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Western Europe
Western Europe Great Britain National Affairs OIGNS OF SLOW BUT DISCERNIBLE economic recovery in 1993 —such as a drop in interest rate, reduced inflation, and even a small decline in unemploy- ment — did nothing to halt the unremitting decline in the political fortunes of Prime Minister John Major's Conservative government. The Tories lost to the Liberal Democrats in by-elections for two hitherto safe parliamentary seats — Newbury in May and Christchurch in July — and in local elections in May, when the Conserva- tives lost control of all but one county council. The most likely cause of the government's unpopularity was its own disunity. Internal dissension, for example, dogged the progress of the bill to ratify the Maas- tricht Treaty on European Union. In March the government lost a key vote on the bill by 22 votes, and Major had to call for a vote of confidence in July, which did insure final ratification of the treaty. The Labor party limited itself to profiting from the government's unpopularity and to updating its image and organization. Under leader John Smith's impetus, the party's annual conference in September voted to abolish the bloc vote enjoyed by the trade unions, in a bid to enhance the party's appeal to middle-class electors. Despite appeals by the Board of Deputies of British Jews and other groups, the government's Asylum Bill, which would limit the number of political refugees admitted to Britain, was passed by the House of Commons in January. Israel and the Middle East The draft peace accord signed by Israel and the Palestinians in September was welcomed by all political parties and opened the door to a more positive stance by Britain in Middle East politics. -
Donations to and Purchases for the Museum
DONATIONS TO AND PURCHASES FOR THE MUSEUM Donations (1) Microlithic flint and chert artifacts etc., from near Kalemouth Bridge, Roxburgh- shir 710275)T e(N othed ,an r site Roxburghshiren si JOHy B . N FORSYTH, F.S.A.SCOT. (2) Stone axehead, foun t Blackforda d Hill Quarry, Edinburgh MARTIy B . N DOCHERTY, Edinburgh. (3) Stone axehead, foun t Hanoverda , Auldearn, Nairnshire poachind an ; g tackley B . the EARL OF CAWDOR, F.S.A.SCOT. (4) Stone axehead from bing at West Calder, and probably from The Bads Colliery, Harburn, West Calder. By H. McK-ERL, West Calder. (5) Stone axehead, foun t Greenshielda d s Farm, Newbigging, Lanarkshire. I . W y B . HEARD, Newbigging. (6) Three Beakers and a flint arrowhead from Rounie Law, Forglen, BanfFshire (P.S.A.S. , XL (1905-6), 279-90) beakea d an , r from Burnsid Whitefieldf eo , Banftshire (ibid., 306-10). By the late Lt.-Col. Sir GEORGE W. ABERCROMBY, Bart., Turriff. (7) Four barbed-and-tanged arrowheads, from Glen Dye, Kincardineshire; one hollow- based arrowhead, no locality; various recent brooches. By Miss E. J. BEGG, F.S.A.SCOT. (8) Perforated pebble macehead from Hatton, Lhanbryde, Moray; fragment of a cinerary urnmedium-sizeo tw , d ston flino etw t axe arrowheadsd san tangee on , d barbed an othee dth r lozenge-shaped l probablAl . y fro fare m Ardkeilingth f m o , Morayshir vicinitys it r eo . Reliquary,(Cfe Th . 1897, 41-47) Misy B .. sPETRIEJ , South Croydon, Surrey. (9) Unusually large stone battle-axe . lon weighind in g9 ,an Ibg3 .. (fig12oz . -
Members of Parliament Disqualified Since 1900 This Document Provides Information About Members of Parliament Who Have Been Disqu
Members of Parliament Disqualified since 1900 This document provides information about Members of Parliament who have been disqualified since 1900. It is impossible to provide an entirely exhaustive list, as in many cases, the disqualification of a Member is not directly recorded in the Journal. For example, in the case of Members being appointed 5 to an office of profit under the Crown, it has only recently become practice to record the appointment of a Member to such an office in the Journal. Prior to this, disqualification can only be inferred from the writ moved for the resulting by-election. It is possible that in some circumstances, an election could have occurred before the writ was moved, in which case there would be no record from which to infer the disqualification, however this is likely to have been a rare occurrence. This list is based on 10 the writs issued following disqualification and the reason given, such as appointments to an office of profit under the Crown; appointments to judicial office; election court rulings and expulsion. Appointment of a Member to an office of profit under the Crown in the Chiltern Hundreds or the Manor of Northstead is a device used to allow Members to resign their seats, as it is not possible to simply resign as a Member of Parliament, once elected. This is by far the most common means of 15 disqualification. There are a number of Members disqualified in the early part of the twentieth century for taking up Ministerial Office. Until the passage of the Re-Election of Ministers Act 1919, Members appointed to Ministerial Offices were disqualified and had to seek re-election. -
