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Uncorrected Proof Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology OOO (OOOO) xxx-xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: http://ees.elsevier.com +EKF><E<K@: ;@<K8IP J?@=KJ @E Deinonychus antirrhopus (Theropoda; Dromaeosauridae): %EJ@>?KJ @EKF K?< <:FCF>P 8E; JF:@8C 9<?8M@FI F= I8GKFI@8C ;@EFJ8LIJ K?IFL>? JK89C< @JFKFG< 8E8CPJ@J J.A. "I<;<I@:BJFE 8,;,⁎, M.H. !E><C 9, R.L. Cifelli :,; 8 Weis Earth Science Museum, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Fox Cities Campus, Menasha, WI 54952, USA 9 School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA : Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA ; Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, OK 73072, USA ARTICLE %*"+ ABSTRACT Keywords 0?< @D8>< F= K?< ?@>?CP @EK<CC@gent, G8:B-?LEK@E> I8GKFI ?8J 9<:FD< <E>I8@E<; @E J:@<EK@Z: C@K<I8KLI< 8E; GFGL- ,8C8<F<:FCF>P C8I NFIBJ alike. "@IJK GIFGFJ<; KF <OGC8@E K?< I<C8K@M<CP :FDDFE :F-F::LII<E:< F= K?< C8I><-9F;@<; @>L8EF;FEK@8E #<F:?<D@JKIP Tenontosaurus tilletti 8E; K?< NFC=-J@Q<; Deinonychus antirrhopus =IFD K?< (FN<I CreK8:<FLJ F= *FIK? America, 8 0IFG?@: <:FCF>P :8E@;-C@B< JF:@8C ?LEK@E> JKIL:KLI< ?8J 9<:FD< K?< JK8E;8I; ;<G@:K@FE F= ;IFD8<FJ8LIJ @E GFGLC8I NFIBJ FM<I CreK8:<FLJ K?< C8JK K?I<< decades. 0?@J I<:FEJKIL:K@FE is, ?FNever, GIF9C<D8K@: C8I><CP ;L< KF K?< =8:K K?8K ?@>?CP :FFI;@- E8K<; ?LEK@E> JKI8K<>@<J 8I< I8I<CP F9J<IM<; @E DF;<IE 8Ichosaurs. 0?@J ?8J C<; KF K?< 8CK<IE8K@M< ?PGFK?<J@J K?8K D. antirrhopus N8J DFI< 8E8CF>FLJ KF 8>FE@JK@: I<GK@C@8E :8IE@vores, C@B< K?< 'FDF;F ;I8>FE (Varanus ko- modoensis). Among K?< D8EP ;@==<I<E:<J 9<KN<<E K?<J< KNF 8E8CF>J @J ?FN JF:@8C 8E; 8JF:@8C FI>8E@JDJ I<8I K?<@I young, GIF;L:@E> 8 ;@8>EFJK@: G8KK<IE 98J<; FE K?< GI<J<E:< FI 89J<E:< F= FEKF><E<K@: ;@<K8IP changes. %E FI;<I KF K<JK =FI ;@<K8IP :?8E><J K?IFL>? growth, JK89C< :8I9FE 8E; FOP><E @JFKFG< (δ13C, δ18O) 8E8CPJ@J N8J G<I=FID<; FE KFFK? :8I9FE8K< =IFD JD8CC (<4.5 DD :IFNE height) 8E; C8I>< (>9 DD :IFNE height) D. antir- rhopus JG<:@D<EJ =IFD KNF D@:IFJ@K<J =IFD K?< (FN<I CreK8:<FLJ Cloverly (Montana) 8E; Antlers (OkC8homa) =FID8tions. 0<<K? =IFD >FE@FG?FC@;@; :IF:F;PC@8EJ 8E; Tenontosaurus tilletti =IFD K?< Cloverly "FID8K@FE N<I< 8CJF K<JK<; =FI :FDG8Iison. 0?< I<JLCKJ J?FN K?8K K?< Cloverly >FE@FG?FC@dids, C@B< K?<@I DF;<IE :FLEK<Iparts, N<EK K?IFL>? 8 ;@JK@E:K KI8EJ@K@FE @E ;@<K 8J K?<P grew. 0?< JD8CC<JK K<<K? N<I< K?< I<C8K@M<CP DFJK <EI@:?<; @E 13C (mean = −9.32‰; n = 5), K?