From Einthoven's Galvanometer to Single-Channel Recording
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書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 N1 Ueber Das Zustandekommen Der
書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-immunitat und der Tetanus-Immunitat bei thieren / Emil Adolf N1 1890 Georg thieme 1901 von Behring N2 Diphtherie und tetanus immunitaet / Emil Adolf von Behring und Kitasato 19-- [Akitomo Matsuki] 1901 Malarial fever its cause, prevention and treatment containing full details for the use of travellers, University press of N3 1902 1902 sportsmen, soldiers, and residents in malarious places / by Ronald Ross liverpool Ueber die Anwendung von concentrirten chemischen Lichtstrahlen in der Medicin / von Prof. Dr. Niels N4 1899 F.C.W.Vogel 1903 Ryberg Finsen Mit 4 Abbildungen und 2 Tafeln Twenty-five years of objective study of the higher nervous activity (behaviour) of animals / Ivan N5 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by W. Horsley Gantt ; with the collaboration of G. Volborth ; and c1928 International Publishing 1904 an introduction by Walter B. Cannon Conditioned reflexes : an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex / by Ivan Oxford University N6 1927 1904 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by G.V. Anrep Press N7 Die Ätiologie und die Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose / Robert Koch ; eingeleitet von M. Kirchner 1912 J.A.Barth 1905 N8 Neue Darstellung vom histologischen Bau des Centralnervensystems / von Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1893 Veit 1906 Traité des fiévres palustres : avec la description des microbes du paludisme / par Charles Louis Alphonse N9 1884 Octave Doin 1907 Laveran N10 Embryologie des Scorpions / von Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1870 Wilhelm Engelmann 1908 Immunität bei Infektionskrankheiten / Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov ; einzig autorisierte übersetzung von Julius N11 1902 Gustav Fischer 1908 Meyer Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen : Syphilis, Rückfallfieber, Hühnerspirillose, Frambösie / N12 1910 J.Springer 1908 von Paul Ehrlich und S. -
Die Woche Spezial
In cooperation with DIE WOCHE SPEZIAL >> Autographs>vs.>#NobelSelfie Special >> Big>Data>–>not>a>big>deal,> Edition just>another>tool >> Why>Don’t>Grasshoppers> Catch>Colds? SCIENCE SUMMIT The>64th>Lindau>Nobel>Laureate>Meeting> devoted>to>Physiology>and>Medicine More than 600 young scientists came to Lindau to meet 37 Nobel laureates CAREER WONGSANIT > Women>to>Women: SUPHAKIT > / > Science>and>Family FOTOLIA INFLAMMATION The>Stress>of>Ageing > FLASHPICS > / > MEETINGS > FOTOLIA LAUREATE > CANCER RESEARCH NOBEL > LINDAU > / > J.>Michael>Bishop>and GÄRTNER > FLEMMING > JUAN > / the>Discovery>of>the>first> > CHRISTIAN FOTOLIA Human>Oncogene EDITORIAL IMPRESSUM Chefredakteur: Prof. Dr. Carsten Könneker (v.i.S.d.P.) Dear readers, Redaktionsleiter: Dr. Daniel Lingenhöhl Redaktion: Antje Findeklee, Jan Dönges, Dr. Jan Osterkamp where>else>can>aspiring>young>scientists> Ständige Mitarbeiter: Lars Fischer Art Director Digital: Marc Grove meet>the>best>researchers>of>the>world> Layout: Oliver Gabriel Schlussredaktion: Christina Meyberg (Ltg.), casually,>and>discuss>their>research,>or>their> Sigrid Spies, Katharina Werle Bildredaktion: Alice Krüßmann (Ltg.), Anke Lingg, Gabriela Rabe work>–>or>pressing>global>problems?>Or> Verlag: Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Slevogtstraße 3–5, 69126 Heidelberg, Tel. 06221 9126-600, simply>discuss>soccer?>Probably>the>best> Fax 06221 9126-751; Amtsgericht Mannheim, HRB 338114, UStd-Id-Nr. DE147514638 occasion>is>the>annual>Lindau>Nobel>Laure- Geschäftsleitung: Markus Bossle, Thomas Bleck Marketing und Vertrieb: Annette Baumbusch (Ltg.) Leser- und Bestellservice: Helga Emmerich, Sabine Häusser, ate>Meeting>in>the>lovely>Bavarian>town>of> Ute Park, Tel. 06221 9126-743, E-Mail: [email protected] Lindau>on>Lake>Constance. Die Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ist Kooperati- onspartner des Nationalen Instituts für Wissenschaftskommunikation Daniel>Lingenhöhl> GmbH (NaWik). -
Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1] By: Lienhard, Dina A. Keywords: vision [2] Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments on cats in which he sewed one of their eyes shut and monitored the response of the cat’s visual system after opening the sutured eye. For his work on visual processing, Wiesel received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [3] in 1981 along with David Hubel and Roger Sperry. Wiesel determined the critical period during which the visual system of a mammal [4] develops and studied how impairment at that stage of development can cause permanent damage to the neural pathways of the eye, allowing later researchers and surgeons to study the treatment of congenital vision disorders. Wiesel was born on 3 June 1924 in Uppsala, Sweden, to Anna-Lisa Bentzer Wiesel and Fritz Wiesel as their fifth and youngest child. Wiesel’s mother stayed at home and raised their children. His father was the head of and chief psychiatrist at a mental institution, Beckomberga Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, where the family lived. Wiesel described himself as lazy and playful during his childhood. He went to Whitlockska Samskolan, a coeducational private school in Stockholm, Sweden. At that time, Wiesel was interested in sports and became the president of his high school’s athletic association, which he described as his only achievement from his younger years. In 1941, at the age of seventeen, Wiesel enrolled at Karolinska Institutet (Royal Caroline Institute) in Solna, Sweden, where he pursued a medical degree and later pursued his own research. -
