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Stanford-Lathrop Memorial Home 800 N Street Sacramento Sacramento

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Stanford-Lathrop Memorial Home 800 N Street Sacramento Sacramento Stanford-Lathrop Memorial Home HABS No. CA-1709 800 N Street Sacramento Sacramento County California 1~—f ~- PHOTOGRAPHS t WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Buildings Survey National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. 20205 ■HA 85 -W/S PHOTOGRAPH-DATA BOOK REPORT CAL-1709 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDIHG SURVET Page 1 STANFORD-LATHROP MEMORIAL HOME Sacramento, Sacramento County, California ADDRESS: 800 N Street (Southeast corner of 8th and K), Sacramento, California (WNER: Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento OCCUPANT: Sisters of Social Service BSE: Home for Adolescent Girls m ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE: As a private home, and later as an unofficial mansion for two California governors (Leland Stanford and F. F. Low), this building has been closely associated with a number of impor- tant social and political events of the period from 185? (when it was built) to I87ii, when the Stanfords moved to San Francisco. Since 1900, under two different Roman Catholic sisterhoods, it has been a focus for orphan children or problem children as well as an occasional center of civic festivities (as in 1939, at the Sacramento centennial). Architecturally it is one of the most impressive residential buildings to survive from the 19th Century; its various revisions have resulted in a structure which is a cross-section of architectural fashions and yet a unified whole. The reconstitution of the interiors (after 1939), somewhat as they were in the I870*s, as well as the presence of untouched period fittings, make it a rare example of high Victorian taste of the silver age, comparable to the great houses destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake and fire. (.. A L. CAL-1709 Page 2 HISTORICAL INFCRMATION: The original owner and builder of the house was Shelton C, Fogus, a pioneer merchant of Sacramento. Fogus was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1817$ he was a veteran of the Mexican war and painted a large scene of the fall of Col. John Hardin at the Battle of Buena Vista (18k?), which he later took about the country. In 1856, Fogus bought two lots at the southeast corner of 8th and N streets, in Sacramento, from William Doddj Fogus then built a small structure on the property at an estimated cost of $2,000. In 1857, Seth Babson (born 1828 in Maine, died 1?07 in California) was commissioned to design a fine house of brick and plaster. This house and property were deeded to Leland Stan- ford for $8,000 cash in 1861. (The sale was executed on July 10, but recorded on July 11. The assessor's records indicate the sale of "lots 1 and 2"; see Book 31, p. 78. $8,000.00 was less than the 1858 assessed valuation of the property. Shelton Fogus left Sacramento in 1862 to seek his fortune in the Comstock; he became a founder of Reno, Nevada, and made and lost two small fortunes in that area.) On September k9 1861, Leland Stanford became Governor of California, after having once failed in the effort. His inauguration took place on January 10, 1862. Re- turning from the inaugural ceremonies in a row boat (the winter • of 1861-62 saw severe flooding of Sacramento), the Governor found his new house inundated to the level of the parlor windows; some of the furniture was floating in the first floor rooms of the two-story house. (The Stanfords had previously occupied a modest house on 2nd Street, between 0 and P3 Leland had been trained as a lawyer in New Xork state, but came to California in 1852 and opened a general merchandise store at Gold Springs, near Placer- ville. He moved to Michigan City, California, until 1855* when he went to Albany to get his wife, Jane Eliza Lathrop.) In addition to the loss of interior fittings, the flood of 1862 caused severe loss of trees and garden plantings; about three hundred wagon loads of silt and debris were removed, and seven or eight hundred trees, plants and vines were replanted. In I863, the Stanfords leased their home to F. F. Low (the lease effective December 1, 1863 for a period of four years), the newly elected Governor from December 10, 1863 to December h, 1867. The lease was apparently modified, for Leland Jr. was born here on May Hi, 1868. (He died on March 12, 188U of typhoid, fever, in the Grand Hotel, Florence, Italy.) Various quasi-legendary stories center around Leland Jr.'s first days in the house, such as his being presented as a small baby to assembled guests on a silver salver, etc. Minor changes to the house occurred throughout the 1860*55 the major changes took place in 1871-72, when the affluence of the Stanfords indicated more ample entertainment # HA65' " CAU." - ■ GAL-1709 Page 3 facilities. (The assessment of the property after 1872 was $W,000—a considerable change from the $8,000 Stanford had paid in 1861.) In February of 1872, a famous reception in honor of Governor Newton Booth, gave the revised