The Blair Government's Proposal to Abolish the Lord Chancellor
The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law CUA Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions Faculty Scholarship 2005 Playing Poohsticks with the British Constitution? The Blair Government's Proposal to Abolish the Lord Chancellor Susanna Frederick Fischer The Catholic University, Columbus School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Susanna Frederick Fischer, Playing Poohsticks with the British Constitution? The Blair Government's Proposal to Abolish the Lord Chancellor, 24 PENN. ST. INT’L L. REV. 257 (2005). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions by an authorized administrator of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Articles I Playing Poohsticks with the British Constitution? The Blair Government's Proposal to Abolish the Lord Chancellor Susanna Frederick Fischer* ABSTRACT This paper critically assesses a recent and significant constitutional change to the British judicial system. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 swept away more than a thousand years of constitutional tradition by significantly reforming the ancient office of Lord Chancellor, which straddled all three branches of government. A stated goal of this legislation was to create more favorable external perceptions of the British constitutional and justice system. But even though the enacted legislation does substantively promote this goal, both by enhancing the separation of powers and implementing new statutory safeguards for * Susanna Frederick Fischer is an Assistant Professor at the Columbus School of Law, The Catholic University of America, in Washington D.C. -
Holders of Ministerial Office in the Conservative Governments 1979-1997
Holders of Ministerial Office in the Conservative Governments 1979-1997 Parliamentary Information List Standard Note: SN/PC/04657 Last updated: 11 March 2008 Author: Department of Information Services All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this data. Nevertheless the complexity of Ministerial appointments, changes in the machinery of government and the very large number of Ministerial changes between 1979 and 1997 mean that there may be some omissions from this list. Where an individual was a Minister at the time of the May 1997 general election the end of his/her term of office has been given as 2 May. Finally, where possible the exact dates of service have been given although when this information was unavailable only the month is given. The Parliamentary Information List series covers various topics relating to Parliament; they include Bills, Committees, Constitution, Debates, Divisions, The House of Commons, Parliament and procedure. Also available: Research papers – impartial briefings on major bills and other topics of public and parliamentary concern, available as printed documents and on the Intranet and Internet. Standard notes – a selection of less formal briefings, often produced in response to frequently asked questions, are accessible via the Internet. Guides to Parliament – The House of Commons Information Office answers enquiries on the work, history and membership of the House of Commons. It also produces a range of publications about the House which are available for free in hard copy on request Education web site – a web site for children and schools with information and activities about Parliament. Any comments or corrections to the lists would be gratefully received and should be sent to: Parliamentary Information Lists Editor, Parliament & Constitution Centre, House of Commons, London SW1A OAA. -
House of Lords Appointments Commission Annual Report
House of Lords Appointments Commission Annual Report October 2013 – October 2015 HOUSE OF LORDS APPOINTMENTS COMMISSION Room G/08, 1 Horse Guards Road, London SW1A 2HQ General Enquiries: 020 7271 0848 Internet: http://lordsappointments.independent.gov.uk E-mail: [email protected] Rt Hon David Cameron MP Prime Minister 10 Downing Street London SW1A 2AA Dear Prime Minister, I enclose the ninth report from the House of Lords Appointments Commission. It covers our work over two years, from 2013 to 2015. During the reporting period the Commission has recommended four individuals for appointment as non-party-political peers, our first since December 2012, which is in line with your guidance for the Commission to make two recommendations each year. In addition to making recommendations for appointment to the crossbenches, the Commission has continued to vet for propriety individuals nominated by the political parties and by you, as Prime Minister, for appointment to the House of Lords. During the reporting period, the Commission vetted 79 such nominees who were subsequently appointed to the House of Lords: 67 individuals nominated by the political parties, seven individuals who took up Ministerial Office and five individuals nominated by you for public service who sit on the crossbenches. Yours sincerely, Rt Hon Professor the Lord Kakkar Chairman Members: Lord Hart of Chilton, Rt. Hon. Lord Howard of Lympne QC, Rt. Hon. Lord Kakkar (Chairman), Lord Low of Dalston, Professor Gillian Peele, Sir Malcolm Ross, Baroness Scott of Needham -
