The American Legion Magazine [Volume 76, No. 4 (April 1964)]

THE AMERICAN

LEGIONMAGAZINE 20C-APRIL 1964 THE BATTLE OVER TV RATINGS A CONGRESSIONAL LOOK AT HOW YOUR TV SHOWS ARE CHOSEN/BY RICHARD FINN

A 5-YEAR STOCK MARKET BOOM AND HOW TO INVEST IN IT/BY RICHARD RUSH

How Francis Scott Key Wrote An Early View of the

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APRIL 1964 LEGION Volume 76, Number 4 POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1055, Magazine Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

The American Legion Magazine Contents for April 1964 Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 COMMUNISM'S "EMANCIPATED" WOMEN 5 Publisher, James F. O'Neil BY CHRIS CLIFFORD Editor Robert B. Pitkin little 'picture story from behind the Iron Curtain. A Art Editor Al Marshall YESTERDAY—THE KEY TO TODAY AND TOMORROW 6 Associate Editors John Andreola BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DANIEL F. FOLEY Roy Miller James S. Swartz Some straight talk about the importance of giving our children Production Manager a grounding in American history. Ralph Peluso Copy flditor THE SHOT THAT WAS HEARD AROUND THE WORLD 7 Grail S. Hanford Contributing Editor A pictorial feature abcut a day in Pete Martin another April a long time ago. Circulation Manager Dean B, Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. HOW YOUR TV SHOWS ARE CHOSEN 12 Advertising Director BY RICHARD P. FINN Robert P. Redden Midwestern Adv. Sales What we learned from Congressional hearijigs on Office 35 East Wacker Drive the networks' method of guessing who's Chicago, 111. 60601 watching what channel. Washington Sales Office Jack L. Spore 1608 EC. St. N.W. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY AND THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER 14 Washington, D.C. 20006 BY JOSEPH SCHOTT

The author of our National Anthem, how he wrote it, CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1055, and the history of the song from 150 Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 u^ing Post Office years ago until today. Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses and current membership card number. Also be sure to AN EARLY VIEW OF THE 1964 KENTUCKY DERBY 18 troiify your Post Adjutant. BY JAMES PETER BLACK All about the three-year-old horses that looked the The American Legion best as the winter ended—for you to Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa have by your on 2. TV May (Chairman); Adolph F. Bremer, Winona,

Minn. ( Vice Chairman ) ; Lang Armstrong, HOW THEY TRANSLATE THE BIBLE Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- ton, W . V a. ; John Cicero, Swoyerville , Pa. INTO 1,202 LANGUAGES 20 E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Ela. ; CI ovis Cope- BY PETE MARTIN land, Morrilton, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- ingtown, Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; D. An interview with Dr. Eugene Nida, top linguist of a world-wide Chris Hernandez. Savannah, Ga. ; George Sumter, S. Edward treth, La network of Bible translators for the American Bible Society. Levy, C; Longs folia, Calif.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; Robert IS STRICT FEDERAL CONTROL OVER CIGARETTE Mitchler, Oswego, III.; Harry H. S chaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Harold A. Shindler, Lafayette,

Ind. ; SMOKING NECESSARY? 24 William F. Taylor, Greensburg t Ky. Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, trmonk, N. Y. (Consultant) pro: REP. JOHN J. RHODES (R-ARIZ.) con: REP. HAROLD D. COOLEY (D-N. C.) The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, A LONG LOOK AT THE STOCK MARKET 26 Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright 196 1 The American Legion. BY RICHARD H. RUSH by Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single copy, yearly subscription, $2.00. There's a long stock rise ahead, says this analysis of short 20 cents ; and long term investing. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 BASEBALL STARTS APRIL THE SOMETHINGTH 28 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., BY HAROLD DUNN New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by The American Legion, with National Head- Out of the exam papers of children comes a whole quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Daniel new look at American sports. F. Foley, National Commander.

Departments Publisher's Representatives West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 BOOKS 37 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. EDITOR'S CORNER 4 PERSONAL 43 Northwest The Harlowe Co. DATELINE WASHINGTON 8 ROD & GUN CLUB 46 Seattle, Wash. 98101 Southeast VETERANS NEWSLETTER 29 LEGION SHOPPER 55 The Dawson Co. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 31 PARTING SHOTS 60 Miami, Fla. &. Atlanta, Ga. Detroit Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Arden E. Roney & Assoc. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Detroit, Mich.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 CAN WE RELIBERATE THESE? sir: Do any of your readers have a Ger- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR man saber engraved: "Erich Deis, Leutnant, R Schweldevetn, F.R.F., 7th R Inf. Oberbefehlshaber Der Wehr- meracht?" It belongs to Herr Erich Deis, Letters pubVshed do not necessarily ex- THE WINTER OLYMPICS proprietor of the Anker Hotel at Ander- press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must sir: Three cheers for our wonderful nach on the Rhine. He won it for ex- furnished. Expressions opinion and be of magazine which, in its December issue, cellence in military competition. He was reques's for personal services are appreci- at the ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or shed light in advance on the defeat of Russian front when our WW2 ansioered, due to lack of magazine staff for our valiant Olympic performers at the troops occupied Andernach. The Amer- these purposes. Requests for personal serv- ican Provost Marshall required all ices which may be legitimately asked of winter Olympics ("Why We Deserve to Ger- The American Legion should be made to Lose the Olympics," by Irving Jaffee.) man firearms to be deposited with him Servic. Officer or ynur state y mt Post for safekeeping. Deis' (Department) American Legion Hq. Send I enclose a column from our Cumber- mother deposited letters to the editor to: Letters, The land (Md.) Sunday Times, for Feb. the saber in good faith, though only fire- American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- 8, arms were required. The saber disap- nue. New York, N. Y. 10019. by J. Suter Kegg, in which he gives full peared credit to Mr. Jaffee 's article for calling with the departure of our troops. the turn three months earlier. The saber is of great sentimental value JFK & THE LEGION Raymond J. Miller to Deis and his family. If anyone knows sir: In Life Magazine's memorial issue Lonaconing, Md. its whereabouts he would appreciate di- to JFK, it quotes our late President as rect correspondence with him: Herr saying in a House speech in 1949: "The Mr. Kegg's column gave Cumberland Erich Deis, Anker Hotel, Andernach on leadership of The American Legion has the Rhine, Germany. Times readers a detailed summary of not had a constructive thought for the Fred L. Mr. Jaffee's article on our December Walker benefit of this country since 1918." What Alexandria, pages, showing how we throw Ameri- Va. prompted him to say this? can amateurs against professionals Robbins sir: While in St. Vith, Belgium, William C. from Russia and other countries in the dedicat- Qiiincy, Mass. Olympics. ing the 106th Division Memorial, the ( mayor asked my help in returning a Self-confessed ignorance, which Life "Chaine due Roi," which disappeared CORRECTION failed to report. In a powerful pro- from a wardrobe in St. Vith in WW2, and Legion speech in 1960, Mr. Kennedy sir: In November you referred to the which a GI, with an MP, was later seen Hospital said: "I have learned a great deal about Veterans Memorial at Quezon packing in a box. The GI wore an Acorn The American Legion since 1949," a di- City, Luzon, Philippines as the "only patch (87th Div.) and the MP had an U.S. Veterans Administration Hospital rect reference to the naivete of his 1949 XX insignia (probably 20th Corps) . The House speech. outside the United States." It is not a chain is the historical and official insig- VA hospital, but is owned and operated nium of the St. Sebastian-St. Rock by the Philippine government. We hos- Brotherhood. It contains several medal- JIM BOYLE pitalize eligible veterans on a contract lions and a bird, one of which dates back sir: Your February editorial entitled "A basis for the Veterans Administration. to the 16th Century. The Brotherhood Great American," noting the retirement Henry J. Swanson, Manager has asked the help of our Brussels Em- of Jim Boyle, Adjutant of the Maine Veterans Memorial Hospital bassy, has advertised in German news- American Legion since 1919, was indeed Quezon City, Luzon, P.I. papers in towns where our troops were based on knowledge. I recall my first stationed, but has found no trace of the visit to his office when I was a Post THE LEGION CALENDAR "Chaine due Roi" in 20 years. If it could Commander, and he took the greater get the whole chain or any intact parts sir: its about time to thank you part of a day outlining the important Guess for the handy and useful Legionnaires' back it would be sensational for good role played by the Legion in the Amer- Calendar that you print each year in international relationships, and the ican way of life. He emphasized the issue of The American Brotherhood would be most grateful. If implementation of the tried and true the January any readers know anything about it, programs of the organization on the Post Legion Magazine. Willard Harbison would they be good enough to com- level. It was a half-day that I have never Phoenix, Ariz. municate with me? forgotten. In the years since I have con- Douglas S. Coffey tinued to seek Jim Boyle's advice and Town Hall, counsel, which I have found to be exact- We skipped it a year ago and our West Orange, N. J. ing and unselfish. During his many years readers skinned us alive for the omis- of service, Jim Boyle exemplified the sion. TRIBUTE highest standards of the organization. sir: I recently attended a testimonial James V. Day, Commissioner sir: Why did you fail to make special dinner to my uncle, John P. Riley, of Federal Maritime Commission mention of Easter Sunday in the annual Providence, R. I., who was a PFC in the Washington, D. C. Legionnaires' Calendar in the January 78th Division in WW1. I was amazed at issue? the constant parade of people who came sir: Thanks for your friendly editorial. (Fifteen readers by to greet him and shake his hand. Now asked this.) As a result of it I have heard from many a senior citizen, he was not known na- old timers who remember me over the tionally, but he held many local offices in years. I did make an effort to get the We have no right to represent the ob- the Legion and other organizations. He Legion over to others. I treasure a folder servances of any one religion to be a kept enormous records of his comrades, of records here in Maine when we tried tenet of all Americans or all Legion- and over the years he was never too to get the people behind the GI Bill in naires. It is a personal matter for each busy to listen to their problems—either 1944. Even the newspapers had heard individual and not ours to dictate. on the phone, which was constantly little of the proposed legislation, and the There are Jews, Buddhists, Moslems ringing, or in a personal visit to our colleges gave no help when the act was and other non-Christian Americans home, where the door was always open pending in Congressional committees. within the Legion. We are guided by day and night. It isn't because he is my They had a conviction then that boys American custom and tradition, and uncle that I write this, but because he away from studies four or five years the only religious holiday we note on is the kind of man who made The Amer- would not be qualified to enter. our Legionnaires' Calendar is Christ- ican Legion what it is. James L. Boyle mas, which is a traditional as well as William E. Riley Waterville, Maine religious holiday season. Providence, R. I.

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 Preparefor MEMORIAL DAY!

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20 inch, No. 73041 . 4.20 CITY STATE Send free catalog. Membership Card No Prices Include Federal Excise Tax Where Applicable. On All Orders under $3.00, Add 25< fur Postage and Handling. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 3 iN THIS ISSUE elimination in 1824, and (2) the disputed We are especially proud of the job our case of Tilden's elimination in 1876 has a authors have done in this issue to bring EDITOR'S man been elected President when another you interesting reports on things that are man got more electoral and popular votes allied to the interests of The American than he did. Legion. Devotion to God? Read Pete Mar- CORNER- Only in (3) the case of Harrison in 1888 tin's report on the American Bible So- did a winner get a majority of the electoral ciety's work to get the Bible into every- votes when another man outpulled him in one's language. America's herit- the popular vote. patriotic "And this above all—we are met in the In all elections three, age? See Joseph Schott's illuminating story Name of God, in Whose Name, and by other except these of The Star-Spangled Banner and of Whose aid the countless millions yet in since the popular vote was first recorded Francis Scott Key, who wrote the anthem bondage can be freed, and those yet free in 1824, the winner had more popular and 150 years ago. Or see National Com- can live on in liberty." more electoral votes than anyone else, even mander Foley's editorial on American if a combination of others had more than history, or our Art Director's picture fea- PRESIDENTS WITH NO MAJORITY he. ture of that April day in 1775 when the mailbag is full of all kinds of Our ques- NO LEGION GENERALS volley on Lexington Green started the tions. If you wrote us one and didn't get Mark Pedisich of Lake Ronkonkoma, American Revolution. We are equally an answer it's because there are more of you n. y., writes to say: "Your report of the proud of the fine reports of those authors than there is of us, while we each only have Post Everlasting Ceremony for the late in this issue who bring you insight into seven days a week. President Kennedy by his American Legion things you may be personally interested Here's a query of special interest in a Post (page 26, Feb.) refers to one of the in at this time: Richard Finn's piece on Presidential election year. It's from Peter W. participants being a Brigadier General. how your TV shows are selected or axed; Williams of Post 8. Munich, Germany. Wouldn't the identifying caption be con- Jim Black's preview of the horses that may "Has there ever been a President elected by trary to Section 1, Article II of The Ameri- dominate the 1964 Kentucky Derby; Rich- the Electoral College who didn't have a can Legion Constitution?" ard Rush's "A Long Look at the Stock majority of the popular vote?" he asks. The The applicable sentence of Section 1, Ar- Market." Happy reading. boys and girls in Munich Post 8 were de- ticle II of the Legion Constitution reads: bating the electoral system and didn't have "Rank does not exist in the Legion; no LINCOLN TODAY facts on that. member shall be addressed by his military Feb. 17, during Lincoln's birthday Yes, indeed. The popular vote wasn't On or naval title in any convention or meeting week, Past National Commander Ray counted until 1824. In that year Andrew of the Legion." This does not apply literally Murphy, of Iowa, spoke at a Legion confer- Jackson outpulled John Quincy Adams at to the identification of people in reporting ence in Iowa, and wondered what Lincoln the polls by almost half again as much, and events, nor do we believe there is a conflict would say to such an assembly with refer- in the electoral college by 99 to 84. Among here with the intent of Sec. 1, Art. II. From ence to the major world struggle of today. many candidates none had a majority of the history of the Legion's Constitution we Perhaps, said Murphy, Mr. Lincoln would electoral votes, and the House of Repre- believe the intent was to prevent a general say something like this: sentatives elected Adams, clearly second at from overriding a private by the use of rank, "Two score and seven years ago com- the polls. rather than by the virtue of his arguments, munist conspirators brought forth on two They changed some of the rules along the during official debate and deliberation in continents a new nation, conceived in way to permit a plurality of electoral votes the making of Legion decisions, and to pre- tyranny; dedicated to the proposition that to win. Then came 1860, and among four serve actual Legion offices as the only titular all men are but materialistic animals; com- candidates Abe Lincoln got more popular sources of authority in the conduct of mitted to world dominion under communist and electoral votes than any other, but a Legion affairs. rule. majority of neither, and became President. We feel that no trespass is made on these "With that nation and its satellites we In 1 876 was the famous case of Samuel grounds in the process of identifying people are now engaged in a great global war, un- Tilden vs. Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden had when reporting events. We'd hate to refer declared but deadly, testing whether that the count on Election Day, but the votes newswise to Douglas MacArthur, William nation and other nations of like purpose, of four states were challenged and in the Halsey, John Pershing, William Donovan, can long endure; testing whether our own end the House elected Hayes. George Patton, Chester Nimitz, William nation and nations—like ours dedicated to Next was 1888. Benjamin Harrison got a Mitchell, Alvin York, etc., without giving the proposition that all men are created majority of the electoral votes, though their due rank to any that were Legion- equal, endowed by their Creator with cer- Grover Cleveland had the most popular naires. But it's a good point. Thanks, Mr. tain unalienable rights—can long endure. votes. Harrison was in. Pedisich. "We are tonight met on no single battle- Cleveland had poetic justice four years field of that war, for the war in which we later, in 1892. This time he didn't have the PARTLY FUNNY find ourselves engaged is total, world-wide majority of the popular votes. But against pass on to you an item we read in the and all pervasive, knowing no boundaries, We two other candidates he had more than any January Esso PR Review. It reads: and often waged in the name of peace —yet other—both electoral and popular—and "Congressman Wayne Hays of Ohio has a war that imperils the survival of all man- won. a rather unusual method of replying to kind. We come now all the way down to 1948, lunatic and crank letters: 'Dear Sir: Twice "We meet tonight not to hallow, to not when Harry S. Truman outpulled each other in the last week some crackpot has written consecrate, not to dedicate a final resting candidate and won, though among them me a letter and signed your name to it. I place for the millions who have died that Thomas E. Dewey, Strom Thurmond and thought you ought to know about it before we, and others, may yet live in freedom. " Henry Wallace had the majority of votes. it gets out of hand.' Our dead are fallen the world around. Truman, 24,105,812. The other three, Another bit of too-true humor came from "Rather, we are gathered here to revital- 24.296,358. Dewey was just under 22 mil- the mouth of a friend recently, when we ize our own dedication, to reawaken our lion, Thurmond and Wallace split just un- were sitting—alone we thought—cogitating own sense of participation—to capture if der 2'/2 million. on the problems of the world. A hand rested we may the consecration of our fathers as Andrew Jackson was the only one who on our shoulder, and it was our friend, who it was at the birth of this nation and as it had an undisputed plurality of the electoral asked: "Who were you talking to?" was at Gettysburg. votes but didn't make it—in 1824. This led "Were we talking out loud?" we asked. "We are met, not in the name of but one to the party nominating conventions in 1832 "Yes," he said. Then he added: country alone, but in the name of all coun- to keep a raft of candidates from splitting "It's all right when you talk to yourself. tries —and all men—alike dedicated to lib- the popular vote to nonsense. "It's all right when you ask yourself a erty and equality under law for every man Everything was disputed in the Tilden- question and then answer it. —alike highly resolved that government of Hayes affair, and what was right and what "But when you ask yourself a question, the people, by the people and for the people was wrong depends on who's telling it. and then answer it, and then say 'What?', shall not perish from the earth. Only in (1) the clear case of Jackson's it's time to start looking for help." r.b.p.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRI L 1964 COMMUNISM'S EMANCIPATED" WOMEN

TTTe are all familiar with picture stories that show " our free countries to poor advantage. A camera- man who wants to shoot 100 photos of American slums,

or crime, or sickness, can go do it, with no hand to stop him. Government-sponsored "theme" photos of the worst of our Great Depression have become classics of an America that seemed to be all dust storms, bleached steer skulls, and miserable, homeless people. But even with tourists behind the Iron Curtain for some years now, cameras are closely watched there. A picture story on one unhandsome theme, taken in

many different cities, is a rarity. Chris Clifford shot from the hip to get these three photos, in three different cities, of some of the unfeminine labor of communism's women. They are women street cleaners, in Bucharest, Rumania; Moscow, Russia; and Budapest, Hungary. These films were overlooked when some of Clifford's rolls were confiscated. BU DAPEST

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 5 FOR YOUR INFORMATION Yesterday—The Key To Today and Tomorrow

By NATIONAL COMMAN

Are we doing enough—as parents, as educators, as Amer- I do not contend, and certainly no one should teach, that . ican Legionnaires—to instill in our young people a our system has worked perfectly. Once, though only once, knowledge and love of the heritage of their history? In an we turned to blood rather than reason to settle public differ- era of accelerated change, are we giving our youth a fair ences within our borders. There is as much to learn from the chance to recognize the changeless values of life in America? Civil War years as from our other eras. Today's citizen who The American Legion believes we must do more. Too many would countenance the shrill cry of hatred in public affairs young Americans finish their formal education with woefully can profit from Carl Sandburg's description of the public little appreciation of the institutions and way of life they will mood of the 1860's. "The teachings of hate became fiercer be called upon to uphold. in key. Proud and powerful men, reckless as to death and General Douglas MacArthur recently told me of having personal belongings and public peace, hunted through lan- met a brilliant young scientist who had completed intensive guage and lingo to find epithets, dirty names to call the Other graduate studies at a leading university. When their conversa- Side." Georgia's Alexander Stephens, when asked why Lin-

tion touched on the World War 1 period, the General said, it coln's election would mean war, could only reply: "Because developed that his young friend had never heard of General there are not virtue and patriotism and sense enough left in

John J. Pershing and the role of the American Expeditionary the country to avoid it." Force in France in 1917-18. His schooling had not covered Our youth are first of all Americans. No matter what tal- that phase of United States history. ents they develop, they must apply them in the mainstream Repeated surveys show that the General's friend has lots of American culture, according to American standards, in of company. The world's greatest free educational system is concert with American values. The school of American his-

continuing to turn out many graduates who are poorly in- tory is the only one where they can discover these values. formed in Americanism. They don't understand—because no During the first century and a quarter of our national life, one has told them—the how and why of America's greatness. history occupied a strategic place in the educational process. Thomas Jefferson, in listing requirements for Virginia's The schools, by and large, measure up to the standards pioneer school system, stipulated that reading in the primary that we, as a people, set and support. The problem stems grades be "chiefly historical." Jefferson explained: "History, from public indifference to the importance of the study of by apprising [students] of the past, will enable them to judge

history in preparing our youth for meaningful citizenship. of the future; it will avail them of the experience of other

History, according to the historian Allan Nevins, is "a times and other nations; it will qualify them as judges of the

bridge from the past, connecting it with the present and actions and designs of men." pointing to the road to the future." It illuminates, as no other field of study can, both the blessings of our free society and special committee of the American Historical Asso- the sacrifices that maintenance of freedom demands. A ciation in 1 899 reaffirmed this concept when it declared There are few achievements more noble than that of the history to be the focal point of the high school curriculum handful of American colonists who pitted "our lives, our for- dealing with man and society. In 1916, however, the focus tunes and our sacred honor" against the world's mightiest began to veer. A study committee of professional educators empire. They won their fight. They created a form of govern- asserted that history was no longer adequate to the key pur- ment premised on the then-revolutionary belief that all men pose of secondary education—namely, "enabling American are created equal and endowed by the Creator with the power youth to deal with the complex phenomena of modern so- to determine their own destiny. ciety." The committee recommended that the teaching of his- The Founding Fathers did not invent our form of govern- tory as a separate course be abandoned and that the subject ment out of thin air, or from theory arrived at by pure reason. be merged with others under the heading, "social studies." A profound knowledge of previous human history runs in a Today, the majority of high schools conform to this ap- strong current between the lines of their great documents. proach. Many do not list history on their curricula. New history since then illuminates the meaning of their In presenting this issue I question no one's motives. The achievement. For nearly two hundred years the American issue lies in differing judgments of the value of history in-

people have made their government work, perfecting it and struction for the modern student. I believe that in many school

defending it as needed. districts the valuation of our history has been set too low.

