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7Th Semester Project

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7Th Semester Project The arrival sequence in cruise tourism and its influence in relation to tourists’ distribution at the destination A case study of Copenhagen Hand in date: 15th December 2017 Number of keystrokes: 196046 Supervisor: Dianne Dredge Authors’ names: Diána Lilla Szabó Vipada Espensen Edgar Valdivieso Vytautas Osvaldas Ivanauskas Marius-Andrei Gyorgyicze Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER 1 - PROJECT’S INTRODUCTORY ELEMENTS ..................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Subject choice justification ................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Literature gap ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 The aim of the project ........................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Research questions ............................................................................................................... 8 1.6 Project’s structure ................................................................................................................. 9 1.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction to literature review chapter ........................................................................... 11 2.2 Cruise tourism ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Cruise tourism industry growth .......................................................................................... 13 2.4 Cruise tourism market ......................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Stakeholders in cruise tourism ............................................................................................ 19 2.5.1. Ownership and the business communities ................................................................. 19 2.5.2 Governance, municipalities and tourism organizations ............................................... 20 2.5.3 The local communities .................................................................................................. 20 2.6 Arrival Sequence ................................................................................................................. 20 2.7 Wayfinding .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.8 Cruise Passenger Distribution ............................................................................................. 23 2.9 Baltic Sea cruise tourism and its main destination - Copenhagen ...................................... 24 2.10 Literature review summary ............................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Introduction to methodology chapter ................................................................................ 32 3.2 Methodological perspective ................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Knowledge co-creation theory ............................................................................................ 34 3.4 Inductive approach and adapted grounded theory ............................................................ 36 3.5 Primary data collection ....................................................................................................... 39 3.5.1 Netnography ................................................................................................................. 39 2 3.5.2 Observation method..................................................................................................... 43 3.5.3 Semi-structured interviews .......................................................................................... 45 3.6 Secondary data collection ................................................................................................... 46 3.7 Validity ................................................................................................................................. 47 3.8 Reliability ............................................................................................................................. 48 3.9 Created data - mapping ....................................................................................................... 49 3.10 Summary of the methodology chapter ............................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 4 – ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 52 4.1 Introduction to analysis chapter ......................................................................................... 52 4.2 Defining arrival sequence .................................................................................................... 52 4.3 Identification and analysis of factors that could affect arrival sequence ........................... 52 4.3.1 Identification of arrival sequence’s factors according to literature review ................. 52 4.3.2 Identification of arrivals sequence’s factors according to data collection .................. 53 4.3.3 Analysis of the elements which could influence arrival sequence ............................... 54 4.4 Analyzing the relationship between the arrival sequence’s elements and the distribution at the destination ...................................................................................................................... 63 4.5 Identification and analysis of factors that could affect tourists’ distribution .................... 73 4.5.1 Factors which could affect the distribution as detected in the literature review and the data collection ................................................................................................................. 73 4.5.2 Factors which could influence the distribution based on the data collection ............. 85 4.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 90 Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS and LIMITATIONS .......................................... 94 5.1 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 94 5.2 Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 96 5.3 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 98 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 100 5.2.4 Research Question 4 - Whose information do tourists use to navigate in the destination? 5.3 Limitations 5.4 Recommendations 3 ABSTRACT Even though some scholars have attempted to analyze various aspects which can impact tourists’ distribution at a destination, no study examines the arrival sequence as one of these influencing factors. Therefore, this project aimed to contribute to the specialty literature by creating a definition for the arrival sequence term, by identifying the elements which affect it, as well as the relationship between the arrival sequence and the visitors’ distribution at a destination. Moreover, other elements than arrival sequence were determined and discussed with the purpose to detect if they also have an impact on the distribution of tourists at the destination. The data used in this project was qualitative, as the observation method, semi-structured interviews and netnography helped in gathering the missing information. In addition, knowledge co-creation theory, inductive approach and adapted grounded theory justify the application of the group members’ own knowledge in completing the gaps of the literature and in executing the analysis. As the results showed, the information offered onboard and at the port, the location of pier and the way tourists explore a destination (either independently or with a shore excursion) have a high degree of impact upon the arrival sequence. However, when the same elements were analyzed in relation to the distribution at the destination, the aboard and at the port available information was not found to be such a strong influencing factor. The analysis of other factors in regard to the distribution of visitors at the destination, revealed that infrastructure (particularly, transportation), tourists’ familiarity with the destination, technologies and information used for navigation in the destination, the aspect of shore excursions and the role of the port within a tourists’ itinerary (port of call or turnaround port), play a key part in affecting tourists’ movement pattern
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