Guide to the Council of the European Communities : December 1989
General Secretariat of the Council GUIDE TO THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES December 1989 General Secretariat of the Council GUIDE TO THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, December 1989 This publication is also available in the following languages: ES ISBN 92-824-0702-0 DA ISBN 92-824-0703-9 DE ISBN 92-824-0704-7 GR ISBN 92-824-0705-5 FR ISBN 92-824-0707-1 IT ISBN 92-824-0708-X NL ISBN 92-824-0709-8 PT ISBN 92-824-0710-1 Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1990 ISBN 92-824-0706-3 Catalogue number: BX-57-89-176-EN-C © ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1990 Printed in Belgium CONTENTS Page Council of the European Communities 5 Presidency of the Council 7 Conference of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States 8 List of representatives of the governments of the Member States who regularly take part in Council meetings 9 Belgium 10 Denmark 11 Federal Republic of Germany 12 Greece 15 Spain 17 France 19 Ireland 21 Italy 23 Luxembourg 29 Netherlands 30 Portugal 32 United Kingdom 35 Permanent Representatives Committee 39 Coreper II 40 Coreper I 42 Article 113 Committee 44 Special Committee on Agriculture 44 Standing Committee on Employment 44 Budget Committee 44 Scientific and Technical Research Committee (Crest) 45 Education Committee 45 Committee on Cultural Affairs 46 Select Committee on Cooperation Agreements between the Member States and third countries 46 Energy Committee 46 Standing Committee on Uranium -
Tristan Garel-Jones, Tory 'Wet' and Able Deputy Chief Whip Under
Tristan Garel-Jones, Tory ‘wet’ and able deputy chief whip under Margaret Thatcher – obituary telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2020/03/24/tristan-garel-jonestory-wet-able-deputy-chief-whip-margaret/ By, Telegraph Obituaries Lord Garel-Jones, who has died aged 79, was a Tory “wet” who was deputy chief whip under Margaret Thatcher – and was demonised by her supporters for having supposedly engineered her removal in November 1990. When Sir Anthony Meyer staged his “stalking-horse” challenge to her leadership in 1989, Garel-Jones worked secretly on her behalf, and the following spring he warned her of “100 assassins lurking in the bushes”. In a private note to the chief whip Tim Renton, however, Garel-Jones warned that support for Mrs Thatcher “could not be relied upon if a ‘proper’ candidate entered the field”, adding: “I regard it as very possible that Michael Heseltine could not resist making a challenge next year and that he might well force a second round, with all the consequences that flow from that. “I believe that this is the beginning of the end for Mrs Thatcher. The job of the [Whips’] Office, it seems to me, is to try and manage the end in a way that does not split the Party. This means avoiding the daylight assassination of the Prime Minister by her enemies. I … would rather lose the next election with the Prime Minister we have than risk the bitter factionalism that would follow her forced removal. But that might not be an option … All the ingredients exist for a fight. Unless …” Unless what? As Charles Moore noted in the third volume of his authorised biography of Margaret Thatcher, Garel-Jones did not say, indicating, Moore suggested, that “he wanted … to find a decorous way of … letting Mrs Thatcher go. -
Science Policy Under Thatcher
Science Policy under Thatcher Science Policy under Thatcher Jon Agar First published in 2019 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Text © Jon Agar, 2019 Jon Agar has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as author of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Agar, J. 2019. Science Policy under Thatcher. London, UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787353411 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. If you would like to re-use any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons license, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-1-78735-343-5 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-342-8 (Pbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-341-1 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-78735-344-2 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-78735-345-9 (mobi) ISBN: 978-1-78735-346-6 (html) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787353411 For Kathryn, Hal and Max, and my parents Ann and Nigel Agar. -
The Conservatives in Crisis
