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An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula

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An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula Varvara Antoniou1, Paraskevi Nomikou1, Pavlina Bardouli1, Danai Lampridou1, Theodora Ioannou1, Ilias Kalisperakis2, Christos Stentoumis2, Malcolm Whitworth3, Mel Krokos4 and Lemonia Ragia5 1Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece 2up2metric P.C., Engineering - Research - Software Development, Michail Mela 21, GR-11521, Athens, Greece 3School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, U.K. 4School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Winston Churchill Avenue, Portsmouth PO1 2DJ, U.K. 5Natural Hazards, Tsunami and Coastal Engineering Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece {ilias, christos}@up2metric.com, {malcolm.whitworth, mel.krokos}@port.ac.uk, [email protected] Keywords: GIS Story Map, Geomorphology, Methana Peninsula, Greece, Volcano, Geotope, Hiking Trails. Abstract: The purpose of this research is the identification, recording, mapping and photographic imaging of the special volcanic geoforms as well as the cultural monuments of the volcanic Methana Peninsula. With the use of novel methods the aim is to reveal and study the impressive topographic features of the Methana geotope and discover its unique geodiversity. The proposed hiking trails along with the Methana’s archaeology and history, will be highlighted through the creation of an ‘intelligent’ interactive map (Story Map). Two field trips have been conducted for the collection of further information and the digital mapping of the younger volcanic flows of Kammeni Chora with drones. Through the compiled data, thematic maps were created depicting the lava flows and the most important points of the individual hiking paths. The thematic maps were created using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Finally, those maps were the basis for the creation of the main Story Map. The decision to use Story Maps was based on the numerous advantages on offer such as user-friendly mapping, ease of use and interaction and user customized displays. 1 INTRODUCTION monuments of the Methana Peninsula (East Peloponnese, Greece). Recent advancements in digital Geographic Methana peninsula is composed by 32 volcanic Information Systems (GIS) technologies can provide craters with rough topography, belonging to the new opportunities for immersively engaging public western part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc. Using audiences with complex multivariate datasets. Story Maps along with novel methods and research Story Maps can be not only robust but also tools it is planned to reveal and highlight the peculiar versatile tools for visualising spatial data effectively geomorphs of the Methana geotope and discover its and when combined with multi-media assets (e.g. unique geodiversity. photos or videos) and narrative text, they can provide Adopting Story Maps for this work offers a support for scientific storytelling in a compelling and number of advantages as compared to traditional straightforward way. methods: friendly mapping, the ease of use and Thereby, Story Maps can be used in order to understanding of the provided information, the disseminate and make scientific findings easy to increased interactivity comparing to analogue or access and understand to broader non-technical simple web maps, the customized display based on audiences (Janicki, J. et al., 2016; Wright, D.J. et al., the user’s needs, the ability to import different kind 2014). of media (images and videos) and ultimately the The aim of the present research is to identify, ability to add explanatory text covering a wide range record, map and photographically image the special of heterogeneous information. volcanic geomorphs as well as the cultural 68 Antoniou, V., Nomikou, P., Bardouli, P., Lampridou, D., Ioannou, T., Kalisperakis, I., Stentoumis, C., Whitworth, M., Krokos, M. and Ragia, L. An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula. DOI: 10.5220/0006702300680078 In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM 2018), pages 68-78 ISBN: 978-989-758-294-3 Copyright c 2019 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved An Interactive Story Map for the Methana Volcanic Peninsula 2 STUDY AREA synchronously or later, a larger volcanic edifice grew somewhere near the present centre of the The Methana volcanic peninsula (Methana Volcano) peninsula. is located at the Western Saronic Gulf, approx. Phase B. Erosion of the central edifice to form the 163Km from Athens, covering an area of 50Km². volcanoclastic apron, perhaps associated with Methana Volcano is at the western