DOCSLIB.ORG

GODDESS of LOVE and MISTRESS of the SEA P. Goodspeed 101 Is

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GODDESS of LOVE and MISTRESS of the SEA P. Goodspeed 101 Is GODDESS OF LOVE AND MISTRESS OF THE SEA NOTES ON A HELLENISTIC HYMN TO ARSINOE-APHRODITE (P. LIT. GOODSP. 2, I-IV)* Abstract: This article analyses one of the hexametric poems copied on a 2nd-century AD papyrus, possibly from Hermupolis, P. Lit. Good- speed 2: a Hellenistic hymn to Aphrodite celebrated as a patroness of the sea and of wedded love. This portrayal of the goddess perfectly fits with Ptolemaic royal propaganda in the 3rd century BC. The address to ’Arsinóa Ptolema[ì] (II 5) reveals that the goddess is here worshipped as a divine image of a queen Arsinoe, most probably Arsinoe II Phila- delphos, who had strong links with key figures of the Ptolemaic navy. The hymn is compared with contemporary Alexandrian poetry, such as the epigrams of the Milan papyrus P. Mil. Vogl. VIII 309. Some hypo- theses are also presented on the context of the composition and the per- formance of the hymn (a Cypriot cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos?). THE PAPYRUS P. Goodspeed 101 is a fragment of a papyrus roll composed by a series of II AD documents pasted together1. On the verso, on twelve fragmentary * This article is an expanded and modified version of a short paper I presented at the conference La cultura ellenistica: il libro, l’opera letteraria e l’esegesi antica, Università di Roma, Tor Vergata, 22-24 September 2003. I wish to thank the anonymous readers and the editors of Ancient Society for useful comments and suggestions. Abbreviations: CA = J.U. POWELL, Collectanea Alexandrina. Reliquiae minores poetarum Graecorum aetatis Ptolemaicae 323-146 a.C. epicorum, elegiacorum, lyricorum, ethicorum, Oxonii 1925 (repr. Chicago 1981); HE = A.S.F. GOW – D.L. PAGE, The Greek Anthology. Hellenistic Epigrams, 2 vols., Cam- bridge 1965; Kaibel = G. KAIBEL, Epigrammata Graeca ex lapidibus conlecta, Berolini 1878; LDAB = Leuven Database of Ancient Books, http://ldab.arts.kuleuven.ac.be; M.-N. = I. MICHAELIDOU-NICOLAOU, Prosopography of Ptolemaic Cyprus, Göteborg 1976; MP3 = Mertens-Pack3, http://promethee.philo.ulg.ac.be/cedopal/index.html; SH = P.J. PARSONS – H. LLOYD-JONES, Supplementum Hellenisticum, Berolini et Novi Ebo- raci 1983; SGO = R. MERKELBACH – J. STAUBER, Steinepigramme aus dem griechischen Osten I: Die Westküste Kleinasiens von Knidos bis Ilion, Munich–Leipzig 1998; ID., Steinepigramme aus dem griechischen Osten II: Die Nordküste Kleinasiens (Marmarameer und Pon- tos), Munich–Leipzig 2000. 1 The papyrus is now in the University of Chicago Library (P. Chic. MS inv. 1061). On the Edgar J. Goodspeed collection see R.W. ALLISON, Guide to the Edgar J. Goodspeed Papyri, ZPE 16 (1975), p. 27-32. The documents on the recto are still unpublished: they 136 S. BARBANTANI columns, a number of Greek hexameter poems identified as hymns has been copied between the IInd and the IIIrd century AD (P. Lit. Goodspeed 2)2. Since style and prosody of the hymns are Hellenistic and their content reveals a Graeco-Egyptian cultural background, they have been labelled by the editors «Alexandrian Hexameters» (Goodspeed) and «Ptolemaic Hymns» (Powell). Actually the name ‘Arsinoe’ (II 5) brings us back to the early Ptolemaic age. According to Powell3, moreover, the so-called Epyllion Andromedae at col. VIII-IX could have been among Manilius’ and Ovid’s sources, therefore it should be dated to II-I BC at the latest. The hymns seem to be addressed to various gods of the Greek pantheon, Aphrodite (col. I-IV, possibly also V and XI), Apollo and Zeus (col. VI- VII), Dionysus and Artemis ‘three-shaped’ (Hekate/Isis) (col. X)4. But for one doubtful case, there are no spaces or other dividing marks between the poems5. The fact