DOCSLIB.ORG

KZSU Project South Interviews

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
KZSU Project South Interviews http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7489n969 No online items Guide to the KZSU Project South Interviews Daniel Hartwig Stanford University Libraries.Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives. Stanford, California 2000 Copyright © 2013 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the KZSU Project South SC0066 1 Interviews Overview Call Number: SC0066 Creator: KZSU (Radio station: Stanford, Calif.) Creator: Stanford University. Institute of American History Title: KZSU Project South interviews Dates: 1965 Physical Description: 7 Linear feet Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives. Stanford University Libraries. 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/spc/spc.html Custodial History Gift of Richard Gillam and KZSU, 1969. Information about Access The materials are open for research use. Ownership & Copyright Copyright transferred to Stanford University. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives. Cite As KZSU Project South Interviews (SC0066). Department of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Historical Note During the summer of 1965, eight students from Stanford University spent ten weeks in the southern states tape-recording information on the civil rights movement. The eight interviewers -- Mary Kay Becker, Mark Dalrymple, Roger Dankert, Richard Gillam, James McRae, Penny Niland, Jon Roise, and Julie Wells -- were sponsored by KZSU, Stanford's student radio station, and their original intent was to gather material suitable for rebroadcasting in the form of radio programs. Much attention was focused on white civil rights workers, although a great deal of other documentation relevant to black history was also obtained: the interviewers visited over fifty civil rights projects in six states (see appendix) and secured three hundred and thirty hours of recordings, including over two hundred hours of personal interviews. In addition to interviewing members of various, well-known civil rights groups -- the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC or `Snick') -- the student interviewers also recorded the formal and the informal remarks of those working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and of many others including Ku Klux Klansmen and Southerners connected with the Sheriff's Department of Clay County, Mississippi. The interviewers, in addition, spoke with many white volunteers who participated in Snick's `Washington Lobby' (aimed at unseating the all-white Mississippi Congressional Delegation) but who did not actually go south. Several of the two-man interview teams recorded parts of the Jackson, Bougalusa, Greensboro, Crawfordsville, and West Point demonstrations, and also gathered various other action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstrations. Finally, the interviewers recorded many mass meetings and gathered much material on the orientation sessions of MFDP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and of SCLC in Atlanta, Georgia. All of these original tape recordings are now housed in the Library of Recorded Sound, Stanford, California. The following pages contain transcripts of the majority of recordings mentioned above. It is hoped that these volumes will rescue from obscurity a body of information which we believe can be of great use both to scholars and to laymen interested in the dramatic history of the civil rights movement during the past decade. This material may prove to be especially valuable because it concerns a transitional period between the first `freedom summer' of 1964, the high tide of civil rights, and the `Meredith March of 1966 during which Stokely Carmichael first voiced the compelling cry of `Black Power'. In fact, Guide to the KZSU Project South SC0066 2 Interviews at least one essay and a documentary history based on these recordings are already in progress, and it is expected that more will soon follow. Many of the interviewees are identified by name on the first page of the transcripts which follow. Because of the long time which has already elapsed since the interviews were recorded, however, it is requested that these names not be used in print unless the written consent of the interviewees concerned is first obtained. In closing, we would like to express our thanks to the Stanford Institute of American History and to the Stanford Library for financial support which made possible the transcription of the original recordings. We would also like to thank Mrs. Betty Eldon of the Institute of American History who accepted the added burden of paperwork connected with this transcription project with tolerance and good humor. Finally, we acknowledge a particular debt to Professor George Knoles for his unfailing encouragement and support. Richard Gillam James D. McRae Palo Alto January 1969 Scope and Content This collection contains transcribed meetings and interviews with Civil Rights workers in the South recorded by several Stanford students affiliated with the campus radio station KZSU during the summer of 1965. The project was sponsored by the Institute of American History at Stanford. The collection includes information relating to black history; interviews of members of the Congress of Racial Equality, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; transcripts of formal and informal remarks of persons working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and other people, including Ku Klux Klansmen; transcribed action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstration; speeches by and/or interviews with Ralph David Abernathy, Charles Evers, James Farmer, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Hosea Williams; and a Ku Klux Klan meeting and speech made by Robert Sheldon, its Imperial Wizard. Access Terms Abernathy, Ralph,, 1926-1990. Congress of Racial Equality. Evers, Charles, 1922- Farmer, James. King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968. Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) KZSU (Radio station: Stanford, Calif.) McDaniel, Edward L., 1934-2011. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Shelton, Robert M., 1929-2003. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.). Williams, Hosea. Civil rights--United States. Appendix: Projects Visited Alabama - Southern Christian Leadership Conference Demopolis Greensboro Greenville Luverne Marion Midway Montgomery Guide to the KZSU Project South SC0066 3 Interviews Selma (also the SNCC project located there) Arkansas - Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Little Rock - state headquarters Georgia - Southern Christian Leadership Conference Atlanta - Southern headquarters of SCLC & SNCC Crawfordville Macon Louisiana - Congress of Racial Equality Baton Rouge - state headquarters Bogalusa Clinton Ferriday Greensburg Homer Jonesboro Minden Monroe New Orleans project New Roads Plaquemine - evaluation session Shreveport Southern Regional CORE office St. Francisville Tallulah Waveland, Miss. - orientation Mississippi - Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Batesville Beasley Belzoni Biloxi Canton Clarksdale Cleveland Greenville Greenwood Hattiesburg - orientation Holly Springs Indianola Jackson - state headquarters Laurel McComb Mileston Mt. Beulah Natchez Phela Philadelphia Quitman Ruleville Guide to the KZSU Project South SC0066 4 Interviews Shaw Vicksburg West Point Whites South Carolina - Southern Christian Leadership Conference Columbia Orangeburg White CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) Volunteers Box 1, Folder 1 Meldon, Acheson, white, male, CORE student summer volunteer, 0290, Ferriday, Louisiana Box 1, Folder 2 Danbert, ?, white, male, CORE Staff member, 0037 Box 1, Folder 3 Anonymous, white, male, CORE volunteer, 0028, Bogalusa, Louisiana Box 1, Folder 4 Charles [UNK], white, male, CORE student volunteer, 0044 - 1 (side 2), Bogalusa, Louisiana. Box 1, Folder 5 Michael Clurman, white, male, CORE volunteer, 0287 (sides 1 and 2), Ferriday, Louisiana Box 1, Folder 6 Mimi Feingold, white, female, CORE student volunteer, 0124-0125 (side 1), Clinton, Louisiana, July 5 Box 1, Folder 7 Martin Goldstein, white, male, CORE student volunteer, 0123 (side 1 and 2), Clinton Louisiana. Box 1, Folder 8 Joan Grieco, white, female, CORE summer volunteer, 0045-1 (side 1), Bogalusa, Louisiana Box 1, Folder 9 Harold Ickes, white, male, CORE summer volunteer, 0353, Tallulah, Louisiana Box 1, Folder 10 Howard Kaibel, white, male, married, CORE volunteer, 0129 (side 1), Greensburg, La. Box 1, Folder 11 Rowena N. Kaibel, white, female, CORE volunteer, 0127 (side 1 and 2), Greensburg, La. Box 1, Folder 12 Fred Lacey, white, male, 20, CORE, 0126 (side 1 and 2), Greensburg,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Detailed 2018-2019 University Committee List
    Detailed 2018-2019 University Committee List - Apply Here: https://goo.gl/forms/jz9X66df2BLSpbaC2 ​ Note : All Committees reserve the right to re-appoint student nominees for additional terms. # Committee Committee Contact # Students & Time Commitment Student Needs & Notes Name Information Details 1 Academic Paul Murray 3 (Combination of Meets approximately twice a quarter, for a Council: Research Computing Undergrads and total of 6 meetings a year. Meeting have Committee on Strategist Grads; if more than traditionally been late in the day, ~4ish for Academic 650-723-4328 one Grad student is 1.5hr. Snacks and drinks provided! Computing and [email protected] selected, they Information should be from Systems different schools) 2 Academic Laura Remillard, 4 (Graduate The Committee on Graduate Studies usually 2014-15: need representation from H&S, Council: Academic Committee students; they meets on Wednesdays 12-1:30pm, every Earth Sciences, SoM, GSB and Law. Committee on Coordinator, (650) should be from two weeks. Meets approximately five times Graduate 475-6075, different schools). a quarter. The committee has academic policy Studies [email protected] Preference should responsibilities for the substance and be given to Students who are interested in C-GS should presentation of graduate education (e.g. returning members be aware of this kind of commitment, as graduate admissions, minimum standards for due to the ongoing our students have been very active graduate work, graduate financial aid, discussions from members over the last few years. minority recruitment/retention, initiation and year to year. renewal of graduate degree programs, etc.). 3 Academic Mimi Calter, Deputy Students Needed: 3 Meets approximately twice a quarter.
