DOCSLIB.ORG

The Exclusion of Non-Native Voters from a Final Plebiscite in Puerto Rico: Law and Policy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Exclusion of Non-Native Voters from a Final Plebiscite in Puerto Rico: Law and Policy University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 9-2010 The Exclusion of Non-Native Voters from a Final Plebiscite in Puerto Rico: Law and Policy Ramon Antonio Rodriguez University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Rodriguez, Ramon Antonio, "The Exclusion of Non-Native Voters from a Final Plebiscite in Puerto Rico: Law and Policy" (2010). Open Access Dissertations. 307. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/307 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EXCLUSION OF NON-NATIVE VOTERS FROM A FINAL PLEBISCITE IN PUERTO RICO: LAW AND POLICY A Dissertation Presented by RAMON ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ SUAREZ Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY September 2010 Political Science (c) Copyright by Ramon Antonio Rodriguez Suarez 2010 All Rights Reserved THE EXCLUSION OF NON-NATIVE VOTERS FROM A FINAL PLEBISCITE IN PUERTO RICO: LAW AND POLICY A Dissertation Presented by RAMON ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ SUAREZ Approved as to style and content by: ________________________ John Brigham, Chair ________________________ Roberto Alejandro, Member ________________________ Agustin Lao-Montes, Member _______________________________ John A. Hird, Chair Department of Political Science DEDICATION To my father Lorenzo O. Rodríguez who passed away before I concluded my PhD requirement and who always had faith in my desire and will to obtain my Ph.D. To my mother Nancy I. Suárez who throughout her life always showed me the value and power of education. Both served as a motivation and inspiration. ABSTRACT THE EXCLUSION OF NON-NATIVE VOTERS FROM A FINAL PLEBISCITE IN PUERTO RICO: LAW AND POLICY SEPTEMBER 2010 RAMON ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ SUAREZ, B.A., INTERAMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO M.A., SAINT JOHN‟S UNIVERISTY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: John Brigham U.S.-Puerto Rico relations have always been mystifying to countless U.S. citizens, due to inconsistent policies and judicial decisions from the United States. Puerto Ricans have no control over immigration yet immigrants can decide the future of the island nation. Puerto Rico is a nation under colonial rule. Paul R. Bras sustains the possibility of corporate recognition for the ethnic group as a separate nationality within an existing state evocative of the United States. The United States has treated Puerto Rico as a foreign country nevertheless at times as domestic. Under U.S. law and jurisprudence Puerto Rico is not part of the United States but rather the island is a possession. The electoral difference in plebiscites between the two major political parties is less than three percent. v Nonnative voters in the island can have the clout to decide the ultimate political status of the island. A key concern to the problem is who are considered nonnative voters in Puerto Rico. Non-native voters are those who have not been born in Puerto Rico nor have one of their parents born in the island. The exclusion is legally and politically achievable. There are many countries (ex. East Timor) in the world, former colonies (ex. Namibia), and previous U.S. territories (ex. Hawaii) that serve as examples of exclusion. Voting rights in plebiscites are determined by law. U.N. General Assembly Resolution 1514, states that all powers have to be in the hands of the people of Puerto Rico. International law and policies sustain that the future political status of colonies is to be determined by the nation. Puerto Rico lacks representation in the U.S. Government. When this happens the unrepresented become a separate nation. William Appelman Williams stated that “the principle of self determination when taken seriously … means a policy of standing aside for people to make their own choices, economic as well as political and cultural.” Under international law and policies of self-determination Puerto Rico can exclude non native voters. Judicial precedents make this point very comprehensible. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I. THE SETTING ........................................................................................................ 45 A. The Spanish Colony .................................................................................. 52 B. The American Colony ............................................................................... 65 1. Military Government ........................................................................... 66 2. Civil Government: The Foraker Act 1900-1917 .................................. 68 3. The Jones Act 1917 .............................................................................. 76 4. The Twenties and the Thirties .............................................................. 78 5. Luis Munoz Marin and the Populares .................................................. 79 II. NATION AND CITIZENSHIP .............................................................................. 