It is fruitless to think that a youngster today can separate I believe American history can and must be a dramatic and

what is superficial from what is fundamental in the stream memorable part of young Americans' education.

of American life if he is not grounded in the history which In order to lead this nation through the tests ahead, they led to the founding of our country, or in the flow of events will need all of the inspiration and enlightenment and courage in America since then. that they can draw from a priceless heritage.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 CULVER PHOTOS

THE SHOT THAT WAS HEARD AROUND THE WORLD

An early rendition of the Battle on Lexington Green, April 19, 1775.

A pril 19, one hundred eighty nine years ago,, the redcoats marched out of Boston to seize the stored arms of the colonial rebels. Minutemen answered the call of Paul Revere and William Dawes. On Lexington Green a volley mowed some of them down, and more at Concord Bridge. Then from behind fences and trees, the British were harried to Boston with 273 casualties. The American Revolu- tion was on. The artist who depicted the Lexington

volley (above) is lost to memory. Harvey Dunn painted "He answered the call at midnight" (left). A Westerner, proud of his American Indian blood, and one of the deans of the "Golden Age of American Illustrators" (1920-1935) Dunn, who died in 1953, ,

"He answered the call at midnight." painted many covers for this magazine years ago.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 7 , —

RUSSIA'S FISHING FLEET. DATELINE UNITED NATIONS' GROWING PAINS. FOREIGN AID OVERHAUL? WASHINGTON

PEOPLE AND QUOTES: Russia has o penly boasted it intends to build up "GO" SIGNALS the world ' s largest , best fishing fleet . . . Al- "I regard achievement of the though the USSR has close to its boundaries 12 large full potential of our resources fishing areas, Red flotillas of trawlers have been physical, human, and otherwise invading fishing grounds all over the world, employing —to be the highest purpose of such rough tactics as hit-run collisions to chase governmental policies next to away rivals for the catch. the protection of those rights we Russian sea rustlers, warns a Senate Commerce regard as inalienable." Presi- Committee special report, are in effect running riot dent Johnson. on "one of the major battlefields of the cold war." The report is also concerned with what it euphe- "STOP" LIGHT mistically describes as "extra-curricular activi- ". . . Let me disclaim any ties" of the Red sea-prowlers . . . which show up notion that government can tell at such places as the mid-ocean testing areas for businessmen how to run their U.S. defense activities . . . The Soviet ships are businesses." Secretary of Com- known to be equipped not only with the latest fishing merce Hodges. gear, but also with ultra-modern underwater and space-tracking electronic gear. IVAN'S GOT A SECRET "I am pretty well convinced

The United Nations aged 19 , still suffers from the Russians have all our growing pains . . . Initiated by 51 countries, UNs' secrets and . . . the secrets we planners, in building New York headquarters, antici- are going to discover in the next pated eventual membership of 75 . . . Today the UN two years." Dr. Edward Teller, has 113 members with some 10-15 new nations expected atomic physicist. by 1970. Official Washington position is that, for all of SELF-RESPECT its failings, UN has helped deter or terminate war- "No nation can respect an- fare in Iran, Greece, Kashmir, Korea, Congo, and Car- other nation which does not self-respect to de- ibbean, twice in mid-East and Western Pacific . . . have enough Says Secretary of State Rusk: fend its own legitimate in- "It is not fanciful to speculate that any or all of terests." Rep. Richard H. Poff, us may owe our lives to the fact that these dangers R-Va. were contained, with the active and persistent help of the processes of the UN." PROBLEM OF MIRACLES "The miracles of modern It is now possible, in theory at least, that a two- thirds majority of the General Assembly can be science by their very physical achieved by countries having 10% of the world's pop- and material nature do not offer for our most serious ulation, or who contribute 5% of the UN budget. a solution problems . . . problems of human nature." Sen. John O. Pastore, Even the strong champions of U. S. foreign aid now D-R.I. say that changes must be made to improve the ef- fectiveness of our giving ana lending aollars and ARE THESE OUR KIDS? earth's surface . . . But how? commodities over the "At a time when boys should is an increasingly Fact is that reducing aid have nothing to do with girls . . . or Greece, difficult problem Cut aid to Turkey except throw things at them and we affect the situation in Cyprus . . . Reduce they are pressured into dat- assistance to South Vietnam, and we open the door to ing. Dating gets boring so they the Red Viet-Cong . . . Tighten aid to Brazil or go steady. That gets boring so Bolivia, and we involve our relations with all of they get married." Margaret Latin America . . . Help friends and allies, yet to- Mead, anthropologist. morrow they may be unfriendly or downright hostile. In Washington, virtually every policymaker and idea THE BIG PUZZLE shaker has come up with a scheme to reform the aid "For our human race the cen- program . . . Basically, they line up on two sides tral problem is still that of

. . . those who would trim aid with a surgical knife understanding nature and at- and those who would chop off chunks with a woodsman's tempting to control it." Paul ax ... In matters of aid, the President poses, M. Gross, retiring president,

Congress disposes . . . and when aroused, Congress American Association for the threatens with an ax. Advancement of Science.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 .

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TV, like mass politics, aims at

the lowest common denominator-

and has to guess what that is.

Johnny Carson, left, told House Committee he lost two TV shows to ratings. With him, Rep. John Moss, Calif.

By RICHARD P. FINN

Have any of YOUR pet television shows gone off the air recently? Have you wondered why they were cancelled, if you liked them so much? The network's national audience rating method may account for the disappear- ing act.

The fault, when there is fault, lies with the billion-dollar broadcasting industry's use of five-and-dime program rating methods. This has come most forcefully to light via a lengthy probe by the House Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Investigations in Washington of the way TV shows are junked. Most of the committee's sleuthing was done by As- Nielsen ratings attempt to judge shows on viewing habits in sistant Counsels Rex Sparger and Robert E. L. Richardson, one household out of 50,000—but actually fall short of that. the latter an Oklahoma Legionnaire. A. C. Nielsen Co., the biggest rating service by a wide hold in the United States an equal or known opportunity to margin, is a fast-growing organization with annual sales of be selected. Using the 175,000 Census Enumeration Districts about $46 million and 5,000 employees. From their Chicago into which the 1960 Census divided the continental United headquarters, Nielsen researchers rate everything from light States, Nielsen selected 6,000 districts, somewhat less than bulb durability to popularity of new bottle caps to TV shows. 4% of the total. Twelve households (one "basic" and 11 al- The latter accounts for only a small part of total sales, but ternates) were then to be located in each of the 6,000 neigh- it is causing them by far the most trouble. The company borhoods, for a total of 72,000 households. A random num- was founded by Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr., in 1923 and it is still ber is then selected by a computer for the "basic" household family-controlled and run. Mr. Nielsen, Sr., is now chair- within each district. Say the random number is 401. An in- man, and his son, Arthur, Jr., is president. Nielsen has com- terviewer is sent to a point pinpointed on a map of the Sam- petition in its various research services, but no one else has ple District and he begins to count off the households as he been able to match its prestige or blue-ribbon clientele. circles the blocks by car in a systematic pattern. At the 401st The Nielsen Co. uses telephone interviews, written diaries household he stops and interviews the occupant. and an automatic recording device, called the Audimeter. Nielsen uses this sample in many ways. The firm claims that Such devices are placed in about 1,150 homes in most—but it can be used to determine any household characteristic, be not all —sections of the country. They are supposed to record it television viewing, magazine or newspaper readership, own- a cross-section of what the nation is looking at on TV. ership of autos or tea kettles, educational level, occupation Nielsen says its "sample" is designed to give every house- and so on. The Nielsen Company doesn't include the Rocky

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 "The Voice of Firestone." Sponsor didn't care about rating, but networks "It's a Man's World," a quality show hailed by critics, dropped it because non-lovers of good music might switch to new channels. gave way to reruns of old movies on NBC chain.

Mountain time zone in its sample, however, because it is too sparsely populated and too expensive to survey. It thus over- looks the characteristics of roughly 265 counties out of the nation's 3,072, including such fast-growing areas as Phoenix and Tucson, Ariz.; Denver, Colo.; and Salt Lake City, Utah. Nielsen calls its sampling scheme "an area-proba- bility design." Other important research companies offering rating services are American Re- search Bureau of Beltsville, Md.; Sind- linger of Norwood, Pa.; Pulse and Tren- 50,000 letters protesting cancellation "The New Merv Griffin Show," above, dex of New York City; and TV-Q of cut no ice. It went off of NBC when ings were held to be more conclusive. Manhasset, N. Y. In the Nielsen TV ratings, each sam- turned on and records only the channel ple citizen has a small silver box con- to which it is tuned. It does not record taining a microfilm cartridge attached to if the entire family is watching or if no- his set. TV It constantly records whether body is watching, nor does it show if the the set is off or on and if on, to what volume and brightness are audible and channel it is tuned. It costs Nielsen about visible. Neither does it tell if the viewer $600 to build and install each Audime- hates or loves the show. It does, however, ter. The TV householder who acts as a enable Nielsen to say—with considera- guinea pig is supposed to remove the ble self-assurance — that "Gunsmoke" microfilm magazine each two weeks and had a rating of 26.5 recently. That sup- mail it to the company's Chicago head- posedly means that 26.5% of all U.S. quarters for tabulation. For his labors, television households were watching the each member of the Nielsen sample gets sagebrush saga on a given night. two quarters from the Audimeter every During its 18-month investigation, the time the microfilm cartridge is removed House Subcommittee raised numerous for shipment to Nielsen headquarters. A doubts about the reliability of the tele- premium plan, similar to trading stamps, vision and radio ratings. For example, is another inducement for people to stay one out of ten Audimeters was found to in the sample. be malfunctioning, because of either me- As ratings go up, so do sponsors' fees. Each Audimeter, whose host house- Cost to advertisers for time on NBC's chanical or electrical failures. On ac- hold is considered to represent about 50,- highly-rated Dr. Kildare show (above) count of sickness, vacations or assorted 000 homes, reports only when the set is rose 73% during three good TV seasons. (Continued on page 38) THE AM RICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 13 Francis Scott Key arid

gEPTEMBER 13, 1964, will be the 150th Anniversary of the night bombardment of

Fort McHenry, Md., in 1814, in a British effort to seize Baltimore from the sea.

The "rocket's red glare" and the "bomb bursting in air' ivhich "gave proof through

the night that our flag was still there," were immortalized in the verses of The Star-

Spangled Banner, penned by a Baltimore lawyer who anxiously watched the bom-

bardment while detained afloat by the enemy. Here is the story of Francis Scott Key,

and of the National Anthem of the United States during the 150 years since then.

THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY By JOSEPH SCHOTT Mm Early on the morning of Septem- ber 5, 1814, a slender 34-year-old lawyer named Francis Scott Key boarded the sloop Minden at a Baltimore wharf. The Minden's destination that morning was the mouth of the Patapsco River below Fort McHenry, where 16 warships of the British Navy stood in a threatening line, their guns run out and pointed at the American shore. (J^U- 7£T -a >&Xj*_ Ttr.r As the Minden passed Fort McHenry on the downriver journey, Key noted with interest the antlike activity of sol- 61* diers piling bags of earth on the ramparts around the base of the pole holding the big U. S. flag which flapped proudly in the morning breeze. The sight of the flag thrilled the patriotic Key as always, but not for long, because on this morning a lawyer's business occupied his mind. A client. Dr. William Beanes, had gotten himself into serious trouble and Key was on his way to try to get him out. To explain fully Key's mission that morning, one must hark back briefly to some of the events of the War of 1812. Because of oppressive restrictions im- posed by the British on American shipping on the high seas, the U. S. Congress declared war against Great Britain in 1812. Fighting raged intermittently for the next two years. During the summer 1 of 1814, British troops landed on the coast of the United States, sacking vil- (D lages and plantations. On August 24, 1814, the invaders reached Washington and burned the Capitol and the White House. The red glare from the fires could be seen in the night sky throughout the countryside, even from as far away as Baltimore.

For a brief period during this cam- Key's first draft of the National Anthem was lost at the type shop which" set the paign, the British commander. Rear handbill on the opposite page. A day or two later he wrote the above from memory.

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 THE PEALE MUSEUM, BALTIMORE pangled Banner

dings of a musket barrel. He found his occupy the city of Baltimore for winter bed surrounded by a squad of grim- headquarters. The British admiral wrote faced redcoats. a letter to Secretary of State James Mon- "You are under arrest for attacking a roe informing him of the imminent at- British soldier with a pistol," the com- tack and advising the city to surrender. mander informed him. Then they hustled Instead of surrendering, the city called him in his nightshirt away to the fleet. in the militia and prepared for battle. Aboard a British man-of-war he was put In the face of these warlike prepara- in irons and threatened with transporta- tions, Francis Scott Key, attorney-at- tion to Halifax for hanging. law, boarded the Minden and sailed un- But before dealing with Dr. Beanes, der a flag of truce to plead with the vin- Admiral Cockburn had a more urgent dictive British Admiral Cockburn to ex- matter of business. He had orders to at- tend clemency to his client, Dr. Beanes. tack and demolish Fort McHenry and At 34, Key was a highly respected law-

THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY

DEFENCE OF FOET MJfEJYRF, "By Dawn's Early Light," painted by E. Percy The annexed song was composed under the following circumstances™ Moran, showing Key and (probabfy) Dr. Beanes A gentleman had left Baltimore, in a fl»g of truce for the purpose of get- as the dawn reveals the huge flag still flying. ling released from the British fleet, a friend of his who tad been captured at Marlborough,— He went at far a* the mouth of the Patoxent, and was not permuted to return test the intended attack on Baltimore should be disclosed, He wa* therefore brought up the Bay to the month of the Pa- tapsco, where the flag vessel was kept under the guos of a frigate, and Adm. Sir George Cockburn, came he was compelled to witness the bombardment of Fort M'Henry, which the Admiral bad boasted that he would carry in a few hours, and ashore and set up headquarters in Upper thai the city most jail. He watched the flag at the Fort through the Marlboro, Md., taking over the mansion whole day with an anxiety that can be better felt than described; until the night prevented him from seeing it, In the night he watched the Bomb- of Dr. Beanes, an elderly and prominent shells, and at early dawn his eye was again greeted the proudly by " waving flag of his country. " physician. Dr. Beanes was a patriotic W*L American, but to insure the safety of his Tune—Abickos in Heaven.

home and personal property, he gave his O ! say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last word of honor to the admiral that he gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, would not personally engage in hostilities O'er the ramparts we watch 'd, were so gallantly streaming t And the Rockets' red glare, the Bombs bursting in against the invaders. While the air, British Cave proof through the night that oar Flag was still there;

remained in his home, Dr. Beanes kept © ! say does that star spangled Banner yet Ware, O'er toe Land of the free, and the home of the his word. But after American resistance brave ? increased and Admiral Cockburn and his On the shore dimly sees through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, staff departed from the town, Beanes What it (hat which the breeate, o'er the lowering steep, As it considered himself absolved of his prom- fitfully blows, half conceals half discloses? Mow it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, ise. In full glory reflected new shines in the stream, Watching the British troops withdraw, Tta the star spangled banner, O! long may it wave O'er the lard of the free and the home of the brave the citizens of Upper Marlboro were as- And where is that band swore sailed with optimism. A fantastic rumor who so vaontingly That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, arose that the redcoats had been de- A home and a country, shall leave us no more 3 Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps polls tie r, feated. In celebration, Dr. Beanes and No refuge could save the hireling aod slave,

From the terror of flight or - two friends sat around a tavern table one the gloom of the grave, And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave, evening, toasting each other with mugs O'er the Land of the Fret, and the Home of the Brave. of hot rum punch. At the height of this O ! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand, bibulous rejoicing, three British soldiers, Between their lov'd home, and the war's desolation, hungry, Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heav'n rescued land, dirty and footsore, stumbled up the Praise Power thai hath made and preaerv'd us a nation ! to the tavern door, seeking Then conquer we must, when our cease it is just, food and ;" And this be oar motto—" In God 4s our Trust shelter. With alcoholic exuberance Dr. And the statr-spaagled Banner in triumph shall wave, Beanes drew a pistol and led his friends O'er the f/and of the Free, and the Home of the Brave. in disarming the redcoats and locking them in the local jail. When a British Army detachment came through town a few days later, the commanding officer was angered to find three of his men in jail. At midnight Dr. A fourteen-year-old apprentice set this handbill in type from Key's original. Passed Beanes was wakened by the rude prod- out in Baltimore, it was promptly acclaimed. Everyone knew the tune by its name.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 15 .

BETTMAN ARCHIVES

The Fort McHenry flag was much larger than this early stee! engraving suggests

Contiinued Francis Scott Key and The Star-Spangled Banner

yer. A native of Maryland, he had been sensitive features. He wrote verse as a born on the family estate, "Terra hobby and rode to the hounds for sport. Rubra," in Carroll County in 1779 and A singular trait of his was that he had educated at St. John's College in Annap- practically no ear for music at all. olis. His first law partner was Roger An experienced legal defender. Key Brooke Taney, later Chief Justice of the did not go to the aid of his client unpre- United States. Taney married Key's only pared. When he appeared before Ad- A sketch showing the relation of the sister, Ann Arnold Key. miral Cockburn on H. M. S. Tonnant, fort to Baltimore, and the enemy fleet. In 1802 Key married Mary Tayloe Key, who had come with Col. John S. Lloyd, the daughter of an old Maryland Skinner, U. S. Government agent for ar- captors during their imprisonment. family, and they raised a family of six ranging the transfer of prisoners, pre- With a lawyer's subtlety, Key ex- sons and five daughters. An Episco- sented two saddlebags filled with letters pressed the sincere hope that this kind palian, he was deeply religious and at one written by wounded British soldiers who treatment would continue; he also period of his life seriously considered en- had fallen into American hands at the voiced, however, the fear that reprisals tering the clergy. Battle of Bladensburg. These letters all against these wounded British soldiers In appearance Key was slender and attested to the kind treatment the prison- might occur if such a prominent indi- erect, with piercing blue eyes and thin ers were receiving from their American vidual as Dr. William Beanes of Upper

Words by Francis Scott Key "THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER Traditional Melody

Bb Bb P Bb Bb F F7 F7

And the rock efs red glare. the bomb burst ing in air. O say can you see, by the dawn's ear ly light, Now it catch • es the gleam of the morn ing's first beam. On the shore dim ly seen through the mists of the deep, No ref - uge could save the hire • ling and slave And where that band who so vaunt < ing ly swore, Then con • quer we must, when our cause it is just. O thus it ev • er when free • men shall stand F7 Bb F F7 Gm C7 F

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.

- What so proud ly we hailed at the - • twi light's last gleam ing, In full glo ry fleet - ed now shines in the stream. Where the - - foe's haugh ty host in dread si lence re - po • ses, From the ter ror of flight or the gloom of the grave

That • • the ha voc of war and the bat tie's con • fu - sion And this be our mot - to "In God is our trust."

Be • tween their loved • home and the war's des o - la tion! F F7 Bb Bb G7 Cm Cm Bb! O

Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the per • il * ous fight

What is that which the breeze, o'er the tow - er • ing steep, A home and a Coun - try should leave us no more? Blest with vie • t'ry and peace may the heaven res - cued land

O'er the ram • parts we watched, were so gal - lant • ly stream-ing? of the brave?

As it fit - ful • ly blows, half con • ceals, half dts • clos • es? of the bravel Their blood has washed out their foul foot • steps* pol • lu • tion. of the brave,

Praise the Power that hath made and pre • served us a na - tion! of the brave/*

The Star-Spangled Banner was officially designated as the This is the version, now before Congress as House Joint Res- National Anthem in 1931, but no exact version was approved. olution 4, being urged by Congressman Joel Broyhill, Virginia.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 Marlboro was spirited away to Halifax and imprisoned or hanged. The unsmiling admiral fingered the letters and heeded the message. It was the life of a Yankee doctor balanced against the lives of many British soldiers. "All right," said Cockburn. "I will release him, but not until I complete my military operations against Fort Mc- Henry. Until these operations are completed, you and your precious Dr. Beanes will remain in British custody."

