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Soil Resources Expedition in Western and Central Brazil

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Soil Resources Expedition in Western and Central Brazil World Soil Resources Reports 22 SOIL RESOURCES EXPEDITION IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL BRAZIL 24 June - 9 July 1965 SOIL MAP OF THE WORLD FAO/UNESCO PROJECT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION OCKEFELLER FOUNDATION - U.S. AID - GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL Also issued in this series: 1. Report of the First Meeting of the Advisory Panel on the Soil Map of the World, Rome, 19-23 June 1961. 2. Report of the First Meeting on Soil Survey, Correlation and Interpretation for Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 28-31 May 1962. 3. Report of the First Soil Correlation Seminar for Europe, Moscow. U.S.S.R.. 16-28 July 1962. 4. Report of the First Soil Correlation Seminar for South and Central Asia, Tashkent. Uzbek- istan, U.S.S.R.. 14 September-2 October 1962. 5- Report of the Fourth Session of the Working Party on Soil Classification and Survey (Sub- commission on Land and Water Use of the European Commission on Agriculture). Lisbon, Portugal. 6-10 March 1963. 6. Report of the Second Meeting of the Advisory Panel on the Soil Map of the World, Rome, 9-11 July 1963. 7. Report of the Second Soil Correlation Seminar for Europe, Bucharest, Romania, 29 July- 6 August 1963. 8. Report of the Third Meeting of the Advisory Panel on the Soil Map of the World. Paris, France, 3 January 1964. 9. Adequacy of Soil Sludies in Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru, November-December 1963. 10. Report on the Soils of Bolivia, January 1964. 11. Report on the Soils of Paraguay. January 1964. 12. Preliminary Definitions, Legend and Correlation Table for the Soil Map of the World, Rome, August 1964. 13. Report of the Fourth Meeting of the Advisory Panel on the Soil Map of the World, Rome, 18-21 May 1964. 14. Report of the Meeting on the Classification and Correlation of Soils from Volcanic Ash, Tokyo. Japan. 11-27 June 1964. 15. Report of the First Session of the Working Party on Soil Classification, Survey and Soil Resources (European Commission on Agriculture). Florence, Italy, 1-3 October 1964. 16. Detailed Legend for the Third Draft of the Soil Map of South America, June 1965. 17. Report of the First Meeting of Soil Correlation for North America. Mexico. 1-8 February 1965. 18. The Soil Resources of Latin America, October 1965. 19. Report of the Third Soil Correlation Seminar for Europe: Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, Yugoslavia, 29 August-22 September 1965. 20. Report of the Meeting of Rapporteurs. Soil Map of Europe (Working Party on Soil Classi- fication and Survey. European Commission on Agriculture), Bonn, Federal Republic of Ger- many, 29 November-3 December 1965. 21. Report of the Second Meeting on Soil Survey. Correlation and Interpretation for Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 13-16 July 1965. Cover photo by courtesy of Dr. J. Bennema, Netherlands. Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact soil.isridicBwur.nl indicating the item reference number concerned. SOIL RESOURCES EXPEDITION IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL BRAZIL 24 June - 9 July 1965 by Klaas Jan Beek and Jakob Bennema Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Rockefeller Foundation - U.S. AID - Government of Brazil Rome, 1966 MR/46880 302« CONTENTS Pajge Participants 1 Travel schedule 2 - 3 The objectives of the expedition 3 Organization and character of the expedition 4 7 How the fieldwork was carried out 7 About this report 8 - 9 Acknowledgements 9 - 10 Summary of soil associations 11 - 19 Fieldnotes 20 - 35 Climate 36 40 Evaluation of the soil resources for agricultural development 41-46 Soil Profiles 1-11 Soil Profile No,. 1 47 - 49 M it n 2 50 - 52 H M H 3 53 - 55 M II M 4 56 - 58 •t II II 5 59 - 61 n II II 6 62 - 64 H II II 7 65 - 67 M II ' II 8 68 - 70 II II II 9 71 - 73 II II II 10 74 - 75 II II II 11 76 - 77 Maps - 1) Area studiedI by the expedition 2) Climate 3) Vegetation 4) Topography- 5) Geology 6) Soil Associations 7) Soil Productivity 8) Soil Potentiality -1- Participants in the 1965 expedition were: Argentina Carlos R.O. Miaczyinski (INTA) Soils and Agriculture Pedro Etchevehere (INTA) Soils and Geology Brazil Waldemar Mendes (DPFS) Director Marcelo Nun e s Camargo (DPFS) Soil Correlator Chyoso Hirano (DPFS) Soil Survey Helio Pierantoni (DPFS) Soil Chemistry Raymundo Costa de Lemos (DPFS) Soil Survey Italo Falesi (IPEAN) Soil Survey Lucio Salgado Vieira (Universidade de Professor of Belem) Soils and Geology Francesco Palmiere (DPFS) Soil Survey Antonio Manuel Pires Filho (DPFS) Idare A. Gomes (DPFS) Gelson Rangel Lima (IBGE) Geographer and Geomorphology Dario de Souza Castelo (IBGE) Assistant Geographer Peru Carlos Zamora (ONERN) Soil Survey Surinam Walther Asin (Soil Survey Dept.) Soil Survey U.S.A. Francis Cleveland (US-AID) Soil Survey Interpretation Dirk van der Voet (US-AID) Aerial Photograph Interpretation Venezuela Justo Avilan Rovira (CIA) Soil Survey FAO Staff D. Luis Bramao Chief, World Soil Resources Office Jakob Bennema FAO Consultant(Soil Survey Institute) Clyde Applewhite FAO Soil Survey Expert Klaas Jan Beek FAO Associate Expert -2- The expedition also had the company of two reporter-cinematographers' Giorgio Fiaschitello, of the newspaper II Tempo and Benedito Toledo da Cruz, of the Agencia Nacional (Brazil), and of Mr. Jorge Pankov of the DNER in Porto Velho, who was in charge of expedition problems connected with road and bridge conditions, lodging and fuelling of the vehicles. The travel schedule was as follows: June 24 First participants arrived by road in Porto Velho (RO). June 25 Task force of 6 participants arrived in Rio Branco, (AC) by air. June 26 Field observations in Acre along the road Rio Branco - Vila Plâcida de Castro by task force. Delayed participants arrived from Cuiabâ in Porto Velho by air. June 27 Task force initiated field work along BR-29 from Rio Branco for approximately 21 km. The other participants examined profiles along the first 30 km. of BR-29 from Porto Velho in the direction of Abuna. June 28 Task force returned by air from Rio Branco to Porto Velho. Parties joined and examined soils in the area of the experimental station of IPEAN near Porto Velho. June 29 Expedition left Porto Velho in eastern direction along BR-29 Porto Velho- Seringal Nova Vida (257 km). June 30 Seringal Nova Vida - Rondonia (143 km). July 1 Rondonia - Riozinho (124 km). July 2 Riozinho - Vilhena (216 km). July 3 Vilhena - Pensclo AlemSo (Serra dos Parecis) (560 km). July 4 PensSo Alemäo - Cuiabâ (250 km). July 5 Cuiabâ- cars serviced. -3- July 6 Cuiaba-Rondonópolis (225 km). July 7 Rondonópolis - Jatai (494 km). July 8 Jatai - Goiânia - Brasilia (200 km) expedition ended. The objectives of the expedition were as follows: 1. To study the soils of Acre, Rondonia, Mato Grosso and Goiâs along the recently completed road,which provides an interesting cross-section of the area of western and central Brazil, a region of which practically nothing is known from the soils point of view. 2. To correlate the soils in this area with similar soils in other parts of Brazil or South America where these soils have been thoroughly studied. This correlation gives a better understanding of the soils and their classification, for which purpose soil samples were also taken. It also provides an important basis for the appraisal of soil resources of the area under consideration. For the latter purpose not only soil but also soil environment was studied, principally vegetation, topography, climate, geology and hydrology. 3. To separate the more promising areas from the soil angle for the development of agriculture from those areas where no satisfactory development of agriculture can be expected due to the limitations presented by the soil and/or soil environment. 4. To promote, discussions on genesis, classification, and the agricultural potential- ities of the soils between the participating scientists who represented nine different countries (Argentina, Brazil, Netherlands, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Surinam, United States and Venezuela). These discussions provided all the participants of the expedition with a better understanding which will prove to be useful for their soil investigations in the near future. 5. To obtain the necessary information for the improvement of the FAO-UNESCO Soil Map of South America, which was presented to the expedition in its third draft, and of which the latest revision will reach the publishing stage at the end of 1966. The results of the expedition are also supposed to benefit the Brazilian program of the Ministry of Agriculture which aims at the compilation of a reconnaissance soil map of Brazil, 1:500,000, and the US-AID, DPFS, Frontier Development Project which has started an exploratory soil survey of the western and central two thirds of Brazil. These three soil mapping projects of FAO/UNESCO MA and US-AID are being carried out in close co-operation. -4- Organization and character of the expedition I Former soil correlation trips organized by the WSRO of FAO covered groups of countries and correlation work was done mostly in regions where soil survey work had already been done before or was being carried out; e.g., Uruguay, Paraguay, South Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru.
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