that the hymns were written on a reused papyrus, the space- saving devices and some orthographic peculiarities suggest that this anthology, in spite of the clear and regular literary hand, was a private copy; it could have been commissioned to a professional scribe by a pri- vate person, who himself provided an old documentary roll for the job6. Nothing is known about the archaeological context (Fundort). The Good- speed collection was mainly built on purchases from the antiquities mar- ket: this papyrus, along with CLP nos. 93 and 104, was bought in 1900 from an Egyptian dealer who said it came from Ashmunên, the ancient were identified by E.J. GOODSPEED, Alexandrian Hexameter Fragments, JHS 23 (1903), p. 237-247 (237), as tax registers, with lists of names and figures in arurae and artabae. 2 Pack2 1620; LDAB 5005. Editions: E.J. GOODSPEED, art. cit. (n. 1); ID., Chicago Lit- erary Papyri, Chicago 1908, no. 2, p. 6-18; J.U. POWELL, Fragments of Greek Poetry from the Papyri in the Library of the University of Chicago, Journal of Philology 34 (1915), p. 106-128; ID., CA, p. 82-89. For more details on the editions and the contributions by A.S. Hunt, see S. BARBANTANI, Some Remarks on P. Goodspeed 101 and on the Orthog- raphy of the “Ptolemaic Hymns” (P. Lit. Goodspeed 2), forthcoming. 3 J.U. POWELL, art. cit. (n. 2), p. 127; J.U. POWELL – E.A. BARBER, New Chapters in the History of Greek Literature I. Recent Discoveries in Greek Poetry and Prose of the Fourth and Following Centuries B.C., Oxford 1921, p. 110. 4 K. NIAFAS, A Note on Ep. Adesp. 9.X.14 Powell (PChicag. 1279 Pack), ZPE 119 (1997), p. 55-56, sees in col. X references to an initiation ritual, and to a (Dionysiac?) epiphany, accompanied by lightning and earthquake. 5 A.S. HUNT, in J.U. POWELL, art. cit. (n. 2), was the first to notice two fine parallel strokes at col. XI, possibly marking the beginning of a new poem. The photo of the papyrus clearly shows two long lines, not comparable with usual paragraphoi, in the space between the second and the third extant lines of col. XI (possibly three lines are missing at the beginning of the column). 6 For further details on the papyrus see S. BARBANTANI, art. cit. (n. 2). GODDESS OF LOVE AND MISTRESS OF THE SEA 137 Hermupolis Magna7. One of the most important cities in Middle Egypt, facing the Hadrianean Antinoupolis on the other bank of the Nile, Hermu- polis has been a goldmine for papyrologists since the XIXth century8. Greek culture was still flourishing there in IV-V AD, as is evident from the books still read by Hermoupolites, including Hellenistic authors, ora- tors and historians (see e.g. P. Turner 9 = P. Berol. inv. 21247)9. As we know from P. Vindob. 12565 verso (SB X 10299; III AD) and from exca- vations, there were several Greek temples in the city, among which a temple of Aphrodite (hypostasis of the local Isis: P. Oxy. XI 1380, 35: «in Hermupolis Aphrodite, queen, holy», cf. Plut., de Is. 3), worshipped as qeà megístj10. The ‘Ptolemaic hymns’ of the Chicago papyrus fit well with the Her- moupolite cultural climate, and not just for literary reasons. If the first hymn, as we shall see briefly, involves a cult of Aphrodite/Arsinoe Phila- delphos, it might still have found an audience in Late Antiquity: Hermou- polis’ loyalty towards the Ptolemies is attested since III BC by many dedications11, in particular by the imposing temple, still standing in the Roman period, dedicated by some kátokoi ïppe⁄v to Ptolemy III and Berenike, «gods Benefactors», and to their predecessors, the «Sibling gods»12. 7 See E.J. GOODSPEED, art. cit. (n. 1), p. 237 n. 1; ID., op. cit. (n. 2), p. 45. 8 On literary papyri from Hermoupolis see É. BERNAND, Inscriptions grecques d’Her- moupolis Magna et de sa nécropole, Le Caire 1999, p. 5-8; P. VAN MINNEN – K.A. WORP, The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Hermopolis, GRBS 34 (1993), p. 151-186. On the cultural life of Imperial Hermoupolis, and for documentary papyri see S. BARBANTANI, art. cit. (n. 2), with bibliography. 