Francis Scott Key, the poetical attorney-at-law, stayed with his client on the Minden under the guns of the Brit-

ish fleet for the next 1 1 days. Key watched the mounting activity and chafed at his confinement. He was a member of a volunteer light artillery bat- tery in Baltimore and yearned to be with them when action began. The British struck swiftly with a combined land and sea attack. The landing party, 3,500 strong, was commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Ross. In the fierce fighting General Ross was killed. The redcoats fell back stunned, carrying the body of their dead commander. Baffled by the stubborn resistance. Ad- miral Cockburn moved his 16 ships of the line into position on the morning of September 13, 1814. and laid down a bombardment that lasted for 24 hours. The British fleet fired over 1,500 shells, concentrating on Fort McHenry, above whose ramparts flew the largest Ameri- can flag ever hoisted on a pole up to that time. This flag, which inspired the poem whose words became our national anthem, had been commissioned by Col. George Armistead, the commander of Fort McHenry, in August 1814. He had a Baltimore seamstress, Mrs. Mary Young Pickersgill, make the flag—32 feet by 40 feet in size—for a fee of $400. Mrs. Pickersgill and her 13-year-old daughter found space on the floor of a large warehouse and worked around the clock until the flag was completed. The flag had 15 stars in five rows and eight red stripes and seven white stripes. This huge banner, flying atop the slender flagpole on the ramparts of the fort, was an irritating manifestation of defiance to the attacking British. All the long day of September 13, Key and Dr. Beanes paced the deck of the Minden, watching the fort take its terri- ble shelling. Snatched from home without his spectacles, Dr. Beanes was almost blind. In the midst of the uproar he kept grasping Key's arm and asking him

if the flag was still there.

"Key! Is the flag still there?"

snappishly that it This winter the Smithsonian Institution put the Fort McHenry flag in a new setting Key would answer (above). The bottom was cut off right after the battle to drape a fallen soldier. was. When night (Continued on page 47)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 17 An early view of the 1964 KENTUCKY DERBY

Roman Brother, with Jockey John Rotz up, NEW YORK RACING ASSOCIATION

Tosmah, top-ranked two-year-old filly of 1963 (far right), winning Willie Hartack helps Chieftain (9) outrun Willie Shoemaker on Count Bud the Frizette Stakes at Aqueduct last Oct. 5. Jockey: Sam Boulmetis. (5) to take the first division of the Cowdin Stakes at Aqueduct last Sept. 30.

You won't know the starters 'til May 2. But here's a look at the field.

By JAMES PETER BLACK eight, or maybe ten or 1 2 three-year-old nary entry ; there's no Hotstuff in the 1 964 horses whose owners actually send them Derby). Saturday. May 2, the Kentucky to the starting gate. This year, these novice horseplayers OnDerby will be run for the 90th Around the TV, Mr. and Mrs. Amer- will be on about as firm ground as any- time, at Churchill Downs in ica will bet nickels, dimes or quarters one.

Louisville, Ky. with each other on the race. Most of The 1964 Kentucky Derby is, as al- That is the season when not only the these once-a-year racing fans will first ways, limited to three-year-old horses. habitual horseplayers, but everyone, in- become aware of the names of the start- The starters were two-year-olds in 1963, cluding Mom. Pop, Brother, Sister, ing horses in the week, day or hour be- and became three-year-olds on January

Auntie and Uncle, will suddenly talk fore the race. They will favor one be- 1, 1964, in accordance with the custom knowingly about racehorses. cause he has a pretty name, another be- that the birthday of all thoroughbreds

Millions of people who will pay no at- cause "someone" said he "couldn't be born in any year is January 1, no matter tention to any other horses or races all beaten." Uncle may have heard that Hot- the date they were actually foaled. If a year will glue themselves to their TVs on stuff won some race somewhere before. strong favorite is going to emerge for

May 2, waiting for the start. While wait- Having heard nothing of the other the 1964 Derby, it will have to come to ing, they will argue the merits of the six, horses, he'll go for Hotstuff (an imagi- the fore in the last few weeks before the

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 winning the Champagne Stakes, an important two-year-old test, at Aqueduct Oct. 12. Northern Dancer wins the Sir Gaylord at Aqueduct.

GARDEN STATE RACING ASSOCIATION

Raise a Native wins the Juvenile Stakes Hurry to Market, pursued by Roman Brother, wins the Garden Stakes in mud last Nov. 9. at Aqueduct, and equals his own record.

race. Favorites don't always win, but there the best 1963 two-year-olds in the opin- usually are favorites. In 1958, Silky Sul- ion of virtually all the experts. Both the livan, the come-from-behind California Jockey Club handicapper and the Morn- colt, went into the race with the strong ing Telegraph's consensus of sportswrit- backing of an enormous following, based ers and handicappers agreed at the end on his dramatic record as a two-year-old. of the year that Raise a Native and Hurry

The fact that he finished 1 2th in a field of to Market were the cream of the crop.

14 in the Derby does not alter the other In rating 131 of 1 963's two-year-olds, fact that before the race he was a mighty the Jockey Club put Raise a Native, of favorite. Harbor View Farm (Ocala, Fla.) on top But going into March, the 1964 Derby of the heap. The Morning Telegraph's field was wide open. Among this crop of poll rated this fine chestnut colt second. three-year-olds there weren't any estab- Raise a Native made the most impressive lished favorites. start last year of all the 15,000-or-so None of the horses from which the thoroughbreds born in 1961. He started May 2 field will come won more than one in four races and won them all. A son major stakes race as a two-year-old. As of Native Dancer and Raise You, his big

quickly as one surged to the fore, it got stakes win was the Great American

whipped the next time it went against at up Stakes New York's Aqueduct, setting Golden Ruler, in Kentucky after big win in class. In spite of this confusing record, a track record for 5Vz furlongs. In a the 1963 Arlington-Washington Futurity, two colts did so well that they became lesser race he {Continued on page 44) about to run poorly in Breeders' Futurity.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 19 How they translate

American Bible Society, with Theheadquarters at Bible House in New York City, is a leader of a THE BIBLE world-wide chain of Bible Societies whose aim is to put the Bible—or as much of it as is feasible—everywhere on earth, and to make it wanted by and readable to every human being. From time to time it has been sug- into 1,202 gested that the Bible Society ought to teach the Bible; organize churches and missions; evangelize. But while missionaries work with it and for it, the Ameri- can Bible Society is not a missionary society. Its work is the most ambitious LANGUAGES book-publishing and book-distributing project on the face of the globe. In faith- ful keeping with its original commitment, by PETE MARTIN the Society limits itself to spreading the

Word. Article I of its 148-year-old Con- stitution says: "Our sole object shall be to encourage wider circulation of the Holy Scriptures without note or com- It's been going on for 148 years, and it may ." ment. . .

But if its work is not missionary work, the Society succeeds only through mistake 148 more before the Bible is to be obtain- sionary zeal in the best tradition, for the world's most ambitious publishing and book-distributing venture is a losing proposition, faced by obstacles that able by any human being anywhere.

would make any commercial publisher or bookseller shudder. The French Academy lists 2,796 languages and dialects in the world. The Bible Society, in 148 years, has translated all or part of the Bible into 1,202 of these. In many cases tribal languages are spoken languages only, until a dedicated person lives with the people, learns their language, invents a written

form of it, and teaches the written form

to the people. The Bible, or parts of it,

is then translated into the new-formed

written language, and printed in it. Fol- lowing on the heels of the translators come the booksellers—who are called colporteurs, or vendors, by the Bible So- ciety. They carry the new work by jeep, Land Rover, oxcart, horseback or by hand. These remarkable booksalesmen meet with the people in groups or indi- vidually, sitting in huts or buildings, standing in village centers or squatting in the sun or in the jungle shade. Object: to make the customers want the Bible

and buy it. God's Word is always sold,

An American Bible Society "salesman" explains a Bible in the Tamil language to never given away—though the price may a fellow resident of Southern India. Such salesmen are called "colporteurs." be one carrot, or a duck egg, or a peso.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 —

Some of the 1 ,202 languages in which the Society has published some or all of the Bible no longer exist. The Bible that was translated for use among the Massa-

chusetts Indians is no longer in print, the tribe no longer exists, and the language has been forgotten.

The entire Bible is now available in more than 228 languages. A complete New Testament can be had in 285 more, and at least one Book of the Gospel in another 689. The Society also distributes a 20-volume Braille edition of the Bible

for 25^, and it has recorded the Bible on both sides of 170 discs as a Talking Book for the blind. The American Bible Society's world- wide non-profit operation gets bigger and bigger and more and more costly each year as the world's population swells, but so far the money has always shown up.

The Society is less concerned with the statistics of money than with the statistics of its work showing how many Bibles and portions thereof have been distributed where. Nevertheless, gifts in 1963 from living donors were estimated at VA million dollars (up 5 per cent over 1962) and 2 million dollars more came in from previous legacies and trust funds invested over the past 147 years. The Society now spends some 5Vi million dollars a year "to encourage wider circulation of the Holy Scriptures." During 1962, eyeing their usually me- ticulous record-keeping, they announced the distribution of 1,310,702 new Bibles and 31,509,821 "portions thereof." The "portions" ranged from pamphlets con- taining several Bible Books to leaflets reprinting a single Book or passages selected from the Old or New Testament. The Reverend Eugene Nida, a Cali- fornia-educated Oklahoman, now in his 40's, decided in his youth that he would be a missionary. He discovered that he had a talent for languages. Today he is an accomplished linguistic scholar; a pleasant, soft-spoken, bright-eyed, world- travelled, articulate American citizen. He is also the American Bible Society's Executive Secretary for Translations. As

such, he is the nerve center for the global network of emissaries on every continent who are engaged in Bible translation among exotic peoples or savage tribes for the American Bible Society and 22 Bible Societies in other lands as well.

This winter I caught Dr. Nida between trips to the corners of the earth, and vis- ited the Society's Bible House on New York's Park Avenue, whose library contains a treasure trove for Biblical schol-

ars. It is the only library in the world that was built to house just one book the Bible. But there are 21,000 Biblical volumes on its shelves, in which 1,001 languages are represented, including Dr. Eugene Nida, Executive Secretary for Translations of the American Bible Society early documents from the Greek and

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 21 CONTINUED How They Translate The Bible Into 1,202 Languages

Hebrew. One of the first things Dr. Nida explained was that of course the Bible translations are not made from the English or any other modern language versions. They themselves are translations from ancient Greek and Hebrew texts, and when translations are made into new languages today the ancient sources are used. New discoveries of ancient texts crop up occasionally which bring our understanding of the Bible closer and closer to the original sources. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the last decade is an example.

Dr. Nida thinks that the most "adequate" Greek text is the Nestle text. Working with an international committee of Biblical scholars, the American Bible Society is now in the process of revising it in the A member of the Anuaks at Pokwa, Ethiopia, reads the Scrip- light of new discoveries. The job will be finished in 1966. The Society tures written in the Anuak language to a group of his friends. also relies on the Kittel Hebrew text which is accepted as a basic text by Jews and is held to be "most satisfactory." "Do scholars really make new discoveries that make a difference in the Bible?" I asked him. "Yes, indeed. In the Seventh Chapter of John, for instance, there is an expression, 'No prophet comes out of Galilee.' This has never made good sense, because in the Old Testament several prophets did come from Galilee. Scholars long suspected that in the fragmentary manuscript from which this comes, one little letter had been left out —an 'o.' It would have made the difference between 'No prophet comes from Galilee,' and 'The prophet (the Messiah) does not come from Galilee.' That, of course, is a whale of a difference. In a recently discovered manuscript from the 2nd century we have found this little letter, which might have been omitted when it was copied by a scribe or monk." "When you go into a new area to provide Bibles where none existed before, do the people already believe the Gospel? Does the Bible come second and belief first? What's the order?" I asked.

"There is no usual sequence," said Dr. Nida. "Sometimes they Korean children in a home for the blind reading Bibles that come together. What ordinarily happens is this: When a missionary have been published in the Korean version of Braille script. goes into the area he learns the language of the people, then he begins to communicate his faith to them, then he has to learn to write it. If the tribe has no written language he has to construct an alphabet. This may be difficult. As an example, take a man named Jim Barker. He went among the Guaica Indians in South America. The Guaica are a mean tribe. They have killed a good many outsiders. Jim is the first white man who ever had any extensive contact with them. He immediately got out his notebook and began to write down their words. They said to him, 'If you write down another word you are dead.' He knew they meant business. After that he had to learn their complicated language by memory, taking no notes. And he did it." "Did they say why they objected to his writing down the sounds they made?" I asked. "They thought he was stealing their words," Nida told me. "They had no written language at all and as I say it was very complicated. If you add all the prefixes and suffixes they use, every verb in their language has at least 50,000 different forms. They also had a very subtle way of talking. Every sentence had to be accompanied by one of three particles. One particle meant / saw it myself. Another particle A colporteur, Levy Keidel, of the Congo, runs this Bible Van meant / was told this on good authority. A third meant this is purely to the more remote villages to sell portions of the Scriptures. legendary. It's confusing but still can be learned—and written down. "What always impresses me about our work is the selflessness and willingness to assume hardships and dangers which our missionaries people with a strange tongue, and leaving them with show. Probably you have read about Betty Elliott. Harper's serialized a written Bible in their own language as the end re- some of her books when she lived among the savage Auca Indians, sult. He gave me the following outline of this fas- but she is only one of many missionaries with similar stamina. A cinating and little-known work carried on by people Bible worker can pick up many diseases in these isolated areas. While whose remarkable abilities are matched only by their we are holding one of our Institutes our workers may come down absolute dedication. with a combination of malaria and dysentery." If there's no written language and the Society

I asked Dr. Nida to give a word picture of the over-all operation produces a written Bible, it must first teach the peo- of the Society in the complicated business of going among a strange ple who will use it their own language so they can

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 Dr. Nida at a world globe in the library of New still more than 1,000 languages into which no part York's Bible House, with pins representing current of the Bible has yet been translated. Missionaries all Bible translation projects and studies. There are over the world cooperate in projects with scholars.

Shipibo, a Peruvian Indian language, is getting a Bible here Two natives help Presbyterian missionary Mrs. Paul Burgess with the help of translators Eliaz Sanches and Jim Lauriault. write a New Testament in the Quiche language of Guatemala.

read it. This can involve not only the tongue will be akin to Spanish or Portu- to Arabic. In Thailand to Thai. In For- Bible but developing a primer, then sup- guese usage. In such cases, the Society mosa to Chinese. It would be naive to plementary literature, and in the end a may publish the Scriptures with one page hope that anyone can teach the people complete educational program. in Spanish and the facing page in one in Formosa or the Sudan how to read When the Society's translators apply of the local tongues as a sort of printed using our Roman alphabet. an alphabet, they choose the alphabet Rosetta stone to help those whom they Sometimes for a very small tribe the

from that of the dominant language in hope will read it to learn more of their Society will publish only three or four the area. In Latin America a new Bible unwritten national language. In the Su- Books of the Bible. For larger tribes Society alphabet for an American Indian dan the Society adapts its new alphabets they will begin (Continued on page 40)

THE AM ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 23 WASHINGTON OPPOSING VIEWS ON TOBACCO CONTROL BY

IS STRICT FEDERAL CONTROL OVER YES

Rep. John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.) said that there is an ever-increasing link between 1st District smoking and cancer, pulmonary diseases, cardiovas- A few months ago a popular cular diseases, etc. controls the brand of cigarettes proudly pro- The Food and Drug Administration nicotine content of food sold to the public. It permits claimed that it had the "think- only a residue of two parts of nicotine to one million ing man's filter." Toward the parts of food. Yet, the nicotine content of the average end of its commercial, the smoker was asked, "Don't you cigarette is 12,000 parts in a million, or 6,000 times think everyone should smoke as much nicotine as the Food and Drug Administra- ?" and the answer tion permits in food. few years ago the Congress adopted the Delaney was, "I believe every man should think for himself." A Amendment to the Food and Drug Act which pro- This article is not intended to influence people to hibits the presence of any cancer producing sub- stop smoking cigarettes. It is intended to encourage stance in foodstuffs. The "cranberry flap" of a few every man to "think for himself" as to whether he years will be well remembered. Cranberries were should start, or continue the use of cigarettes. Each ago off spray in- person should make himself familiar with the health taken the market because a used as an secticide contained substances which would, in rela- facts concerning cigarette smoking, and then make his tively huge doses, produce cancer. There is con- own decision. This is the reason that, together with siderable doubt that this insecticide, in the quantities several colleagues in the House and in the Senate, I used, was as dangerous to the human body as are have introduced a bill making cigarettes subject to the of our tobacco products. labeling provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and many It is not intent prohibit the sale of cigarettes. Cosmetic Act. our to This as futile as the prohibition of the sale There are many people living today, and many more would be of alcoholic beverages. Neither is it our intent to who will be born, who will begin smoking cigarettes force people into a longer life, against their will. How- at a very early age and continue smoking them until ever, it is our intent to help persons who want to live their death at a ripe old age. Statistics tend to show, longer to so warning that scientific studies however, that on the average the death rate for regu- do by them now indicate a very direct correlation between ciga- lar smokers is 32% greater than for nonsmokers. rette smoking and many of the diseases, disorders, and Here are some facts: disabilities which attack the human body. 1. Medical researchers say that three-fourths of all people who contract lung cancer are heavy cigarette smokers. 2. U.S. Public Health Service has revealed a relationship between smoking during pregnancy and the occurrence of premature births. 3. The Surgeon General of the U.S. Air Force has

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 —

REP. JOHN J. RHODES, ARIZ., AND REP. HAROLD D. COOLEY, N. C.

CIGARETTE SMOKING NECESSARY? NO

Rep. Harold D. Cooley (D-N.C.) The tobacco industry accepts the challenge of 4th District "Smoking and Health." The answer is to accommo- date smoking with assurances of health. This means The answer is No. Emphati- research fundamental research. cally NO! — This skull bones, tag or label psychosis can The Surgeon General of the and only hamper the work that promises the answers. Public Health Service has is- Resolution in the Congress, sued the report "Smoking and I have introduced a promptly, calling Health."* and I expect this to be approved for crash, Government-backed research program to Now some people are propos- a determine what, if anything, in tobacco and in other ing that a skull and bones or ingredients materials that go into the manufac- some tag or label be placed or printed on each pack and ture of cigarettes might be related to health. The of cigarettes, to warn against smoking. Some other study of smoking and health is in its infancy. No- people are going so far as to suggest that the Govern- has yet identified anything in tobacco that might ment scuttle the tobacco program under which the body injurious health. Actually the whole business farm families who produce tobacco have been able be to gets questionable at times. to earn a decent income. This is an affront to the eminent doctor, writing in newspapers recently, intelligence of the American people. An pointed out that while most attention has been cen- Of course the health of our people is paramount. in relation to lung cancer, one study The "Smoking and Health" report has presented the tered on smoking disclosed that very bald-headed ever tobacco industry with a challenge. The response must has few men have lung cancer, and another inquiry has established be calm, responsible and deliberate. This is no time that in or are only half as for ill-conceived, hasty, emotional legislative reaction people born July August likely to have lung cancer as those born in March. or for government regulation and punitive action. The Government cannot outlaw smoking. These conclusions were arrived at statistically. need to clear up many things. Research will do Many millions of people will continue to smoke, irre- We it. That is the purpose of the crash research program spective of any repressive action. People will make I have proposed. will to it that those enjoy individual decisions. They abhor and will resent We see who smoking have maximum assurances of health. government coercion. Therefore, the real challenge is Meanwhile, the mature people of this Nation to give to the people maximum assurances of health while they enjoy smoking. people who are capable of making their own decisions will not stand for their Government spreading neu- No one is more aware of the comfort and companion- — rosis by dangling skulls bones. ship of a cigarette than a former Doughboy or GI who and waving and has been in a trench or foxhole. They know that liberated and deprived peoples asked for tobacco even as they begged for food. People in all walks of life, in all parts of the world, know and demand the enjoyment and privilege of smoking.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

I have read in The American Legion Magazine IN MY OPINION THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD SHOULD NOT

for April the arguments in PRO & CON: Is HAVE STRICT CONTROL OVER CIGARETTE SMOKING.

Strict Federal Control Over Cigarette Smoking SIGNED Necessary? ADDRESS

TOWN STATE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 25 By RICHARD H. RUSH When we try to answer the question, "What's the stock market going to do?" we must first answer the question, "Over what period of time?" It may at first seem to be an academic approach, but the A LONG periods can be broken down conveniently to:

( 1) Tomorrow; (2) The short cycle—during the next six months; (3) Over a long pull—say five years. Let's tackle them in order. 1 . Tomorrow. One of my relatives is the floor-trading LOOK partner for a brokerage firm. He spends all day on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange executing orders and watching the floor trading—the purchase and sale of stock for the floor trader's own account. He came up with the at the startling statement, startling to me at least, that some floor traders held their purchases over for only one day.