< D<;@LD-J@Q<; K<<K? N<I< K?< DFJK-;<GC<K<; @E 13C (mean = −10.56‰; E = 5), 8E; K?< C8I><JK K<<K? N<I< @EK<ID<;@8K< (mean = −10.12‰; n = 6). 0?<J< =8:KFIJ 8I< :?8I8:K<I@JK@: F= K?< ;@- <K8IP J?@=KJ J<<E @E DF;<IE 8JF:@8C reptiles. D. antirrhopus J?FN<; K?@J J8D< G8KK<IE @E KFFK? J8DGC<J :FCC<:K<; =IFD 9FK? IF:B units, N@K? JD8CC K<<K? 9<@E> K?< DFI< <EI@:?<; @E 13C (mean = −8.99‰; n = 10) 8E; K?< C8I>< K<<K? 9<@E> DFI< ;<GC<K<; @E 13C (mean = −10.38‰; E = 10). 0?<J< ;@==<I<E:<J JL>><JK K?8K ALM<E@C< 8E; 8;LCK D. antirrhopus =IFD 9FK? =FID8K@FEJ C@B<CP :FEJLD<; ;@==<I<EK prey. $PGFK?<K@:8C =FF; sources, JL:? 8J T. tilletti, 8I< :CFJ< KF K?< 13C @JFKFG@: J@>E8C F= 8;LCK D. antirrhopus, :FEJ@JK<EK N@K? K?< ?PGFK?<J@Q<; KIFG?@: I<C8K@FEJ?@G (predaKFI-prey) 9<KN<<E K?<J< KNF species. &LM<E@C< D. antirrhopus ?8; 8 ;@<K DFI< <EI@:?<; @E 13C, C@B<CP :FD- GFJ<; F= JD8CC<I-9F;ied, 9LK KIFG?@:8CCP-?@>?<I species. 08B<E KFgether, K?<J< ;8K8 8;; KF K?< >IFN@E> <M@;<E:< K?8K D. antirrhopus N8J EFK 8 :FDGC<O JF:@8C ?LEK<I 9P DF;<IE D8DD8C@8E JK8Edards. 1. Introduction tosaurus tilletti @E K?< 4,) 64–75 HL8IIP F= K?< (FN<I CreK8:<FLJ Cloverly "FID8K@FE F= )FEtana. AlK?FL>? 8 KIFG?@: I<C8K@FEJ?@G be- 0?< G<I:<GK@FE F= K?< G8:B-?LEK@E> I8GKFI @J FE< F= K?< DFJK GI<M8- KN<<E K?<J< KNF JG<:@<J J<<D<; :<Itain, +JKIFD (1969, 1986) :FLC; C<EK JG<:LC8K@M< <O8DGC<J F= JF:@8C 9<?8M@FI @E ;@nosaurs. 0?@J ?P- EFK <EM@J@FE 8 J@E>C< D. antirrhopus, N<@>?@E> 8GGIFO@D8K<CP 70 KF GFK?<J@J N8J ZIJK GIFGFJ<; 9P +JKIFD (1969), KF <OGC8@E K?< F:- 100 B> (/<<bacher, 2001), 9<@E> :8G89C< F= ;@JG8K:?@E> 8 FE<-KFE :LII<E:< F= DLCK@GC< @E;@M@;L8CJ F= K?< ;IFD8<FJ8LI Deinonychus an- Tenontosaurus 8CFE< (+Jtrom, 1969; Forster, 1984; )8ON<CC 8E; tirrhopus D@O<; N@K? K?<UNCORRECTED C8I><I ?PGFK?<K@:8C GI<P species, Tenon +Jtrom, 1995; .F8:? 8E; PROOF Brinkman, 2007). Based FE K?< K8G?F- EFD@: 8JJF:@8K@FE F= 8K C<8JK K?I<< @E;@M@;L8CJ 8K 4,) ⁎ Corresponding 8LK?FI at: 3<@J !8IK? /:@<E:< Museum, 1E@M<IJ@KP F= 3@J:FEJ@E +J?BFJ? "FO Cities Campus, Menasha, 3% 54952, USA. E-mail address: FredericksoJ@uwosh.<;L (J.A. Frederickson) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109780 .<:<@M<; 21 &8EL8IP 2020; Received in revised form 27 April 2020 Available online OOO 0031-0182/© 2020. J.A. Frederickson et al. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology xxx (xxxx) xxx-xxx 64–75, +JKIFD GIFGFJ<; K?8K D. antirrhopus N8J 8 G8:B hunter, J@Di- K@FE8C JN@K:? KF C8I><-9F;@<; K<II<JKI@8C FI J<D@8HL8K@: M<IK<9I8K<J C8I KF DF;<IE canids. /@E:< then, ;FQ<EJ F= J@K<J ?8M< 9<<E ;@J:FM<I<; (Blomberg, 1976; 38CC8:< 8E; Leslie, 2008). Conversely, G8:B-?LEK- N@K? 8JJF:@8K<; T. tilletti 8E; D. antirrhopus I<D8@EJ @E 9FK? K?