85 A. The Legal Recognition of the Puerto Rican Identity for the Purpose of Voting in a Plebiscite ........................................................ 104 B. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 133 III. PUERTO RICAN CITIZENSHIP......................................................................... 135 A. The Origin of Puerto Rican Citizenship .................................................... 148 IV. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICIES ........................................................ 167 A. United Nations and Self Determination ..................................................... 171 B. Fundamental and Procedural Requisite in the Exercise of Self Determination ................................................................................ 184 C. Decolonization ........................................................................................... 194 D. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 204 vii V. NATIONALISM AND COMMONWEALTH ...................................................... 208 A. Role of History ........................................................................................... 208 B. Assessment of Commonwealth .................................................................. 211 VI. EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION ........................................................................ 221 A. Introduction ............................................................................................... 221 B. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 231 VII. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 234 BIBILIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 245 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Autonomy Related Proposal ................................................................................... 239 ix INTRODUCTION Puerto Rico today is positioned in the minds of many U.S. mainland citizens and others as a tropical island, sunny beaches, baseball, boxing, and home to five Miss Universe, home of Ricky Martin, the ethnic background of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor Baez and numerous other descriptions. Still others know that the island is somewhere in the Caribbean Sea, with a somewhat confused political relationship with the United States. In most American textbooks, it is a footnote, when the territories acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War are mentioned. Textbooks in American politics are normally limited to discussing the federal sphere of political action and that of the fifty states, excluding the territories and Puerto Rico. Even in the Universities, lectures in American politics exclude the island totally. So, it‟s no coincidence that even people with higher education do not have a clue about the political, social and economic relations of Puerto Rico with the United States. The island is more than a vacation site or a footnote in a book. It is also the home to approximately 4.0 million American citizens1 and the spiritual home for another 4.0 million Puerto Ricans residing in the continental United States.2 Moreover, it is a political unit of unusual status that raises difficult questions about the meaning of nation, citizenship, voting rights, constitutionalism, autonomy, independence and other important political concepts. Puerto Rico and its sui-generis relationship with the United States deserve a closer attention by American politics experts. 1 US Census 2006 estimate was 3, 855,608 2 US Census
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Separate Interests to National Agendas Hispanic-American Members of Congress in the Civil Rights Era, 1945–1977
    Separate Interests to National Agendas hispanic-american members of congress in the civil rights era, 1945–1977 In June 1952 two long-running but often dissimilar paths of Hispanic-American congressional history converged, if only for a moment. At issue was the transformation of Puerto Rico from a colonial territory to a U.S. commonwealth. Under Puerto Rico’s proposed constitution, the island’s new government, the Estado Libre Asociado (Free Associated State or ELA), would be linked to the U.S. mainland by matters involving foreign affairs, but its authority to govern locally would be enhanced. Congress initially approved the concept, but quickly split over a constitutional human rights provision that had wide support among the Puerto Rican people. In the U.S. Senate, one faction sought to establish Congress’s ability to approve or reject amendments to the island’s constitution, essentially stripping Puerto Ricans of sovereignty.1 One such advocate bluntly argued that Congress essentially had the option to “give them a constitution or not give it to them.” Dennis Chavez of New Mexico, on the other hand—often that chamber’s lone proponent for boosting Hispanic civil rights—pushed back: “The Puerto Ricans did not ask us to take [their political rights]; we took them,” he said. In areas of the world where the U.S. was then working to contain the spread of communism, including in the Caribbean Basin, Chavez noted that America’s efforts would be aided by treating Puerto Ricans with more equanimity.2 Chavez’s intervention in the debate foreshadowed an important trend in this era—the increasing cooperation among advocates for Hispanic issues on a national scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategy for Holy Week Incarnational Evangelism for the West Puerto Rico Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 1988 Strategy For Holy Week Incarnational Evangelism For The West Puerto Rico Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists Efren Pagan Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Pagan, Efren, "Strategy For Holy Week Incarnational Evangelism For The West Puerto Rico Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists" (1988). Dissertation Projects DMin. 212. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/212 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT STRATEGY FOR HOLY WEEK INCARNATIONAL EVANGELISM FOR THE WEST PUERTO RICO CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS By Efrén Pagán Advisor: Elias G. Gómez ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Project Report Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary TITLE: STRATEGY FOR HOLY WEEK INCARNATIONAL EVANGELISM FOR THE WEST PUERTO RICO CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS Name of researcher: Efren Pagan Name and degree of faculty adviser: Elias G. Gomez, D.Min. Date completed: July 1988 Problem Most of the people living in Puerto Rico claim or are claimed to be Catholics by the Catholic leadership of the Island. Most of them have only a form of religion, having lost sight of the power of Christ's religion. They need to be led back to Christ, even though they are uncon­ scious of their situation or of their spiritual need.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Americanism Among South Korean University Students
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Anti-Americanism among South Korean University Students Meri Tuuli Elina Timonen Master’s thesis East Asian studies Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki May 2019 Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree Programme Faculty of Arts Area and cultural studies Opintosuunta – Studieinriktning – Study Track East Asian studies Tekijä – Författare – Author Meri Tuuli Elina Timonen Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Anti-Americanism among South Korean university students. Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and Sivumäärä– Sidoantal – Number of pages Master’s thesis year 85 pages + appendix 5 pages May 2019 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract This thesis researches anti-Americanism among South-Korean university students. South- Korea is known to be very pro-American country, but anti-American sentiment has existed in the society especially in the beginning of 21st century. The goal of this thesis is to know, if anti- Americanism still exists in South-Korea. The university students are target group, since university students have been major force behind anti-Americanism since the 1980’s in South- Korea. The research question asks, how South Korean university students perceive the U.S. The hypothesis assumes, that they perceive the U.S. positively. Research literature focuses on books and articles about anti-American sentiment in South- Korea. The theoretical framework constitutes the concept of ethnic nationalism, that is widely researched among western and South-Korean scholars. Ethnic nationalism means nationalism based on the idea of ethnic unity. In Korea, it is traditionally connected with primordialism and uniqueness of Korean race.
    [Show full text]
  • View the Manual
    Game Manual Libertad o Muerte! - Rules 1 CONTENTS 1.- INTRODUCTION 2.- INSTALLATION 3.- MAIN MENU 4.- NEW GAME 5.- INSIDE THE GAME 6.- THE MAP 7.- THE UNITS 8.- GAME PHASES 9.- LAND MOVEMENT 10.- LAND COMBAT 11.- NAVAL MOVEMENT 12.- NAVAL COMBAT 13.- SIEGES 14.- CARDS 15.- MAINTENANCE 16.- PURCHASES AND REPLACEMENTS 17.- PBEM 18.- SECONDARY MENU 19.- WINNING THE GAME 20.- APPENDICES 21.- TIMELINE 22.- CREDITS 1.-INTRODUCTION Libertad o Muerte! is a historical strategy computer game that represents the wars of Independence of the Latin American Spanish colonies. In Libertad o Muerte! players can take the role of the Patriots, fighting for their freedom, Libertad o Muerte! - Rules 2 or that of the Royalists, trying to change history and keep that great empire under Spanish control. The game starts on 1810 and it can reach 1825 in the bigger scenario. 1.1 Features and concept of Libertad o Muerte!. - Turn based game, eah turn divided in several phases : - Card Draw - Reinforcements - Income - Maintenance - Purchase - Naval Movement - Naval Combat - Land Movement - Land Battle - Siege - Placement of new units - Replacements - End of Turn - Two decks of cards, one for each player. - Great Map divided in areas 1.2 Game Scale The units in Libertad o Muerte! represent regiments or batallions for land units, each naval unit is a ship and the main historical leaders have their own unit. 2.-INSTALLATION 2.1 Downloading and Installing Libertad o Muerte! - Rules 3 The game is installed through digital download (from Avalon-Digital site or from Steam). Once you have purchased the game you will receive a serial number.
