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The Campaign of Lieut. Gen. John Burgoyne, - - - 5 Part II

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This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com ThecampaignofLieut.Gen.JohnBurgoyne WilliamLeeteStone M • • mm - - * . • • • • JOHN BURGOYNIC (Rome, 1750), From a painting by Ramsey, in possession of Miss Burgoyne, at Hampton Court PalacA THE CAMPAIGN OF' LIEUT. GEN. JOHN BURGOYNE, AND THE EXPEDITION OF 3Ueut CoL Barrp $>L ULeger. BY WILLIAM L. STONE, Author of the Life and Times of Sir William Johnson Bart,, Lift and Writings of Col. Wm. L. Stone, Reminiscences of Saratoga and Ballston, Translater of the Memoirs and Military Journals of Mrs. and Major General Riedesel, Srtr,, &c. ALBANY, N. Y. : JOEL MUNSELL. 1877- JOHN BUROOVNK (Rome, 1750l. From a painting by Ramsey- in possession of Miss Burgoytu, ui Hampton Court Paid' THE CAMPAIGN OF LIEUT. GEN. JOHN BURGOYNE. AND THE EXPEDITION OF 3Ueut CoL Barrp £>L Heger. BY WILLIAM L. STONE, Author of tht Life and Times of Sir William Johnson Bart., Life and Writings of Col. Wm. L. Stone, Reminiscences of Saratoga and Ballston, translater of the Memoirs and Military Journals of Mrs. and Major General Riedesely Wc., Mt. ALBANY, N. Y. : JOEL MUNSELL. 1877. £233 « • • • • • • • *■ -> - PART I. THE CAMPAIGN OF LIEUT. GENERAL JOHN BURGOYNE. INTRODUCTORY. IN INE miles east of Saratoga Springs, and nearly midway between the villages of Schuyler- ville and Stillwater, is the site of the Battle of Saratoga or Bemis's heights.' It is only within a comparatively short period that the historian has been enabled to write of that event with clearness and accuracy. While authentic ma terials on the American side are abundant, loose and hurried reports of prisoners taken at the time", and the biased testimony of interested parties, have formed, in a large measure, the basis for a narration of the strategic movements of the English and German troops. Fortu nately, these impediments are now removed. There have recently appeared in Germany, two works of surpassing value, viz: a history of the German Auxiliary Forces in the War of North American Independence, and the Memoirs and Military Journals of Major General Riedesel.1 1 These heights were thus named from a man by the name of Bemis, who kept at this time the only tavern of any note on the river road between Albany and Fort Edward. 2 Both of these works have been translated into English. The transla tion of The Memoirs of General Riedesel has already been published, by J. Munsell, but that of The Auxiliaries in America is still in MS., and in the possession of Mr. T. W. Fields, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 8 Introductory. These works, which are made up of some sixty manuscript journals and orderly books, written during the Revolution by Brunswick and Hes sian officers, who served here during that time, throw a flood of light upon the period of our national history to which they refer, and especi ally upon the campaign of General Burgoyne ; and while the evidence there presented dissipates in a great measure, the halo which remoteness has thrown around the great generals of that period — blinding us to their deficiencies — yet the errors that have hitherto obtained concern ing that campaign are of such a serious nature, as to justify an attempt to place before American readers the plain truth in relation to an event, which in its results was the most important of any in our Revolutionary annals. In Appendix No. XIX. will be found a list of authorities consulted in the preparation of this work. Many of them, for this purpose, are intrinsically valueless, but, nevertheless, have been given for the benefit of the investigating reader. William L. Stone. Saratoga Springs, Sept. ist, 1877. CONTENTS. Part I. The Campaign of Lieut. Gen. John Burgoyne, - - - 5 Part II. The Expedition of Lieut. Col. Barry St. Leger, - - - 137 Appendices. No. I. Anecdotes of Burgoyne's Campaign, personal reminiscences, etc., by the late Charles Neilson, ------- - 125 No. II. Force employed under Lieutenant General Burgoyne in the Campaign of 1777, - -- -- -- -- - 275 No. III. Instructions for Lieutenant Colonel Baum, on a secret expedition to the Connecticut river. — Narrative of a Participator in the Battle of Bennington. — Description of St. Luke's Bridge. — Letter from E. W. B. Canning about Bennington, - 277 No. IV. The Jane McCrea Tragedy, - -- -- -- - 302 No. V. A Visit to the Battle Ground in 1827, ----- 314 No. VI. Fraser's Remains — probable Origin of the Tradition of their having been removed, - -- -- -- -- 328 No. VII. Lady Ackland, - -- -- -- -- -- - 331 No. VIII. Statement by Sergeant Lamb of the Royal Welsh Fusileers in regard to the Burning of General Schuyler's House and Barns. Correspondence between Gates and Burgoyne, - - - 