< Cloverly @E> JF:@8C D8DD8CJ ;F EFK J?FN JL:? ;@M<IJ@KP @E ;@<K K?IFL>? FE- ()8ON<CC 8E; +Jtrom, 1995) 8E; K?< :FEK<DGFI8E<FLJ Antlers "FI- togeny. %E K?<J< 8Eimals, JL:? 8J K?< >I<P NFC= (Canis lupus), K?< GIF- D8K@FEJ F= +BC8?FD8 (Brinkman <K al., 1998). 0?< GI<M8C<E:< F= K?@J K<:K@FE F= K?< G8:B 8CCFNJ 8CC D<D9<IJ KF =<<; LGFE J@D@C8ICP-J@Q<; GI<P 8JJF:@8K@FE JKIFE>CP JL>><JKJ K?8K T. tilletti N8J 8 :?@<= =FF; JFLI:< =FI @K<DJ (Bryan <K al., 2006). AlK?FL>? JD8CC ;<M@8K@FEJ C@B<CP F:cur, K?< D. antirrhopus (+Jtrom, 1969; Forster, 1984; )8ON<CC 8E; +Jtrom, 9LCB ;@<K F= ALM<E@C<J :8E 9< ?PGFK?<J@Q<; KF ;<I@M< C8I><CP =IFD K?< ;@<K 1995); ?FNever, K?< ;PE8D@:J F= D. antirrhopus ?LEK@E> :8G89@C@K@<J 8I< F= K?< I<JK F= K?< group. 0?@J :8E 9< M@JL8C@Q<; @E FEKF><E<K@: JKL;@<J JK@CC ;<bated. F= ;@<K8IP-;<I@M<; :8I9FE @JFKFG<J @E K?< JF:@8C 9FKKC<EFJ< ;FCG?@E Tur- +Jtrom's (1969, 1986) JL>><JK@FE K?8K D. antirrhopus ?8; 8 siops truncatus, @E which, 8J@;< =IFD 8 JD8CC <EI@:?D<EK N?@C< ELIJing, :8E@;-C@B< G8:B-?LEK@E> JKI8K<>P @J I8K?<I @EKLitive. D. antirrhopus N8J K?<I< @J D@E@D8C M8I@8K@FE K?IFL>?FLK C@=< ('EF\ <K al., 2008). 1E=FI- DFIG?FCF>@:8CCP J@D@C8I KF :8E@;J @E JFD< F= @KJ GI<;8KFIP 8;8GK8tions; KLnately, ;L< KF K?< LE@HL< C@=<JKPC< F= D8I@E< D8Dmals, D8EP F= K?< JL:? 8J @KJ :LIJFrial, <CFE>8K< limbs, JG<:@8C@Q<; =FI JG<<; 8E; 8>@C@KP @JFKFG@: JKL;@<J F= ;@<K 8E; >IFNK? @E JF:@8C JG<:@<J 8I< LEJL@K89C< =FI (+Jtrom, 1969). "LIther, D. antirrhopus GFJJ<JJ<; 8 I<C8K@M<CP C8I>< :FDG8I@JFE N@K? <OK@E:K K<II<JKI@8C ;@nosaurs. 9I8@E 9P ;@EFJ8LI@8E JK8E;8I;J (Bal8EF\ <K al., 2013), 8 E<:<JJ8IP %JFKFG@: JKL;@<J F= FEKF><E<K@: ;@==<I<E:<J @E 9@I;J 8I< C8I><CP :FIre- GI<I<HL@J@K< =FI ?8E;C@E> K?< :F>E@K@M< :?8CC<E><J 8JJF:@8K<; N@K? :FD- C8K<; N@K? K?< G8I<EK8C =<<;@E> 9<?8M@FI 8E; 8J 8 I<JLCK 8I< 9<KK<I JL@K<; GC<O JF:@8C roles. !M<E +Jtrom's (1969) FI@>@E8C 8I>LD<EK =FI G8:B =FI :FDG8Iison. %E JFD< D8I@E< seabirds, JL:? 8J JFD< GIF:<CC8I@iforms, ?LEK@E> 98J<; FE K?< Deinonychus-Tenontosaurus J@Q< ;@==<I<E:<J @J 8;LCKJ =<<; K?<@I PFLE> 8 ;@==<I<EK ;@<K K?8E K?<@I own, C<8;@E> KF 8 ?@>?CP I<8JFEable, 8J K?@J GI<;8tor/GI<P J@Q< ;@JG8I@KP @J EFK LEC@B< K?8K LE@HL< @JFKFG@: ;@<K8IP J@>E8C @E K?< ALM<niles; ?FN<M<I K?@J F9J<IM8K@FE F= D8EP N@C; canids, @E:CL;@E> K?< African 3@C; F> Lycaon pictus.
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