9 H. MAEHLER, Ein Büchverzeichnis aus Hermupolis, in P.J. PARSONS, J.R. REA et al. (eds.), Papyri Greek and Egyptian. Edited by Various Hands in Honour of Eric Gardner Turner on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, London 1981, p. 45-49, no. 9; G. IOAN- NIDOU, Catalogue of Greek and Latin Literary Papyri in Berlin (BKT IX), Mainz am Rhein 1996, no. 151; R. OTRANTO, Antiche liste di libri su papiro, Roma 2000, p. 107-113. A sample of the Hellenistic authors read in Hermoupolis in Roman times: I-II AD: Heron- das (LDAB 1164); II AD: Antimachus (LDAB 221); III AD: Apollonius Rh. (LDAB 274); IV AD: Theocritus (LDAB 4000); IV-V AD: Apollonius Rh. (LDAB 287); V AD: Apollo- nius Rh. (LDAB 286) and Euphorion (LDAB 882); V-VI AD: Callimachus, SH 249A (LDAB 0521); VI AD: Theocritus (LDAB 4006); VI-VII AD: Apollonius Rh. (LDAB 292). 10 Dedication preserved at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano: É. BER- NAND, op. cit. (n. 8), no. 7 (83/82 BC); L. CRISCUOLO, Iscrizioni greche dall’Egitto conser- vate nell’ Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Epigraphica 42 (1980), p. 185- 187. 11 É. BERNAND, op. cit. (n. 8), nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. 12 A.J.B. WACE – A.H.S. MEGAW – T.C. SKEAT, Hermopolis Magna, Ashmunein. The Ptolemaic Sanctuary and the Basilica, Alexandria 1959, p. 4-11. The sanctuary remained intact at least until V AD. A Christian Basilica was built above it. 138 S. BARBANTANI Hermoupolis Magna could be a likely Schreibort for the ‘Ptolemaic Hymns’, whatever their Hellenistic origin (Alexandria?). However, it must be taken into account that papyrus dealers — now as then — are not likely to disclose the actual site of provenance of their merchandise.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cleopatra II and III: the Queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII As Guarantors of Kingship and Rivals for Power
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Andrea Jördens, Joachim Friedrich Quack (Hg.), Ägypten zwischen innerem Zwist und äußerem Druck. Die Zeit Ptolemaios’ VI. bis VIII. Internationales Symposion Heidelberg 16.-19.9.2007 (Philippika 45), Wiesbaden 2011, S. 58–76 Cleopatra II and III: The queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII as guarantors of kingship and rivals for power Martina Minas-Nerpel Introduction The second half of the Ptolemaic period was marked by power struggles not only among the male rulers of the dynasty, but also among its female members. Starting with Arsinoe II, the Ptolemaic queens had always been powerful and strong-willed and had been a decisive factor in domestic policy. From the death of Ptolemy V Epiphanes onwards, the queens controlled the political developments in Egypt to a still greater extent. Cleopatra II and especially Cleopatra III became all-dominant, in politics and in the ruler-cult, and they were often depicted in Egyptian temple- reliefs—more often than any of her dynastic predecessors and successors. Mother and/or daughter reigned with Ptolemy VI Philometor to Ptolemy X Alexander I, from 175 to 101 BC, that is, for a quarter of the entire Ptolemaic period. Egyptian queenship was complementary to kingship, both in dynastic and Ptolemaic Egypt: No queen could exist without a king, but at the same time the queen was a necessary component of kingship. According to Lana Troy, the pattern of Egyptian queenship “reflects the interaction of male and female as dualistic elements of the creative dynamics ”.1 The king and the queen functioned as the basic duality through which regeneration of the creative power of the kingship was accomplished.