part of the Aegean faulting and uplift. volcanic arc extending from Saronic Gulf up to Kos- Phase C. Eruption of basaltic andesite now Nisyros volcanic field at the eastern part (Fig. 1). The preserved in northern Methana around Aegean volcanic arc belongs to the Hellenic Orogenic Kounoupitsa, at Ag. Andreas and Akri Pounda. A Arc, which is formed along the convergent plate series of explosive Plinian eruptions deposited in boundary of the northwards subducting African plate the northern and eastern parts of the underneath the active margin of the European plate volcanοclastic apron and at Akri Pounda. Erosion (Nomikou et al., 2013). The peninsula of Methana has of the central edifice and volcanοclastic the longest recorded volcanic history of any volcanic deposition on the apron continued. The age of centre in the Aegean Volcanic Arc, consisting of 30 phase C is poorly constrained — the 1.4 ± 0.3 Ma volcanic cones. Particularly noteworthy are the date on a dome in northern Methana is only historical references regarding the volcanic activity of tentatively correlated with this phase. the submarine volcano Pausanias, lying offshore the Phase D. Andesite flows in the north-western part northwest part of Methana peninsula (Pavlakis et al., of the peninsula and dacites in the south show 1990), in the 3rd century BC. some geochemical similarities to phase C (e.g. Throughout Methana peninsula there is a well- high TiO2 content), but overlie the volcanoclastic developed network of hiking trails, passing through apron and its associated erosion surface in eastern historic settlements, small churches, hot springs and Methana. Imprecise radiometric dates range from unique geomorphological features attributed to the 0.5 to 0.9 Ma. volcanic history (lava formations) and the complex Phase E. The north-western dacite volcanoes tectonic regime of the area (Pe-Piper and Piper, were formed and are dated at 0.6 ± 0.2 Ma in this 2013). The overall length of the hiking network is study. approximately 60Km, and based on the present study Phases F and G. These phases were characterised the hiking distances range between 0.5Km up to by the eruption of the central andesite volcanoes 5Km. Moreover, the trails are rated into different and the E–W fissure dacites. Some explosive difficulty levels and in several cases appropriate pyroclastic eruptions preceded major andesite and equipment is needed. dacite eruptions. Available radiometric ages from Volcanic activity in the area is considered to have phase G cluster between 0.29 and 0.34 Ma. begun in the late Pliocene (Gaitanakis and Dietrich, Phase H. Eruption of the Kammeni Hora flows, 1995), and the last eruption took place in 230 BC probably within the last 0.2 Ma, with the most giving andesitic lava, at Kammeni Hora, as recorded recent eruption in historic times. by the ancient geographer Strabo (Georgalas, 1962). The Quaternary volcanic rocks on Methana 2.1 Geomorphology consist of domes and flows radiating from the central part of the peninsula, overlying older, undated Methana peninsula is characterized by rough volcanic rocks (inferred Pliocene or early Pleistocene topography, generated by the complex regional in age). At a map scale, many of the domes are tectonic regime in combination with the volcanic elongated in an east–west or northeast–southwest activity. The mountainous relief of the peninsula, 740 direction. The volcanic style and rate of eruption are masl at its highest point, falls to the sea with no closely related to periods of change in regional lowland plain. Abrupt and sudden changes in slope tectonic style (Pe-Piper and Piper, 2013). gradient alternate with flat basinal areas (Fig. 3) filled Moreover, Pe-Piper and Piper (2013) deciphered by Quaternary sediments, where at the same time the volcanological evolution of the Volcano in great volcanic agglomerates commonly fill depressions detail based on geochemical, geochronological between domes (James et al.,1994). Moreover, the analyses and field observations. The following volcanic landforms are dissected by stream gullies, volcanic history has been identified (Fig. 2): reflecting the intense erosion. This rugged terrain, Phase A. Late Pliocene. Small domes of andesite with the well-developed drainage system and the and dacite were extruded on N–S-striking faults in steep slopes, is prone to landslides and rockfalls eastern and southern Methana. Either induced by geomorphologic and geologic controls. 69 GISTAM 2018 - 4th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management Figure 1: Topographic map of the southern Aegean Sea combining onshore and offshore data. The four modern volcanic groups are indicated within red boxes together with the names
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