Tomaso A. Poggio
BK-SFN-NEUROSCIENCE-131211-09_Poggio.indd 362 16/04/14 5:25 PM Tomaso A. Poggio BORN: Genova, Italy September 11, 1947 EDUCATION: University of Genoa, PhD in Physics, Summa cum laude (1971) APPOINTMENTS: Wissenschaftlicher Assistant, Max Planck Institut für Biologische Kybernetik, Tubingen, Germany (1978) Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Psychology and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1981) Uncas and Helen Whitaker Chair, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988) Eugene McDermott Professor, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2002) HONORS AND AWARDS (SELECTED): Otto-Hahn-Medaille of the Max Planck Society (1979) Member, Neurosciences Research Program (1979) Columbus Prize of the Istituto Internazionale delle Comunicazioni Genoa, Italy (1982) Corporate Fellow, Thinking Machines Corporation (1984) Founding Fellow, American Association of Artificial Intelligence (1990) Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1997) Foreign Member, Istituto Lombardo dell’Accademia di Scienze e Lettere (1998) Laurea Honoris Causa in Ingegneria Informatica, Bicentenario dell’Invezione della Pila, Pavia, Italia, March (2000) Gabor Award, International Neural Network Society (2003) Okawa Prize (2009) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2009) Tomaso Poggio began his career in collaboration -
Nobel Prizes
W W de Herder Heroes in endocrinology: 1–11 3:R94 Review Nobel Prizes Open Access Heroes in endocrinology: Nobel Prizes Correspondence Wouter W de Herder should be addressed to W W de Herder Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, ’s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Email The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first awarded in 1901. Since then, the Nobel Key Words Prizes in Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry and Physics have been awarded to at least 33 " diabetes distinguished researchers who were directly or indirectly involved in research into the field " pituitary of endocrinology. This paper reflects on the life histories, careers and achievements of 11 of " thyroid them: Frederick G Banting, Roger Guillemin, Philip S Hench, Bernardo A Houssay, Edward " adrenal C Kendall, E Theodor Kocher, John J R Macleod, Tadeus Reichstein, Andrew V Schally, Earl " neuroendocrinology W Sutherland, Jr and Rosalyn Yalow. All were eminent scientists, distinguished lecturers and winners of many prizes and awards. Endocrine Connections (2014) 3, R94–R104 Introduction Endocrine Connections Among all the prizes awarded for life achievements in In 1901, the first prize was awarded to the German medical research, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or physiologist Emil A von Behring (3, 4). This award heralded Medicine is considered the most prestigious. the first recognition of extraordinary advances in medicine The Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard that has become the legacy of Nobel’s prescient idea to Nobel (1833–1896), is well known as the inventor of recognise global excellence. -
Personalities in Photochemistry
Personalities in Photochemistry It is the people who make the science Concept of Photon Newton Maxwell (1643-1727) (1831-1879) Max Planck (1918) Albert Einstein (1921) Niels Bohr (1922) De Broglie (1929) The Basic Laws of Photochemistry Grohuss-Draper law The First Law of Photochemistry: light must be absorbed for photochemistry to occur. Grohus Drapper Stark-Einstein law The Second Law of Photochemistry: for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system, only one molecule is acBvated for a photochemical reacon. Stark Einstein Born – Oppenheimer Approximation Born Oppenheimer • Electronic motion faster than nuclear vibration. • Weak magnetic-electronic interactions separate spin motion from electronic and nuclear motion. Ψ - Ψo χ S Electronic Nuclear Spin Zeroth-order Approximation Vibrational Part Limits the Electronic Transition Franck Condon Stokes shift Owing to a decrease in bonding of the molecule in its excited state compared to that of the ground state, the energy difference between S0 and S1 is lowered prior to fluorescence emission (in about 0.1 to 100 ps). This is called Stokes’ shift. G.G. Stokes (1819-1903) Vavilov's rule The quantum yield of fluorescence and the quantum yield of phosphorescence are independent of initial excitation energy. S. Vavilov Kasha's rule Fluorescence occurs only from S1 to S0; phosphorescence occurs only from T1 to S0; Sn and Tn emissions are extremely rare. Kasha Ermolaev’s rule For large aromatic molecules the sum of the quantum yields of fluorescence and ISC is one i.e., rate of internal conversion is very slow with respect to the other two. Valerii L. -
365-369 POSTERS Sunda