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonian Kings, Egyptian Pharaohs the Ptolemaic Family In
    Department of World Cultures University of Helsinki Helsinki Macedonian Kings, Egyptian Pharaohs The Ptolemaic Family in the Encomiastic Poems of Callimachus Iiro Laukola ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XV, University Main Building, on the 23rd of September, 2016 at 12 o’clock. Helsinki 2016 © Iiro Laukola 2016 ISBN 978-951-51-2383-1 (paperback.) ISBN 978-951-51-2384-8 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2016 Abstract The interaction between Greek and Egyptian cultural concepts has been an intense yet controversial topic in studies about Ptolemaic Egypt. The present study partakes in this discussion with an analysis of the encomiastic poems of Callimachus of Cyrene (c. 305 – c. 240 BC). The success of the Ptolemaic Dynasty is crystallized in the juxtaposing of the different roles of a Greek ǴdzȅǻǽǷȏȄ and of an Egyptian Pharaoh, and this study gives a glimpse of this political and ideological endeavour through the poetry of Callimachus. The contribution of the present work is to situate Callimachus in the core of the Ptolemaic court. Callimachus was a proponent of the Ptolemaic rule. By reappraising the traditional Greek beliefs, he examined the bicultural rule of the Ptolemies in his encomiastic poems. This work critically examines six Callimachean hymns, namely to Zeus, to Apollo, to Artemis, to Delos, to Athena and to Demeter together with the Victory of Berenice, the Lock of Berenice and the Ektheosis of Arsinoe. Characterized by ambiguous imagery, the hymns inspect the ruptures in Greek thought during the Hellenistic age.
    [Show full text]
  • Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kiyi Kilikya Bölgesi'nin Yeri Ve Önemi
    T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI KLASİK ARKEOLOJİ BİLİM DALI ROMA DÖNEMİ DOĞU AKDENİZ DENİZ TİCARETİNDE KIYI KİLİKYA BÖLGESİ’NİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ AHMET BİLİR DOKTORA TEZİ Danışman YRD. DOÇ. DR. MEHMET TEKOCAK Konya 2014 II T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Etik Sayfası Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Öğrencinin imzası (İmza) III T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Doktora Tezi Kabul Formu Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Tekocak Tez Danışmanı Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yukarıda adı geçen öğrenci tarafından hazırlanan Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yeri başlıklı bu çalışma ……../……../…….. tarihinde yapılan savunma sınavı sonu- cunda oybirliği/oyçokluğu ile başarılı bulunarak, jürimiz tarafından yüksek lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ünvanı, Adı Soyadı Danışman ve Üyeler İmza IV Önsöz Geriye dönüp bakınca hep üniversite yılları, kazılar, bölümün koridorları, dostluklar ve hocalar akla geliyor. Bu süre zarfında hissettiğim duygunun bir tarifi olarak aile sıcaklığı kavramını yakıştırabilirim.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
    Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ptolemies: an Unloved and Unknown Dynasty. Contributions to a Different Perspective and Approach
    THE PTOLEMIES: AN UNLOVED AND UNKNOWN DYNASTY. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE AND APPROACH JOSÉ DAS CANDEIAS SALES Universidade Aberta. Centro de História (University of Lisbon). Abstract: The fifteen Ptolemies that sat on the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (the date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII) are in most cases little known and, even in its most recognised bibliography, their work has been somewhat overlooked, unappreciated. Although boisterous and sometimes unloved, with the tumultuous and dissolute lives, their unbridled and unrepressed ambitions, the intrigues, the betrayals, the fratricides and the crimes that the members of this dynasty encouraged and practiced, the Ptolemies changed the Egyptian life in some aspects and were responsible for the last Pharaonic monuments which were left us, some of them still considered true masterpieces of Egyptian greatness. The Ptolemaic Period was indeed a paradoxical moment in the History of ancient Egypt, as it was with a genetically foreign dynasty (traditions, language, religion and