Church Statement Dismisses Dna Challenges to Book
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72-79_News.qxd 1/7/2004 1:00 PM Page 72 SUNSTONE UPDATE CHURCH STATEMENT DISMISSES DNA In recent years, some LDS scholars, including many associ- CHALLENGES TO BOOK OF MORMON ated with the BYU-affiliated Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS), have proposed that the Book of MORE THAN A year after DNA evidence was first used to chal- Mormon is a record of God’s dealings with inhabitants of a rel- lenge the notion that Native Americans are descended from atively small geographical area rather than the whole American Book of Mormon peoples who migrated from the Middle East, continent. This limited-geography hypothesis diverges from LDS leaders have issued a 125-word press release reaffirming the teachings of Joseph Smith and Church leaders through the the Book of Mormon’s historicity and dismissing DNA evidence years as well as from the official introduction to the Book of against it. Mormon, which states that the Lamanites “are the principal “Recent attacks on the veracity of the Book of Mormon ancestors of the American Indians.” However, the small-popu- based on DNA evidence are ill considered,” reads the state- lation, limited-geography model seems to have become the ment. Referring to DNA findings that support long-held schol- Church’s current default position about Book of Mormon peo- arly theories that indigenous North and South American peo- ples and events. ples came from Asia, the statement continues: “Nothing in the Perhaps sensing a need to begin a doctrinal reframing that Book of Mormon precludes migration into the Americas by preserves ties to traditional teachings, LDS biologists D. Jeffrey peoples of Asiatic origin” and adds that “the scientific issues re- Meldrum and Trent D. Stephens write in one of the articles lating to DNA . are numerous and complex.” Then, in a sur- cited by the Church’s press release that it is quite likely prising move, the statement directs “those interested in a more scholars may never find genetic markers for the children of detailed analysis of those issues” to four articles in the recent Lehi. Instead, they argue, the concept of Lehite lineage might issue of Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Vol. 12, no. 1, 2003) best be understood as the Abrahamic covenant, which “has and an eighty-page treatment of the subject by well-known less to do with genetics and more to do with the transmission LDS Internet apologist, Jeffrey D. Lindsay (see <www.jeff- from one generation to the next of spiritual blessings and op- lindsay.com/LDSFAQ/DNA.shtml>.) portunities that transcend bloodlines.” “We propose that the The DNA and the Book of Mormon controversy emerged in children of Lehi are the leaven of the Abrahamic covenant in 2002 when Mormon anthropologist Thomas W. Murphy pub- the New World,” they write, “unlikely to be detected by ge- lished an essay citing several DNA studies whose findings about netic analysis of modern New World inhabitants.” the genetic characteristics of indigenous Americans challenge The next issue of SUNSTONE will contain an extended treat- traditional LDS notions that Native Americans are descended ment of these recent challenges to Book of Mormon historicity from Israelites. According to Murphy, archaeological, linguistic, and emerging hypotheses that suggest new directions for and DNA evidence point to Asia rather than Israel for the origin study. of Native Americans (See SUNSTONE, Dec. 2002, 73). In a January 2003 lecture at BYU, biology professor Michael LDS OFFICIALS RESPOND TO Whiting proposed at least two genetic theories that could ac- ACCUSATIONS OF “SOUL-BUYING” count for the loss of Semitic genetic markers among Native American populations. In an inter- IN A 5 DECEMBER press release, LDS officials characterized as view with SUNSTONE, Murphy re- “absurd” allegations that the Church is buying the names of sponded to questions about Whiting’s deceased Russian Orthodox individuals in order to baptize alternatives by claiming that for his them in LDS temples. The statement comes two weeks after the theories about gene flow and genetic Moscow Observer ran a story with the headline, “Russians drift to work, “the same chance events Fume as Mormons ‘Buy Souls.’” would have had to happen indepen- The story focuses on a town east of Moscow where the dently, multiple times (since the Book Church has paid ten U.S. cents for each page containing thou- of Mormon describes three separate sands of names of deceased people, dating mostly from the late migrations: Jaredites, Lehites, and eighteenth century, to be put on microfilm. According to the Michael Whiting Mulekites) and would involve the ex- Observer, the Russian Orthodox Church “has expressed its tinction of hundreds of different genetic markers.” outrage at what it claims is a Mormon scheme to buy up the Seeing the controversy as an opportunity to discredit the