    [Show full text]
  • Stanford University, Cantor Arts Center, Videorecordings
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt038nd9vz No online items Guide to the Stanford University, Cantor Arts Center, Videorecordings Daniel Hartwig Stanford University. Libraries.Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford, California November 2010 Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Stanford University, V0194 1 Cantor Arts Center, Videorecordings Overview Call Number: V0194 Creator: Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University Title: Stanford University, Cantor Arts Center, videorecordings Dates: 1999 Physical Description: 0.01 Linear feet 1 video disc Summary: Videorecording (and DVD copy) on the repair and renovation of the museum, with an emphasis on the final six months; persons interviewed are Richard M. Olcott, principal architect, Mindy Cameron, exhibition designer, Thomas K. Seligman, director, and Hilarie Faberman, curator. Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6064 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Gift of Jack Hubbard, 1999. Information about Access This collection is open for research. Ownership & Copyright All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 Part 1: Records of the President’s Office Editorial Adviser Cynthia P. Lewis Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 [microform] / project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. microfilm reels. — (Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Blair D. Hydrick, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. Contents: pt. 1. Records of the President’s Office—pt. 2. Records of the Executive Director and Treasurer—[etc.]—pt. 4. Records of the Program Department. ISBN 1-55655-555-5 (pt. 1 : microfilm) 1. Southern Christian Leadership Conference—Archives. 2. Afro- Americans—Civil rights—Southern States—History—Sources. 3. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century— Sources. 4. Southern States—Race relations—History—Sources. I. Boehm, Randolph. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. VI. Series. [E185.61] 323.1’196073075—dc20 95-24346 CIP Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-555-5.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam War on Trial: the Court-Martial of Dr. Howard B. Levy
    Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons Faculty Publications 1994 Vietnam War on Trial: The Court-Martial of Dr. Howard B. Levy Robert N. Strassfeld Case Western Reserve University - School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Military, War, and Peace Commons Repository Citation Strassfeld, Robert N., "Vietnam War on Trial: The Court-Martial of Dr. Howard B. Levy" (1994). Faculty Publications. 551. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications/551 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. TilE VIETNAM WAR ON TRIAL: TilE COURT-MARTIAL OF DR. HOWARD B. LEVY ROBERT N. STRASSFELD• This Article examines the history of a Vietnam War-era case: the court-martial of Dr. Howard B. Levy. The U.S. Army court-martialled Dr. Levy for refusing to teach medicine to Green Beret soldiers and for criticizing both the Green Berets and American involvement in Vietnam. Although the Supreme Court eventually upheld Levy's convicti on in Parkerv. Levy, ill decision obscures the political content of Levy's court-martial and its relationshipto the war. At the court-martialLe vy sought to defend himself by showing that his disparaging remarks about the Green Berets, identifying them as "killers of peasants and murderers of women and children," were true and that his refusal to teach medicine to Green Beret soldiers was dictated by medical ethics, given the ways in which the soldiers would misuse their medical knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
    CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Codification and the California Mentality Lewis Grossman