    [Show full text]
  • NERG News a Number of People Will Tell You That Using CW Decoding Software Is Just As Good As Actually Learning the Code
    NERG June 2017 NEWS North East Radio Group Inc PO Box 270, Greensborough, VIC 3088 www.nerg.asn.au ABN - 19 340 249 865 Incorporated 1985 Victoria Reg No A0006776V Affiliated with the WIA Learning CW (Morse WHAT'S ON THIS MONTH Code) Strange as it may seem there are still many Monthly meeting CW QSO's happening on the bands. As a matter of fact there were 280 DXCC entities active on Thursday 8th June 2017 Regular club CW in 2016 (Source “2016 DXCC Year End Review – meeting 8:00 pm till late at the club rooms. by Joe Reisert, W1JR”) For the rare DXpeditions on the air in 2016 more CW contacts were made HF Antenna Modelling – Paul VK3DIP will than any other mode (Same source) Therefore if show us how to model HF antennas, including you want to get your DXCC total up learning CW Tony VK3CAB's “Linked Dipole” from April can be a great advantage. 2017 NERG News A number of people will tell you that using CW decoding software is just as good as actually learning the code. When conditions are good and signals are in the clear then software like Coffee Club nd MRP40 can be fantastic, but introduce weak, Thursday 22 June 2017 7:30 pm till fading signals and some QRM and the decoder around 10:00 at the club rooms. can let you down at the critical instant that the rare DX station is sending your call! Gainfully Unemployed Lunch Once you have decided to learn CW the next Group question is how do I learn it? Tuesday 27th June 2017 - AT The Greensborough RSL Coffee at 11:00 and First concentrate on receiving the code as lunch around 12:30 in the Bistro.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Has Experienced a Period of Political Challenges Along with a Severe Economic Austerity
    Revista [IN]Genios, Vol. 7, Núm. 1, pp.1-16 (diciembre, 2020) ISSN#: 2374-2747 Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras © 2020, Copyright. Todos los derechos están reservados. ISLAND ARTSCAPE OF BANKRUPTCY: A NARRATIVE PHOTO-ESSAY OF SAN JUAN’S POLITICAL STREET ART OF RESISTANCE Medio: Fotografía Andrea D. Rivera Martínez Departamento de Psicología Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, UPR RP Recibido: 15/09/2020; Revisado: 16/11/2020; Aceptado: 29/11/2020 Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has experienced a period of political challenges along with a severe economic austerity. Given the unpromising projections, voices of resistance, anger, frustration, uncertainty, and hope are becoming increasingly visible on the island’s cities’ walls and spaces. Thus, based on the current situation of fiscal crisis, this visual essay narrates and documents the continuum of interpretations and opinions regarding the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) inscribed in the urban fabric over the past five years from now. Keywords: street art, bankruptcy, fiscal crisis, austerity, Puerto Rico Resumen Desde el 2016, el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico experimenta un período de desafíos políticos junto con una severa austeridad económica. Dadas las proyecciones, las voces de resistencia, ira, frustración, incertidumbre y esperanza son cada vez más visibles en las paredes y espacios de las ciudades de la isla. Por tanto, dada la situación actual de crisis fiscal, este ensayo visual narra y documenta el continuo de interpretaciones y opiniones sobre la Ley de Supervisión, Gestión y Estabilidad Económica de Puerto Rico (PROMESA) inscritas en el tejido urbano durante los últimos cinco años.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Organ Works by Puerto Rican Composers
    CONTEMPORARY ORGAN WORKS BY PUERTO RICAN COMPOSERS BY Copyright @ 2016 ANDRÉS MOJICA-MARTÍNEZ Submitted to the graduate degree program in Music!and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts. __________________________ Dr. James Higdon, chairperson __________________________ Dr. Michael Bauer ________________________ Dr. Paul Laird _________________________ Dr. Bradley Osborn ___________________________ Dr. Luciano Tosta Date defended: April 21, 2016 ii The Dissertation Committee for ANDRÉS MOJICA MARTÍNEZ Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: CONTEMPORARY ORGAN WORKS BY PUERTO RICAN COMPOSERS ___________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. James Higdon Date defended: April 21, 2016 iii Abstract The history of organ music and pipe organs in Puerto Rico dates to Spanish colonial times. Unfortunately, most organ works composed during that period of time did not survive due to fires, hurricanes, the attacks of English and Dutch pirates, and the change of sovereignty in 1898. After the entrance of the United States in 1898, a few organ works were composed and various pipe organs were installed on the island, but no significant developments took place in Puerto Rican organ culture. Recently, with the installation of a three manual Casavant organ at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras in 2006, and the creation of the position the author occupies as organist and organ professor at the institution, new opportunities for organ music on the island have flourished. This lecture-recital centers on an investigation of the organ works of four Puerto Rican composers of the twentieth and twenty-first century: William Ortiz, Carlos Lamboy, Raymond Torres-Santos and Roberto Milano.
