Bike Share Near Parks Report June 29, 2018
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Bike Share Near Parks Report June 29, 2018 Local Law 180 of 2017 requires the NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to study the installation of bike share near parks. This report contains an overview of New York City’s bike share system, Citi Bike, details how the program works, the planning and technical processes through which bike share station sites are selected, the potential usage of bike share near parks, and the regulatory and contractual barriers to installing bike share stations near parks. For the purposes of this report, the following terms are defined in Local Law 180 of 2017: The term ”bike share” means a 24-hour transportation network of self-service bicycles for shared use within the city of New York under a contract between the city of New York and an operator that provides for automated payment for the use of such bicycles. The term “parks” means all parks under the jurisdiction of the department of parks and recreation equal to or greater than one acre that include an active recreational or athletic amenity. Citi Bike Program Purpose and Overview Bike share is an easy, affordable, and sustainable mode of transportation that allows users to make short, point-to-point trips using sturdy, publicly available bikes. New York City’s bike share program, Citi Bike, is a public-private partnership between the City of New York, represented by NYCDOT, and Motivate, a private company that owns and operates bike share systems around the country, via their local subsidiary New York City Bike Share, LLC (NYCBS). The Citi Bike program has been a great success with over 60 Million trips since the system’s launch in May 2013. With 12,000 bikes at 750 stations, Citi Bike is the largest docked bike share system in North America and routinely sees 70,000+ trips per day in good weather. As Mayor de Blasio said, “Bike share is now an essential part of our transportation system, and another way we’re making sure New Yorkers have many ways to get around town.” The Citi Bike program operates in three boroughs: Manhattan south of 130th Street, much of northwest Brooklyn, and western Queens (see Figure 1, below). Stations are distributed evenly throughout this service area to ensure the reliability and convenience of the program. Citi Bike’s primary purpose is as a transportation service rather than as a recreational amenity: bikes can be unlocked from one station and returned to any other station in the system, and are intended for short, one-way trips. Bike share increases mobility by complementing and filling the gaps in other transportation networks, extending the reach of transit, and is convenient for trips that are too far to walk, but too short for a taxi or the subway. The system is always available and operates 24/7/365. The average Citi Bike trip is less than 15 minutes long and Citi Bike riders are limited to either 30- or 45-minute trips depending on membership type. This helps to ensure that bikes are available for as many users as possible throughout the day. Citi Bikes can be kept out for longer rides, but additional fees beyond the 30 or 45 minute allowance will apply. Beginning in 2011 and continuing today, NYCDOT conducts an extensive participatory planning and outreach process for Citi Bike station siting. New Yorkers guide the process by submitting their ideas on the online suggestion map, participating in community workshops held throughout the service area, attending community board meetings, and through many meetings between NYCDOT and local stakeholders and civic organizations. NYCDOT greatly values elected official, community board, and community input and relies on it to guide the general emphasis for bike share station siting in different neighborhoods and to prioritize potential sites. In addition, all station sites are carefully reviewed to meet NYCDOT siting criteria. Bike share stations are placed in accordance to rigorous technical siting criteria that take many factors into account, including street and sidewalk width, and proximity to street furniture and underground utilities, among others. Stations must also have 24/7 public access. Bike Share and Parks Outside of the Citi Bike Service Area In general, Citi Bike stations are not located outside of the program’s service area and stand- alone stations to serve recreational amenities or recreational riding outside of the service area are not in keeping with the program’s purpose as a transportation service. In order to ensure that the Citi Bike remains a strong, convenient, and easy-to-use transportation option, the system relies on the network effects created by a consistent, high density of stations in the areas it serves. Figure 1 shows the Citi Bike service area and illustrates the density