"You mean," I said, "that they attempt to make their profits in just one day's trading?" "To a considerable extent," he replied. I am not going to try to tell you how to trade on a day-to- STOCK day basis. I have tried trading myself, that is, purchasing and selling a stock over a short period. The commission and tax setup are not at all favorable to trading, and the cards are stacked against the trader who is not a member of the Ex- change and who therefore has to pay a commission on his MARKET purchase and again on his sale of the stock. On a $35 stock my "in-and-out" commissions on 100 shares amounted to $79.72. so that I could only keep $20.28 of a $100 "profit" What a study of the whole caused by a one point rise, before taxes. On lower priced stocks the commissions are fantastically high and I once sold enough of a $2 stock to provide the broker with income suffi- reveals cient to live on for a year. Yet I didn't get rich in the process stock market about or anything like it. Daily stock prices depend on: (1) news dealing with the particular company whose stock is traded; (2) news dealing short trends and a long rise. with the industry to which the company whose stock is traded belongs; (3) general news extending all the way from a rail strike threat to the ideological split between the Russians and

Chinese. The only trouble is that one cannot forecast easily the effect of any news on the price of a stock. If favorable 2. The Short Cycle. So we come to the second type of news has to do with a particular company it usually leaks out market movement—the short term cycle. This movement may via insiders with a resultant unexplainable rise in the price or may not have a relationship to the state of business in of the stock—unexplainable, that is, from the point of view general. It did not have much relationship in the slide of of the non-professional investor. Then when the news actually 1962. The important fact to recognize and remember is that appears in the papers the stock frequently drops in price. a major movement of the stock market once under way tends The ones who benefited by the advance information have to continue in that direction. This principle is all important. already taken their profit by selling before the price drop. To illustrate what we mean by this short cycle, let us point —

out its peaks and troughs over the past several years. All through 1955 the market rose. There was no mistaking the trend. In the latter part of 1956 it hit a

peak, and it stayed roughly at that peak until July 1957. There was no possibility of mistaking the rapid drop which then took place from July until the end of the year. By the summer of 1958 it was clear that the market was again in its rapid rise phase which lasted through 1959. It then declined through most of 1960 and surged upward again through 1961. It started a serious decline early in 1962, and the decline steepened through the fateful May. After the acute part of the Cuban crisis was apparently satisfac-

torily settled in October, it started up again in earnest and paused in the summer of 1963 before starting another upward trend. It is more than difficult to forecast this cyclical movement, and I rarely try. I cannot hit the valleys when I should buy, and I rarely hit the peaks when I should sell. In order to invest by this method and to invest on a cyclical basis it is necessary to miss the peaks and troughs. You have to buy part way up and sell part way down.

It is paradoxical, but only by missing the turn points can you profit by buying and selling on the basis of the short cycle, because only by missing can you see what's happening well enough to be sure of a sustained change in the direction of the market. To a considerable extent individual stocks can be forecast and invested in on a cyclical basis, but what is important

is their cycle, not the over-all market cycle. After the market turned down

early in 1962 I got out of stocks com-

pletely, and I held only bonds. My biggest bond holding was the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel Authority (Continued on page 50)

1 1962 1 1963 [1952 1 19531 1954 1 195511956 1 1957 1 1958 1 1959 1 1960 1 1961 y

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 27 tennis kind. It's the oddest truth." Baseball Starts Quite often the kids don't know and they know they don't know, but that doesn't keep their answers from being April the charming: "Before batters actually bat, they stand around and swing two bats at once Somethingth for the reason of search me." "Soccer means play like you have a ball and two teams, well so far that is A New Guide to American as far as I understand about soccer." "One thing I don't know about hockey Sports, Compiled by is quite a bit." In an essay entitled "Things That Are Grade School Students. Needed to Play Hockey," an obviously more knowledgeable young man re-

marked: "The puck is nothing more than By HAROLD DUNN Youngsters certainly have their own a hard round thing. As long as they play opinions—and few are hesitant to ex- hockey with it, though, they have to keep you know that Jai Alai is the Do press them. For example: calling it a puck." Spanish Commissioner of hand- "Bowling is a rich source of back- Here are two other zany comments ball? Or why soccer isn't soccer? Or what aches." about hockey: the next big breakthrough in baseball will "I am hoping for the day when we can "My favorite sport is hockey. I am be? I do. The information has come to have batting averages without arithmetic. looking forward to seeing a game of it me in test papers and essays during the This could be the next big breakthrough some day." eight years that I've taught in public in baseball." "The object of hockey is to get a puck schools. Some of the kids' comments "Have you ever wondered what use in a goal. It is a crazily purposed game." about sports are hilarious; all are ex- a wicket is in cricket playing? I will ex- One intense little fourth grader took pressed in that delightfully original style plain to you that so have I." a gratifying interest in baseball. In the of children. It's rather difficult for the students to five-page report that resulted, you might Here are some observations about discuss cricket without ever having at- know there would be a howler. football, fresh from the minds of three tended a match, but three boys gave it "Baseball is actually called 'National fourth graders: the old school try: Pasttime.' But I still hear a lot of people

"The rules for playing football are "Until it is decided whether cricket is forgetting and calling it baseball." easier to say than what they mean." bowling or baseball, we must continue to Kids have a knack for discarding ev-

'"Footballs are so odd-shaped, they are call it cricket." erything but what they consider to be the really not good for anything except foot- "When anyone says cricket, what he most essential information. After read- balls." is saying depends on whether he is saying ing a 172-page book on the history of 'On muddy fields, pigskins are used in it to an Englishman or an insect." sports, one tyke brusquely wrapped up place of footballs." "Go see a cricket game. Are the play- all of his information in this neat one-

Nobody could ever say as much in a ers kicking the ball? Then it is not a sentence package: "Most of our present few words as one brown-eyed moppet in cricket game." day sports were invented in the past." my class did a couple of years ago. After It's only a couple of mistakes from Two of my favorites from the juvenilia watching her first football game, she cricket to Rugby, where two earnest that I've collected through the years are summed it all up like this: "Football con- scholars seem to be giving it all they about soccer: sists mostly of players." have: "Soccer isn't actually that at all. It is From the pencil of an eight-year-old "I know almost everything about only called that because all the good comes this explanation of a game: "Ta- rugby except what it is." names for games had already been ble tennis is a spare name in case some- "Rugby is a minor sport. I believe it taken." body forgets how to say ping pong." is played only in England. If it is not "I think there are 1 1 players on a soc-

Centering his attention on golf, this even played in England, then it is that cer team if it is okay with you." same youngster came up with this one: much the more minor." When the youngsters come across a "Here is something of an else. In golf, On the subject of minor sports, one of sport with a name like "squash," it's the the lower the score the better. It is a their classmates came up with this defi- "irresistible force and immovable object" rather tricky backwards game." nition: "A minor sport is one that only all over again:

There is usually at least an element of children and other minors are allowed "Axually, squash is not as dangerous truth in the most absurd answer. Some- to play." as its name sounds." times the youngsters aren't wrong at all; More and more, I'm convinced that "Squash is a game when it isn't a vege- it's just the way they put it that's so the funniest comedians in the country table."

funny: are all in grade school. I get a dizzy feel- One of my students this year has had

"The baseball season starts next April ing every time I read one little girl's com- many tussles with his spelling book. the somethingth." ment about tennis: "When you have a When he finished writing a sentence re- "A good thing to remember about basketball the size of a baseball, then you cently, the battleground looked like this:

striking out is don't." can go play tennis." "Badmitton does not aggre with it'self "Umpires are one of the chief by- Later in the same report, she remarks: spelling and prouncingly." products of baseball." "A tennis player would be called a ten- Next time you have a question about

"One of the mainest rules of basket- niser if it didn't look so funny." tennisers, badmitton or any other sport usually always ball is you are usually always never al- Another grade school authority on this —just ask the kids. They lowed to dribble without bouncing the court game counsels: "Some rackets are never fail to come up with some of the ball." not the noisy kind of racket. They are the oddest truths. the end

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 . ,

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU APRIL 1964 VETS SERVICE-TIME JOB SENIORITY CONTACT BETWEEN DOWNED WARTIME CAN'T BE REMOVED BY ADDITIONAL AIRMEN AND THEIR EUROPEAN COMPANY RULES, SAYS HIGH COURT: RESCUERS IS AIM OF A NEW PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE PROJECT: The Supreme Court, in February, found in favor of four veterans on a tricky- Past Nat'l Cmdr of The American Legion question of j ob seniority interrupted by Lewis K. Gough (Calif.) has advised military service... A company rule re- "Newsletter" of the formation of "The Air quired a certain seniority for promotion, Force Rescue Association," whose purpose and also that a certain period of satis- is to establish contact between airmen factory work be completed. .. Four veterans who were downed in Europe in WW2 and had actually completed the period of Europeans who came to their assistance satisfactory work, but for the pure at that time. . .Organization is purely seniority part of the question they fraternal, says Gough, who is co-chairman relied on seniority accrued during their of the Veterans' Committee of the People- military absence, to which they were to-People Program... He said that the as- entitled under the Universal Military sociation is non-political, has no Training and Service Act... The company financial aims and will conduct its held that in this case the seniority activities according to the laws and de- could not include the period of military sires of the various nations involved... service, because a period of satisfactory "Purpose is (1) to locate American air- p erformance was also required... A U.S. men who were rescued, (2) to find

Circuit Court had upheld the company. . Europeans who came to their aid, and (3) The Supreme Court reversed the lower to establish between them a friendly flow court and ruled that the company would of correspondence, release a bulletin and have to separate the "satisfactory perhaps arrange for personal visits or service period" question from the "pure even group reunion. "... The contact direc- seniority" question, and grant the vet- tor is: Leslie A. G. At k inson, 1 Allee erans seniority for promotion that inde L' lie , Marante , Columbes ( Seine )

. cluded their time in service. . .Defendant France . . "Newsletter" welcomes such an was the Missouri Pacific Railroad, plain- organization. . .We have frequently been tiffs were four journeymen employees... asked by Europeans who rescued U.S. airmen The opinion was unanimous. to help them renew old contacts, did not feel it was a function we could assume. PENNSYLVANIA KOREA BONUS APPLICANTS MAY EXPECT VETS COMMITTEE OK'S EXTENDING DELAY: DON'T WRITE ABOUT IT: WW2 AND KOREA DISABILITY INSURANCE FROM AGE 60 TO AGE 65: Pennsylvania veterans who filed for their state Korea bonus just before the The House Committee on Veterans Af- cut-off date last Dec. 31 may suffer fairs has favorably reported out a bill varying amounts of delay in the process- (HR6920) that would permit holders of ing of claims... The large number of last- National Service Life Insurance who carry minute applications swamped the staff disability riders to carry the riders to handling the claims... The bureau handling age 65... A disability rider is an "extra" the claims asks applicants not to send it that holders of government veterans in- inquiries regarding delay in the next few surance can carry with their basic policy months, as this will only add to the (for an additional fee and by meeting mail load and increase the delay in initial requirements), to assure them of processing claims. . .However , the bureau an income in case of permanent total dis- does urge applicants who have changed ability . . .While the WW1 disability riders addresses since filing to send word of covered insured veterans for disability their new address promptly. occurring before age 65, the NSLI version

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 29 . . , ,

has only applied to disability occurring letter" was hesitant to publish such a before age 60... The new bill, if it request, until an official Legion Wash- clears the House and Senate and is signed ington representative reported that: "Our by the President, would put all veterans State Department liaison has advised us gov't insurance on a par with respect to that [the referendum attempt] is on the the age that an insurable disability up-and-up and no doubt will serve a good might commence ... The bill had been in- purpose if its mission is accomplished... troduced by Rep. Robert Secrest (Ohio) It is an attempt to achieve what is now at the request of The American Legion. . sadly lacking—a consensus among the Provided the disability meets the condi- Cuban exiles as to who or what group tions for payment of benefits before the should be their spokesman. "... Cubans in age-limit, benefits continue beyond it. exile are asked to write to: Committee Pro-Referendum, 1006 Chamber of Commerce

VA TO HALT DISTRIBUTION OF Bldg. M iami, Fla. , 53132. FREE CIGARETTES TO PATIENTS: SALVATION ARMY SEEKS The Veterans Administration has an- WARTIME RECOLLECTIONS: nounced that at a future date it will halt distribution of free ci garettes to Veterans* personal memories of the Sal- patients in all its 168 hospitals . . vation Army's wartime work are solicited Some of the hospitals had taken similar to provide additional material for a book action on their own earlier. . .Action was being prepared for the Centenary of the taken following release of the "Smoking Salvation Army in 1965. .. Brigadier Sallie and Health" report of the Advisory Com- Chesham, of Chicago, has been assigned mittee to the U.S. Surgeon General... to write the book, and seeks the personal VA said it would also embark on an educa- recollections of the Salvation Army in tional program for its patients and em- war of veterans of all three major wars ployees, regarding the reported health of this century. . .Write : Brigadier Sallie hazards of smoking... VA said it would Chesham, 1504 N. Linder Ave. , Chicago announce the effective date of the cut off 111. , 60651. l ater, recognizing that many service organizations may have procured substan- LEGION NAMES LIAISON COMMITTEE tial supplies of cigarettes for free TO AMERICAN MEDICAL ASS'N: distribution from the manufacturers... VA said it would continue to stock ciga- At the request of The American Medical rettes in its c anteens so as not to Association, Nat'l Commander Foley has intrude on the right of patients to named a three-man American Legion liaison purchase cigarettes if they wish. committee to the AMA...The committee: Immediate Past National Commander James

REFERENDUM OF CUBANS IN EXILE E. Powers, Macon, Ga. (chairman) ; Robert SOUGHT BY MIAMI COMMITTEE: M. McCurdy, Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis-

sion Chmn, Pasadena, Calif. ; and John J. In a most unusual request, U.S. publi- Corcoran (N.Y.), Director of Rehabilita- cations, including this magazine, have tion on the Legion's Washington staff... been asked to publish the fact that a The Nat'l Executive Committee authorized self census of all Cubans over the age of naming such a committee last October.

18 , now residing outside of Cuba, is sought informally by a Cuban refugee STOWE (VT.) LEGION HAILS committee in Miami, headed by Jose M. BILLY KIDD'S OLYMPIC FEAT: Boch and other leading Cubans in exile... Purpose of publication is to attempt to American Legion Post 64, Stowe, Ver- contact as many such Cubans as possible mont, cooked up a gala homecoming for and have them write to the special com- young Billy Kidd, Jr. , whose slalom mittee, identifying themselves. .. The silver medal in the winter Olympics was committee release says that it is "non- the first Olympic medal ever won by a political in nature, and will be neither male American in an Alpine skiing event a government-in-exile nor a provisional ...Billy's father, William Kidd, Sr., is government" of Cuba, but seeks to lay an active member of Post 64, notes John the groundwork for holding a "general C. Hale, Stowe realtor and Finance referendum of Cubans in exile ."... "News- Officer of the Post.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 —

NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS APRIL 1964

lery, said that twelve names had been How Legion Got Its Name considered: Comrades of the Great War. Veterans of the Great War. Recalled on 45th Birthday Liberty League. Army of the Great War. story here last month on the 45th man said that the Army and Navy did A Legion of the Great War. anniversary of the founding caucus not even have a current roster of men Great War Legion. of The American Legion in Paris in who had been honorably discharged and The Legion. March 1919, stirred up a lively interest might be speedily called back to volun- The American Legion. in The American Legion got its how tary service should we go to war. The American Comrades of the Great name. Last month it was simply noted whole purpose of American Legion, Inc., War. that the Legion" name "American was was to band together a corps of patriotic Society of the Great War. the fifth choice of a Committee in Name citizens who would enlist on a moment's The Great Legion. at the Paris meeting on March 17, 1919, call. American Comrades. but was the name selected by the dele- In Dec. 1916, when it was 22 months The committee offered five names for gates. old, four months before we declared war the caucus to choose from, and gave its Readers immediately asked for more, in April 1917, American Legion, Inc., committee vote on them: including: "Wasn't there an earlier ceased its activities and handed to the Legion of the Great War—5 first, 2 American Legion, and didn't we take its War Department a roster of more than second and 1 third place vote. name by some arrangement with it?" 24,000 potential volunteers who had en- Veterans of the Great War — five, and: "What were the other names pro- rolled in the private organization at Ad- four, zero. posed?" venture's request. Until then, said the The Legion—Three, zero, one. A letter from Robert Humphreys, of N. Y. Times, it had been a "reserve of Society of the Great War—zero, one, the Kentucky Highway Department in adventurers." With the absorption of its three. Frankfort, said in part that though he records by the War Dep't it passed out American Legion zero, one, three. (Humphreys) was a founder of the — of active existence, though the Times That was the first order of business, Legion in Kentucky he had been else- said that it had become "a semi-public but the report was laid on the table while where in France when the Paris Caucus institution." the caucus worked on organizing plans was held. But he had always understood American Legion, Inc., had on its for most of the day. that M. K. Gordon, a prominent attor- Council two former Presidents, one ney still practicing law in Madisonville, former Secretary of State, three former Gordon's Motion Ky., had made the motion in Paris that Secretaries of War and three former Sec- Late in the afternoon, almost as the the name "American Legion" be retaries of the Navy. last order of business, Secretary Eric adopted. Was this not true? Humphreys servicemen caucused in Fisher Wood's minutes note that: asked. When WW1 Paris in March, 1919, the name Ameri- There were several earlier American "Major Gordon, delegate of the 36th not considered anyone's Legions. But the delegates to the early can Legion was Division, moves that the name 'AMERI- property, though it was. March the Legion caucuses chose the name for this On 17, CAN LEGION' be adopted as tem- organization—not without some debate the last day of the Caucus, the 15-man porary name of the organization. Sec- Committee on Name reported. Major onded and carried by unanimous vote." —from among many names offered. And Madisonville, Ky. attorney M. K. Gor- H. S. Rumsey of the 1 30th Field Artil- (Continued on page 36) don did make the original motion that the name "American Legion" be chosen LEGION STATE DEP'T STUDY COMMITTEE in Paris. A fraternal organization called "The American Legion of Honor" was incorporated in 1879 in Massachusetts. It did

not reach its thirtieth birthday. The 97th Overseas Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in WW1 was informally called "The American Legion." In Feb. 1915 an "American Legion, Inc." was incorporated with offices on Bridge St. in N. Y. City. E. D. Cook, an American in Costa Rica, suggested its formation in a letter At the invitation of the Secretary of State, a special American Legion Committee to Arthur Sullivant Hoffman, then editor has been studying the U.S. State Department. Here the committee, as named by Nat'l of Adventure magazine. Cmdr Daniel F. Foley, goes over details with the aid of two staff members. The com- Europe was at war, and America mittee members: At left, Albert LaBiche, La.; John Davis, former Governor of N. Dak.; in might be, 1915. But there were few Emmett G. Lenihan, of Seattle (back to camera). At right, Eli Marcoux, N.H. (holding signs of American preparedness. Hoff- paper) and (in front of TV) Past National Commander Preston J. Moore, Okla. chairman.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 31 NEWS

members to jump from ninth to seventh, while a gain of 366 Legionnaires moved Post 435, Minneapolis, Minn., from seventh to fifth. Post 5, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, added 300 members and leaped from

1 2th to tenth. Thirty-five posts had a roster of 2,000 or more members each in 1963.