365-369 POSTERS Sunda as a cold-sensitive allele in vivo. Our earlier analyses have the relaxed fiber at an ionic strength of 30 mM. Despite differences revealed that: (1) G680V exhibits reduced basal and actin-activated in magnitude, in all cases the frequency dependent stiffness ATPase activities; (2) it cannot move actin filaments and inhibits showed similar characteristics. The stiffness of the relaxed fiber at movement by wild type myosin in mixed assays; (3) it cosediments low ionic strength and the rigor stiffness after unloading at 30 mM with actin even in the presence of ATP, but not in the presence of closely coincided. No indication of attachment and/or detachment ATPyS; (4) its defects in vivo are suppressed by combining with a of cross bridges was observed in the spectrum of stiffness of the second mutation that accelerates Pi release. Here we report that relaxed fiber (in agreement with Bagni et al, G680V SI was unable to quench fluorescence of pyrene-actin in J.Electromyogr.Kinesiol.,1999). The present results indicate that the presence of ATP. In contrast, it quenched the pyrene the remainder of stiffness of the unloaded rigor is carried by fluorescence in the presence of ADP, indicating that an extended unloaded cross bridges. ADP-bound state cannot account for its excessive actin binding in the presence of ATP. Taken together, it was suggested that the Muscle Regulatory Proteins ATPase cycle of acto-G680V is blocked in a strongly bound 1 A.S .ADP.Pi state, or the "A state" of the 3G model (Geeves et al., 368-Pos Board # B224 1984). -
The Rockefeller University Story
CASPARY AUDITORIUM AND FOUNTAINS THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY STORY THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY STORY JOHN KOBLER THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY PRESS· 1970 COPYRIGHT© 1970 BY THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY PRESS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUE CARD NO. 76-123050 STANDARD BOOK NO. 8740-015-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INTRODUCTION The first fifty years of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research have been recorded in depth and with keen insight by the medical his torian, George W. Corner. His story ends in 1953-a major turning point. That year, the Institute, which from its inception had been deeply in volved in post-doctoral education and research, became a graduate uni versity, offering the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to a small number of exceptional pre-doctoral students. Since 1953, The Rockefeller University's research and education pro grams have widened. Its achievements would fill a volume at least equal in size to Dr. Corner's history. Pending such a sequel, John Kobler, a journalist and biographer, has written a brief account intended to acquaint the general public with the recent history of The Rockefeller University. Today, as in the beginning, it is an Institution committed to excellence in research, education, and service to human kind. FREDERICK SEITZ President of The Rockefeller University CONTENTS INTRODUCTION V . the experimental method can meet human needs 1 You, here, explore and dream 13 There's no use doing anything for anybody until they're healthy 2 5 ... to become scholarly scientists of distinction 39 ... greater involvement in the practical affairs of society 63 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 71 INDEX 73 . -
KITCHEN CHEMISTRY Bijeta Roynath & Prasanta Kumar Sahoo
Test Your Knowledge KITCHEN CHEMISTRY Bijeta Roynath & Prasanta Kumar Sahoo 1. The common cooking fuel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas 10. Which of the following could be produced by the gas (LPG), is a mixture of two hydrocarbons. These are: stove? (a) Methane and Butane (b) Propane and Butane (a) Nitrogen Oxides (b) Sulphur dioxides (c) Oxygen and Hydrogen (d) Hexane and Propane (c) Carbon monoxide (d) Dihydrogen oxide 2. Hydrocarbons in LPG are colourless and odourless. 11. Which of the following chemical is found in dish- Therefore, a strong smelling agent added to LPG washing detergent? cylinders to detect leakage is: (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Chlorine (a) Ethyl mercaptan (b) Nitrous oxide (c) Sulphur dioxide (d) Lithium (c) Hydrogen sulfide (d) Chloroform 12. Proteins help build our body and carbohydrates 3. Chemical irritant produced during chopping an provide energy to the body. The protein and onion (Allium cepa) which makes our eye weepy is: carbohydrate found in milk are: (a) Allinase (b) Sulfoxide (a) Albumin and maltose (b) Pepsin and sucrose (c) Syn-propanethial-S-oxide (d) Allyl mercaptan (c) Collagen and fructose (d) Casein and lactose 4. The powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant 13. Salt readily absorbs water from the surroundings. properties of haldi or turmeric (Curcuma longa) are Sprinkling salt on salad releases water from it after due to presence of: few seconds. The process is: (a) Curcumin (b) Gingerol (a) Osmosis (b) Adsorption (c) Cymene (d) Capsaicin (c) Dehydration (d) Oxidation 5. The active ingredient in chilli peppers (Capsicum) 14. Washing hands before eating prevents illness which produces heat and burning sensation in the by killing germs. -
