad Bavarian and Lisa Reiner Dept. of MSEM College of Engineering and Computer Science September 2007 Photos on cover page Jue from late Shang period decorated with Painted clay gang with bird, fish and axe whorl and thunder patterns and taotie design from the Neolithic Yangshao creatures, H: 20.3 cm [34]. culture, H: 47 cm [14]. Flat-based jue from early Shang culture Pou vessel from late Shang period decorated decorated with taotie beasts. This vessel with taotie creatures and thunder patterns, H: is characteristic of the Erligang period, 24.5 cm [34]. H: 14 cm [34]. ii Table of Contents Abstract Approximate timeline 1 Introduction 2 Map of Chinese Provinces 3 Neolithic culture 4 Bronze Development 10 Clay Mold Production at Houma Foundry 15 Coins 16 Mining and Smelting at Tonglushan 18 China’s First Emperor 19 Conclusion 21 References 22 iii The transition from the Neolithic pottery making to the emergence of metalworking around 2000 BC held significant importance for the Chinese metal workers. Chinese techniques sharply contrasted with the Middle Eastern and European bronze development that relied on annealing, cold working and hammering. The bronze alloys were difficult to shape by hammering due to the alloy combination of the natural ores found in China. Furthermore, China had an abundance of clay and loess materials and the Chinese had spent the Neolithic period working with and mastering clay, to the point that it has been said that bronze casting was made possible only because the bronze makers had access to superior ceramic technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Complexity in North China During the Early Bronze Age: a Comparative Study of the Erlitou and Lower Xiajiadian Cultures
    Social Complexity in North China during the Early Bronze Age: A Comparative Study of the Erlitou and Lower Xiajiadian Cultures GIDEON SHELACH ACCORDING TO TRADITIONAL Chinese historiography, the earliest Chinese state was the Xia dynasty (twenty-first-seventeenth centuries B.C.), which was lo­ cated in the Zhongyuan area (the Central Plain). The traditional viewpoint also relates that, over the next two millennia, complex societies emerged in other parts of present-day China through the process of political expansion and cul­ tural diffusion from the Zhongyuan. Some scholars recently have challenged this model because it is unilinear and does not allow for significant contributions to the emergence of social compleXity from areas outside the Zhongyuan. Recent syntheses usually view the archaeological landscape of the late Neolithic Period (the second half of the third millennium B.C.) as a mosaic of cultures of compar­ able social complexity that interacted and influenced each other (Chang 1986; Tong 1981). Nevertheless, when dealing with the Early Bronze Age, the period identified with the Xia dynasty, most archaeologists still accept the main premises of the traditional model. They regard the culture or cultures of the Zhongyuan as the most developed and see intercultural interaction as occurring, if at all, only within the boundaries of that area. One of the most heated debates among Chinese archaeologists in recent years has been over the archaeological identification of the Xia dynasty. The partici­ pants in this debate accept the authenticity of the historical documents, most of which were written more than a thousand years after the events, and try to cor­ relate names of historical places and peoples to known archaeological sites and cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia Were Not the Descendants of Yan Huang
    E-Leader Brno 2019 Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia were not the Descendants of Yan Huang Soleilmavis Liu, Activist Peacepink, Yantai, Shandong, China Many Chinese people claimed that they are descendants of Yan Huang, while claiming that they are descendants of Hua Xia. (Yan refers to Yan Di, Huang refers to Huang Di and Xia refers to the Xia Dynasty). Are these true or false? We will find out from Shanhaijing ’s records and modern archaeological discoveries. Abstract Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas ) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Yan Di, Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, Di Jun and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of groups, but also the names of individuals, who were regarded by many groups as common male ancestors. These groups first lived in the Pamirs Plateau, soon gathered in the north of the Tibetan Plateau and west of the Qinghai Lake and learned from each other advanced sciences and technologies, later spread out to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. The Yan Di’s offspring spread out to the west of the Taklamakan Desert;The Huang Di’s offspring spread out to the north of the Chishui River, Tianshan Mountains and further northern and northeastern areas;The Di Jun’s and Shao Hao’s offspring spread out to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the Di Jun’s offspring lived in the west of the Shao Hao’s territories, which were near the sea or in the Shandong Peninsula.Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation and Invention During the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China
    Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation D'Alpoim Guedes, Jade. 2013. Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11002762 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China A dissertation presented by Jade D’Alpoim Guedes to The Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Anthropology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2013 © 2013 – Jade D‘Alpoim Guedes All rights reserved Professor Rowan Flad (Advisor) Jade D’Alpoim Guedes Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China Abstract The spread of an agricultural lifestyle played a crucial role in the development of social complexity and in defining trajectories of human history. This dissertation presents the results of research into how agricultural strategies were modified during the spread of agriculture into Southwest China. By incorporating advances from the fields of plant biology and ecological niche modeling into archaeological research, this dissertation addresses how humans adapted their agricultural strategies or invented appropriate technologies to deal with the challenges presented by the myriad of ecological niches in southwest China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Zhuan Xupeople Were the Founders of Sanxingdui Culture and Earliest Inhabitants of South Asia