333 No. IX. Sketch of Fort Edward, -- - 338 No. X. Fight at Diamond Island, - -- -- -- -- 346 No. XI. Alexander Bryan, the Scout, - -- -- -- - 353 No. XII. Sketch of Charles de Langlade, and his relations with Bur goyne, ------------- 358 No. XIII. Letter of General Ebenezer Mattoon, a participator in the Bat tle, with notes by the Author. — Letter from the Duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, - -- -- -- -368 No. XIV. Professor Silliman's Visit to the Battle Ground in 1820, with notes by the Author, - -- -- -- -- - 384 lO Contents. No. XV. Sergeant Lamb's Account of his Journey through the woods from Fort Miller to Ticonderoga, to expedite supplies for Burgoyne's Army, - -- -- -- -- - 406 No. XVI. The Ballads of Burgoyne's Campaign, ----- 413 No. XVII. Description of Ticonderoga and the Forts south of it at the Time of their occupation by the Americans in the year 1777. From the Military Journal of Maj. Gen. Riedesel, - 434 No. XVIII. The Saratoga Monument Association, ----- 438 No. XIX. List of Authorities consulted in the preparation of this Work, -------- 445 ITINERARY OF GEN. BURGOYNE. THE ADVANCE. General Burgoyne arrives at Quebec, - - - 6th May, 1777. Receives the command of the Army from Gen. Carleton, at Quebec, - - - - - - - 10th " Montreal, ---------- - 12th " Three Rivers, - -- -- -- -- - 15th " — 7th June. Fort Chambly, - -- -- -- -- 10th June — 14th" Isle Au Noix, - -- -- -- -- - 15th " Cumberland Head, - -- -- -- - 17th — 20th June. River Bouquet, - - - -- -- -- 21st — 28th " Crown Point, - -- -- -- -- 29th — 30th " Four Mile Point, - -- -- -- -- igt July. Ticonderoga, --------- - 1st — 6th July. Skenesborough (Whitehall), ------ 7th — -23d " Fort Anne, - -- -- -- -- - 25th — 28th " Pitch-Pine Plains, -------- - 29th July. Fort Edward, - -- -- -- -- 30th July — 13th Aug. Duer's House (Fort Miller), ------ 14th Aug. — 1oth Sept. Batten kil, ---------- nth to 13th Sept. Schuyler's House (Saratoga), - ----- 13th — 15th " Dovegat, - -- -- -- -- -- 16th " Sword's House, --------- - 17th — 18th " Freeman's House, on the Field of Battle, - 19th " Freeman's House, - -- -- -- -- 20th " Camp on Freeman's Farm, - ----- 21st Sept. — 7th Oct. THE RETREAT. Wilbur's Basin, near the Redoubts at the River, 8th Oct. Dovegat, - -- -- -- -- -- 9th — loth Oct. 1 1 Itinerary. Saratoga, - -- -- -- -- -- ioth — 17th Oct. Half Moon, - 18 th " Albany,- - -- -- -- -- -- 18th — 20th " Worcester, Mass., - -- -- -- - 4th Nov. Marlborough, " --------- 5th " Cambridge, " --------- 7th " Embarks for England, ------- 15th April, 1778. ERRATA. On page 33, 4th line from top, for " on the bridge " read "beyond the bridge.' « « 237 (note), for "ten miles" read "four miles." » " 347, 1st line, for "Col. Baum's" read "Col. Broivn's." CAMPAIGN. The disastrous result of the campaign of Generaj Burgoyne is to be ascribed more to his own blunders and incompetency than to any special military skill on the part of his conqueror. In December, 1776, Bur goyne, dissatisfied with his subordinate position under Carleton, concocted with the British ministry a plan for the campaign of 1 777. A large force under himself was to proceed to Albany by way of Lakes Champlain and George; while another large body, under Sir Henry Clinton, advanced up the Hudson in order to cut off communication between the northern and southern colo nies, in the expectation that each section being left to itself would be subdued with little difficulty. At the same time, Colonel Barry St. Leger was to make a diversion on the Mohawk river. For the accomplishment of the first part of this plan, a powerful force was organized in Canada, the command of which was transferred from Sir Guy Carleton — the ablest British general, by the way, at that time or subsequently in America — and conferred upon General Burgoyne — an army which, for thoroughness of disci pline, and completeness of appointment had never been 2 io Campaign of General John Burgoyne. excelled in America.' The generals, also, who were to second him in the expedition were trustworthy and able officers. ' Major General Phillips was not only dis tinguished as an artillery officer, but had given proof of exceptional strategical skill ; Major General Riedesel had been specially selected for his military experience, acquired during a long service, and particularly during "the seven -years' war, where he had enjoyed the entire confidence of Prince Ferdinand. The English Brigadiers ."fjaser and Hamilton, and the German ones, Specht, and Gall and Lieut. Col. Breymann, had been appointed to commands solely on the ground of their professional merits. The former had attained a high reputation for judgment and cool daring, and was considered one of the most promising officers in the army. Colonel King ston, the adjutant
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