DOCSLIB.ORG

Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean' H-Environment Peterson on Church, 'Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean' Review published on Friday, October 23, 2020 Christopher M. Church. Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean. France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization Series. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017. Illustrations, maps, tables. 324 pp. $65.00 (cloth),ISBN 978-0-8032-9099-0. Reviewed by Alyssa Peterson (University of Texas, Austin) Published on H-Environment (October, 2020) Commissioned by Daniella McCahey (Texas Tech University) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=55339 Halfway into my master’s degree, I attended a lecture from a visiting PhD student who used GIS (geographic information system) software to pinpoint locations in France that donated to Guadeloupe after a natural disaster. His findings seemed promising, and it was interesting to see how GIS could be used to come up with unexpected observations. As I made my way through the first chapter of Christopher M. Church’s Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean, I realized I had serendipitously been asked to review the completed work of that same PhD student from years before. And his work did not disappoint. Fitting his work squarely within the realm of disaster studies and French history, Church uses natural disasters and civil unrest at the end of the nineteenth century to explore the French Antilles’ place within contemporary French society and politics. He argues that these events elicited, first and foremost, discussions of the islands’ economic utility, which were often couched in terms of class (and thinly veiled racism). They also forced conversations on assimilation and citizenship, with a strong rhetoric of nationality and compatriotism surrounding debates of disasters and the expected response from the metropole. Unlike traditional French historiography, which sees the islands on the receiving end of metropolitan decisions, Church demonstrates how the islands influenced the republic’s understanding of identity, republicanism, and civic inclusivity. The Antilles were at once a strange location and a definition of “Frenchness.” Throughout the book, Church contends with this continual conceptual battle between a foreign environment and a familiar society. The first chapter explores how metropolitan France understood the Antilles and how its mulatto middle class came to be seen as “civilized” as the French, despite their racial and environmental heritage. The islands’ histories of slavery were replicated within the economy, with wealthy white landowners and poor black laborers effectively mapping class divisions directly on top of racial ones. Over time, however, a burgeoning mulatto middle class emerged. This class represented the “best” of France’s civilizing mission: a population still French because of their mixed racial backgrounds but acclimated to the tropical environment. Chapter 2 is the first of four case studies that looks at the metropole’s response to Antillean disasters. Church uses the 1890 fires that destroyed Fort-de-France, in Martinique, and Port-Louis, in Citation: H-Net Reviews. Peterson on Church, 'Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean'. H- Environment. 10-23-2020. https://networks.h-net.org/node/19397/reviews/6629652/peterson-church-paradise-destroyed-catastrophe-and-citizenship-french Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 1 H-Environment Guadeloupe, to investigate how the metropole saw the Antilles fitting into the larger French Republic. He finds that contemporary reports stressed French camaraderie and the patriotic duty of those on the continent when helping their fellow French citizens in the West Indies. The chapter also touches on the political aspects of donation relief, secularization, and the public education system. He uses GIS to make an argument about Lorraine, the region that donated the most aid relief per capita, claiming they did so as a way to prove their allegiance to the French Republic. He compares the Antillean fires with a mainland coalmine collapse to demonstrate the similarities between responses to the “exotic” West Indies and lower-class French coal miners. The third chapter takes an in-depth look at the devastating hurricane of August 18, 1891, one of Martinique’s deadliest until the twentieth century. Church uses this disaster to discuss the “calculus of human suffering and colonial belonging” the metropole undertook when estimating monetary relief for those affected (p. 119). With metropolitan bureaucrats untrusting of mulatto government officials, continental inspectors calculated themselves the minimum required aid needed to restart the local economy in a way that would let the islanders “help themselves.” In opposition to the stingy inspectors’ report, Martinique officials argued for relief similar to what official departments received, based on a shared French heritage and loyalty. Chapter 4 examines arson activity in Guadeloupe and related arson and general strike in Martinique in 1900. Church argues that the strike caused the island administrations and metropolitan government to address both the islands’ more extensive financial situations and racial and class divisions. However, the strike took place within a broader labor movement in France, indicating a robust Antillean connection to the metropole. Political disagreements over the origination of the strike and the local administration’s response carried up to Paris’s ongoing debates. There they added