culture) that the country, with its capital in Alexandria, met a considerable economic prosperity, a significant political and military power and an intense intellectual activity, and finally became part of the world and Mediterranean culture. The fifteen Ptolemies that succeeded to the throne of Egypt between 305 B.C. (date of assumption of basileia by Ptolemy I) and 30 B.C. (death of Cleopatra VII), after Alexander’s death and the division of his empire, are, in most cases, very poorly understood by the public and even in the literature on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • ROMANIZATION and SOME CILICIAN CULTS by HUGH ELTON (BIAA)
    ROMANIZATION AND SOME CILICIAN CULTS By HUGH ELTON (BIAA) This paper focuses on two sites from central Cilicia in Anatolia, the Cory­ cian Cave and Kanhdivane, to make some comments about religion and Romanization. From the Corycian Cave, a pair of early third-century AD altars are dedicated to Zeus Korykios, described as Victorious (Epinikios), Triumphant (Tropaiuchos), and the Harvester (Epikarpios), and to Hermes Korykios, also Victorious, Triumphant, and the Harvester. The altars were erected for 'the fruitfulness and brotherly love of the Augusti', suggesting they come from the period before Geta's murder, i.e. between AD 209 and 212. 1 These altars are unremarkable and similar examples are common else­ where, so these altars can be interpreted as showing the homogenising effect of the Roman Empire. But behind these dedications, however, may lie a re­ ligious tradition stretching back to the second millennium BC. At the second site, Kanhdivane, a tomb in the west necropolis was accompanied by a fu­ nerary inscription erected by Marcus Ulpius Knos for himself and his family, probably in the second century AD. Marcus then added, 'but if anyone damages or opens [the tomb] let him pay to the treasury of Zeus 1000 [de­ narii] and to the Moon (Selene) and to the Sun (Helios) above 1000 [denarii] and let him be subject to the curses also of the Underground Gods (Kata­ chthoniai Theoi). ' 2 When he wanted to threaten retribution, Knos turned to a local group of gods. As at the Corycian Cave, Knos' actions may preserve traces of pre-Roman practices, though within a Roman framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Ptolemaic Foundations in Asia Minor and the Aegean As the Lagids’ Political Tool
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 20 (2013): 57–76 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.13.004.1433 PTOLEMAIC FOUNDATIONS IN ASIA MINOR AND THE AEGEAN AS THE LAGIDS’ POLITICAL TOOL Tomasz Grabowski Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków Abstract: The Ptolemaic colonisation in Asia Minor and the Aegean region was a signifi cant tool which served the politics of the dynasty that actively participated in the fi ght for hegemony over the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea basin. In order to specify the role which the settlements founded by the Lagids played in their politics, it is of considerable importance to establish as precise dating of the foundations as possible. It seems legitimate to acknowledge that Ptolemy II possessed a well-thought-out plan, which, apart from the purely strategic aspects of founding new settlements, was also heavily charged with the propaganda issues which were connected with the cult of Arsinoe II. Key words: Ptolemies, foundations, Asia Minor, Aegean. Settlement of new cities was a signifi cant tool used by the Hellenistic kings to achieve various goals: political and economic. The process of colonisation was begun by Alex- ander the Great, who settled several cities which were named Alexandrias after him. The process was successfully continued by the diadochs, and subsequently by the follow- ing rulers of the monarchies which emerged after the demise of Alexander’s state. The new settlements were established not only by the representatives of the most powerful dynasties: the Seleucids, the Ptolemies and the Antigonids, but also by the rulers of the smaller states. The kings of Pergamum of the Attalid dynasty were considerably active in this fi eld, but the rulers of Bithynia, Pontus and Cappadocia were also successful in this process.1 Very few regions of the time remained beyond the colonisation activity of the Hellenistic kings.