    [Show full text]
  • View Centro's Film List
    About the Centro Film Collection The Centro Library and Archives houses one of the most extensive collections of films documenting the Puerto Rican experience. The collection includes documentaries, public service news programs; Hollywood produced feature films, as well as cinema films produced by the film industry in Puerto Rico. Presently we house over 500 titles, both in DVD and VHS format. Films from the collection may be borrowed, and are available for teaching, study, as well as for entertainment purposes with due consideration for copyright and intellectual property laws. Film Lending Policy Our policy requires that films be picked-up at our facility, we do not mail out. Films maybe borrowed by college professors, as well as public school teachers for classroom presentations during the school year. We also lend to student clubs and community-based organizations. For individuals conducting personal research, or for students who need to view films for class assignments, we ask that they call and make an appointment for viewing the film(s) at our facilities. Overview of collections: 366 documentary/special programs 67 feature films 11 Banco Popular programs on Puerto Rican Music 2 films (rough-cut copies) Roz Payne Archives 95 copies of WNBC Visiones programs 20 titles of WNET Realidades programs Total # of titles=559 (As of 9/2019) 1 Procedures for Borrowing Films 1. Reserve films one week in advance. 2. A maximum of 2 FILMS may be borrowed at a time. 3. Pick-up film(s) at the Centro Library and Archives with proper ID, and sign contract which specifies obligations and responsibilities while the film(s) is in your possession.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador and Liberato
    524 The Emperor countries - a situation which in many endured until the last third or so of the twentieth century, effectively frustrating their political evolution. In the United States it was from the outset the middle classes who seized power and vigorously pursued their agenda of economic develop­ ment and commercial expansion. The American Revolution was truly a revolutionary movement, while the Latin American wars of independ­ ence were largely aristocratic assertions of self-interest against the mother country. The caudillos and the demagogues pursued their own Chronology interests, sometimes brutally, sometimes in an enlightened way, power alternating between the two all too often, and both based on the cult of personality. As economic growth and the expansion of the middle class have at last occurred in the course of the last third of the twentieth Birth of Francisco de Miranda in Caracas century, it has become possible to suggest that the era of extremes has 1750 1759 Accession of Charles III of Spain , passed. How quickly economic and political co-operation between the 1763 Ambrose Higgins arrives in Buenos Aires Latin American nations will follow remains to be seen. 1775 Outbreak of American War ofIndependence , Birth ofThomas, later Lord near Edmburgh, de Chile The Liberators threw off the Spanish yoke - one of the greatest mili­ Cochran~, 1777 Ambrosio O'Higgins becomes Captam-~eneral of Santlag? tary achievements in human history. In their inability to establish viable 1778 Birth of Bernardo O'Higgins in Concepcl6n, southern ~Jle or stable political structures, although most wanted to do so, they were Birth ofJose de San Martin in Yapeyu., north of Buenos res Execution ofTupac Amaru II in Cuzco .
    [Show full text]
  • COURT INNOVATION Volume 1 Number 1 Winter 2008 JOURNAL OF
    pci1-1_cv:pci1-1_cv 2/20/2008 9:40 AM Page 2 COLOR IS FOR APPROXIMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE FOR COLOR APPROVAL Volume 1 Volume JOURNAL OF Number 1 COURT INNOVATION Volume 1 Number 1 Winter 2008 JOURNAL OF Welcome to the Journal of Court Innovation Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye . 1 A Word From the Executive Editors Greg Berman, Robert G.M. Keating, Michelle S. Simon . 3 COURT COURT ARTICLES Crossing the ‘Digital Divide’: Using the Internet to Impanel Jurors in Travis County, Texas Mary R. Rose and Michelle Brinkman . 5 INNOVATION Risky Business: New Hampshire’s Experience Inviting Citizens to Examine the State Courts Laura Kiernan. 33 A SLAPP in the Face: Why Principles of Federalism Suggest that Federal District Courts Should Stop Turning the Other Cheek Lisa Litwiller. 67 Learning From Failure: A Roundtable on Criminal Justice Innovation Winter 2008 Winter Greg Berman . 97 PRACTICE PIECES ComALERT: A Prosecutor’s Collaborative Model for Ensuring a Successful Transition from Prison to the Community Charles J. Hynes . 123 pp. 1-182 Two Places at Once: How the Virginia Supreme Court Uses Technology To Improve Efficiency and Safety Bob Kelley and Jim Scorzelli . 151 Law as Therapy: What Impact Do Drug Courts Have on Judges? An Interview with Judge Peggy Fulton Hora Robert V. Wolf . 159 BOOK REVIEWS The Great American Crime Decline by Franklin E. Zimring Henry M. Mascia . 169 The Electronic Evidence and Discovery Handbook by Sharon D. Nelson, Bruce A. Olson and John W. Simek William V. Rapp . 177 pci1-1_cv:pci1-1_cv 2/29/2008 12:21 PM Page 3 (Black plate) JOURNAL OF COURT INNOVATION Volume 1 Number 1 Winter 2008 CENTER FOR NEW YORK STATE PACE COURT INNOVATION JUDICIAL INSTITUTE LAW SCHOOL EXECUTIVE EDITORS GREG BERMAN, Director, Center for Court Innovation ROBERT KEATING, Dean, New York State Judicial Institute MICHELLE S.