The 13th American Legion District in Ohio has given $2,250 to the Cleveland Baseball Federation to aid the sandlot leagues of greater Cleveland. The Legion raises money each year for this fund by selling tickets to a professional game at

Post 149, Haddon Heights, N. J., spent $9,500 to provide its community with this $1.50 and retaining $1 for the fund. new ambulance. Post also runs a community-wide blood donor program, and is forming Also, the district has an annual "day" at a first aid unit to work with the police, reports Service Officer Frank Newhard. a horse racing track to swell the fund. Some 26 posts help by outfitting young- BRIEFLY NOTED personnel of junior and senior high sters. Over 800 boys and girls attended The American Legion Nat'l Convention schools and other interested groups to a recent Legion banquet for the teenage Corp. of Texas, which will organize the assist in upgrading the educational level players. 46th Nat'l Convention in Dallas, Sept. of young people in the area. The South- 18-24, has opened offices in the Adol- ern Mountain Region is composed of Post 492, Jackson Center, Ohio, joined phus Hotel. Nat'l Convention Director parts of Maryland, West Virginia, Ken- with the Community Club in providing William H. Miller is in charge of admin- tucky, Virginia, Tennessee, North Caro- a television set for a local school in istrative planning. Una, Georgia, South Carolina, and order to provide greater latitude of in- Alabama. For information write to: The struction for pupils in elementary and The Sheraton-Dallas Hotel has been American Legion's Education and Schol- high school. selected as headquarters for The Ameri- arship Program, Americanism Div., can Legion's 46th Nat'l Convention in P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind., Post Napoleon, N.D., has given Dallas, Tex., Sept. 18-24. The Nat'l 46206. 72,

$ 1 ,000 toward construction of a town Commander and many of the Legion's ^ • IN ACTION swimming pool. The pool will cost $44,- top officials will be quartered at the POSTS "Pennies From Heaven" were in effect 000 and the city prepared to issue Sheraton-Dallas, as well as distinguished was showered on the Association for Re- amount, then discovered quests of the Legion, and candidates for bonds for that tarded Children recently by Post 957, it was limited to a $35,000 issue. The the office of Nat'l Commander. Brooklyn, N.Y. Post members contrib- post jumped in with the first donation in uted $1 300 in ennies in their annual the effort to raise the necessary $9,000. 'Alive," a 16mm sound and color film, ' P campaign. covering The American Legion's 45th " Nat'l Convention in Miami Beach, Fla., Post 406, St. Paul, Minn., has voted to Post l Denver Colo has retained its ' -< allocate for scholarships to en- last fall, is on loan for posts for a mail- > $1,090 ' tltle as the world s lar est American ing and handling fee of $2.50. Other § courage and help talented young people Legion post. It had, at the close of 1 963, col- new titles include: Tiger Wins His to obtain an education at accredited

7 ' 777 members. In second place was Post Stripes, baseball film of a rookie in train- leges of their choice. Nebr Wlth 6 626 and third 3 Lincoln < ing camp; Accidents Don't Just Happen, ' ' - < was Post 23 Milwaukee, Wise, with animation in color; The Game Nobody < Post 287, Cedar Springs, Mich., with 4,595. Saw, baseball coaching tips from Stan money garnered from a magazine sub- Post 37, Huntsville, Ala., gained 546 Musial, etc.; Camera Hunt—The Game scription drive, has purchased hospital of Alaska; and Tampa Tarpon Tourna- equipment which it will lend to anyone . „, rri i a American Legion Life Insurance ment. Write: The American Legion,T * within a 20-mile radius, free of charge, Month endj g Feb 2Q lg64 Motion Picture Section, P.O. Box 1055, for a three-month period. So far, in the Benefits paid Jan UVeb 20 ? 66335 Benefits paid since Apr. 1958 1,502,096 second year of the plan, the post has lent Indianapolis,r Ind. 46206. Many films on , . , .., Insurance in force (dollars) 221,001,000 , 140 pairs of crutches, 7 walkers, 69 various subjects are also available With- $i2-units in force (number) 96,702 OUt Charge, except for return postage, New applications since Jan. 1 4,763 wheelchairs, 85 beds and other equip- t> ' r r p ' New applications rejected 133 direct from the Bell Telephone Co. near- ment. American Legion Life Insurance is an official est your post program of The American Legion, adopted by 3 r ' the Nat'l Executive Committee, 1958. It is collected reducing term insurance, issued on application, Post 153, Cumberland, Md., subject to approval based on health and em- Fiverive thousandinousanu copiesconies oiof "NeediNeeu t\A Liu.T iff" more than 600 cans of food, recently, payment statement, to paid up members of the Legion handbook on educational and The American Legion. Death benefits range which it presented to the Salvation Army i • j- . from $8,000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- Citadel. career opportunities, are being distnb- ducin| steps with age to termination of in- Uted to young people in the Appalachian surance at end of year in which 70th birthday J o r r rr occurs. Available in single and double units at Mountain area. Co-operating With the flat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar Post 12, Herington, Kansas, recently of- 1 ;„ tu.c :„ tU„ /"^, „r year basis, pro-rated during first year at $1 in this project is the of fered a course of instruction for the Legion Council %r $2 a mo^th for insuran|e approved after Southern Mountains, Inc., Berea, Ky., Jan. 1. Underwritten by two commercial life youthful would-be bicycle riders of the . insur- .... . -ill insurance companies. American Legion whlCh IS also making available a new ance trust fund managed by trustee operating community. With the warm thanks of rnmnilntinn pntitlprl "Health Pnrpprc in under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may the local police chief, the post provided compilation entitled rieaitn careers in .. use the ful, words American Legion." Ad- American Legion Insurance three one-hour Saturday morning ses- the Appalachianrr South." These hand- ministered by The , • , , . Department, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680, , , c sions instruction and donated scotch- books are being forwarded to guidance to which write for more details. of 32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 NEWS light safety strips plates and metal for library, and the post's color guard raised Post 658, Latimer, Iowa, presented a the bikes, and illustrated manuals and it in dedication ceremonies. The flagpole flag that had flown over the United States pocket cards for the 178 riders who com- was the gift of Legionnaire R. Duane Capitol to the C.A.L. Community School. pleted the course. Anderson. Post 53, Grand Island, Nebr., In Sellersville, Pa., Post 255 gave a new gave a flag to the Brownie Scouts of the flag to the Pennridge H.S. marching Post 158, Manassas, Va., raised the final Cross-Counties Council and Camp Cos- band. Post 620, Bronx, N.Y., gave one $17,000 that Prince William County mopolitan. to Cub Scout Pack 227. Post 574, Hill- needed to meet its $200,000 goal for a crest, Minn., and Post 39, North St. 60-bed hospital. Lending fiscal a boost Ohio Legionnaires are seeing to it that Paul, Minn., teamed with VFW Post was a $200 gift from Post 364, Wood- Old Glory waves aloft—just about every- 8901 and VFW Post 1350 in presenting bridge. where. For instance: (1) Post 571, to Archbishop Murray H.S., Maple- Maria Stein, knew that the athletic field wood, three dozen flags and "The Flag Panama Canal Post of the United States" and Unit 1 , Balboa, at Marion High School lacked a flagpole, pamphlets for Canal Zone, have donated a Braille type- Post members secured a pole, turned out classroom use. writer to the Special Education Branch in force to erect it, and volunteered a of the Canal Zone schools, and an astro- color guard to raise the flag at all home Post 312, Indianapolis, Ind., recently nomical telescope to the Canal Zone Col- football games; (2) Post 11, Fairfield, presented new Braille American flags to lege. presented a $448, 50-foot steel flagpole the Indiana School For The Blind so and an 8x1 2-foot flag at the dedication that the pupils might "see" the flag to The $1,000 check that Statesboro, Ga., of Lancaster High School's new Fulton which they pledge allegiance. The flags Post 90 gave recently to the Georgia Field; (3) Post 157, Columbus, has have a blue field made of cotton on which Southern College Foundation, Inc., presented a flag to Harley Field, home are embroidered white stars. The white brings to $4,326.67 the total given by field of East High School; (4) Post 425, stripes are of flannel and the red stripes the post to the Foundation. The latest Cheviot, schedules 25 new flags for of smooth nylon so that the students see gift makes funds to the amount of $10,- sidewalk display on this Cincinnati sub- the flag through their sense of touch. 000 available to Georgia Southern Col- urb's main street, replacing 48-star ban- The flags hang smoothly against the wall. lege through the Nat'l Defense Student ners which have been flying since the Post 312 also sponsors the school's Loan Fund. post bought and contributed them in Blind Boy Scout Troop 16, one of the 1947; (5) Post 544, Cedarville, has not few such troops in the country sponsored Post 8, Winter Haven, Fla., has ex- only sold 21 street flags to business firms by American Legion posts. changed its present downtown building on the main street, but has contracted for a scenic, centrally located lakefront to put them up and take them down on Three Chicago posts have created an im- site, and plans a new post home of more all legal holidays; and (6) Post 118, pressive avenue of flags in Holy Sepul- than 10,000 square feet, costing around Amherst, gave Mayor Frank Janik a new cher Cemetery for display on Memorial $125,000. flag and pole shortly after he proclaimed Day, Flag Day, July Fourth, and Vet- "American Legion Week" at the start of erans Day. Posts 123, 714, and 1242 col- Post 229, Utica, N. Y., has cooperated the post's membership campaign. lect the flags which were used on caskets in setting up a $500 annual scholarship of deceased veterans and donated by to go to a member of Utica's Magnificent their families. When displayed, 26 flags When Post 16, Mansfield, Ohio, pre- Yankees Drum & Bugle Corps, fifth place —each on a 20-foot metal staff—line the sented a flag and conducted a flag raising winner in the Legion's national final approach to the cemetery grounds. ceremony at Carpenter Elementary competition during the annual conven- School recently, the sixth grade class tion at Miami Beach last fall. The schol- Chase Manhattan Bank Post 1 674, New elected to write "thank you" letters. The arship will be given jointly by the post York, presented a flag from its 421 mem- following was written by 1 1 -year-old and the Corps. First winner is Dominick bers to the bank, to be flown at the lat- Frank Stoehr: Robilotta, the Corps' drum major. ter's giant new building in lower Man- "I enjoyed and was truly proud of the hattan. Chase Manhattan is one of two flag raising ceremony you performed. Post 73, Sweetgrass, Mont. (Pop. 300), banks in the United States to have its The whole school would like to thank has just installed a street light in the own Legion post. you for the flag and the time you took town. That's the 15th light the post has out of your busy day to come to our given the community. Post 164, Pembroke, Ga., recently gave school. 71 flags to the Bryan County schools for "But the flag to me is more than elab- Post and Unit 28, Grants Pass, Ore., display in various classrooms. The flags orate ceremonies and uniformed guards. have installed two specially designed were made available to the post through It stands for a nation that has only one drinking fountains, one of varicolored the courtesy of Morris Pearlman, of Sa- rock at goal, peace throughout the world and Indian Mary Park, where it will vannah. In Virginia, Post 4, Covington, equality towards all men no matter what serve a playground, and one of brick at has presented a flag to each classroom color, religion, or race. When this is Whitehorse Park. in every school in Alleghany Co., while achieved, The United States will stand Post 39, Winchester, Ind., has distributed ABOUT FLAGS out, a nation proud of its beliefs and ever "Pledge of Allegiance" cards to all school Post 416, Southern striving for the peace on earth that Pacific Lines, Hous- God children in the community. ton, Texas, has donated 1 5 flags for the proclaimed. That is what our flag stands classrooms at Lutheran High School. for." PEOPLE IN THE NEWS When it was discovered that brackets Gabriel T. Olga, Massachusetts' Nat'l were needed to affix the flags to the walls, Two Ohio posts, 183 of Pemberville and Executive Committeeman, appointed Auxiliary Unit 416 pitched in and sup- 240 of Luckey, have provided a new flag- mobilization planning assistant for the plied them. Post 15, Dade City, Fla., pole and a new flag for Eastwood High Small Business Administration in Bos- presented a flag to the new $50,000 town School in Pemberville. ton. (Continued on page 34) THE AM ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 33 1

NEWS

People in The News (Continued) quite Post 504, Mesquite, Tex.; Mar- New York at Colgate University, Ham- gate Memorial Post 157, Margate, Fla.; ilton, June 21-27 Peter E. Pappas, Dep't Adjutant of Paddy Flint Post 5, Bad Toelz, Ger- North Carolina at U. of North Carolina, Massachusetts, appointed a trustee of many, Dep't of France; and Bryson- Chapel Hill, June 14-20 the Holyoke Soldiers Home & Hospital. Pittman Post 553, Commerce, Ga. North Dakota at North Dakota State University, Fargo, June 7-14 Eli A. Marcoux, of New Hampshire, vice Ohio at Ohio University, Athens, chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Foreign Boys' State Schedule June 11-20 Relations Commission, recently retired Here are the sites and dates for the Oklahoma at Central State from the Social Security Administration 1964 Boys' State: College, Ed- mond, 6 after 27 years service. Alabama at Troy State College, Troy, May 30-June May 3 1 -June 5 Oregon at Oregon State University, Cor- vallis, June 14-20 Gen. Curtis LeMay, of the Joint Chiefs Arizona at Arizona State College, Flag- 6-12 Panama, C. Z., (unscheduled at press of Staff, received the Frank M. Hawks staff, June time) memorial trophy given by Air Service Arkansas at Camp Joe T. Robinson, Pennsylvania at University Post 501, New York. President Lyndon North Little Rock, May 30-June 6 of Pennsyl- vania, University Park, June 22-30 B. Johnson sent a message of congratu- California at State Fair Grounds, Sac- 20-27 Rhode Island (unscheduled at press time) lations for the Air Force General to the ramento, June South Carolina at Citadel, Charles- Post on that occasion. Colorado at Colorado University, Boul- The der, June 13-20 ton, May 31 -June 7 DIED Connecticut at U. of Conn., Storrs, June South Dakota at Northern State Teach- 22-27 ers College, Aberdeen, May 31-June 6 Frank A. Mathews, Jr., of New Jersey, Tennessee at Castle Heights Military Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman Delaware at Delaware State College, Academy, Lebanon, (no date set) (1933-35), and former counsel of the Dover, June 14-19 District of Columbia at Texas at University of Texas, Austin, N. J. legislature's veterans commission. Georgetown University, June 14-20 June 4-1 Utah (unscheduled at press time) Carl W. Smith, of Ohio, Past Dep't Cmdr Florida at Florida State University, Tal- Vermont at Norwich University, North- (1948-49). lahassee, July 12-18 (tentative) Georgia at Georgia Military Academy, field, June 14-20 Virginia at William Mary College, Warren G. Moore, of Texas, Past Dep't College Park, June 7-13 & Idaho at Boise Junior College, Boise, Williamsburg, July 12-18 Cmdr ( 1 957-58). At the time of his death 7-14 Washington at Pacific Lutheran Univer- he was a member of the Legion's Ameri- June sity, Parkland, June 14-21 canism Council. Illinois at Illinois State Fairgrounds, Springfield, June 21-27 West Virginia at Jackson's Mill, Weston, June 7-13 John C. Vivian, Nat'l Executive Com- Indiana at Indiana University, Bloom- 6-13 Wisconsin at Ripon College, Ripon, June mitteeman in 1947-48, and governor of ington, June 13-20 Colorado in 1943-47. Iowa at Camp Dodge, Grimes, June 7-13 Kansas at Kansas University, Lawrence, Wyoming (unscheduled at press time) 31 6 Josephus Daniels, Jr., Past Dep't Cmdr May -June of North Carolina (1935-36), and former Kentucky at Eastern Kentucky State Publisher, Raleigh News and Observer. College, Richmond, June 7-13 COMRADES IN DISTRESS Louisiana at Louisiana State University, Readers who can help these comrades are Baton Rouge, August 16-24 Byron R. Christie, Garfield, N. J., who urged to do so. Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- established the Legion school safety es- Maine at University of Maine, Orono, can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. 14-19 say contest. June They are not accepted from other sources. Maryland at U.S. Naval Academy, An- Readers wanting Legion help with claims should contact their local service officers. NEW POSTS napolis, June 21-27 Service officers unable to locate needed The American Legion has recently Massachusetts at University of Massa- witnesses for claims development should refer Rehabilitation Commis- chartered the following new posts: chusetts, Amherst, June 19-26 the matter to the Nat'l sion through normal channels, for further Everett B. Olson Post 1101, Chicago, Michigan at Michigan State University, search before referral to this column. 111., Miller & Coleman Post 211, Acker- East Lansing, June 18-25 Camp Claiborne, La., 1944—Men who served man, Miss.; Landon-Shelton-Neely Post Minnesota at University of Minnesota, with Albert H. Davis in Hq Co., EUTC, at Camp Claiborne in 1944 may be able to pro- 212, Point, Miss.; St. Paul, 14-20 West Deer Creek Post June vide information to assist him in a claim. 1276, Deer Creek, 111.; John Dornbach Mississippi at Hinds Junior College, Write Marion A. Venturi, American Legion Dep't Service Officer, VA Center, Jackson, Post 513, Dallas, Tex.; and Piute Post Raymond, May 30-June 6 Miss. 314th Reg't, 79th Div. (WW2) Need to contact Circleville, Utah. Missouri at Missouri State Col- — 141, Central Captain Payton, who treated William A. Also, North Denver Post 52, North lege. Warrensburg, June 13-22 Feasel at 2nd Bn. Aid Station near Drusen- him, France, in Jan. 1945. Information Denver, Colo.; Carbondale Post 100, Montana at Western Montana College from Cap't Payton may assist in claim American Carbondale, Colo.; Glenmoor Post 711, of Education, Dillon, August 15-23 handled for Feasel by Missouri Legion. Contact: Ralph J. Henry, American Fremont, Calif.; Pablo Sierra Coronado Nebraska at University of Nebraska, Legion Dep't Service Officer, Room 106, 911 E. Linwood Blvd., Kansas City 9, Mo. Post 121, Maricao, Puerto Rico; Rafael Lincoln, June 13-19 POW Camp, Deming, N. Mex. 1945—Need to Rojas Lozano Post 122, Bayamon, Nevada at Nevada Indian Agency, Stew- contact former Lt. Seymour Geller, formerly of Neptune Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y., who was Puerto Rico; and Greater Fort Worth art, June 7-14 Co. Commander at this POW Camp and who may be able to provide information in sup- Post 5 1 Fort Worth, at 6, Tex. New Hampshire University of New port of a disability claim. Contact: Harold Other new American Legion posts Hampshire, Durham, June 21-27 Mills, 2408 9th St. S.W., Canton 10, Ohio. Fort Douglas, Utah, 1942—A veteran's claim not previously published include: Steele- New Jersey at Rutgers University, New may be assisted by anyone having knowledge poisoning at Fort Douglas, Dec. 14, Towne Post 722, Fontana, Calif., Brunswick, June 21-28 of food 1942—and particularly by Dr. John G. Steele Powley-Sarle Post 349. Freeland, Mich.; New Mexico at New Mexico Military In- of that camp. Contact: Reuben B. Garnett, American Legion Dep't Service Officer, 620 Choctaw, stitute, 6-13 Choctaw Post 66, Okla.; Mes- Roswell, June University St., Seattle 1, Wash. 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 NEWS