of stations within it. Station density is the key consideration in the selection of locations for bike share stations. Citi Bike relies on a dense network of stations distributed evenly across its service area for its utility as a point-A-to-point-B transportation system. This network includes commercial, recreational, and residential areas to ensure consistent access throughout the service area. Maintaining a density of 28 stations per square mile ensures that if a user is within the service area, a bike share station is typically within a 5 minute walk from where they are. Stand- alone stations at parks beyond the boundaries of the service area would violate these planning principles and would not likely be used as starting or ending points for A-to-B trips. The NYC Department of Parks and Recreation operates bicycle rental concessions at its parks where sufficient demand for recreational cycling exists. These concessions provide revenue to the Parks department and offer services tailored to recreational and touring cyclists, such as a variety of bikes including adult size, child size, and varying styles, including hybrids, road bikes, mountain bikes, tandem bikes, and child seats and child bike trailers offering greater flexibility for family recreational riding. These types of traditional rental concessions are better suited than bike share for persons cycling for purposes other than transportation near parks. While there are currently no plans to grow Citi Bike beyond the boundaries of its current service area, NYCDOT hopes to bring bike share to more communities in the future and is evaluating the latest technology developments in the bike share industry, including dockless bike share, which does not involve the installation of stations, to understand how the bike share can best serve more New Yorkers. Fig. 1: Map of Citi Bike service area Bike Share & Parks Inside of the Citi Bike Service Area Citi Bike provides transportation access to the majority of parks within its service area. There are 179 parks of one acre or greater in size within the Citi Bike service area, 126 of which have a bike share station within 500 feet. (See Figure 2.) Fifty-seven of these parks have a station either along the perimeter or just within the park’s boundary. Examined from the opposite perspective, 293 of the 750 total Citi Bike stations—nearly 40 percent—are within 500 feet of a park. One hundred stations are directly adjacent to or within NYC Parks property. These numbers demonstrate that NYCDOT considers parks to be important destinations for Citi Bike users. Additional information on Citi Bike stations near parks can be found in the Appendix. Fig. 2: Map of Citi Bike stations that are within 500’ of a park one acre or greater Appendix A. NYC Parks (one acre or greater) with a Citi Bike station within 500’ The following table lists the 126 parks that have a bike share station within 500’. It also shows the number of stations that are within 500’ of each park. Number of Comm Council Park Names stations Board District w/in 500' Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Malls 110 9 4 Albert J. Parham Playground 302 35 1 Alfred E. Smith Playground 103 1 1 Allen Mall One 103 1 4 Anchorage Plaza 302 33 2 Asphalt Green 108 5 1 Astoria Heights Park 401 22 1 Astoria Park 401 22 3 Baruch Playground 103 2 1 Battery Park City 101 1 5 Bellevue South Park 106 2 3 Blake Hobbs Playground 111 8 1 Booker T. Washington Playground 107 7 2 Bowling Green 101 1 1 Bridge Park 302 33 2 Broadway Malls 107, 109 6 19 Brooklyn Botanic Garden 309 35 3 Brooklyn Bridge Park 306 1,33 2 Brooklyn Heights Promenade 101 33 1 Bryant Park 105 4 4 Bushwick Inlet Park 301 33 2 Bushwick Playground 301 34 1 Cadman Plaza Park 302 33 1 Carl Schurz Park 108 5 2 Carroll Park 306 39 1 Central Park 164 6 20 Charlie's Place 303 36 1 Chelsea Park 104 3 4 City Hall Park 101 1 3 Classon Playground 302 35 1 Coffey Park 306 38 3 Coleman Playground 103 1 2 Columbus Park 302 33 4 Columbus Park 103 1 1 Commodore Barry Park 302 35 2 Corlears Hook Park 103 2 1 Corporal John A. Seravalli Playground 102 3 2 Cuyler Gore Park 302 35 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza 106 4 2 De Hostos Playground 301 33 1 De Witt Clinton Park 104 3 1 Dean Playground 308 35 2 Decatur Playground 303 36 2 Dry Dock Playground 103 2 3 Dutch Kills Playground 401 26 1 East River Playground 111 8 1 East River Walk 108 5 1 Eastern Parkway 308 35,41 5 Eleanor Roosevelt Playground 303 36 1 Ericsson Playground 301 33 1 Fort Greene Park 302 35 3 Grand Army Plaza 355 39 3 Greene Playground 302 35 1 Hallets Cove Playground 401 22 1 Hamilton Fish Park 103 2 2 Harlem River Park 111 8,9 1 Hattie Carthan Playground 303 36 1 Herbert Von King Park 303 36 2 Hillside Park 302 33 1 Hoyt Playground 401 22 2 Hudson Park 104 3 2 Hunter's Point South Park 402 26 1 J.J.