    [Show full text]
  • Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN
    Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand Historical Understanding Standard 1: Historical Understanding: CHANGE, CONTINUITY, AND CAUSALITY-Understand change and/or continuity and cause and/or effect in history Topic Chronological Thinking Benchmark SS.K.1.1 Explain change and continuity over time, using calendars and simple timelines Sample Performance The student: Describes historical events or other familiar events in sequence (days, weeks, and Assessment (SPA) months), using calendars and timelines. Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Explain, with detail, change Explain change and continuity Recognize examples of change Recognize calendars and and continuity over time, using over time, using calendars and and continuity over time, using simple timelines calendars and simple timelines simple timelines calendars and simple timelines Converted by HTML2PDF (www.zoomlane.com) Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand Historical Understanding Standard 2: Historical Understanding: INQUIRY, EMPATHY AND PERSPECTIVE- Use the tools and methods of inquiry, perspective, and empathy to explain historical events with multiple interpretations and judge the past on its own terms Topic Benchmark SS.K.2 No benchmark at this level Sample Performance Assessment (SPA) Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Converted by HTML2PDF (www.zoomlane.com) Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand History Standard 3: History: HISTORICAL CONTENT-Understand people now and then, here and now (learning, living, working together) Topic Celebrations Benchmark SS.K.3.1 Describe historically significant events and observances in American history Sample Performance The student: Explains why Americans celebrate significant events and observances (e.g., Fourth Assessment (SPA) of July, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving).
    [Show full text]
  • Varieties of American Popular Nationalism.” American Sociological Review 81(5):949-980
    Bonikowski, Bart, and Paul DiMaggio. 2016. “Varieties of American Popular Nationalism.” American Sociological Review 81(5):949-980. Publisher’s version: http://asr.sagepub.com/content/81/5/949 Varieties of American Popular Nationalism Bart Bonikowski Harvard University Paul DiMaggio New York University Abstract Despite the relevance of nationalism for politics and intergroup relations, sociologists have devoted surprisingly little attention to the phenomenon in the United States, and historians and political psychologists who do study the United States have limited their focus to specific forms of nationalist sentiment: ethnocultural or civic nationalism, patriotism, or national pride. This article innovates, first, by examining an unusually broad set of measures (from the 2004 GSS) tapping national identification, ethnocultural and civic criteria for national membership, domain- specific national pride, and invidious comparisons to other nations, thus providing a fuller depiction of Americans’ national self-understanding. Second, we use latent class analysis to explore heterogeneity, partitioning the sample into classes characterized by distinctive patterns of attitudes. Conventional distinctions between ethnocultural and civic nationalism describe just about half of the U.S. population and do not account for the unexpectedly low levels of national pride found among respondents who hold restrictive definitions of American nationhood. A subset of primarily younger and well-educated Americans lacks any strong form of patriotic sentiment; a larger class, primarily older and less well educated, embraces every form of nationalist sentiment. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and partisan identification, these classes vary significantly in attitudes toward ethnic minorities, immigration, and national sovereignty. Finally, using comparable data from 1996 and 2012, we find structural continuity and distributional change in national sentiments over a period marked by terrorist attacks, war, economic crisis, and political contention.
    [Show full text]