South Australia Wine Cluster
HARVARD UNIVERSITY The South Australian Wine Cluster Microeconomics of Competitiveness Andrew Nipe Anna York Dennis Hogan Jonathan Faull Yasser Baki 7 May 2010 Prof. Michael E. Porter, Microeconomics of Competitiveness, Harvard Business School 1 Executive Summary Australia has historically benefitted from economic growth premised on its rich natural endowments, despite its relative isolation from Old World markets. While service-related sectors have emerged as growing portions of the economy, commodities continue to comprise a disproportionate fraction of the economy relative to OECD averages. A series of economic reforms enacted between 1983-96 opened a comparatively protected economy to international competition, with significant gains to labour productivity and international trade. Despite attempts to revive structural reforms, political impasse and continued economic growth premised on endowments, have thwarted further reform. It is argued that Australia must address its consistently inflexible labour markets, declining labour productivity, comparatively low rates of innovation, and an increasing skills misalignment relative to demand to lift the country onto higher development path. South Australia is Australia’s fifth largest economy, correlated with its fifth largest population. Through the course of the twentieth century, the state’s economy transitioned from one premised on agriculture and extraction, to manufacturing. While the state remains the national breadbasket, this report argues that the state must address labour productivity rates below that of the national average, a skills misalignment, the lack of collaboration across the value chain, and the potentially devastating effects on agriculture on the part of climate change, to mitigate weaknesses and improve regional competitiveness. The South Australian wine cluster constitutes the largest producer and exporter of wines in Australia.
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