    Hastings Law Journal Volume 45 | Issue 3 Article 7 1-1994 Codification and the California Mentality Lewis Grossman Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lewis Grossman, Codification and the California Mentality, 45 Hastings L.J. 617 (1994). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol45/iss3/7 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Essay Codification and the California Mentality by LEwIS GROSSMAN* Introduction: The Pomeroy Paradox On August 8, 1878, John Norton Pomeroy, the principal instruc- tor at the newly established Hastings College of Law in San Francisco, delivered the school's inaugural address. It was the culminating mo- ment of an exhilarating decade for California's legal profession. Six years earlier, in 1872, California had moved to the forefront of American legal reform by becoming one of the first states in the nation to codify its complete body of laws. The legislature had en- acted the California Code, which included new Civil, Criminal, and Political Codes, as well as a revised Code of Civil Procedure. Com- mittees of prominent attorneys had drafted the Code, basing it largely on the work of the illustrious New York jurist, David Dudley Field.' The centerpiece of the California Code was the Civil Code, which consolidated all of the state's statutory and common-law rules gov- erning private relations (corporations, property, torts, contracts, and domestic matters) into one meticulously arranged volume.2 Only * Associate, Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Moshe Shur Findingaid.Pdf
    Queens College, City University of New York Benjamin S. Rosenthal Library Special Collections Moshe Shur Papers 1965-2008 Processed by Whitney Bates, Spring 2013, edited and approved by Alexandra Dolan-Mescal, Fall 2013 Moshe Shur Papers Table of Contents Summary………………………………………………………………… Page 3 Biographical Note……………………………………………………….... Page 5 Scope & Content Note………………………………………………….... Page 7 Arrangement Note……………………………………………………….... Page 7 Series Description & Container List…………………………………….. Page 8 2 Moshe Shur Papers Summary Title: Moshe Shur Papers, 1965-2008 (bulk 1968) Dates: 1965-2008 (bulk 1968) Extent: 1 flat box Creator: Shur, Moshe Language: English Abstract: Rabbi Moshe Shur is an adjunct Professor of Jewish History at Queens College, City University of New York. During the summers of 1965 and 1966, as a student at Columbia University, Rabbi Shur traveled to Orangeburg, South Carolina to register black voters as a part of the Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) program. The Moshe Shur Papers contain newspaper clippings about events surrounding the two summers Shur spend in the South, video footage of Orangeburg County, newspapers from the days following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., book excerpts, and related Queens College publications. Source: Donated by Moshe Shur in 2013. Access: Collection is open for research. Staff may restrict access at its discretion on the basis of physical condition. Copyright: The Moshe Shur Collection is physically owned by the Queens College Libraries. Literary rights, including copyright, belong to the authors or their legal heirs and assignees. The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Queens College assumes no responsibility for the infringement of copyrights held by the original authors, creators, or producers of materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2020 Magazine
    SPRING 2020 INSIDE TEN YEARS OF COLLECTING • MARK DION • NEW CURATOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY & NEW MEDIA “This brightly colored, monumental piece has something to say—and not just because it’s a play on words. One thing we hope it conveys to students and visitors n is a good-natured ‘Come in! You a m r e k c a are welcome here.’ ” D an Sus Susan Dackerman John & Jill Freidenrich Director of the Cantor Arts Center Yo, Cantor! The museum’s newest large-scale sculpture, in Japanese. “The fact that this particular work Deborah Kass’s OY/YO, speaks in multicultural resonates so beautifully in so many languages to tongues: Oy, as in “oy vey,” is a Yiddish term so many communities is why I wanted to make it of fatigue, resignation, or woe. Yo is a greeting monumental,” artist Kass told the New York Times. associated with American teenagers; it also means “I” in Spanish and is used for emphasis Learn more at museum.stanford.edu/oyyo CONTENTS SPRING 2020 QUICK TOUR 4 News, Acquisitions & Museum Highlights FACULTY PERSPECTIVE 6 Sara Houghteling on Literature and Art CURATORIAL PERSPECTIVE 7 Crossing the Caspian with Alexandria Brown-Hejazi FEATURE 8 Paper Chase: Ten Years of Collecting 3 THINGS TO KNOW 13 About Artist and Alumnus Richard Diebenkorn EXHIBITION GRAPHIC 14 A Cabinet of Cantor Curiosities: PAGE 8 Paper Chase: the Cantor’s major spring exhibition Mark Dion Transforms Two Galleries includes prints from Pakistani-born artist Ambreen Butt, whose work contemplates issues of power and autonomy in the lives of young women.