    E-Leader Bangkok 2018 The Zhuan XuPeople were the Founders of Sanxingdui Culture and Earliest Inhabitants of South Asia Soleilmavis Liu, Author, Board Member and Peace Sponsor Yantai, Shangdong, China Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) records many ancient groups of people (or tribes) in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Zhuan Xu, Di Jun, Huang Di, Yan Di and Shao Hao.However, the Zhuan Xu People seemed to have disappeared when the Yellow and Chang-jiang river valleys developed into advanced Neolithic cultures. Where had the Zhuan Xu People gone? Abstract: Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Zhuan Xu, Di Jun, Huang Di, Yan Di and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of individuals, but also the names of groups who regarded them as common male ancestors. These groups used to live in the Pamirs Plateau, later spread to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. Shanhaijing reveals Zhuan Xu’s offspring lived near the Tibetan Plateau in their early time. They were the first who entered the Tibetan Plateau, but almost perished due to the great environment changes, later moved to the south. Some of them entered the Sichuan Basin and became the founders of Sanxingdui Culture. Some of them even moved to the south of the Tibetan Plateau, living near the sea. Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records. Keywords: Shanhaijing; Neolithic China, Zhuan Xu, Sanxingdui, Ancient Chinese Civilization Introduction Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) from the Middle to Upper Jurassic Deposits in Northeastern China
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 127–133, 2018 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.011 ORIGINAL ARTICLE New fossil genus and species of Sinoalidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) from the Middle to Upper Jurassic deposits in northeastern China YAN-ZHE FU 1, 2 and DI-YING HUANG 1, * 1 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China Key words. Hemiptera, Cercopoidea, Sinoalidae, Stictocercopis wuhuaensis, new genus, new species, fossil, Middle to Upper Jurassic, China, Daohugou, Yanliao biota Abstract. A new fossil genus and species of Sinoalidae, Stictocercopis wuhuaensis gen. et sp. n., from the Middle to Upper Juras- sic Haifanggou Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China is described, illustrated and its systematic position discussed, on the basis of four complete well-preserved specimens. The new genus distinctly differs from other sinoalids in having relatively complex wing venation and tegmen spots. The intra-specifi c variation in venation is also discussed. The new discovery increases the palaeodiversity of sinoalids in the early assemblage of the Yanliao biota from the Daohugou beds. ZooBank Article LSID: 7F2553EE-E341-43F9-BBB0-526FD518B9AE INTRODUCTION Russia, Australia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China The hemipteran superfamily Cercopoidea Leach, 1815 (Evans, 1956; Shcherbakov & Popov, 2002; Wang & is the second largest superfamily in the Cicadomorpha, Zhang, 2009). A small family of the Cercopoidea, named comprising approximately 3000 described species (Ha- Sinoalidae, established based on fossils from the mid- milton, 2001; Dietrich, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project (Phase II)
    Environmental Assessment Report Summary Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 40634 September 2008 Proposed Loan and Administration of Grant People’s Republic of China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project (Phase II) Prepared by the Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (GIMAR) for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. SUMMARY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION A. Introduction 1. This summary initial environmental examination (SIEE) presents the assessment of environmental issues relating to development of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) Environment Improvement Project II (the Project). The SIEE was prepared in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and Environment Policy (2002) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The total cost of the Project is $398.0 million including the ADB loan of $150 million. The anticipated project implementation period is 4 years. The SIEE is based on 10 separate environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports prepared by five local EIA institutes in accordance with People’s Republic of China (PRC) regulations. B. Project Description 2. The Project consists of (i) eight district heating supply subprojects, (ii) one natural gas supply (NGS) subproject, and (iii) one comprehensive geothermal utilization (CGU) subproject.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing Population Movements in Ancient East Asia Through the Linguistics and Archaeology of Textile Production
    Evolutionary Human Sciences (2020), 2, e5, page 1 of 20 doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.4 REVIEW Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production Sarah Nelson1, Irina Zhushchikhovskaya2, Tao Li3,4, Mark Hudson3 and Martine Robbeets3* 1Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA, 2Laboratory of Medieval Archaeology, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of Peoples of Far East, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 3Eurasia3angle Research group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany and 4Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Archaeolinguistics, a field which combines language reconstruction and archaeology as a source of infor- mation on human prehistory, has much to offer to deepen our understanding of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Northeast Asia. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. To remedy this situation, here we integrate linguistic and archaeological evidence of textile production, with the aim of shedding light on ancient population movements in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. We show that the transition to more sophisticated textile technology in these regions can be associated not only with the adoption of millet agriculture but also with the spread of the languages of the so-called ‘Transeurasian’ family. In this way, our research provides indirect support for the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis, which posits that language expansion from the Neolithic onwards was often associated with agricultural colonization.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China
    JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 15, 237±288 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0010 Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China LI LIU School of Archaeology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Received June 12, 1995; revision received May 17, 1996; accepted May 26, 1996 In the third millennium B.C., the Longshan culture in the Central Plains of northern China was the crucial matrix in which the ®rst states evolved from the basis of earlier Neolithic societies. By adopting the theoretical concept of the chiefdom and by employing the methods of settlement archaeology, especially regional settlement hierarchy and rank-size analysis, this paper introduces a new approach to research on the Longshan culture and to inquiring about the development of the early states in China. Three models of regional settlement pattern correlating to different types of chiefdom systems are identi®ed. These are: (1) the centripetal regional system in circumscribed regions representing the most complex chiefdom organizations, (2) the centrifugal regional system in semi-circumscribed regions indicating less integrated chiefdom organization, and (3) the decentral- ized regional system in noncircumscribed regions implying competing and the least complex chief- dom organizations. Both external and internal factors, including geographical condition, climatic ¯uctuation, Yellow River's changing course, population movement, and intergroup con¯ict, played important roles in the development of complex societies in the Longshan culture. As in many cultures in other parts of the world, the early states in China emerged from a system of competing chiefdoms, which was characterized by intensive intergroup con¯ict and frequent shifting of political centers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Longshan Period and Incipient Chinese Civilization
    THE LONGSHAN PERIOD AND INCIPIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION BY SHAO WANGPING (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) Abstract In the ongoing reconceptualization of Chinese cultural origins, the Longshan period (third millennium BC) has emerged as the incipient stage of complex civilization in China. It is now realized that many important characteristics of traditional Chinese society came to fruition during prehistoric times. Following a brief outline of the early processes leading to the formation of state-level civilization in China, this essay dis- cusses some of the major archaeological indicators of socio-political complexity. The extremely plentiful materials accumulated by Chinese archaeolo- gists over the past seventy years have furnished a novel framework for understanding ancient Chinese history. We have come to realize that Chinese civilization grew from multiple origins that merged into one system, and we have abandoned earlier theories that regarded Chinese civilization as either derived from the West or from a single core area in the Central Plains. Building on work done by historians and archae- ologists during the rst half of the twentieth century, Chinese archae- ologists since 1949 have dened six macro-regions within which devel- opment toward complex civilization occurred separately during pre- historic times:(1) the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin; (2) the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin; (3) the Yangzi River basin; (4) far southern China; (5) the northern steppes; and (6) China’s Northeast. Distinctive regional cultures continued to ourish in these six regions during the time when the Shang and Zhou had established their royal dynasties in the Central Plains.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Chinese Bronze
    READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Ar chaeolo gy of the Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age is a synthesis of recent Chinese archaeological work on the second millennium BCE—the period Ch associated with China’s first dynasties and East Asia’s first “states.” With a inese focus on early China’s great metropolitan centers in the Central Plains Archaeology and their hinterlands, this work attempts to contextualize them within Br their wider zones of interaction from the Yangtze to the edge of the onze of the Chinese Bronze Age Mongolian steppe, and from the Yellow Sea to the Tibetan plateau and the Gansu corridor. Analyzing the complexity of early Chinese culture Ag From Erlitou to Anyang history, and the variety and development of its urban formations, e Roderick Campbell explores East Asia’s divergent developmental paths and re-examines its deep past to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of China’s Early Bronze Age. Campbell On the front cover: Zun in the shape of a water buffalo, Huadong Tomb 54 ( image courtesy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute for Archaeology). MONOGRAPH 79 COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age From Erlitou to Anyang Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press Monographs Contributions in Field Research and Current Issues in Archaeological Method and Theory Monograph 78 Monograph 77 Monograph 76 Visions of Tiwanaku Advances in Titicaca Basin The Dead Tell Tales Alexei Vranich and Charles Archaeology–2 María Cecilia Lozada and Stanish (eds.) Alexei Vranich and Abigail R.
    [Show full text]