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Walter Watson and Fred G. Ziegelhofer (both made his library available to the ob- 1960) and Paul L. Geiger (1962), Post 880, The award of a life membership to a Legion- Eden, N. Y. servatory. The town of Yreka gave $350. naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Donald J. Anderson and Ewald V. Anderson know him best that he has served The Ameri- and Anthony A. Carlucci and Anthony Cocca Legionnaire Les Bagley donated a hill- can Legion well. (all 1961), Post 927, Green Island, N. Y. top site. He and local contractor A. Below are listed some of the previously un- Harry Frank (1963), Post 1241, New York, published life membership Post awards that N. Y. Young used their equipment to build a have been reported to the editors. They are Harry W. Mundy and John F. Schmidt and road to the top. (Bagley died before the arranged by States or Departments. L. F. Waillant and Christopher J. Wiley (all 1962) , Post 1404. Broad Channel, N. Y. project was completed.) Pacific Power & Anthony L. Visco (1963), Post 161, Antioch, Maurice Allen and Ed Davis and Oscar Tinger Calif. (all 1963), Post 305, Snow Camp, N. C. Light Co. loaned equipment to transport Glen II. Reichenbach (1961) and David T. Merle McLeod and Lawrence Neumann and the dome to the site. Sweet (1962) and Edward L. Newman (1963), Lawrence Place and Gilbert A. Plack (all 1963), Post 247, Arcadia, Calif. Post 243, Galion, Ohio. The observatory, dedicated to the Clarence J. McFarlin (1963), Post 260, Green- Robert Elder and Joseph Fisher and George view, Calif. James (all 1963), Post 247, Lowellville, Ohio. memory of Legionnaire Bagley, now has William J. Stoutimore and John V. Twomey Francisco Gonzalez and Walter R. Hunnicutt a scope with a ten-inch mirror and a and Vern Wilkins (all 1963), Post 105, Jules- (both 1963), Post 2, Cristobal, C. Z. burg, Colo. Dr. Joseph P. Maclay and Dr. L. H. Seaton seven-foot-long barrel. The scope, using Walter A. Turning (1963), Post 128, Niantic, and Frank C. Walker (all 1961), Post 46, Conn. Chambersburg, Pa. an interchangeable eyepiece permitting C. H. Grace (1963), Post 5, Rome, Ga. Dr. A. H. Wittmann (1960), Post 405, Phila- any type of viewing, brings in most of Leslie E. Bent (1963), Post 91, Wyoming, 111. delphia, Pa. Joseph H. Uczciwek and Maurice F. Van John A. Ackerson and George H. Marshall our sun's planets, and distinguishes Dycke and Sandy A. Williams and Cecil Wright (both 1964), Post 407, Blairsville, Pa. (all 1962), Post 348, Chicago, 111. Max Ocks and William MacMullen (both mountains and craters on the moon. The W. Glenn Suthers (1963), Post 407, Chicago, 1963) , Post 692, Philadelphia, Pa. dome rotates 360 degrees. 111. Michael Lalli (1963), Post 702, Philadelphia, James E. Levy (1963), Post 888, Northlake, Pa. Astronomy enthusiasts formed the 111. Ralph W. Northup, Sr. and Wendell H. Louis Feinberg (1958) and Michael J. Imundo Northup and Harold Peckham and Fred J. Siskiyou County Astronomical Society, (1963), Post 1037, Chicago, 111. Roberts (all 1963), Post 12, North Kingstown, which has full control of the observatory Earl L. Baker (1963), Post 33, Bedford, Ind. R. I. Fred M. King, Sr. (1963), Post 3, Ottumwa, and arranges lectures free to the public. Iowa. Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Milton A. Holm and Victor R. Johnson and tion only on an official form, which we provide. Radio and newspaper announcements William H. Johnson and Amwell E. Jones (all Reports received only from Commander, Ad- are made regarding viewing times and 1961), Post 219, Blue Rapids, Kans. jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded John L. G. Glynn and Kenneth W. Goepper the life membership celestial bodies expected to be visible. and William M. Heiligman and George A. They may get form by sending stamped, self- Several Hislev (all 1961), Post 27, Cambridge, Mass. addressed return envelope to: schools and colleges also use the William Andrew and Albert G. Beckmann and "L. M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 observatory. Theodore F. Behringer and Raymond E. Bernier 5th Ave., New York, N. Y." 10019. (all 1963), Post 28, Northampton, Mass. On a corner of the return envelope write the Albert Hamill and Catherine Luken and number of names you wish to report. No written Archie Maclssac (all 1963), Post 69, Maiden, letter necessary to get forms. Oratorical Contest Mass. Marcel Mekelburg (1962) and Edward Dobkin National Schedule and John F. Foley (both 1963), Post 270, Boston, A Community Telescope Mass. The American Legion's 1964 Nat'l James W. Hibbert (1962) and William Smith Post 122, in the Northern California (1963), Post 292, Harwich, Mass. mountain town of Yreka, has built its Oratorical Contest for high school stu- Dave H. Fleischer (1963), Post 245, St. Louis, Mo. own observatory and made practically dents will reach a climax in Tampa, Fla., William F. Cochran and Joseph H. Smith and everybody in It on April 16. Four finalists will compete August W. Teter and Melvin E. Wight (all town an astronomer. all 1963), Post 245, Bartley, Nebr. started when Legionnaire Charles Fiock, for $8,000 in scholarships. Each oration Francis L. Bergen and Harold DuMont and is the John W. Field and John W. Hardgrove (all who as a small boy had built a six-inch based on Constitution of the United 1963), Post 12, Somerville, N. J. telescope, looked for organization to States. Victor A. Space (1962), Post 145, Glen Rock, an N. J. sponsor his hobby—an observatory. He The winner of the final receives a J. Arthur Petty (1963), Post 160, Great Neck, N. Y. built a working model of a dome and $4,000 scholarship at a college or uni- George L. Bailey (1963), Post 221, Ithaca, versity of his choice in the United States. N. Y. showed it to the Legion and other civic Gilbert Eisenhart and Frank Ludy and Harold groups. Post members donated some Second, third, and fourth place winners Staples (all 1963), Post 442, Horseheads, N. Y. get scholarships Arthur N. Calmes, Sr. (1963), Post 576, Le 1,600 hours of labor to build the actual of $2,500, $1,000, and Roy, N. Y. observatory, using parts of old cars, juke $500, respectively. Other awards are Henry Teitler (1963), Post 678, Bronx, N. Y. Alphonse Arbogast and Joseph N. Morena boxes, and farm machinery. offered at post, district, and department and David SchwaT) (all 1962) and Detlif Klein levels of the competition. (1963), Post 797, Long Island City, N. Y. Yreka's Dr. Pindell gave time and Some 355,000 entrants will have participated at post, district, and department levels, guided by their high school speech or debating teachers. Last year's champion was Stephen Alan Oxman, of Short Hills, N.J. State winners will compete in 12 regional contests, all scheduled for April

6. The 12 regional winners will have it out in four sectional tussles on April 13. The four sectional winners will compete for the championship at Tampa on April 16. Here are the sites of the regional and sectional contests: Regional—April 6. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts, at Claremont, N.H. 2. Connecticut, New York, New Jer- sey and Rhode Island, at Ellington, Conn. Post 122's community telescope in Yreka, Calif. 3. France, Delaware, District of Co- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 35 — —

NEWS lumbia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, at OUTFIT REUNIONS 93rd Arm'd Field Art'y— (June) Alexander Shatz, 220-54 27th Ave., Bayside, N. Y. Chambersburg, Pa. Reunion will be held in month indicated. For 102nd Inf Div— (July) Abe Mitchell, 2 McKay particulars, write person whose address is Rd., Bethel, Conn. 4. Virginia, West Virginia, North given. 104th Ord (Medium Maint) Co— (July) Joseph Tisanich, Carolina and Tennessee, at Winston- Notices accepted on official form only. For 6728 Marsden St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19135 form send stamped, addressed return envelope Salem, N.C. 106th Cav (June) Ray McGee, Urbana Armory, to R. — O. Form, American Legion Magazine, Urbana, 111. 5. Alabama, Florida, Georgia and 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices 108th Inf, IVIach Gun Co (AEF)—(May) Earl South Carolina, at Gilbert, S.C. should be received at least four months before Spiller, 53 Wabash Ave., Kenmore 17, N. Y. scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary 110th Inf, Service Co— (July) William Home, 6. Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi to get form. P.O. Box 41, Scottdale, Pa. 119th Field Art'y—(May) Oscar and Texas, at Houston, Texas. Earliest submission favored when volume of Diehl, 1504 Massachusetts, Lansing 6, Mich. requests is too great to print all. 7. Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and 123rd Field Art'y, Bat D— (July) Dale G. Du- laney, West Point, 111. 62380 Michigan, at Louisville, Ky. ARMY 151st Inf Reg't, Co G— (July) Hubert S. Olis, 3783 Gill St., Hobart, Ind. 8. Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Okla- 2nd Arm'd Div (West Coast Grp)— (May) Al 163rd Inf, Co L (WW1)— (July) Ralph Johnson. Jordan, 239 N. Toland Ave., Covina, homa, at Ottawa, Kansas. West 411 S. Jackson, Denver, Colo. Calif. 190th Field Art'y Grp (WW2)— (July) Melvin 9. Minnesota, North Dakota, South 4th Arm'd Div— (Apr.) Rapp, 144-47 72nd Ed A. Sober, P.O. Box 361, Sunbury, Pa. 17801 Flushing 67, Rd., N. Y. 199th AAA Bn, Bat A— (July) Howard R. Dakota and Wisconsin, at Bismarck, 9th Gen'l Hosp (WW2)— (July) Miss Jane Martin, RR #1, Akron, Ind. Curtis, 1700 York Ave., York, N. Y. 10028 N.D. New 215th Coast Art'y AA Reg't— (July) Stanley J. 11th Eng (May) (WW1)— Joseph V. Boyle, 326 Sporer, R.F.D. #4, Mankato, Minn. 10. Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico York St., Jersey City, N. J. 07302 223rd Field Art'y, Bat A— (July) Dale G. Du- 12th Arm'd Div (July) Lawrence E. Mintz, and Wyoming, at Sheridan, Wyo. — laney, West Point, 111. 62380 20020 Snowden Ave., Detroit 35, Mich. 236th Combat Eng Bn— (July) Thomas L. Noll- 14th Eng— (May) Arthur W. Backus, 377 Nashua 1 1. Alaska, Idaho, Montana and Ore- ner, 4902 Ruskin Ave., Nashville 6, Tenn. Rd., Dracut, Mass. 01826 248th Coast Art'y— (Apr.) Prent Bement, 8605 S. gon, at Helena, Mont. 21st Eng, 2nd Bat, Co (June) Richard Lang- D— 42nd St., Tacoma 66, Wash. ford, Factoryville, Pa. 12. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah 313th Ammo Train, Co D (WW1)— (June) Mrs. 41st Inf Div— (July) Wally Sandberg, 2838 Mel- Clark Harris, Idana, Kans. bourne, Pomona, Calif. and Hawaii, at Tucson, Ariz. 356th AAA Sit Bn (Semi, WW2)— (July) Harold 45th Inf Div— (June) William T. Pigg, Jr., 2205 Bogarcl, 56.16 OaKlana Dr., Kalamazoo, mien. Sectional—April 13. Central Ave., City, Okla. 73105 N. Oklahoma 361st Eng Spec Serv Reg't— (Aug.) John A. 48th Evac Hosp (July) Edward Lanciano, 39 A. Region 1, 2 and 3 winners at Wild- — Zirafi, 92 Morris Ave., Girard, Ohio 44420 St. Paul's Brooklyn, Y. PL, N. 361st Inf Reg't (WW2) (July) Richard C. 53rd (Apr.) Iannaccone, — wood, N.J. Medical Bn— Anthony Oshlo, 2228 Ave. B, Council Bluffs, Iowa. 4510 Brown St., Union City, N. J. Coffey, at 422nd Inf, Medical Detach— (July ) Doug B. Region 4, 5 and 6 winners 63rd Inf (July) Charles S. Beaver, 604 Div— 41 Lowell Ave., West Orange, N. J. Albany, Ga. Second Ave., Tarentum, Pa. 439th Sig Bn, Heavy Construction (WW2) 64th Reg't, CAC, Bat (June) Robert G. D & E— (July) Bates Davis, Cokedale Ranch, Rt. 1, C. Region 7, 8 and 9 winners at In- St. Cleveland, McDonald, 3314 W. 100th S.W., Piano, Tex. Ohio 44111 dianapolis, Ind. 471st Ambulance Co— (Apr.) Henry A. Lenkie- 75th (July) Theodore F. Richards, Rt. 1, Div— wicz, 5341 SW. 1st St., Miami, Fla. 33134. D. Region 10, 11 and 12 winners at Box 20, Clyde, Ohio 43410 472nd Field Art'y Bn (WW2) (July) Julian 91st (June) Mrs. Otto Bruhn, P.O. — Gen Hosp— Panek, 3326 Demmler St., McKeesport, Pa. Las Vegas, Nev. Iowa. Box 104, Clinton, 512th Mp Bat— (June) Ralph Weis, 639 Fourth St., Aurora, 111. 608th & 658th Medical Clearing Co, Sep Bn— (July) Marlin F. Gehres, Box 102, Wren, Ohio NaiTie (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 31) 45899 How The Legion Got Its 648th Tank Destroyer Bn— (Aug.) Al Vaughan, 919 Garland St. S.W., Camden, Ark. 71701 "Major Gordon" was M. K. Gordon, Joseph Walsh, Pittsburgh, Pa., sani- 687th Field Art'y Bn, Bat B (WW2)— (July) Nels Block, Jr., Harlan, Iowa 51537 attorney, of 51 1 Arch St., Madison- tary engineer, said that the Paris Caucus then 713th Rwy Oper Bn— ( July) O. K. Reynolds, 931 Fifth St., Union Beach, N. J. ville, Ky. knew what it was doing when it adopted 729th Rwy Oper Bn— (Aug.) Albert H. Colello, Nothing that was done in Paris was "The American Legion." E. Lester 4251—4th Ave., Altoona, Pa. 733rd Rwy Oper Bn (Aug.) Walter Anisovich, Jones, a D. C. gov't employee, said that — final. 14-16 139th St., Whitestone 57, N. Y. 748th Eng Base Equip Co— (June) Giles W. On May 8, 1919, a stateside caucus the name would be "what we make it," Davis, Rt. 5, Box 81, Jasper, Ala. 35501 met in St. Louis, Mo. It appointed a large meanwhile "American Legion" was al- 813 Aviation Eng (WW2)— (Aug.) William Fitz- 2, Box 89B, Billings, Mont. ready well-known in the country. Others water, Rt. Committee on Name. Until that commit- Ambulance Co 332 (WW1)— (June) Oscar W. St., Akron 5, Ohio tee reported, the organization was re- agreed. Case, 1506 Huguelet Americal Div— (June) Thomas McQuade, c/o ferred to in the caucus only as "this Or- Amid cries for the question, the Chair- YD Club, 61 Exeter St., Boston 16, Mass. Ordnance (Aug.) Jim West, 25 former Dallas D. Americal — ganization." On Friday, May 9, 1919, man, Mayor Henry Lakeview Ave., Rensselaer, N. Y. Nebr., All Former Personnel— the Committee on Name brought in its Lindsley put the name "American Fort Robinson, (July) Ed Bieganski, Rt. 1, Box 23, Chadron, report. Legion" to a vote. Nebr. 69337 Persian Gulf Command — (June) Donald Roy W. Wood Arkansas state agri- "(Motion carried)", say the minutes. Farmer, 1728 Bedford Lane, Newport Beach, culture official, read a report recom- But the St. Louis delegates didn't con- Calif. mending that "the name of this Organi- sider, if they knew, that the old Ameri- NAVY zation shall be 'The American Legion of can Legion, Inc., still legally existed. 3rd Marine Div & Attached Units— (July) Reg. " Hameetman, 7549 S. Saginaw, Chicago, 111. World's War Veterans.' Recalling the event, Adventure editor 60649 Div, 3rd Tank Bn, Co (July) C. W. Wickersham, N. Y. attorney, Hoffman later noted: "In May, 1919, I 3rd Marine C— Roger Radabaugh, 209 Augusta Ave., Willmar, promptly moved to amend it simply to was one of the five incorporators [of Minn. 56201 7th Seabees— (July) David A. Rolla, R.D. #1, Legion, Inc.] gladly gave "American Legion." A lively debate American who Mt. Pleasant, Pa. 15666 Mutz, broke out. An unnamed Ohio delegate, written consent to transfer of the name 25th Special Seabees— (July) Mrs. Dale C. 302 E. Main Cross St., Edinburg, Ind. 46124 amid protests from the floor, said that to the present American Legion . . . the Cape May, N. J., Section Base & Wissahickon Bks (WW1)— (June) Art Jordan, 7370 Henry insufficient. "It old Legion has since been legally disin- "American Legion" was Ave., Philadelphia 28, Pa. doesn't mean an organization of soldiers. corporated." USS Intrepid— (June) Charles F. Brunke, 3 E. Beech St., Central Islip, N. Y. To the average civilian 'The American With that, the present American USS Santa Fe (CL 60)— (Aug.) Dr. G. C. Trimm, 127 W. 18th St., Lake Charles, La. Legion' might be an organization of Legion finally had its name, free and well—street cleaners . . . The ordinary clear. AIR civilian won't know what it means." In November 1919, the first Nat'l 75th Bomb Sqdn (M)— (June) Arlan Kane, 8402 Blondo, Omaha, Nebr. 68134 Captain S. L. Lowry, Jr., Tampa, Fla. Convention adopted a constitution whose 351st Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (June) Thomas J. Thorpe, 4020 SW. 32nd St., Hollywood, Fla. the floor to say: Article I, Section 1 said: "The name of insurance man, took 33023 "I say call it 'The American Legion.' this organization shall be The American 485th Bomb Grp, 828th Bomb Sqdn— (June) William H. Schoultz, P.O. Box 435, Newton We will soon show them what it means." Legion." Falls, Ohio

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • ; !IL 1964 — BOOKS i

practical camping equipment and easy cook- Creative Aging, by Edward L. Bortz, Wartime Recollections ing methods, plus tempting recipes. M.D. MACM ILLAN CO., $4.95. By keeping active and interested, by learn- ing how to live well and wisely, man can Friend of Tennis, by Roy Wilder, h. o. prolong his life span and secure a productive, ZIMMAN, INC., $4.50. meaningful old age for himself. A report of tennis in high places—Wim- bledon, Forest Hills, Australia, and an account of the author's successful struggle to Mission to Mankind, Edited by Frederick combat, largely through tennis, a crippling A. McGuire, CM. random house, $4.95. childhood accident. Gives answers to some Stories of the work of dedicated American tennis questions and offers an insight into missionaries who serve in all parts of the what the top players really are like. world.

In Their Honor, by William D. Feeny. The Trout Fisherman's Bedside Book, DUELL, SLOAN AND PEARCE, $4.95. by Arthur R. Macdougall, Jr. simon and Brief biographies and the final flights of SCHUSTER, $4.50. Artillery shelling Monte Cassino. those men for whom U.S. Air Force Bases Stories that capture the pleasure of trout are named. fishing and will delight anglers and non- RETURN TO CASSINO, by Harold L. anglers alike. Bond. Doubleday 8c Co., $3.95. A Pictorial History of American Crime, The author faced his baptism by fire as by Allen Churchill, holt, rinehart and Country, by Ellis a young lieutenant in the fight for Monte Tough Men, Tough WINSTON, inc., $6.95. Cassino, a major battleground on the long Lucia, prentice-hall, inc., $6.95. A look at the outstanding murders, crimes Legendary tales of the men who opened road to the liberation of Rome. He returned and swindles in the United States from 1849 and developed the Northwest and of their to the Italian countryside 18 years later—as through 1929, including some that are still present-day successors who are still strug- a successful college professor and author, a unsolved or in dispute. gling to tame this rugged country. husband and father of four daughters, and a tourist. Bond's book links the bloody struggle at Almanac of Naval Facts. U.S. naval in- Cassino to the present. His tale is one of stitute, $3.50. Global Seapower in 1964 recollections of a young soldier facing a new A digest of information covering every- and frightening experience, the threat of thing important in and about the U.S. Navy, imminent and painful death. He recalls his plus a calendar of Naval events from 1776 fear for his person, for his courage, for his to 1963. leadership of his men in the test of battle.

His is the story of the stuff of which Why Did They Name It. . . ? by Hannah heroes are made—ordinary mortals thrown Campbell, fleet pub. co., $3.95. into battle who hope that their best will The stories and individuals behind the prove sufficient for their honor. development and naming of products, years erased The have much from his mind services and corporations. that was sickening and horrifying. In its place remains a picture of what was best about his comrades-in-arms. The war is How To Fix Almost Everything, by Stan- ugly, as is its destruction and carnage, but ley Schuler. m. evans & co., $3.95. the fighting men are not. Brief descriptions and clues on how to repair possessions and those many items that The book concerns itself with the things break down around a home. that mattered to foot soldiers in the midst Navy carrier USS Enterprise. of an important military campaign—keeping dry and warm; getting some sleep and The Silken Angels, by Martin Caidin. NAVAL REVIEW, edited by Frank hot food; trying to avoid being hit, but if Uhlig, Jr., United States Naval Institute, J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., $4.95. hit, hoping it would be serious enough to The historical development of the para- $10. relieve them from combat, minor enough to chute and the experiences of balloonists and The United States Naval Institute, a inflict no lasting damage. Few wanted to be pilots who were among the first to try them private organization founded in 1873 to ad- heroes, but many would become heroes be- out. vance professional, literary and scientific cause of the sacrifices that events would call knowledge in the Navy, has published B upon them to make. volume 2 of "Naval Review," its annual sur- The Dollar Crisis, by N. S. Fatemi, T. Even of one of the best of his comrades, vey of world seapower. ". deS. Phalle and G. M. Keeffe. fairleigh Bond notes: . . men like him would have The current Review, which looks at 1964, DICKINSON UNIVERSITY PRESS, $8.95. to give and give and give, perhaps they includes essays by contributors from the A scholarly study of the U.S. dollar prob- would have to give so much that never again Navies of the United States, Britain and lem, with some suggestions about what would they be good for anything, even if France, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. might be done to help correct it. they did live through the war." Marines, the U.S. Senate and the education and publishing fields. Invasion Mississippi, by Earl The of Of particular interest among the subjects Vietnam Diary, by Richard Tregaskis. Lively, paperback, Jr. American opinion, discussed are: automation, the practicality HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON, $5.95. $1. of a NATO European Navy, Southeast Asia The war in Vietnam and the life of our The use of federal troops in Oxford, Miss., and what our policy has been and presently military personnel there are recorded by a and the arrest of Maj. Gen. Edwin Walker is there, the Soviet's submarine force, and veteran war correspondent in a diary kept during the 1962 integration crisis are con- what the future holds for the Navy en- from October 1962 to March 1963. sidered as to their effect on our liberty. listed man. By providing current or advance infor- The Outdoor Cook's Bible, by Joseph D. Have One on Me, by Georgie Starbuck mation on some problems that may well be Bates, Jr. doubleday & co., $1.95. Galbraith, j. b. lippincott., co., $3.95. tomorrow's headlines, the Review offers A handy guide for those planning to cook Lighthearted poems that touch on every- much to interest both civilian and profes- outdoors, including tips on lighting fires, day matters, thoughts and feelings. sional readers. gsh

THE AM :ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 37 )