house greater social dis- tinction. On February 25, 1873> Mrs. Elizabeth Stanford, Leland Sr.'s mother, died in the house at the age of 82 years and 10 months. By this time, even the glories of the revised house could not hold the Stanfords in provincial Sacramento, and they left in I87ii for the splendors of a more pretensious mansion on Nob Hill (southwest corner of California and Powell) in San Francisco. Mr> Stanford died in 1893, and Mrs. Stanford gave the Sacramento house to Bishop Grace of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento on April 18, 1900—accompanying the gift with an endowment of $75*000 to make the home into an orphanage. Administered first by the Sisters of Mercy, in 1936 the Stanford-Lathrop Memorial Home passed to the Sisters of Social Service to be used as a home for problem adolescent girls. The Home is open by request at any reasonable hour of the day—"depending on the Sisters* schedules. Stanford Home SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS AW SOURCES; California State Historical Landmark No. 6liif Bagley, Harry P. "Shelton Fogus and the Stanford Home", Sacramento Bee, May 23, 19^2. Great Register of Sacramento for 1868. Kirker, Harold California Architecture in the 19th CenturyJ A Social History—a thesis for the University of California now published as California's Architectural Frontier, Huntington library, i960, Lewis, Oscar Here lived the Californians. New York, Rinehart, 1957. See pp. 12*6-150 (some errors of fact). Sacramento Union J^ly 12, 1861. San Francisco Chronicle February 7, 1872. State Library, 'Sacramento California Room. Cf. special card entries, Warren, Col. James Lloyd La Fayette California Farmer« v. 17, p. 1, July h, 1862. Wenzel, Caroline "Finding Facts about the Stanfords in California State Library." California Historical Society Quarterly, "ffit, no.' 3 (Sept. 19U0), pp. 2U^-2^5. IJhpublished manuscript notes on old Sacramento, C A!-~ CAL-1709 Page k ARCHHEGIURAL INFORMATION: The earliest stages of construction of buildings on the property are not clear, as a structure costing $2,000 is described as being erected immediately after the purchase of the two lots in 1856 by Shelton Fogus. In 1857-58, Fogus hired Seth Babson to design a brick two-story house. This house had the four square Georgian clarity of plan (central hall, parlors and dining room on the main floor, bedrooms above) of Babson's New England background; even the parapet above the cornice line suggested a house of the northeast coast of about 1800, close to Mc In tire— as did the shallow classicist porch of the front entrance, with its added overtones of the Greek Revival. The ornamental flavor of the cornices over the windows and the quoins, however, added to these underlying background qualities a strong Italianate aspect—recalling the rows of London houses in the I850fs with their pedimented windows and heavy cornices, but adding a more fanciful Mannerist rather than Renaissance cast to the 16th century Italian sources used in London. Babson's design is extraordinarily old fashioned and sophisticated both for the period and the area. It recalls the Italian Villa of the east and midwest in its intermediate stage—when it had emerged from the medievalizing tendencies of the early Italian Villa (still influenced by the Gothic Revival) into the more mannered Villa of the 1850's. However, the Fogus house had none of the pictur- esque asymmetric massing of the later Italian Villa, which is most characteristic of this type—and lacked altogether the high tower so often seen on this period's houses. It was distinctly a Georgian block and plan with the fashionable Mannerist ornament of the I850fs, comparable to many commercial buildings in down- town Sacramento (the Leggett-Booth building at 1023 1st Street is of exactly the same date and has the same cornices and fantastic consoles). Babson's obituary in the Architect and Engineer of California, 10:U, August, s1907, describes him as follows: "He was born in Maine, which State he left to settle in Massachusetts and where he remained to the year 1850, at which time he trans- ferred his activities to California, locating at Sacramento where he at once entered into his professional life and where he con- tinued for the succeeding twenty years being intimately associated during that period with the pioneer projectors of the Central Pacific railroad then in the course of construction, and the residences built at Sacramento then the finest in the State by these individuals bear witness to his professional ability and activity, moving later to Alameda where he lived for the past twenty-eight years, continuously practicing his profession up to the time of his death." m HAP S CAL-1709 5 The Sacramento Union of July 12, l86l described Stanford's purchase of this house and its dependencies: "A two-story brick dwelling house, finished in a costly manner inside and out, with addition of frame building, brick stable, fruit trees, shrubbery, etc., surrounding it." On July U, 1862, there appeared in the California Farmer a wood engraving by Van Vleck and Keith ("first photographed by Mr.
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