    [Show full text]
  • Greece) During Unrest and Rest Period
    Harokopio University of Athens Department of Geography Deformation time series monitoring of Nisyros Volcano (Greece) during unrest and rest period. Derdelakos K.1, Papageorgiou E.2, Parcharidis I.1, Benekos G. 1 1 Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Geography, El. Venizelou 70 Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece, [email protected], [email protected] 2 National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy, [email protected] Abstract The Hellenic Volcanic Arc, which stretches from Aegina and Methana in the west over Milos and Santorini and terminates at Kos and Nisyros in the east of Aegean Sea, is a result of northeastward-directed subduction (started around 4 Ma at the beginning of Pliocene) of the African plate beneath the Aegean microplate. Santorini volcano in the central sector of the arc and Nisyros in the eastern sector, are the two active volcanoes of the arc. Nisyros shows an unrest phase during 1996-97 accompanied by intensive seismic activity in the broader area at the beginning of 1996 and lasted through the end of 1997 and returned to the background level at the beginning of 1998. Spaceborne radar interferometry has already shown its ability in mapping ground deformation, like co-seismic deformation, as well as long-term movements as is the ground deformation in volcanoes, landslides and subsidence. This technique can be used to identify Fig. 1 Location of the study area ground-surface deformation associated with movement of magma and/or hydrothermal fluids beneath volcanoes. Ground deformation monitoring is one of the main parameters that should be considered to assess volcanic hazard.
    [Show full text]
  • An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula
    An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula Varvara Antoniou1, Paraskevi Nomikou1, Pavlina Bardouli1, Danai Lampridou1, Theodora Ioannou1, Ilias Kalisperakis2, Christos Stentoumis2, Malcolm Whitworth3, Mel Krokos4 and Lemonia Ragia5 1Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece 2up2metric P.C., Engineering - Research - Software Development, Michail Mela 21, GR-11521, Athens, Greece 3School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, U.K. 4School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Winston Churchill Avenue, Portsmouth PO1 2DJ, U.K. 5Natural Hazards, Tsunami and Coastal Engineering Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece {ilias, christos}@up2metric.com, {malcolm.whitworth, mel.krokos}@port.ac.uk, [email protected] Keywords: GIS Story Map, Geomorphology, Methana Peninsula, Greece, Volcano, Geotope, Hiking Trails. Abstract: The purpose of this research is the identification, recording, mapping and photographic imaging of the special volcanic geoforms as well as the cultural monuments of the volcanic Methana Peninsula. With the use of novel methods the aim is to reveal and study the impressive topographic features of the Methana geotope and discover its unique geodiversity. The proposed hiking trails along with the Methana’s archaeology and history, will be highlighted through the creation of an ‘intelligent’ interactive map (Story Map). Two field trips have been conducted for the collection of further information and the digital mapping of the younger volcanic flows of Kammeni Chora with drones. Through the compiled data, thematic maps were created depicting the lava flows and the most important points of the individual hiking paths.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult
    ΑΡΣΙΝΟΗ ΕΥΠΛΟΙΑ Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult Carlos Francis Robinson Bachelor of Arts (Hons. 1) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 Historical and Philosophical Inquiry Abstract Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult By the early Hellenistic period a trend was emerging in which royal women were deified as Aphrodite. In a unique innovation, Queen Arsinoë II of Egypt (c. 316 – 270 BC) was deified as the maritime Aphrodite, and was associated with the cult titles Euploia, Akraia, and Galenaië. It was the important study of Robert (1966) which identified that the poets Posidippus and Callimachus were honouring Arsinoë II as the maritime Aphrodite. This thesis examines how this new third-century BC cult of ‘Arsinoë Aphrodite’ adopted aspects of Greek cults of the maritime Aphrodite, creating a new derivative cult. The main historical sources for this cult are the epigrams of Posidippus and Callimachus, including a relatively new epigram (Posidippus AB 39) published in 2001. This thesis demonstrates that the new cult of Arsinoë Aphrodite utilised existing traditions, such as: Aphrodite’s role as patron of fleets, the practice of dedications to Aphrodite by admirals, the use of invocations before sailing, and the practice of marine dedications such as shells. In this way the Ptolemies incorporated existing religious traditions into a new form of ruler cult. This study is the first attempt to trace the direct relationship between Ptolemaic ruler cult and existing traditions of the maritime Aphrodite, and deepens our understanding of the strategies of ruler cult adopted in the early Hellenistic period.