    [Show full text]
  • Alumni Association
    August 2014 August 2014 Alumni Association 333 Ravenswood Avenue • M/S AC-108 Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493 Voicemail: 650-859-5100 Email: [email protected] Web page: http://www.sri.com/about/alumni MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN PETE VALENTI Hi Folks, of directors has chosen William Jeffrey, Ph.D., to succeed Curt Carlson as president and CEO. Read all about the new It’s reunion time again. Yes, CEO and about Curt’s new role. Also read about this year’s our 2014 Annual SRI Alumni recipients of SRI’s highest honor for technical achievement, Reunion will be on Thursday, the Fellows Award. September 18. Our plans include a very special musical treat (I’m not Other interesting articles deal with SRI technical kidding), food and drink— tasty achievements, including food recognition technology that as always—interesting speakers, will help you decide whether you want to eat the food on an announcement of a new benefit your plate. Across the pond, the UK alumni visited the Pete Valenti for Alumni Association members, wonderfully restored Cutty Sark in Greenwich. and, of course, door prizes. Please plan to attend this event if at all possible. Remember In the History Corner, Bob Schwaar has done a wonderful that there’s no limit to the number of guests that you can job documenting the history of the actual land that today is invite, particularly former SRI employees who currently the SRI campus. Have you ever seen a ghost at SRI? Maybe aren’t members of the Alumni Association. The first year of it’s one of those souls from the past wandering our hallowed membership is free, and we’ll make signing up easy right at halls! the reunion.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Senate of the United States. Letter from the Secretary of The
    University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 4-20-1894 In the Senate of the United States. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, in response to the Senate resolution of December 21, 1893, transmitting a report from the Third Auditor of the Treasury and accompanying papers relative to the Indian war claims of the State of California. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation S. Exec. Doc. No. 84, 53rd Cong., 2nd Sess. (1894) This Senate Executive Document is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 53D CONGRESS, } SENATE. Ex. Doo. 2d Session. { No.84. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNIT.ED STATES. LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, IN RESPONSE TO The Senate resoliition of December 21, 1893, transrnitti'ng a report from the Third Auditor of the Treasury and accompanying papers relative to the Indian war cla,im,s of the State of'Oalifornia. A.PRIL 20, 1894,-Referred to-the- Committee on· Military Affairs-and· ordered to bO •····· """''"• ·· ·printed. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, . OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D. O., April 18, 1894.
    [Show full text]
  • BUILDING the RAILROAD the Central Pacific Met Its Greatest
    BUILDING THE RAILROAD TO PROMONTORY SUMMIT DRIVING THE GOLDEN SPIKE PROMONTORY AFTER MAY 10 The Central Pacific met its greatest challenge at the outset—the In November 1868—before the decision was made in Washington— The companies chose May 8 as the date for joining the rails, but The new tent city of Promontory lived a short but evil life after towering Sierra Nevada, which presented enormous engineering it became clear to Central engineers that they could not beat the UP delays set it back 2 days. On May 9, Union Pacific laid track to May 10. Even after the terminus moved to Ogden in early 1870, the obstacles and strangling winter snows. Deep fills, rock cuts, high to Ogden, and thus capture the Great Basin trade. CP, therefore, within one length of the Central Pacific, thus setting the scene for the CP maintained a roundhouse and engines at Promontory to help trestles, snaking grades, and 15 tunnels through 6,213 feet of solid settled on the strategem of blocking UP progress west of Ogden. If ceremonies the following day. heavily loaded trains up the east slope. granite blooded the CP crews. To protect the track from snowslides, successful, this would salvage at least part of the Great Basin trade they built 37 miles of wooden snowsheds and galleries. During for CP. Driven by this goal, CP went to work with a vengeance be­ On the morning of May 10, the UP delegation arrived. It was headed In 1903, Southern Pacific, which had absorbed Central Pacific, began severe weather they hauled materials by sled and wagon over the tween Monument Point, on the northern end of Great Salt Lake, by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Tom Marshall's Weekly News, May 5, 2014 How California Became
    Tom Marshall’s Weekly News, May 5, 2014 How California Became “American”: Since the time of the Franciscan Missions along the California coast in the late 18th century, Mexico assumed California was simply a northwest extension of its country. With the provincial capital at Monterey, great but often corrupt Hispanic landowners governed most of what is the present State of California. They sometimes had to defend against Indians but were tolerant of a few English- speaking settlers, explorers such as John C. Fremont and passive Russians who had a fort in the north. That was the situation until the mid-1840s. An outstanding and probably the most benevolent of the landowners of Mexican descent was Mariano Vallejo, whose holdings included several million acres around and north of San Francisco Bay. The government of Mexico, in great turmoil itself, did not govern California well, and the landowners debated whether they should become a part of Spain or that of another European power. Vallejo inserted his considerable political influence on the side of the United States, and because this effort succeeded, he eventually lost most of his fortune and nearly all his land. When the U. S. government sent troops to California to defend the territory, young officers such as Ulysses S. Grant were stationed there and, unofficially at least, had to report to Vallejo. When gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill east of Sacramento in 1848, that changed everything. The lure of quick fortunes brought thousands of prospectors from the east in a wave that was called the Forty-Niners’ Gold Rush.
    [Show full text]