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Latin American Countries in Peace Operations – History, Current and Prospective –

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6th. Edition 2020 Latin American Countries in Peace Operations – History, current and prospective – Proposing development and integration, with projection of the capabilities and image of Latin America and interaction with other regions, in attention to education for peace operations. 1 Revista ALCOPAZ 2020 6th Edition Sections 1. Introduction 1.1.1 Index 1.1.2 Message from the ALCOPAZ President 1.1.3 Institutional Review 2. Special Guests 2.1 Argentina – Brigadier General (R) Gabriel J. Guerrero 2.2 Brasil – Colonel Luiz F. M. Negreiros 2.3 Chile – Brigadier General (R) Jorge Peña Leiva 2.4 Paraguay – Major General (R) Nicasio Ríos 2.5 Uruguay – Master Carlos Polcaro 3. Full Associates 3.1 Argentina - CAECOPAZ 3.2 Bolivia - DOMPE 3.3 Brasil - CCOPAB 3.4 Chile - CECOPAC 3.5 Colombia - CENCOPAZ 3.6 Ecuador - UEMPE 3.7 Guatemala – CREOMPAZ / EOPAZ 3.8 México - CECOPAM 3.10 Paraguay - CECOPAZ 3.10 Perú – CECOPAZ 3.11 Uruguay – ENOPU 4. Functional Committees 4.1 Civil Committee – UNICURITIBA 4.2 Police Committee – Paraguay 4.3 Police Committee – Perú This edition has been developed by the ALCOPAZ XII - Uruguay 2020 Secretariat, compiling the works produced by contributors, to whom copyright is reserved as well as responsibility for the content of the respective articles. 2 INDEX INTRODUCTION Index 3 Message from the ALCOPAZ President 4 Institutional Review 6 SPECIAL GUESTS Argentina – Brigadier General (R) Gabriel J. Guerrero 8 Brasil – Colonel Luiz F. M. Negreiros 17 Chile – Brigadier General (R) Jorge Peña Leiva 21 Paraguay – Major General (R) Nicasio Ríos 25 Uruguay – Master Carlos Polcaro 27 FULL ASSOCIATES Argentina Contribution – CAECOPAZ (BA Florencia Talamoni) 31 Bolivia Contribution – DOMPE (Colonel Rodolfo Javier Garvizu Díaz) 34 Brazil Contribution – CCOPAB (Major Enrique Santos) 37 Chile Contribution – CECOPAC (International Analyst Pía Vergara) 43 Colombia Contribution – CENCOPAZ (Lieutenant Carlos Franco Sanabria) 49 Ecuador Contribution – UEMPE (Captain Rodrigo Rivas Paz) 54 Guatemala Contribution – CREOMPAZ/EOPAZ (Infantry Colonel Edwin Ochoa Coto) 58 Mexico Contribution – CECOPAM 61 Paraguay Contribution – CECOPAZ 64 Peru Contribution – CECOPAZ 68 Uruguay Contribution – ENOPU 72 FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEES Civil Committee – UNICURITIBA (Professor Dr. Karla Pinhel) 74 Police Committee – Paraguay (Oficial Inspector Dirce Avalos) 80 Police Committee – Peru (Captain Juan Bajonero) 83 3 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ALCOPAZ XII URUGUAY 2020 Army General Marcelo M. Montaner Chief of the Defense Staff of Uruguay With great satisfaction for the objective achieved and the work carried out, we are pleased to present to you this institutional publication that we hope will be of interest and useful to our associates and other public who share our interest in capacity building, training and education for peacekeeping operations. This project was conceived at the beginning of our management, considering that the ALCOPAZ Annual Magazine began to be issued in 2015, in order to gather information of interest and research work carried out by the Associates and Collaborators of our Association. In previous editions, the articles presented have had relevant content and were of interest in the regional as well as abroad, achieving meritorious projection and the printed version has been presented in the last five IAPTC Annual Conferences, with editions in Spanish and English languages, which they have been widely accepted by the international public that participates in the "Ideas Bazaar" of these events. Complementarily, we have achieved that since this year, these previous copies are also available in the analog version on the ALCOPAZ Website at http://alcopaz.com/revista-anual.html Within the general framework of action and considering the higher and specific objectives of the ALCOPAZ XII Uruguay 2020 cycle, we proposed to carry out tasks and actions that contribute to t he recognition, revaluation, revitalization and repositioning of the contribution of Latin American countries to peace operations, seeking make this contribution with an academic approach and focus. We have definitely been encouraged by the spirit of obtaining incentives and support to improve the quantity and quality of the contributions made by Lati n American countries to peace operations. The theoretical framework on which this initiative is based is initially composed of the Declaration of Commitments to Peace Operations (A4P - September 2018) which is an initiative of the UN Secretary General urging the Member States, the Security Council, host countries, police and troop -contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew collective responsibility for