HOW YOUR TV SHOWS ARE CHOSEN (Continued from page 13)

other reasons, one quarter of the Nielsen comedian told how one Carson after- cal acclaim but received the network's sampling fails to report its preferences noon show on ABC started off with low equivalent of Major Bowes' gong. Actu-

to headquarters during any rating pe- ratings and was on a week-to-week basis, ally, it is generally agreed that 1956 riods. Thus, a margin for error must be barely escaping cancellation. When rat- marked the end of quality network TV allowed and Nielsen statisticians have to ings improved, however, the show stayed shows. Since then ratings have grown in "weight" the results to compensate. on. Many performers feel that ratings importance. Also, leaving out an area such as the themselves reflect none of the shows' Newton H. Minow, former chairman Rocky Mountain time zone indicates quality, Carson stated. They complain of the Federal Communications Com- strongly that rating companies rely heav- that ratings are frequently made on less mission (which oversees all broadcast-

ily, simply because of economic consid- than one-tenth of 1 % of an audience (or ing) recently made this analogy: "If par- erations, on the TV preference of people less than one person in 1,000). On such ents, teachers and ministers conducted living in large metropolitan areas like their responsibilities by following the TV New York City. Are these tastes repre- ratings, children would have a steady diet sentative of all the country? It seems of ice cream, school holidays and no doubtful. New York City has 30% of Sunday school." all U. S. homes with two or more TV sets What's the TV industry's defense to and this alone might complicate ratings. these well-substantiated charges? It con- Nielsen officials admitted that substitut- tends that actual TV viewing perform-

ing another area for New York might ance is the best means available for find- alter the ratings somewhat. Actually, as ing out what the public wants. To sup- the head of American Research Bureau port this, the industry claims that many

said at the Washington hearings on rat- people are confused when it comes to ings, the industry has never even de- knowing what kind of shows they want scribed what a TV viewer is. to see. An NBC official points out that in one West Coast survey made by the Although the location of the 1,150 network, 94 out of 1,000 persons inter-

. Audimetered homes is supposedly a viewed complained that TV "lacks va- secret. Sparger and Richardson turned riety." But further analysis showed that

up 7 1 without much trouble. Any diligent the 94 actually watched fewer categories broadcaster could do the same, they said. of shows available than did the others in- In these 71 homes and in others, disturb- terviewed. In another week-long test in

ing facts on ratings were uncovered: ( Pittsburgh, 96% of those questioned 1 Two interviewers, using telephone calls agreed that there was something for ev- to establish viewing or listening prefer- eryone in educational TV, but only 6% ence, testified that they were not given watched the local educational TV station sufficient time by the company to make during the week. a required number of interviews, so they Besides confusion, untruthfulness of filled out the questionnaires themselves; viewers present a problem. It is no THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE may (2) Instances were found where the doubt true that many viewers will say number of actual interviews and viewer small samplings, they say, some shows that they like one kind of show, but will samples were far below the number are getting axed unjustly. actually choose a different type to watch. claimed by rating companies, particu- When NBC cancelled the afternoon Unfortunately, the Audimeter itself may larly those dealing with local ratings; "Merv Griffin Show" because of low rat- alter normal viewing habits. I know that

( 3 ) Some of the viewers allegedly sam- ings last year, viewers buried the network if Nielsen installed one of the metal mon- pled turned out to be nonexistent; (4) with 50,000 letters of protest. This had sters on my set, I would regard it as some Telephone ratings involved only those no effect on NBC executives. One NBC sort of foreign spy and react according-

in the phone book, eliminating those with executive explained: "Fifty thousand ly. If it changed my normal viewing pat-

unlisted telephones or no phone; and letters is less than two-tenths of a rating tern, as I think it would, the ratings (5) A woman, realizing that she repre- point." Another of last year's shows, "It's would suffer. A viewer might roar with sented 50,000 TV households, deliber- A Man's World," was well received by delight at "Beverly Hillbillies" each week ately turned off the Jack Paar "Tonight" the critics but lost a duel with the ratings. in private, but if he is being rated, he show because she disagreed with his Network officials admitted that the show may resist the temptation and flip the views on school segregation. was of high quality but when the ratings channel selector to a competing docu-

The big trouble with ratings is the life fell off, it was replaced by reruns of mentary on world affairs. and death role they play in TV program- motion pictures. Other shows which Also, in fairness to television research ming—putting a large fence around folded during last season included as a whole, the art of "sampling" has long what little creative effort there is in tele- "Saints and Sinners," "87th Precinct," been used successfully. A quality control vision today. Ratings have nothing to do "Naked City," "I'm Dickens, He's Fens- man in a food canning plant can taste with show content, only with how many ter," "The Rifleman," "The Jetsons," the contents of every 500th can and be people are supposed to be watching. "The Detectives," "Gallant Men," "Go- pretty certain that quality is being main- Johnny Carson, successor to Jack Paar ing My Way" and "Empire." tained. A huge sampling often confirms on the NBC "Tonight" show, told the The House Subcommittee certainly a small one. It would be possible to find House Subcommittee that he had lost produced enough evidence to show that out what TV shows people all over the two of his four television shows because many of these shows were more pop- country are really watching but the cost of ratings. "It is a little defeating to have ular with you than ratings indicated. of such a large sample would probably to project your career on a set of num- Earlier season casualties were similarly rival the national debt. As it is, the en- bers—whether you rate six or seven in heavy. Shows like "Playhouse 90" and tire radio-television industry spent less any given week," he said. The popular "The Man and the Challenge" got criti- than $5 million on ratings in 1962, and

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A IL 1964 — . .

most of this was solely for local ratings. if ever, cancelled by a single rating. It is order to spend more time with her chil- Unquestionably, some form of TV rat- a series of low or declining ratings that dren, she would not continue her tele- ing will always be with us to a degree. provokes axe-sharpening by the network, vision show beyond March 26th.) As Jack Gould, the television critic of they say. President James T. Aubrey, Jr., Audience shifting is one of the biggest the New York Times, says, "Advertisers of CBS Television, testified that when the problems faced by television networks. will insist on an idea of how many po- "Garry Moore Show" was first telecast, it With the average TV set turned on for tential customers they are reaching for fell far short of expectations. After the more than six hours each day, the audi- each dollar of expenditures, just as they evening show was nearly cancelled, a ence shifts from youngsters watching at want to know the circulation of a maga- new producer was named, basic changes the crack of dawn, to housewives in the zine. And not even the total removal of made, Carol Burnett joined the cast, and morning and afternoon, and then to hus- ratings would of itself change television's Garry and company went on to substan- bands and wives in the evening and dur- pursuit of the largest number of viewers; tial success until the current season. ing the late late show. The networks try much of TV, after all, is show business." A case where the critics, viewing to keep a line-up of shows which will The author would add, however, that public, and the ratings all turned thumbs discourage channel hopping or "tune- the advertiser in a newspaper or maga- down on a new show was the current outs." If in the network's view a show's zine buys only "space" for his ad and season's "Jerry Lewis Show" on ABC. rating is poor—justly or unjustly—it is has no control over the editorial content The two-hour Saturday evening pro- spoiling the line-up. The viewers will be of the publication. In television, he buys gram, patterned after the "Tonight" off the channel when the next show starts, not only time but the program itself show, was a disaster from the start but and probably stay off. via the ratings. Many advertisers, in fact, limped into December before being tor- "Voice of Firestone," which was on buy the "rating," not the "show." Be- pedoed by the network. Much better radio and television for 31 years, is an cause of this, if the ratings go up, so press notices have been received by excellent example of a show spoiling the does the cost of advertising. One major another of the 1963-64 season's most line-up. The NBC network felt that the advertiser told the House Subcommittee publicized entrants, "The Judy Garland majority of NBC viewers switched else- that the price of advertising on the "Dr. Show" on CBS. Nonetheless, the show's where during the Firestone time, and Kildare" show went up 73% in three initial ratings have been low and indus- therefore the "Voice of Firestone" ruined seasons. try scuttlebutt in December was that the the line-up. So Firestone's days were A. C. Nielsen feels that every time you program would not be renewed for the numbered. A switch to the ABC net- tune in a TV show, you cast a vote for new season next fall. Thus, one of Holly- work didn't help and the show went off. it. By the same token, someone on the wood's biggest names may be losing a This was a case where the network was business side of broadcasting is going to tiff with the celebrated Audimeter. (On unwilling to go along, even though the want to count the votes. Ratings devotees January 23, the press carried an an- sponsor was obviously not shooting for a also point out that TV shows are seldom, nouncement by Miss Garland that, in large concentration of viewers. A victim - For Action, Security, Big Pay -

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 39 HOW YOUR TV SHOWS ARE CHOSEN news personality, Walter Cronkite, stricted to about 460 stations sharing the nightly half news show (Continued from page 39) whose hour was 12 very high frequency (VHF) channels telecast there at the same time as NBC's on your set. But there are many more of ratings? There's no question of it. "Huntley-Brinkley Report" on a compet- channels available in the ultra high fre- Do all shows depend on ratings? No, ing station. American Research Bureau quency band (UHF). After June 30, but probably three-quarters of all net- ratings showed an average of 12,000 At- 1964, every TV set made must be work prime evening hour (7 p.m. to 10 lanta area homes watching Cronkite to equipped to receive both VHF and UHF p.m.) shows do. Many of those which 1 19,000 looking in on Huntley-Brinkley. channels. The Federal Communications don't are tucked away in Sunday morn- Cronkite lovers had to lose Cronkite Commission wants telecasting to shift ing and afternoon periods when pro- willy-nilly — because of other people's gradually to the UHF band where there gramming (except for professional tastes. Reruns of "The Rifleman" now is much more room. This should be sports) is aimed at the so-called intellec- vie with "Huntley-Brinkley" for viewers accomplished within ten years. With free tual fringe. Shows such as "Look Up And in that time period. competition, TV stations in the 1970's Live," "Lamp Unto My Feet," "Camera An unanswered question is: Are the should differ much more widely in pro- Three," "Face the Nation," "Meet the people who will let an Audimeter in their gramming than they do at present. This Press," "GE College Bowl" or "NBC homes a cross-section? Many an inde- alone would greatly diminish the impor- Opera Theatre" presentations are fairly pendent American thinks his home is his tance of ratings. immune to Nielsen's probing eyes. In castle, and would consider it an intrusion, In a nutshell, we have been led to evening prime time, only shows such as or spying, to have such a gimmick in the believe that broadcast ratings are ultra- "Hallmark Hall of Fame," "Du Pont house. There are no Audimeters in such accurate, when in reality they are a very Show of the Week," "NBC White Paper" homes—though frankly we don't know thin and sketchy measurement. Broad- and "CBS Reports" escape dependence what percentage of the population is that cast audience sampling is still in diapers. on ratings for survival. way any more. Until it puts on long pants, don't worry Locally, however, ratings may even The answer to the ratings muddle, as about your TV eyesight. Those who rely affect news programs. An Atlanta, Ga., in so many other things, may lie in free on ratings may be the ones who need

TV station recently dropped CBS' top competition. Telecasting is presently re- glasses. THE END

HOW THEY TRANSLATE THE BIBLE INTO 1,202 LANGUAGES (Continued from page 23) out of the New Testament, then come stead of God taking it out on us, we sphere has many of them, especially to portions of the Old Testament, espe- know that God has reconciled the world among the Africans. The Yorubas for cially such Books as Genesis, Exodus, to Himself in Christ. Through Calvary example have set down more than 40,000 Psalms, Proverbs, and Isaiah. The four we know that God forgave us and God proverbs of their own. As a result, for Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and spat upon the ground before us to show them the Bible is wonderfully rich. West John, are always distributed as separate that our sins would never come before Africans employ proverbs like "A dry Books. Next comes the entire New Testa- His presence again. This is the Gospel." leaf never laughs when his neighbor ment. It is issued as a whole, and after Such expressions have relatives and it falls." This is something like our phrase the New Testament the Old Testament. is always possible to talk about forgive- "No man is an island." And instead of It goes without saying that the So- ness or about the grace of God or His saying someone has "Locked the stable ciety's translators have had more than love in every language. In some lan- door after the horse is stolen," they say, one struggle with the varying meanings guages to say "God loves us," it is neces- "A man has built a bridge over the stream of words and phrases. One of the prob- sary to say, "God hid us away in His after the Prince fell into the water." Or, lems has been how to deal with a Biblical heart." In other languages the same "A man who hunts elephants never sleeps concept which is difficult to translate. thought is expressed, as "My heart goes cold." This means that when a hunter Forgiveness is a concept which exists in away with God." goes after elephants his game breaks all languages. In Shilluk, if a missionary I asked Dr. Nida whether he ever down so much timber that a lot of fire- or a lay preacher wants to talk about the omitted parts of the Bible because they wood is available. In short, it is like say- forgiveness of sin, the only way he can are completely meaningless to many peo- ing, "If you go after something big, you do it is to say, "God spit on the ground ples, as a great deal of Genesis might be. will always find supplementary benefits." in front of us." At first one missionary "No," he said. "The truth is that most Instead of saying "I am afraid," the Su- refused to talk about God that way. But parts of the Bible are usually very mean- danese say, "I shiver in my liver." To in the end he decided it was the only way ingful. People almost everywhere are in- them, "Mind your own business" is "Sit he could mention forgiveness in Shilluk, terested in the story of creation and in in your own shade." Instead of "He is a so he gave in. The Shillukian phrase for stories of early Biblical heroes. More of pain in the neck" Marshall Islanders say, forgiveness derives from an ancient cus- the first part of Genesis is sold in Thai- "He is a fishbone in my throat." tom. When two men were brought into land than any other part of the Scrip- Dr. Nida told me that he came across court, the case was judged then and ture. Genesis is a very popular Book another proverb just recently in East there, fines were paid, punishment was everywhere. Exodus is universally popu- Africa while working with a translator meted, no one was ever thrown in jail. lar. However, when a translation gets of the Masai language. The translator,

When it was all over the two men in- into the customs of the Jewish people whose name is John Mpaayei, is amaz- volved spat upon the ground before each and begins to enumerate such things as ingly brilliant. He is the first member of other to show that everything had been their dietary laws in detail, it doesn't sell his tribe to earn an A.B. degree at Ox- forgiven between them. Once such a case very well. Leviticus is hard to move at ford. He was explaining how the Masai was ended, the same accusation could any price." describe Jesus Christ as "a pioneer of never be made in court again. The whole The Book of Proverbs is a favorite our faith" by calling Him "the thorn thing is very much the same as two An- Book except in the Western hemisphere. treader," in other words, one who treads glo-Saxons shaking hands. The American Indians lacked proverbs thorns flat before you walk along a path. For this reason, a Shilluk pastor tells of their own. Neither in North nor South In spite of the richness of the Bible, his people, "God had a case against us, America did they develop proverbs as many of its words are in forms of ab- for we had sinned against Him, but in- a literary form. But the Eastern hemi- stractions which do not exist in primi-

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APR IL 1964 tive languages. Some tribal languages re- I asked Dr. Nida if the Bible Society strict their vocabularies largely to things favored one part of the Bible over an- that one can see or touch or smell or other. He said that the Bible Society does hear, or with actions that one can carry not deliberately specialize in the New out or see other people carry out. A lan- Testament as opposed to the Old Testa- guage may have no noun equal to "bap- ment, but almost always, among mis- tism" but it may have a verb for "to be sionaries, the demand for the New Testa- baptized," which is an action instead of ment comes first. Usually, the first Book a concept. they ask for is the Book of Mark, be-

"In the first part of Mark," said Dr. cause it is written in a simple narrative Nida, "it says, 'He preached the baptism style. It starts out with baptism, tempta- of repentance under the remission of tion, miracles and teaching. Matthew is Now you may get the money Pay As Little As you need . . . Borrow sins.' Baptism, repentance, remission and more difficult. It begins with a long gen- FAST! $100 to $1 ,000 with a Money- $5.90 a Month sins are all abstract nouns, standing for ealogy, yet people of the Moslem world By-Mail "Secret Loan" from

Dial. Absolute privacy . . . Cash You 24 Monthly nothing solid that you can lay your hands find it very valuable because Abraham everything is between you Get Payments and Dial. No delay of any lOO $ 5.90 on. We have to take the original expres- appears in the first verse. Luke is more $ kind. No co-signers needed. 300 17.71 sion from Mark as we find it in Greek complicated because it contains so many You use your own signature. SOO 28.54 Here's your chance to pay Cash You 30 Monthly and break it down into a series of actions, references to the Old Testament, and up old bills and have cash Payments left over out of every pay- Get so that it out something like this: comes people who are unfamiliar with the Old check. (Special: Credit life $ 800 $36.89 'He preached to the people that they Testament don't always understand insurance available, at nomi- 1,000 44.89 nal cost). Whatever you need should repent and be baptized so that them. The Book of John begins in such money for . . . get it FAST . . . and in privacy . . . by Mail from Dial. Send coupon TODAY for informa- God would forgive the evil that they had a philosophical way that it is difficult tion concerning a Dial "Secret Loan". done.' to translate into simple, understandable DIA! FINANCE CO., 401 Kittredge Bldg. Dept. 4-092 - Denver, Colorado 80202 "In our work this is called 'back-trans- terms. For this reason the people of India r DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept. 4-092 formation.' We take the Greek or He- like John, because they themselves are 401 Kittredge Bldg., Denver, Colorado 80202 brew text, and—still in Greek or Hebrew of a philosophical turn of mind. The Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. NO AGENT WILL CALL —break the expressions throughout the Bible Society's translators often translate Name Bible down into the simplest structure the Book of Acts, because it tells how Address that is adaptable to a new language. In the Church began, and they translate translation we then rebuild these con- John, because he gives a picture of the City State.. cepts into whatever elaborations and Life of Christ from a different viewpoint. A mount you want to borrow $ | J styles are most appropriate to the new When I asked why the Society always language. As a complete technique this sells the Bible and never gives it away I is called 'generative grammar.' It has was told that sometimes giving the Word been developed primarily by Professor of God away provokes the suspicion that

Noam Chomsky at M.I.T. and it is a very the giver is dishing out propaganda. The important development in linguistics. A Society thinks of the word "sale" as op- MAKE FULL USE OF skilled translator doesn't necessarily do posed to the word "give" as having pri- EVERY ROOM it all in writing —he may go directly from mary importance. Before a Bible col- Increase efficiency, the original in Greek to the translation, porteur makes a sale he must persuade and provide versatility with making the back-transformation mental- his prospective purchaser that the Bible . . . Mitchell Choose from many Fold-O-Leg Tables top materials ly as he goes along. is worth the investment. Therefore, he . . . rectangular, and colors. square and round. "Another problem is that with the na- must testify to its value himself. Once Flat or edge loading Write For Brochure tional languages we face at least three the new owner has paid for it he does trucks for all sizes. Department B different levels of translation. have not think lightly of it because he has We MITCHELL MANUFACTURING CO. the masses of the middle class. Then we made an investment in it. The Book has Milwaukee 46, Wisconsin have the educated and sophisticated who become his. This is the sole reason for want a more elegant style. And we have the Bible Society's "sale" method of dis- EARN beaTAX CONSULTANT the people of limited education for whom tribution. Our students earn lucrative fees in 3 MORE month busy tax season preparing income we want a very simple form of lan- tax returns in spare time—and operate profitable Business Tax Service yielding steady guage." Reverend Eric North, a consult- The monthly fees of $10-$50 per client, year round. Enjoy professional standing in dignified full or part "Is this true of English, too?" I asked. ant to the Society, put it to me this time home-office business. No experience necessary. We train you at home and help you start. Write "Yes," Dr. Nida said. "For example, way, today for free literature. No agent will call. Licensed by N. Y. Education Dept. we have the Revised Standard Version "The most important process the So- National Tax Training School, Monsey L-17, N. Y. which reaches a middle class and those ciety carries on does not go on in Bible familiar with Biblical terminology. Then House in New York. It occurs wherever there is the New English Bible and the a man without the Scriptures meets one translations by Phillips which are aimed of our men with the Scriptures. That at sophisticated groups. And we are now could happen in a Siamese or Japanese producing a New Testament in simple village, in the sierras of the Andes, in You Can Now Be FREE English, in what might be called the 'Eng- the back streets of an American city, in From Truss Slavery lish Vulgate' of today." the jungles of the Amazon or the Congo. Surely you want to THROW AWAY TRUSSES "When will it be ready?" I asked. Anywhere. When that occurs the main FOREVER, be rid of Rupture Worries. Then Why put up with wearing a griping, chafing business of the Society is done. But first "Within about a year. This is princi- and unsanitary truss? For there is now a mod- pally for people whose primary language of all, the man without the Gospel must ern Non-Surgical treatment that is designed to correct rupture. These Non-Surgical treatments is not English, such as our Spanish- learn to want it before he gets it. are so dependable that a Lifetime Certificate of Assurance is given. "It is to speaking population, and for any people easy hand out a Testament Write today for our New FREE BOOK that of limited educational background, as free—much too easy. Such distribution gives facts that may save you painful, expensive surgery. Tells HOW and Explains WHY NON- well. In it we use simplified expressions does not create a 'want-it' attitude." SURGICAL Methods of Treating Rupture are so successful today. Write today—Dept. H1131. rather than complicated ones." Dr. Nida said to me, "When we EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC, Excelsior Springs, Mo. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 41 HOW THEY TRANSLATE THE BIBLE Then this past year we had one near Ma- actual process of distribution is the result last one had was of a jointly agreed upon and precoordU (Continued from page 41) nila at Taytay. The we in Libamba, Cameroun. This spring we nated effort. Any one Institute may be brought our Bible in the Totonac lan- are scheduled to have one in Peru on participated in by representatives of guage to the people they were so im- the Ucayali, a tributary to the Amazon. many Bible Societies. pressed on receiving a New Testament The next one after that is next summer in their own langauge that they said, re- in New Guinea about 40 miles from Lae, Dr. Nida told me that he, as well as joicing, 'now we have a language and a and we have one scheduled for the Bang- the American Bible Society, was Book, so we are a people.' I think this kok area in Southeast Asia in the spring looking forward to working more closely is thrilling. That's why I enjoy my work of 1965. That summer we'll be in the with the Roman Catholic Church. In the tremendously. After all, the things that Congo. We have several others for which past the Catholic Church has not encour- really count are the profound changes the dates have not been set. We also have aged translations of the Scriptures to any that can take place in people's lives, the specialists in various parts of the world. great extent. Traditionally, since the power of the Spirit of God to bring We have a man responsible for Mexico Catholic Council of Trent, there has been Eternal Life. If we can help make that in Central America. Another helps us in very strong opposition to the translations possible then life is truly transformed in- South America. We have a man for West of the Scriptures into the popular lan- to something even more wonderful. Africa, another in Southeast Asia, as guages, although that opposition has dif- "In West Africa when a man first read well as one in the Philippines. We also fered according to the area involved. the Scriptures in his own language he have a team of three of us here in New Roman Catholics have prepared transla- told me proudly, 'Why that's us right York who travel all over the world to tions in about 70 different languages for there.' He had recognized himself. An- help people with their technical prob- the Roman Catholic Church's missionary other man's reaction was, 'I never knew lems." field, but this is relatively small when it before that God was black.' Reading "I think that you are one of the three." is compared with the hundreds done by about God in one's own language gives "Yes," Dr. Nida said. "I've worked in Protestants. people a sense of identification with the about 60 countries of the world." Recently, however, the Roman Gospel story that is unobtainable in any "Is there going to be any end to it Church has liberalized many of its tra- other way." ever?" I wanted to know. ditional attitudes. Strong support has organize a major "How do you job of "No," he said. "If anything, the job is arisen, out of the two sessions of the re- translation?" I asked him. increasing all the time. I travel about cent Ecumenical Council, for the Mass "We may hold what we call an Insti- seven or eight months each year. In Feb- and even portions of the Bible to be tute. We will have from 75 to 100 trans- ruary I will be in Nairobi, Cairo and printed and read in the vernacular in lators, who are nationals or local people probably in the Congo. There are about which it is used instead of Latin. Actu- missionaries. Usually half and about and 1 ,000 languages in the world that we ally, the Bible Society has already had half. We go into the heart of the area haven't even begun to reduce to writing." requests from Roman Catholic authori- and may hold classes five to six hours a The American Bible Society can best ties for cooperation in the field of trans- day, followed by another couple of hours be described as an arm serving more lation into at least 15 different major of workshop. We give our workers Bib- than 50 Protestant denominations. languages. There will be even more of lical backgrounds and theory of com- Twenty-two national Bible Societies in this sort of thing in the future. Dr. Nida munication." other countries cooperate in making believes there is no reason why he and "How many Institutes do you set up God's Word legible and understandable, those associated with him will not be able at one time?" I asked. although the American Society's budget to work satisfactorily with Roman schol- "Only one at a time. We had one in is larger than all the rest combined. The ars.