names of dead Russians in order to baptize ‘dead souls into Book of Mormon and win Latter-day Saint souls for Christ, an their faith.’” evangelical group called Living Hope Christian Ministries re- “Obviously we can’t approve the practice,” says Father leased in March 2003 a video titled DNA vs. The Book of Joseph, a spokesman for the Russian Orthodox Church in Mormon. “We are fighting for the truth as is shown in God’s New York. “It takes away the most essential gift God has given Word, the Bible,” reads the group’s site at <http://www.mor- people, their freedom. It turns religion into magic.” monchallenge.com>. “And we are fighting for, not against, the Rather than explaining the LDS doctrine of baptism for the people who are held in deception.” dead, the LDS response focuses on the value of preserving old PAGE 72 DECEMBER 2003 72-79_News.qxd 1/7/2004 1:00 PM Page 73 SUNSTONE People Deceased. With great sadness, SUNSTONE notes the passing of longtime friend, supporter, and symposium participant JAY BELL, who died 18 December after being struck by a car. Jay is fondly remembered for his pas- sion for learning, his friendli- ness toward all people, and his unfailing good humor. Despite being completely blind in one Mitchell and Barzee reference could significantly increase de- eye and legally blind in the mand and the book’s price, especially in the short run. “My other, Jay’s avocation was reading, and he was a tireless re- sense is it may soon sell for $100 or more, but it is hard to searcher. Jay not only played a key role in advancing predict whether the spike in demand and price will be per- Mormon research on various doctrinal and historical issues manent.” (see, for instance, his article “The Windows of Heaven Revisited: The 1899 Tithing Reformation,” Journal of Mormon Appointed. Renowned LDS naturalist and writer TERRY History, Spring 1994), but was also one of Mormonism’s TEMPEST WILLIAMS has been named as the first Annie greatest networkers, always helping friends connect with Clark Tanner Fellow at the University others working on similar projects. He will be greatly missed. of Utah. During her three-year ap- For the past several years, Jay had been working on a mas- pointment with the department of en- sive project to document gay and lesbian Mormon experi- vironmental studies, which starts next ence and official LDS attitudes toward homosexuality. Four fall, Williams will bring light to envi- days following his death, Affirmation: Gay and Lesbian ronmental issues and moderate a se- Mormons announced the creation of the Jay Bell Fund to ries of naturalist lectures. support research that combats intolerance and preserves “I was hungry for a program that GLBT Mormon history. To learn more about the fund, visit focused on the integration of both sci- <www.affirmation.org/jaybellfund>. ence and the humanities,” says Williams, who has written twelve books. “My priority now, Discovered. A photo and brief biographical information as a writer and resident of this state, is to inspire, expose, and about alleged Elizabeth Smart kidnappers BRIAN DAVID educate the next generation as to the importance of an ethics MITCHELL and WANDA BARZEE have recently been dis- of place.” covered in an unusual place—a book celebrating the one- hundredth anniversary of the Salt Lake Temple. The Salt Lake Sentenced. JOSÉ BASILIO, 50, has been sentenced to six Temple: A Centennial Book of Remembrance, 1893–1993 was months probation for an amended charge of disturbing the privately published by the Church in 1993. More than half peace. Basilio was originally charged with assaulting an anti- the book features photographs of temple workers at the time Mormon preacher who was desecrating a temple garment in of publication, as well as a listing of every worker since 1893. front of General Conference-goers (see SUNSTONE, Oct. Mitchell and Barzee (listed as Brian Mitchell and Wanda 2003, 74). According to a Deseret Morning News story, Mitchell) appear on page 196. “Basilio’s arrest sparked an angry outcry from many LDS fol- Although the book has always been somewhat scarce, re- lowers who hailed him as a hero.” Sympathizers from all over tailing in the used book market at $35–$50, Curt Bench, the country sent letters and donations, helping him post owner of Benchmark Books, says the discovery of the $2,000 bail. records. “The [Observer’s] coverage has been disappointing antiquity.” In a slightly more doctrinally oriented statement, because it inadequately explains and mischaracterizes not not included in the release, Christofferson explains, “Surely no only our religious practice but also our cooperative records one believes this practice forces a change in religious identity preservation work,” says Elder D. Todd Christofferson, execu- of any soul, living or dead. We certainly do not claim that.” tive director of the Church’s Family and Church History In the past, the Church has been criticized for microfilming Department.