to the central government’s existing argument over labor politics, pushing some representatives to physical blows. This chapter aims to contribute to the broader French historiography and argues that omitting the Antilles in French history leaves out essential parts of the narrative. The fifth chapter focuses on the 1902 Mount Pelée eruption and its devastating effects on the island of Martinique. Not only did the eruption cement the idea of the tropics as a hostile place, but it also brought up again the question of the Antilles’ relationship with continental France. The disaster was understood as a national disaster, one affecting all Frenchmen, but the central government’s actions were the same colonial responses of previous catastrophes. The interest in law, order, and the economy overshadowed the humanitarian needs of the island’s population, and the bulk of relief aid went to elite, usually white, islanders who needed it least. In the epilogue, Church continues the story of the Antilleans and disasters, but this time placing the West Indians in France during World War I. It was during their wartime service to the metropole that French Antilleans solidified their character as Frenchmen. French commanders treated Antillean soldiers as equals in ways that those from other colonies were not, and, despite racist experiences, they were able to demonstrate the loyalty and patriotism that all Antilleans had for their “mother country.” Fallen soldiers from Guadeloupe and Martinique were even included in the Pantheon in Paris, showing their complete integration into the French Republic and foreshadowing the French Antilles’ acceptance as full departments in 1946. Citation: H-Net Reviews. Peterson on Church, 'Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean'. H- Environment. 10-23-2020. https://networks.h-net.org/node/19397/reviews/6629652/peterson-church-paradise-destroyed-catastrophe-and-citizenship-french Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 2 H-Environment For a work that relies heavily on the environment as an initiator of action, this study is distinctly not an environmental history. That does not mean that Church does not do an excellent job explaining the background and frequency of hurricanes or demonstrating the devastation each had on Guadeloupe and Martinique. Instead, the environment is not one of the main focuses of the story. It is used mainly as a “plot device” to uncover the political and social tensions that existed just below colonial French society’s surface. In this way, his use of disasters is masterful, although I do wish he would have elaborated on how other aspects of the environment played a part in some situations. For instance, the fires’ description in chapter 4 includes a brief sentence on a severe drought that took place leading up to the strike: Did the drought make fires easier to start than usual? Are there other instances of drought and frequent fires that did not become the center of politics? Did this drought make the catastrophic fires seem more sinister than would be assumed in other years? Church mentions the connection between arson and slave resistance briefly as well, so it would be interesting to know if environmental knowledge of the best time to start fires or proper conditions were passed down or forgotten as generations passed.Paradise Destroyed focuses on politics and social connections, so it is understandable that he passed over some environmental nuances. However, these discussions of environmental knowledge could have supported the “acclimatization” of French Antilleans. There is also some frequent repetition within the book but not enough to turn the reader off from the rest of the prose. The extensive archival work, including work in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and mainland France, contributes to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Working with the Diaspora for Development Policy Perspectives from India
    CARIM INDIA – DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR POLICYMAKING ON INDIA-EU MIGraTION Co-financed by the European Union Working with the Diaspora for Development Policy Perspectives from India Alwyn Didar Singh CARIM-India Research Report 2012/25 © 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be distributed, quoted or reproduced in any form without permission from the CARIM-India Project. CARIM-India Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration Research Report Thematic Paper CARIM-India RR 2012/25 Working with the Diaspora for Development Policy Perspectives from India Alwyn Didar Singh Former Secretary Govt. of India, New Delhi © 2012, European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] If cited or quoted, reference should be made as follows: Alwyn Didar Singh, Working with the Diaspora for Development – Policy Perspectives from India, CARIM-India RR 2012/25, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute, 2012. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION CANNOT IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BE REGARDED AS THE OFFICIAL POSITION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy http://www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ http://www.india-eu-migration.eu/publications/ http://cadmus.eui.eu CARIM-India – Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration This project is co-financed by the European Union and carried out by the EUI in partnership with the Indian Council of Overseas Employment, (ICOE), the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Association, (IIMB), and Maastricht University (Faculty of Law).