    [Show full text]
  • 318136 Vol1.Pdf
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The nature and development of Roman Corinth to the end of the Antonine period Thesis How to cite: Walbank, Mary Elizabeth Hoskins (1987). The nature and development of Roman Corinth to the end of the Antonine period. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1986 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000de1f Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk THE NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROMAN CORINTH TO THE END OF THE ANTONINE PERIOD Mary Elizabeth Hoskins Walbank, B.A., M.A. Thesis submitted to the Open University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AvrPr'lor5 1\lJt'\'\bC(: HDK' 303 . :Datrt or 6ubMlsslon; ;(0'''' October R~C, Classics, Faculty of Arts ~ata of- Aw'drc\: 7J}'v\ Januatj 19<97 October 1986 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION This thesis is an unpublished typescript and copyright is held by the author. Photocopy; ng ; sperm; tted on ly wi th the v/ri tten consent of the author. No quotation from this thesis or information derived from it may be published without the written consent of the author. i ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is two-fold: first, to examine and re-assess the material remains of Roman Corinth in the light 'of modern scholarship; secondly, to use this evidence, in combination with the literary sources, and thus to define, more clearly than has been done hitherto, both the nature of the original foundation and the way in which it developed.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 · the Growth of an Empirical Cartography in Hellenistic Greece
    9 · The Growth of an Empirical Cartography in Hellenistic Greece PREPARED BY THE EDITORS FROM MATERIALS SUPPLIED BY GERMAINE AUJAe There is no complete break between the development of That such a change should occur is due both to po­ cartography in classical and in Hellenistic Greece. In litical and military factors and to cultural developments contrast to many periods in the ancient and medieval within Greek society as a whole. With respect to the world, we are able to reconstruct throughout the Greek latter, we can see how Greek cartography started to be period-and indeed into the Roman-a continuum in influenced by a new infrastructure for learning that had cartographic thought and practice. Certainly the a profound effect on the growth of formalized know­ achievements of the third century B.C. in Alexandria had ledge in general. Of particular importance for the history been prepared for and made possible by the scientific of the map was the growth of Alexandria as a major progress of the fourth century. Eudoxus, as we have seen, center of learning, far surpassing in this respect the had already formulated the geocentric hypothesis in Macedonian court at Pella. It was at Alexandria that mathematical models; and he had also translated his Euclid's famous school of geometry flourished in the concepts into celestial globes that may be regarded as reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 B.C.). And it anticipating the sphairopoiia. 1 By the beginning of the was at Alexandria that this Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy I Hellenistic period there had been developed not only the Soter, a companion of Alexander, had founded the li­ various celestial globes, but also systems of concentric brary, soon to become famous throughout the Mediter­ spheres, together with maps of the inhabited world that ranean world.
    [Show full text]