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Churches, Cathedrals, and Chapels: a Teacher's Guide. Education on Site. INSTITUTION English Heritage Education Service, London (England)

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Churches, Cathedrals, and Chapels: a Teacher's Guide. Education on Site. INSTITUTION English Heritage Education Service, London (England) DOCUMENT RESUME ED 461 571 SO 029 517 AUTHOR Morris, Richard; Corbishley, Mike TITLE Churches, Cathedrals, and Chapels: A Teacher's Guide. Education on Site. INSTITUTION English Heritage Education Service, London (England). ISBN ISBN-1-85074-447-5 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 43p.; For other teacher's guides in the series, see SO 029 518-521. AVAILABLE FROM English Heritage Education Service, 23 Savile Row, London, England W1X lAB, United Kingdom. Tel: 020 7973 3000; Fax: 020 7973 3443; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Active Learning; *Archaeology; British National Curriculum; Christianity; *Churches; Community Characteristics; Cultural Background; Cultural Education; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign.Countries; *Heritage Education; History Instruction; *Local History; Social Studies; World History IDENTIFIERS *England ABSTRACT This book aims to:(1) provide information that sets places of worship in their religious, historical and social contexts; (2) explore interdisciplinary links; and (3) offers ideas for study, projects, and follow-up work. "Church" is a word with two senses: a body of believers and a building where people worship. This book is about the buildings, but it is important for pupils to be reminded that Church members regard their buildings as expressions of living faith, not inert monuments. The chapter titles include: (1) "Definitions and Settings"; (2) "What Went On in a Church?"; (3) "When Were Churches Built?"; (4) "Under and around the Church"; (5) "Repair, Restoration, and Re-Use"; (6) "Educational Approaches"; and (7) "Churches across the Curriculum." A timeline, bibliography, and resources section complete the text. (EH) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ___11.1111161.64doi. tr.) ' U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) /Thisdocument has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CornI _Seri /e O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Books in theEducation on Siteseries are written especially for teachers, tutors and students to help them make the best use of the historic environment. Cover illustrations: The cathedral church of Wells in Somerset. The cathedral was built in two main phases c1180-1260 and c1285-1345. This view is of the west front with hundreds of niches for sculpture, carved by a team of masons in c1230-1243. (Skyscan Balloon Photography). Back cover : Pupils investigating the Primitive Methodist Chapel, built in 1867, in Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex (Mike Corbishley). The activities on pages13and 14 remain the copyright of English Heritage but may be reproduced without written permission by educa- tional establishments for free distrib- ution for educational use. Edited and produced by Mike Corbishley Designed by Alan McPherson Drawings by Dai Owen (pages12- 14,29and31)and Sean Whittle ( pages23and32-33) Printed by Hythe Offset, Colchester rcX7 Printed on recycled paper 111111 First published1996by English Heritage © Copyright English Heritage,1996 ISBN 1-85074-447-5 3 EDUCATION ON EITE A iv a 4 ENGLISH HERITAGE CHURCHIES, CATEIEDRALS AMID CHAPIELS CONTENTS ABOUT THIS BOOK 3 TIMELINE 4 DEFINITIONS AND SETTINGS 6 Churches 6 Cathedrals, abbeys and priories 6 Medieval chapels 9 Nonconformist buildings 10 WHAT WENT ON IN A CHURCH? 12 Activity: The Parish Church 13-14 After the Reformation 15 WHEN WERE CHURCHES BUILT? 16 The founding of local churches: 950-1150 16 Rebuilding and enlargement: 1100-1300 18 Industrial Revolution and Gothic revival: 1800-1900 18 UNDER AND AROUND THE CHURCH 20 Below the floor 20 Out in the churchyard 22 REPAIR, RESTORATION AND RE-USE 24 EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES 26 Location 26 Recording 29 Understanding 30 CHURCHES ACROSS THE CURRICULUM 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES 35 Acknowledgements 36 CURCIQ CATHIEDRALS AND CHAPELS ABOUT THIS BOOK Most places have at least one church or chapel. Towns usually contain a number. Locally accessi- ble, these buildings, their sites and surroundings, offer practical and analytical learning opportunities, not only for history and religious education, but also for maths, sci- ence, technology, geography, artand links between them. 