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Patterns of Migration and Settlement in Britain, France and the Netherlands
    THE CARIBBEAN IN EUROPE: CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT IN BRITAIN, FRANCE AND THE NETHERLANDS by Ceri Peach Research Paper in Ethnic Relations No.15 Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations October 1991 University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL Dr Ceri Peach is Lecturer in Geography at the University of Oxford and Fellow of St Catherine's College. He has published extensively on migration movments, urban segregation and social interaction. Mel Thompson is the editor of the Research Papers in Ethnic Relations Series. The aim of this series is to publish papers based on research carried out at the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations at the Univerity of Warwick. It will also publish papers from external authors, and the editor welcomes manuscripts from other writers and researchers (including research students) working in the field of race and ethnic relations. The main emphasis of the series will be on original research that will be of interest and relevance for students of race and ethnic relations and for those implementing equal opportunity and anti- racist policies. Acknowledgment This work is based in part on research carried out under ESRC grant R0023 2777. Thanks are due to Philip Ogden and S. E. Condon for permission to quote extensively from the unpublished papers referenced in the text. Thanks are due also to Hans van Amersfoort for permission to reproduce two maps of the distribution of Surinamese population in Amsterdam. THE CARIBBEAN IN EUROPE There are at least two books which include the idea of the Caribbean in Europe in their titles (Lamur and Speckmann 1978; Brock, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Indians As French Citizens in Colonial Indochina, 1858-1940 Natasha Pairaudeau
    Indians as French Citizens in Colonial Indochina, 1858-1940 by Natasha Pairaudeau A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of London School of Oriental and African Studies Department of History June 2009 ProQuest Number: 10672932 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672932 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This study demonstrates how Indians with French citizenship were able through their stay in Indochina to have some say in shaping their position within the French colonial empire, and how in turn they made then' mark on Indochina itself. Known as ‘renouncers’, they gained their citizenship by renoimcing their personal laws in order to to be judged by the French civil code. Mainly residing in Cochinchina, they served primarily as functionaries in the French colonial administration, and spent the early decades of their stay battling to secure recognition of their electoral and civil rights in the colony. Their presence in Indochina in turn had an important influence on the ways in which the peoples of Indochina experienced and assessed French colonialism.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 1
    South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 1 | 2007 Migration and Constructions of the Other Aminah Mohammad-Arif and Christine Moliner (dir.) Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/195 DOI: 10.4000/samaj.195 ISSN: 1960-6060 Publisher Association pour la recherche sur l'Asie du Sud (ARAS) Electronic reference Aminah Mohammad-Arif and Christine Moliner (dir.), South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 1 | 2007, « Migration and Constructions of the Other » [Online], Online since 16 October 2007, connection on 06 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/195 ; DOI:10.4000/ samaj.195 This text was automatically generated on 6 May 2019. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. Migration and Constructions of the Other: Inter-Communal Relationships amongst South Asian Diasporas Aminah Mohammad-Arif and Christine Moliner The Volatility of the ‘Other’: Identity Formation and Social Interaction in Diasporic Environments Laurent Gayer Redefining Boundaries? The Case of South Asian Muslims in Paris’ quartier indien Miniya Chatterji Frères ennemis? Relations between Panjabi Sikhs and Muslims in the Diaspora Christine Moliner The Paradox of Religion: The (re)Construction of Hindu and Muslim Identities amongst South Asian Diasporas in the United States Aminah Mohammad-Arif Working for India or against Islam? Islamophobia in Indian American Lobbies Ingrid Therwath South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal,
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSCRIPT Nitin Palan
    TRANSCRIPT Nitin Palan - Golden Tours Foundation Nitin Palan is a highly successful entrepreneur who is the founder of the Golden Tours Company, which has been in existence for around thirty years and has been synonymous with tourism in the heart of London. From the success of the company, Nitin Palan has set up the Golden Tours Foundation to ‘give back’ to the communities it serves. Nitin Palan holds several executive roles in addition to his Nitin has been in the forefront to help develop work with Golden Tours. This includes Directorships of BAPS Charities, Diwali in London and Hindu Christian Forum. He is also the National Coordinator for BAPS Interfaith Department which do extensive social action projects in the UK for better community relations and wellbeing. He is passionate about socially innovative ideas that help education the younger generations. His current projects include various educational and development projects in Indian and the UK, as well as the contribution of Indian soldiers during the First World War commemorations. Good morning, Namaste, My name is Nitin Palan came to this country in 1971, from East Africa and I am Hindu practitioner. Two years ago I met with Warwick Hawkins and he suggested that there was the potential for a project about the Indian soldier’s contribution in World War I, I said “what! I was unaware Indian soldiers were involved in WW1”. Over the last five years one thing that I have learnt is that there is a need for young people to understand about each other’s culture, what I have learn from my spiritual master is that ‘the real education is education about the heart’.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement and Migration, from Empire to Nation States : 1833-1952 Radhika Singha the Minimum Required Reading Is One Book and Three Articles Or Five Articles
