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6 Expected Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Public Disclosure Authorized Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Environmental Impact Public Disclosure Authorized Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East-West Highway section between Agara West – Didi Sative section (km 114 to km 126) Draft report (Contract Number TEWHIP/CS/QCBS-07) Public Disclosure Authorized December, 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara West and Didi Sative (km 114 to km 126) Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East- West Highway section between Agara West – Didi Sative section (km 114 to km 126) Draft report (Contract Number TEWHIP/CS/QCBS-07) December, 2012 Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara West and Didi Sative (km 114 to km 126) List of Acronyms EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EWH East - West Highway FS Feasibility Study HSE Health, Safety, Environment HS Health and Safety GoG Government of Georgia HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle KP Kilometre Post MCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MESD Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Geor- gia NKUK Nippon Koei UK MLHSA Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP/BP 4.01 World Banks Operational Policy on Environmental Assess- ment AH Affected households AP Affected people RAP Resettlement Action Plan QC/QA Quality Control and Quality Assurance RD Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia MoE Ministry of Environment Protection MRDIG Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Geor- gia RBG Red Book of Georgia Protected Species RoW Right of Way SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan TEM Trans-European Motorway ToR Terms of Reference WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organisation Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara West and Didi Sative (km 114 to km 126) Table of contents 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ................................................................................... 1 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 10 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................... 12 3.1 Overview of Georgian environmental legislation and WB policy ............................ 12 3.2 Environmental permitting procedure – national and WB regulations ...................... 15 3.4 Comparison of the national environmental legislation and WB requirements ......... 16 3.5 Institutional Framework ........................................................................................... 18 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................ 19 4.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Road elements and construction technology ............................................................ 20 4.2.1 Structural elements of the designed road ............................................................. 20 4.2.1 Design parameters of the road .............................................................................. 34 4.3 Traffic volume .......................................................................................................... 43 4.4 Mobilization and construction phase ........................................................................ 43 4.4.1. Mobilization ......................................................................................................... 43 4.4.2. Road construction works ...................................................................................... 44 4.4.3. Off-site works ...................................................................................................... 45 5 BASELINE DATA ....................................................................................................... 51 5.1 Physical conditions ................................................................................................... 51 5.1.1 Climate and meteorology ..................................................................................... 51 5.1.2 Geomorphology and geology ............................................................................... 55 5.1.3 Hydrogeology ...................................................................................................... 58 5.1.4 Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 59 5.1.5 Landscape and land use ........................................................................................ 68 5.1.6 Soils ..................................................................................................................... 69 5.1.7 Air quality ............................................................................................................ 76 5.1.8 Noise .................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.9 Seismic conditions and hazardous processes ....................................................... 77 5.2 Biological environment ............................................................................................ 78 5.2.1 Flora ..................................................................................................................... 78 5.2.2 Fauna .................................................................................................................... 80 5.2.3 Protected areas ..................................................................................................... 85 5.3 The socioeconomic and cultural environment .......................................................... 85 5.3.1 The human environment ...................................................................................... 85 5.3.2 Historical and archaeological sites ....................................................................... 93 6 EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .... 98 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 98 6.2 Impacts on water resources ....................................................................................... 99 6.2.1 Water impact assessment: road construction...................................................... 101 6.2.2 Water impact assessment: road operation .......................................................... 102 6.3 Waste management ................................................................................................. 103 6.3.1 Waste: road construction .................................................................................... 103 6.3.2 Waste: road operation ........................................................................................ 106 6.4 Impacts on air quality ............................................................................................. 106 6.4.1 Air pollution impact assessment: road construction ........................................... 106 6.4.2 Air pollution impact assessment: road operation ............................................... 107 6.4.3 Impacts on climate ............................................................................................. 110 6.5 Impacts on the noise environment .......................................................................... 112 6.5.1 Noise and vibration impact assessment: road construction ................................ 112 6.5.2 Modeling of long-term noise levels: road operation .......................................... 114 6.5.3 Recommended measures for noise level reduction ............................................ 119 6.6 Impacts on flora and fauna ..................................................................................... 120 6.6.1 Flora and fauna impact assessment: road construction ...................................... 124 6.6.2 Flora and fauna impact assessment: road operation ........................................... 128 6.7 Impacts on geology ................................................................................................. 131 . Environmental Impact Assessment of works for upgrading E-60 East -West Highway section between Agara West and Didi Sative (km 114 to km 126) 6.7.1 Geology impact assessment: road construction.................................................. 131 6.7.2 Geology impact assessment: road operation ...................................................... 132 6.8 Impacts on soils ...................................................................................................... 132 6.8.1 Soil impact assessment: road construction ......................................................... 133 6.8.2 Soil impact assessment: road operation ............................................................. 135 6.9 Impacts on the landscape ........................................................................................ 136 6.10 Socio-economic impacts ......................................................................................... 137 6.10.1 Socio-economic
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