peacekeeping and to commit to each other to strive for excellence. This Commitment was signed by 152 Nations and 4 Regional Organizations; 20 American countries are included here. Secondly, we have considered the ALCOPAZ 2019 Statute, the text of which includes Article 2 - Objectives, mentioning as Purposes of the Association: to advise, if required, all States or Organizations on issues related to Peace Operations. In the current year 2020, together with all the Associates and Co llaborators we have managed to conclude this 6th Edition of this publication, obtaining with it a very useful instrument to achieve dissemination of the activities and scope of our Association, which is a very important contribution to the achievement of t he objectives of this cycle, finally we can also consider it as a very important milestone in the history of ALCOPAZ as an institution. 4 There is a variety of publications of different types, origin, format, content, trends, etc. on the subject of Peacekeeping Operations and action in the American countries. Generically, it is appreciated that they are research papers and express opinion, in the form of articles and notes, produced by independent professionals and academics. In the vast majority of these works, no direct link is perceived with the national institutions of our countries, those that in practice carry forward the commitment to contribute human and material resources to peace operations. The experiences collected by the authors in the field of op erations have their share, but at relative levels. The Military and Police Institutions of the countries of our region have a wealth of accumulated and processed experience, which is vast, deep, diverse and timeless, which constitutes a relatively exploited treasure for their own and collective benefit. There are very few official publications that formally present the experiences gathered and lessons to be learned that have been accumulated in more than 70 years of participation in peace operations. On this occasion, ALCOPAZ with its organic components has had all the capacities to carry out the collection and organization of data as well as research work on the preceding historical reality, the present actions and the prospective aiming at the times that f ollow in peace operations, developing these tasks and academic productions with the own approach of each contributing Nation of this region. We have counted on the work of the eleven Full Members and several of collaborating institutions, which have the knowledge and technical resources that contribute to the project, to which was added the experience already obtained in previous editions. Also on this occasion we achieved the participation of five Special Guests, who, having performed outstanding actions at the highest level of authority, command and administration in peace operations, now agreed to share their unique experiences. This has been a new opportunity for association and integration of institutional efforts to obtain quality and transcendental production, which, beyond its own and local use that is conceived, will also favor the international projection of the enterprises of the countries of the region and ALCOPAZ itself. We conclude this message by expressing our deep appreciation and gratitud e to all who, from their respective fields of work and responsibility, have made this realization possible, developing ideas and writing, as well as providing academic and technical support, the sum of which is materialized in this editorial product of great value and utility. We hope to meet your expectations and also encourage them to provide ideas and contributions that allow us to continue evolving. 5 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW By Colonel (R) Roberto Gil ALCOPAZ Advisor The increase in deployments and the demands that Peace Operations have experienced in an environment of global globalization have generated the need to associate efforts for participation in increasingly complex and challenging missions. For these reasons, different international and regional organizations are currently specializing to support this type of intervention with highly qualified human resources. It is thus intended to contribute to the ultimate goal of these missions, which is to restore and co nsolidate peace in those countries and regions that for various geographical and historical reasons have resulted in serious political or social crises, causing the dismantling of their institutionalism, and therefore the need for intervention by the international community to protect people's lives. Once the true roots of the conflicts have been determined, these missions act together with the local and regional authorities, trying to establish the essential conditions to achieve and maintain a lasting peace. Latin American countries that contribute personnel and resources to the
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