    Movement and Migration, from empire to nation states : 1833-1952 Radhika Singha The minimum required reading is one book and three articles or five articles. Choose from the readings below Make creative use of primary material and contemporary commentary from the internet. Attendance at tutorial discussions is compulsoryPlagiarism will be heavily penalized. Fifty percent of the evaluation for two written assignments, and fifty percent for the end- semester examination. Readings not located in the library will be provided through photostats / pdf . MAPS: Schwartzberg J.E. ed. Historical atlas of South Asia DSA-2069; or Times Atlas of world history JNU, map room ( scanned maps are also sent) Movement and migration: from empire to nation states in South Asia, 1833-1952 This paper examines population mobility and the process of border- making to encourage the student to think about the spatial frames in which we write history. How are the geographical, political or social spaces we demarcate constituted as objects of study. What are the ways in which population mobility can complicate these demarcations. The student is introduced to the scholarship on trans-national or connected history, which draws our attention to processes which cut across political boundaries This literature has addressed the problem of Eurocentrism in world history by drawing attention to the multiple sites from which globally significant changes emerge. At the same time spatial differences in the distribution of power, the unevenness of global forces, and their specific forms at particular locations have to be kept in the picture. Borders and mobility have to be studied together, so too spatial connections and disconnections.
    [Show full text]
  • The India-Australia Relationship, 1858-1901
    Introduction: India, Australia and Empire This thesis studies the ways in which the colonial governments of India and Australia were connected between 1857 and 1901. The thesis examines the ways in which the governments communicated, the functioning of the power relationship between them, and the ways in which they cooperated with and aided one another. Numerous examples of disagreements and tension are discussed. Throughout, I examine the perceptions that underpinned the relationship between the two colonial governments, which were reflected in language, symbolism and culture. By performing an analysis of discourse, a far deeper understanding of the relationship can be achieved than by solely examining events or results. This study is the first to examine the relationship between India and Australia in this way. Considering these questions enables us to test the extent and nature of India‟s power in the British empire and to understand both Australia‟s position within the empire and the relationship between the two colonies. As there was a vast traffic of communication and goods travelling between Britain, India and Australia, I will focus solely on interactions between governments and government departments. There are many examples of familial and financial connections between India and Australia, but they are too numerous to cover in any appropriate amount of detail.1 Analysis of governmental sources from India and the Australian colonies enables examination of the specific power relationship between India and the Australian colonies in a way that has not yet been done. Re-Centring Empire The perspective of this thesis borrows from some recent works on India‟s role in the British empire.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Colonial Encounters during the First World War The Experience of Troops from New Zealand, South Africa and the West Indies Maguire, Anna Mary Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 Colonial Encounters during the First World War: The Experience of Troops from New Zealand, South Africa and the West Indies Anna Maguire Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy King’s College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldiers of Empire: Indian Sepoys in and Beyond the Imperial Metropole
    SOLDIERS OF EMPIRE INDIAN SEPOYS IN AND BEYOND THE IMPERIAL METROPOLE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914-1919 A dissertation presented by Andrew Tait Jarboe to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts April, 2013 1 SOLDIERS OF EMPIRE INDIAN SEPOYS IN AND BEYOND THE IMPERIAL METROPOLE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914-1919 by Andrew Tait Jarboe ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate School of Social Sciences & Humanities of Northeastern University April, 2013 2 Abstract In late 1914, the British Empire deployed Indian soldiers (called sepoys) to Europe in a desperate bid to halt the advancing German army and thereby save the Empire. Although a variety of studies have explored the subject of Indian soldiers in Europe, few venture beyond their military contributions to the situation on the Western Front. In contrast, I devote considerable attention to the more ―intimate frontiers‖ of the British and German Empires, especially British hospitals for wounded sepoys and German prison camps where captured sepoys were detained. Comparison of the policy and practice of British and German military authorities, vis-à-vis Indian soldiers, is therefore one contribution of this work. I argue that tactical, military considerations and imperial concerns – namely, protecting racial hierarchies and the loyalty of Indian troops – shaped the experiences of sepoys in Europe. Yet this study does more than look at top- down approaches to Indian sepoys during the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Theorising Return Migration