The 2009 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Erwin Neher, Physiology Or Medicine 1991
Journal of Visualized Experiments www.jove.com Video Article The 2009 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Erwin Neher, Physiology or Medicine 1991 Erwin Neher1 1 URL: http://www.jove.com/video/1563 DOI: doi:10.3791/1563 Keywords: Cellular Biology, Issue 33, electrophysiology, Nobel Prize, Nobel Laureate Meeting, Physiology or Medicine, 1991, single ion channels, patch- clamp Date Published: 11/11/2009 Citation: Neher, E. The 2009 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting: Erwin Neher, Physiology or Medicine 1991. J. Vis. Exp. (33), e1563, doi:10.3791/1563 (2009). Abstract Erwin Neher, born in 1944 in Landsberg Germany, shared the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Bert Sakmann for their pioneering work measuring the activity of single ion channels in cells. Their techniques have been developed into an array of cell recording methods, including cell-attached and whole cell recording patch clamp recordings. Inspired in part by Hodgkin and Huxley s work modeling action potentials in the squid giant axon, Neher pursued a career in biophysics, a field that had not yet been fully established. Following completion of his Ph.D. and post- doctoral work under H.D. Lux at the Max Planck Institute f r Psychiatrie, he joined a physical chemistry lab to learn how to perform single channel recordings in artificial membranes. Wishing to perform these types of recordings in living cells, Neher, with his friend and colleague Bert Sakmann, modified existing recording methods in hopes of significantly reducing background noise. Instead of puncturing the cell membrane, they placed the pipette onto the surface of the cell. This isolated a small patch of membrane, which they hoped would decrease the size of the signal source and increase impedance. -
"Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory" In
Woods Hole Marine Introductory article Biological Laboratory Article Contents • Introduction Kate MacCord, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Online posting date: 27th April 2018 Jane Maienschein, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods remained an independent institution until 2013, when it became Hole, Massachusetts, has had a long history of an affiliate of the University of Chicago. excellence in research and education. An indepen- The local waters off Cape Cod contain a rich biodiversity and dent institution for the first 125 years, it has been have a steady salinity year-round. The large range of organ- an affiliate of the University of Chicago since 2013. isms available was a major factor in the 1870s establishment Internationally acclaimed courses, summer visit- of a research centre for the US Fisheries Commission (Galtsoff, 1962). The nearby Annisquam Laboratory on the shores north of ing researchers and year-round research centres Boston and the Penikese Island School on the nearby Elizabeth make up this vibrant laboratory in a small vil- Islands had provided precedents in introducing students to the lage at the southwestern tip of Cape Cod. Over 50 region’s natural history. These educational and scientific prece- Nobel Prize winners have spent time at the MBL, dents led a board of founding trustees, including Boston-area phi- and the courses have trained the leaders in fields lanthropists and scientists, to choose the small village of Woods such as embryology and physiology. Public lectures, Hole, on the Cape’s southwesternmost point, as the location of a history of biology seminar and the Logan Sci- the newly incorporated MBL (Maienschein, 1985). -
Exploring the Nervous System
Exploring the Nervous System With Electronic Tools, An Institutional Base, A Network of Scientists By Robert L. Schoenfeld Professor Emeritus The Rockefeller University Explorers of the Nervous System: With Electronics, An Institutional Base, A Network of Scientists Copyright © 2006 Robert L. Schoenfeld All rights reserved. Universal Publishers Boca Raton, Florida • USA 2006 ISBN: 1-58112- 461-9 www.universal-publishers.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents.................................................................... iii Chapter 1.................................................................................. 1 Introduction, the Institutional Base Chapter 2................................................................................ 17 The Background Chapter 3................................................................................ 37 Herbert Gasser - Toennies Chapter 4................................................................................ 73 Mid Century - The Role of Technology Chapter 4 Appendix .............................................................. 81 Chapter 5................................................................................ 87 The Role of the Membrane - Hodgkin-Huxley, Eccles, Katz Chapter 6.............................................................................. 153 Rockefeller at Midcentury Chapter 7.............................................................................. 171 Rockefeller Institute Becomes A University Chapter 8.............................................................................