'Church' is a word with two sens- es: a body of believers ('the Christian Church') and a building where believers meet for worship. This book is about the buildings, but it is important for pupils to be reminded that Church members regard their buildings as expres- sions of living faith, not inert mon- uments. Like history itself, a ABOVE: St. Marks Church, church is not a finished or 'given' North Audley Street, London, built in 1824-8 with artefact, but something dynamic, a neo-Greek front. still in process of change. TOP RIGHT: Lindisfarne Holy Island was founded in AD 635. The priory church This book aims to: seen here dates from the twelfth century. BELOW TO RIGHT: A Church equip teachers with information of England chapel for the that sets places of worship in villagers of Stones Green, an outlying hamlet of a large their religious, historical and social parish in Essex. This chapel, contexts built of wood and corrugated iron, replaced a stone building in about 1929. explore interdisciplinary links RIGHT: St Swithuns Church, Compton Beauchamp, Oxfordshire. offer ideas for study, projects, BELOW: Ely Cathedral. This and follow-up work. view of the east end shows the thirteenth-century chancel, enlarged from the Cathedrals are used to receiving Norman original. On the large numbers of visitors who wish right is the Lady Chapel, to explore the building. Some built c1335-1353. cathedrals have materials specifical- ly produced for teachers and their pupils. However, most churches and chapels are unused to groups of people visiting for educational purposes. Most, of course, are still used for worship and attract the loyalties and affections of local people, whose relatives may be buried there. Members of the con- gregation are usually pleased to see their church as a focus for lively interest, but some may resent any suggestion, even if unintended, that their building is merely an ancient monument. As with any resource, you should visit in advance to find out who to contact and how best to fit in with services and meetings. CHURCEEES CATHIEDRALS AND CHAPELS TIMELINE 300+ By the early fourth century AD 668 Theodore, a monk from Asia Minor, c 1050 The Romanesque style, already there are churches in Roman Britain. is appointed to the see of Canterbury. He adopted in some progressive monastic and arrives in England in 669, and during the cathedral churches, begins to make its 670s and 680s establishes an expanded appearance in parish churches. 432 Patrick evangelises in Ireland. The network of dioceses. length of Patrick's missionary work is 1066 Norman Conquest. During the next uncertain: 432 is its traditional starting fifty years almost all existing cathedrals, date. 674 Benedict Biscop (an English noble- man) establishes a religious community churches of religious communities, and a and church at Monkwearmouth, followed majority of parish churches are rebuilt in c 563 Religious community founded at by a second church at nearby Jarrow in the Romanesque style, with a new sense of Iona. 681. scale. 1078 Legates are sent from Rome to reor- 596 Augustine and a group of monks are ganise the English Church. despatched from Rome by pope Gregory I 731 Bede completes his Ecclesiastical to convert Ethelbert, king of Kent. By 579 History. During the first half of the 8th century literary activity, the arts and archi- 1086 Domesday Survey. Ethelbert had married Bertha, a Frankish tecture flourish. Missionary activity is car- princess, who was already a Christian. ried from England into Germany. 1093 Work begins on a new cathedral at 597 Augustine and his missioners reach 793 Lindisfarne is raided by the Danes. Durham. Technologically advanced, its Kent. Ethelbert welcomes them, and in spaces are to be covered by the first surviv- following years they build or restore ing system of ribbed vaults in Europe. several churches in and around 900+ Churches for the use of local, secu- Canterbury. lar populations are founded in increasing c 1175 Early English Gothic, which takes numbers during the 10th and 1 lth cen- the pointed arch as a leading theme, begins 604 Episcopal sees established in London turies. to displace the Romanesque style. and Rochester. lst-lOth Centuries llth Century 12th Century 13th Century 14th Century 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 627 A church is built in York, in which c 800-900 Monastic communities and 1200 Almost all medieval parish churches Edwin, king of Northumbria, is baptised dioceses in much of northern and eastern are now standing. by Paulinus, a Roman missionary. England are weakened by Danish incur- sionsinitially by looting, but subsequent- c 1250 First essays in Decorated style, ly and probably more fundamentally by 632 Edwin is killed in battle by Penda which employs bar tracery (permitting seizure of their estates and the displace- much enlarged and ornate windows) and (pagan king of Mercia) and his ally ment of supportive local leaders. King Cadwallon (the Christian king of delights in embellishment and sinuous pat- Alfred (871-99) laments the decline, but terns. Gwynedd). church building and renovation continue. 1320+ First inventions in Perpendicular - 634-5 Oswald, Edwin's effective successor a wholly English stylebegin to appear. as king of Northumbria, invites Irish 970 A conference held in Winchester her- alds fresh efforts to reform monastic and From around 1350 until the Tudor age monks at Iona to send a mission to his Perpendicular holds sway.
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