    CARIM INDIA – DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR POLICYMAKING ON INDIA-EU MIGRATION Co-fi nanced by the European Union Indians in France: an increasingly diverse population Leonard Williams CARIM-India Research Report 2013/30 © 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be distributed, quoted or reproduced in any form without permission from the CARIM-India Project. CARIM-India Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration Research Report Country Report CARIM-India RR2013/30 Indians in France: an increasingly diverse population Leonard Williams Postgraduate student, Université de Poitiers © 2013, European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] If cited or quoted, reference should be made as follows: Leonard Williams, Indians in France: an increasingly diverse population, CARIM-India RR 2013/30, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute, [year of publication]. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION CANNOT IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BE REGARDED AS THE OFFICIAL POSITION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy http://www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ http://www.india-eu-migration.eu/publications/ http://cadmus.eui.eu CARIM-India – Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration This project is co-financed by the European Union and carried out by the EUI in partnership with the Indian Council of Overseas Employment, (ICOE), the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Association, (IIMB), and Maastricht University (Faculty of Law).
    [Show full text]
  • Sikhism in France: Challenges and Innovative Practices
    Vol 6, Number 7, July 2020 ISSN- 2454-3675 July 2020 Global Research Forum on Diaspora and Transnationalism67 Sikhism in France: challenges and innovative practices Shubhra Kukreti Research Monograph Series GRFDT Research Monograph 67, Vol 6, Number 7, July 2020 1 GRFDT Research Monograph Series GRFDT brings out Research Monograph series every month since January 2015. The Research Mono- graph covers current researches on Diaspora and International Migration issues. All the papers pub- lished in this research Monograph series are peer reviewed. There is no restriction in free use of the material in full or parts. However user must duly acknowledge the source. Editorial Board Dr. Anjali Sahay Associate Professor, International Relations and Political Science at Gannon University, Pennsylvania, USA Dr. Ankur Datta Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, South Asian University, New Delhi Dr. Els van Dongen Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological university, Singapore Dr. Evans Stephen Osabuohien Dept. of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Nigeria Prof. Guofu LIU School of Law, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Dr. Kumar Mahabir The University of Trinidad and Tobago, Corinth Teachers College, UTT Dr. M. Mahalingam Research Fellow, Centre For Policy Analysis, New Delhi Dr. Nandini C. Sen Associate Professor, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, New Delhi Dr. Nayeem Sultana Associate Professor, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Dr. Ned Bertz Assistant Professor of History, University of Hawaii Dr. Raj Bardouille Migration and Development Researcher, Centre for Refugee Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada Dr. Smita Tiwary Research Fellow, Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi Dr. Veena Sharma Independent Scholar on Diaspora, New Delhi Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recruitment of Colonial Troops in Africa and Asia and Their Deployment in Europe During the First World War
    Koller, C (2008). The recruitment of colonial troops in Africa and Asia and their deployment in Europe during the First World War. Immigrants and Minorities, 26(1/2):111-133. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Immigrants and Minorities 2008, 26(1/2):111-133. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2008 The recruitment of colonial troops in Africa and Asia and their deployment in Europe during the First World War Koller, C Koller, C (2008). The recruitment of colonial troops in Africa and Asia and their deployment in Europe during the First World War. Immigrants and Minorities, 26(1/2):111-133. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Immigrants and Minorities 2008, 26(1/2):111-133. The Recruitment of Colonial Troops in Africa and Asia and their Deployment in Europe during the First World War Christian Koller The impact of the First World War on the colonies was profound and many-sided.1 A conflict that began in the Balkans turned into a general European war in July and August 1914, and then took on extra-European dimensions, particularly as some of the belligerent states ranked as the most important colonial powers globally. After the outbreak of the war, there was immediate fighting in several parts of the world as Great Britain, France, Belgium and Japan as well as the British dominions Australia, New Zealand and South Africa attacked the German colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.
    [Show full text]