garnett&l 8/8/03 12:14 PM Page 1 The Conservatives in crisis provides a timely and important analysis incrisis Conservatives The of the Conservative Party’s spell in Opposition following the 1997 general election. It includes chapters by leading academic experts The on the party and commentaries by three senior Conservative politicians: Lord Parkinson, Andrew Lansley MP and Ian Taylor MP. Having been the dominant force in British politics in the twentieth century, the Conservative Party suffered its heaviest general Conservatives election defeats in 1997 and 2001. This book explores the party’s current crisis and assesses the Conservatives’ failure to mount a political recovery under the leadership of William Hague. The Conservatives in crisis includes a detailed examination of the reform of the Conservative Party organisation, changes in ideology in crisis and policy, the party’s electoral fortunes, and Hague’s record as party leader. It also offers an innovative historical perspective on previous Conservative recoveries and a comparison with the revival of the US Republican Party. In the conclusions, the editors assess edited by Mark Garnett and Philip Lynch the failures of the Hague period and examine the party’s performance under Iain Duncan Smith. The Conservatives in crisis will be essential reading for students of contemporary British politics. Mark Garnett is a Visiting Fellow in the Department of Politics at the University of Leicester. Philip Lynch is a Senior Lecturer in Politics at the University of Leicester. Lynch Garnett eds and In memory of Martin Lynch THE CONSERVATIVES IN CRISIS The Tories after 1997 edited by Mark Garnett and Philip Lynch Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Copyright © Manchester University Press 2003 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors. -
Original File Was 2Ndsubmission.Tex
THE FURTHER RISE OF THE CAREER POLITICIAN Soeren J. Henn† Abstract Political careers have changed dramatically in the last fifty years. Still, political science research has yet to fully quantify this development. Building on existing literature on career politicians, this study uses a handful of indicators introduced by King (1981), a new variable (pre-parliamentary occupations), and an original data set compiled by the author. The paper’s contribution to the literature is threefold. Firstly, using the variables introduced by King, I observe that a plateau in the number of career politicians has been reached. Secondly, when looking at the occupational background of politicians, the data show a further rise in career politicians. Thirdly, this development is especially prevalent among cabinet ministers. Keywords: British Politics, Political Careers, Political Recruitment † Harvard University, [email protected]. I am very grateful to Anthony King for excellent advice and support. I also thank Pippa Norris, Jonathan Homola, Priya Shanmugam and participants of the European Political Science Association conference for helpful comments and suggestions. 1 Introduction Political careers have changed dramatically in the last fifty years. Political science has tried to keep up with this development by looking at the professionalization of politics (Squire, 1992, 1993, 2007), the convergence of political careers across countries (Best and Cotta, 2000), the representation of women and minorities (Lovenduski and Norris, 1994; Norris, 1997; Dunrose et al, 2013; Allen and Cutts, 2016; Homola, Forthcoming), and pre-parliamentary professions (Allen, 2012; Cairney, 2012; Goplerud, 2015; Cairney et al, 2016). Recent work on party leaders (Cowley, 2012; Barber, 2014) shows a changing landscape at the top of politics. -
Parliament ’ S Secret War
Parliament ’ s Secret War Veronika Fikfak and Hayley J Hooper OXFORD AND PORTLAND, OREGON 2018 Hart Publishing An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Hart Publishing Ltd Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Kemp House 50 Bedford Square Chawley Park London Cumnor Hill WC1B 3DP Oxford OX2 9PH UK UK www.hartpub.co.uk www.bloomsbury.com Published in North America (US and Canada) by Hart Publishing c/o International Specialized Book Services 920 NE 58th Avenue, Suite 300 Portland , OR 97213-3786 USA www.isbs.com HART PUBLISHING, the Hart/Stag logo, BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2018 © Veronika Fikfak and Hayley J Hooper 2018 Veronika Fikfak and Hayley J Hooper have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identifi ed as Authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this work, no responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any statement in it can be accepted by the authors, editors or publishers. All UK Government legislation and other public sector information used in the work is Crown Copyright © . All House of Lords and House of Commons information used in the work is Parliamentary Copyright © . This information is reused under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 ( http://www.