Bobo-Dioulasso, West Africa, recently. work of translation and much of the There is certainly enough work for all hands. Dr. Nida has a file of more than 35,000 slips of paper. On them are listed translations of words and expressions in 200 languages. This material will be going into a dictionary of New Testament vocabulary 2,000 pages in length. It will describe every word in the New Testa- ment in terms of what that word (or phrase) meant in Hebrew or Greek.

Once this is done it will provide a guide, in one volume, to tell translators how to put those words into other languages.

It is the eloquence and the immense vocabulary of the Bible that has made it such an enormous problem to translators. The Bible, says Dr. Nida, contains the widest possible variety of literary ingredients: "Poetry, history, fascinating stories, genealogy, proverbs. You name

it, and it's in your Bible. "One thing we have going for us," Dr. Nida concluded, "is this. We are dealing with a document that has already been translated into more languages and more different cultures than any other document in the history of the world." THE END

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 —

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I 100 Chicago Ave., Chicago 10, 111. • Daily expenditure: Statisticians figure an adult will spend about $7.25 per W. day at the Fair; kids, about $5.50. That includes meals and paid entertainment. LEARN Parking costs $1.50 per day at the Fair site. • Hotels: A double room with twin beds at a good commercial hotel will MEAT CUTTING Train quickly in 8 short weeks at run about $20 per day. Motels, depending on location, are somewhat less Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big: pay. say about $5 below the hotel rate. Incidentally, 380 hotels and motels have full-time jobs—HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN! Pay after signed agreements not to hike prices during the Fair season, and accommoda- graduation. Diploma given. Job help, j Thousands of successful graduates. Our 4 1 st year! Send now for big. new tions at honest prices should be ample for all visitors. You can get a list of illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G. I. Approved. hotels and motels (with rates and locations) by writing the New York World's Fair Housing Bureau, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N. Y. 10020. POEMS WANTED To Be Set To Music Tobacconists the No. 1 mistake cigarette try say smokers make when they Send one or more of your best poems pipes and cigars is that they puff too furiously. Result: Unpleasantness for today for FREE EXAMINATION Any Subject. Immediate Consideration. the smoker—and everybody in the vicinity. Here are some basic tips for Phonograph Records Made beginners: CROWN MUSIC CO., 49 W.32 St., Studio 946, New York 1 CIGARS: Make the average cigar last about a half-hour; light up evenly; keep about a half-inch of ash at the tip (this will make smoking cooler) ; fresh DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; cigars taste better than dry ones; don't chew the cigar. IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS Type P Pump has 1,001 uses. Stainless PIPES: Don't overcharge your pipe with tobacco; draw slowly; a in. shaft. Won't rust or clog! Use 1/6 HP ^ or larger . . . motor 3/4 HP for up to 2,400 GPH; 450 GPH 80' high; or 1.800 GPH cake in your pipe is plenty. Also: Tobaccos labeled "mild" or "fine cut"—as from 25' well. 1" inlet; 3/4" outlet. Coupling included free $8.9 5 well as tobaccos that are very moist—often nip a beginner's tongue because Heavy Duty Ball-Bearing Pump. Up to 5,200 GPH; 1 1/4 " inlet; 1" outlet, £12.95 Postpaid if cash with order. Money Back he puffs them too fast. Try a "medium" type until you learn proper control. Guarantee. Also other sizes, types.

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Pleasure boats and motors this year again are bigger, sturdier, and costlier. Note that Evinrude and Johnson now are in the 90 h.p. outboard class, while ^ ^HELP WANTED-SPARE TIME Mercury again is offering a 100 h.p. job (around $1,225). SENSATIONAL NEW LONGER-BURNING All of which means that more and more boats are being purchased on the LIGHT BULB. Amazing Free Replacement Guarantee— never again buy light bulbs. No installment plan. If intend to this you'll find you buy way, that the terms and competition. Multi-million dollar market rates are about the same as for cars—4%% to 4 3A% (with interest deductible yours alone. Make small fortune even spare time. Incredibly quick sales. Free sales kit. in advance). Usually the lender also will give you this advice: MERLITE (Bulb Div.), 114 E. 32nd, Dept. C-IU, New York 16, N.Y. • Be sure your craft is insured against loss, liability. damage, and In Canada: Mopa Co.,Ltd.,371 Do#dSL,Montreal1,P.Q. • Familiarize yourself with the laws governing boats. By Edgar A. Grunwald

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 43 .

AN EARLY VIEW OF THE 1964 KENTUCKY DERBY (Continued from page 19) set a track record for 5 furlongs. Here Miami's Hialeah Park. Greentree Sta- fast. None of the top-rated horses were was a strong possibility for a Derby ble's Delerium won. High Finance was in the race, and, as we have seen, Roman favorite. But, alas! Raise a Native will second and Roman Brother third. He Brother turned back Bupers and other never race again. He suffered an injury spotted Delerium five pounds and High rated colts in The Bahamas at Hialeah in mid-season 1963. With an all-winning Finance eight. Delerium was rated 36th on February 5. Bupers was the 12th rated

record behind him, he has been perma- best 1963 two-year-old by the Jockey horse on the Jockey Club list.

nently retired to stud. Club, High Finance was 1 15th. Chieftain, owned by Powhatan Sta- Hurry to Market, a bay colt, won a But Roman Brother came back on bles in Virginia, was rated 5th in the hefty $203,529 as a two-year-old. He February 5 to win the more important Jockey Club standings, behind Golden was in the money in all six of his starts, The Bahamas race at Hialeah, at 7 fur- Ruler. His total 1963 winnings of $164,- including the important Garden State longs, in which High Finance placed 8th 868 included the first place purse in the Stakes in New Jersey, where he survived and Delerium broke down and didn't fin- first division of the $50,000, 7-furlong a foul claim to take the purse. Two of ish. In this race Roman Brother, who Cowdin Stakes at Aqueduct last Septem- his wins, including the Garden State was knocked around in the running, also ber 30. He is a brown colt, a son of Bold Stakes, were on sloppy tracks. His 1963 beat three well placed horses in the Ruler who, in 1957, won the Preakness, record was three firsts, one second and Jockey Club ratings: Mr. Brick (9th was third in the Belmont and fourth in two thirds. Bought for $15,500 (by Mrs. rating), Journalist (21st) and Bupers the Kentucky Derby. Chieftain waited until February 10 be- T. P. Hull, Jr., and R. Wilson, of New ( 1 2th ) . If the weeks just before the Ken- Orleans) in a yearling sale, trained by tucky Derby don't eliminate Roman fore racing in 1964 (not having started Dave Erb, who, as a jockey, rode Nee- Brother from the race, or propel another since September 30), then had a runaway dles to victory in the 1956 Kentucky compelling favorite to the fore, he will in a 6-furlong sprint at Hialeah, which Derby. Hurry to Market was listed as rate good backing. was especially encouraging because the best 1963 two-year-old in the Morn- But if expert opinion means anything, Northern Dancer, who rated just below ing Telegraph's year-end poll, and was Roman Brother is not off and running him (6th) on the Jockey Club standings rated second behind Raise a Native on as the early Derby favorite. The writers and who was considered a strong con- the Jockey Club's list. With Raise a Na- and handicappers polled by the Morning tender, did no better than third. Between tive out of the picture, that easily pro- Telegraph didn't go along with the them, in second, was Mom's Request, moted Hurrv to Market to top contender Jockey Club in rating this horse third unmentioned in the Jockey Club's 131- for the early favorite spot in the Derby. best behind the two injured kingpins of horse compendium. Northern Dancer, a But. alas! In January. Hurry to Market the 1963 two-year-olds. Canadian horse from Toronto's Wind- suffered an injury estimated to keep him They put Golden Ruler in that spot, a field Farms, is a grandson of Native out of racing for at least six months, and chestnut colt sired by England's King of Dancer. He won the one mile Remsen

he was definitely withdrawn from the the Tudors, and owned by Miss Mary A. Stakes at Aqueduct last November 1 1 Derby. Fisher of Kentucky. He may do better than his showing in With the two top horses (on the basis Golden Ruler started his two-year-old the February sprint suggests, as he made

of their records up to January 1 and the races last year in a rush. He won his first a poor start that day. opinions of the experts) out of the four starts, including the very rich Ar- Traffic, a chestnut colt owned by Reg- Derby, the search for an early Derby fa- lington-Washington Futurity in Illinois inald N. Webster, won $127,089 in 1963, vorite went up for grabs. —$1 12.500 added. The Jockey Club put including the $72,394 Hopeful at Sara- Harbor View Farm, owner of the un- Golden Ruler fourth in its ratings, be- toga in August. He was 10th in the fortunate Raise a Native, also owns one hind Roman Brother. Golden Ruler's Jockey Club's year-end standings. He of the likely heirs to Derby favoritism in rating was hurt by a poor showing in did a lot of running to earn the money, Roman Brother, a bay gelding. the Breeders' Futurity, at Keeneland, making 15 starts, finishing in the money With good reason, the Jockey Club Ky., a race won by Duel, who was rated 12 times—half of them third and three placed Roman Brother third among the 8th by the Jockey Club. each in first and second spot. Traffic was back in 9th on the muddy track of the 1 3 1 current three-year-old colts, fillies Quite a few colts won more than Garden State Stakes in November. His and geldings that it rated at the end of $ 1 00,000 as two-year-olds last year. 1963. He won a total of $228,333 last Nearly all of them were helped toward early record is spotty, particularly at longer distances. year, including the $ 1 52, 1 00 Champagne such earnings by winning one true class Stakes (one mile) at Aqueduct on Oc- race with a fairly big purse. You can't Dunfee is the final colt which won over $100,000 as a two-year-old. Total tober 1 2. As a two-year-old he was never really discount any of them who keep beaten by any horse that may run in the their health and whose owners put them earned: $121,842. The bay colt, owned Derby. He won four out of four races, in the Kentucky Derby. by Mrs. D. C. Rigney, was rated 11th then twice took second, in six starts. Both Bupers, owned by Mrs. Marion by the Jockey Club. He did poorly in second places were behind Hurry to Frankel of New York, won $149,489, mud but well on fast tracks. Dunfee won Market in the Garden State Allowance including the 6Vz -furlong Futurity at the second division of the Cowdin Stakes and the Garden State Stakes, both on Aqueduct in September, with its $90,974 at Aqueduct, his most important win. sloppy tracks. For reasons of their own, purse. Navy men looking for a hunch He was third in the Arlington-Washing- the pollsters of the Morning Telegraph might ride with Bupers if he starts in the ton Futurity in Illinois, won the Prairie

did not rate Roman Brother third as the Derby, recognizing that his name is the Stakes at Arlington and Joliet Stakes at Jockey Club did. Since the Telegraph familiar Navy shorthand for the Bureau Washington Park. poll only rated three horses, Roman of Naval Personnel. This dark bay colt One of the strong, consistent pluggers Brother received mention but did not was the first of the lot to win a good among the three-year-olds is Mr. Brick, finish among the top three, though he got stakes race as a three-year-old after Jan- a colt owned by Roy Sturgis. Rated 9th list, Brick, 14 votes for second place. After Novem- uary 1 . The fans favored Delerium in the on the Jockey Club Mr. as a ber 9, Roman Brother did not run again Hibiscus Stakes at Hialeah on January two-year-old, played the spoiler to some until January 29, when he had a bad day 18, and Bupers paid a nice $18.40 for of the hopefuls and consistently ran in at 7 furlongs in an allowance race at $2 by winning, but the time wasn't very the money behind the headliners. One

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A ML 1964 — — . .

reason Big Pete, who started his career The record could be better if it weren't SIROIL GUARANTEES with five straight wins at Delaware Park that sometimes, as this year, the # 1 and elsewhere, is rated as low as 1 4th on horse doesn't run in the Derby. The top PSORIASI the Jockey Club list is that Mr. Brick two this year, as we have noted, were out RELIEF ran away from him in taking the Sapling early through injury. By a promotion OR YOUR MONEY BACK Stakes at Monmouth Park, N. J., last process, Roman Brother moved from Siroil works . . . we guarantee it or money back. Siroil stops the itching, removes August 3. In 12 starts up to this Feb- third to first, as far as the Derby is con- embarrassing scales and crusts, and it's ruary 19, Mr. Brick finished first or sec- cerned, when Raise a Native and then easy to use. Millions of bottles of Siroil have been sold. Get Siroil today at all drug stores. ond ten times, also ran twice. Last sum- Hurry to Market were withdrawn. It > * mer he took second four times straight _ _ ga_ should be noted, however, that the Ex- ~j ' Laboratories Inc. Dept. M. 33, Santa Monica, Calif. horses, including a close Siroil to top-ranked perimental actually assigned the same > | Please send me your new Free booklet on PSORIASIS.

second when Raise a Native set a track handicap to Roman Brother, Golden I I NAME Please Print record in the Great American Stakes at | Ruler and Chieftain (124 lbs.), and sim- I ADDRESS

Aqueduct. In winter racing in Florida, ply listed Roman Brother's name ahead I CITY -STATE Mr. Brick won his first race and actually of the other two, out of alphabetical or- finished second on February 5 behind der. Brother, in The Bahamas. But as Roman Three times in the past the #2 horse MARTINS FLAGS the one started the "knocking who on the Jockey Club list won the Derby DISPLAYS FOR around" in that race, Mr. Brick was dis- —Tomy Lee, Venetian Way, and Carry ORGANIZATIONS- TOWN S-SCHOOLS-FAIRS qualified. He won $88,813 as a two-year- Back, in 1959, 1960, and 1961 Prompt shipment. Ask for our old. Twice the # 3 horse took the Derby colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 64-A fillies? filly to win MARTIN'S FLAG CO FORT DODGE. IOWA How about The only Johnstown in 1939 and Needles in 1956. the Kentucky Derby was Regret in — Thirteen times in 28 years the Derby 1915. Briardale Farm's Tosmah led the winner was in the top ten on the Jockey 1963 two-year-old fillies in the Jockey Club list. That makes it just under a 50- Club estimates, but the handicapper LOW 50 chance—based on past experience listed 22 colts ahead of her. She won the DOWN mmw mil i ii that one of the first ten on the list will PAYMENT I Monuments—Markers—Direct to Frizette Stakes ($81,700) at a mile at win a Derby. • you. Satisfaction or money back— Aqueduct last October 5, en route to a Lowest Prices—Freight paid. Free Catalog. In 20 out of 28 years the Derby win- MONUMENT CO., Dept. 600, JOLIET, ILL. 1963 take of $131,188. ROCKDALE ner was rated 28th or better by the Castle Forbes, a bay filly owned by Jockey Club, which gives you odds, in Wheatley Stables, won considerably REAL ISTATE favor, of 2-5 this your that year's Derby PAYS BIG! Be Boss in a Pleasant Career in all Your Own more than Tosmah—$237,690 as Graduates report substantial incomes. Men and winner is to be found in the top 28. Far- Women of all ages prepare easily and quickly FREE a two-year-old. Chief reason she isn't regardless of previous experience. Course covers BOOK) list this ther on we the top 28 of year. sales, loans, law, appraising & related subjects. TELLS rated is that ahead of Tosmah twice last Diploma Awarded. Study at homeor inmajor cities. HOW On the other side of the coin, although Send NOW for Big FREE Book. No obligation. year they faced the moment of truth on Accredited Member National Home Study Council. VA Approved. the Experimental Free Handicap usually WEAVER SCHOOL OF REAL ESTATE lEst. 1936 > the same track at one mile, and Tosmah 3521 A Broadway Kansas City. Mo. -64111 rates well over 100 horses, four former won both times. Derby winners weren't named at all in HAVE HEARD The last winter race that YOU we could about the new Rem- the ratings. These were: Gallahadion in bring to account in this early reckoning brandt stainless double edge blades? Try them 1940; Hoop, Jr., in 1945; Ponder in was The Everglades, at Hialeah, on Feb- and if you don't agree they're 1949; and Tim Tarn in 1958. In the re- smoother shaving and longer last- ruary 19. Roman Brother, Mr. Brick, ing than even high priced brands, maining four years to be accounted for, ;'ll promptly return your money in full. Bupers and Journalist of the higher rated Send $1.00 for 15 blades postpaid. the actual Derby winners were far down horses ran in it. Roman Brother squeezed A & B Associates, Dept. A list. in 15405 Myrtle Avenue, Harvey, III. 60426 out Mr. Brick by a head in the final the They were Lawrin 1938 (rated 69th); in (rated 56th); strides of a lVs-mile test. Journalist was Swaps 1955 and the last Derby winners Decidedly third, Bupers was well back in the also- two — FISHING SET OFFER rans. On the same day Calumet Farm's in 1962 (rated 52nd) and Chateaugay in Ky. Pioneer won a three-year-old test at 1963 (rated 31st). TO LEGIONNAIRES 1 Vs miles in good time. Ky. Pioneer got Here we give you the top 28 horses on no consideration as a two-year-old, but the present list: SEE INSIDE OF it could be ominous to the others that Raise a Native Timbeau Calumet twice won the Derby with colts Hurry to Market Quadrangle FRONT COVER unmentioned in the ratings of more than Roman Brother Ishkoodah You May Order From This 100 of their fellow two-year-olds Golden Ruler Black Mountain Ponder and Tarn. Tim Chieftain Wil Rad Coupon Or Coupon In Ad We've made a great deal of the Jockey Northern Dancer Count Bud Club ratings here. The Jockey Club's Amastar Journalist MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! chief handicapper, at the end of each Duel Nearco Blue • N 1RESK DISCOUNT SALES, Chicago 11, III., Dept. FM-C year since 1936, has issued what it calls Mr. Brick Tosmah (filly)

The Experimental Free Handicap. The Traffic Orbiter j ORDER TODAY! We're so sure that you will be pleased I that we make this daring offer. If you're not 100% Experimental isn't a horserace, it's an Dunfee Castle Forbes (filly) pleased we'll refund your full purchase price promptly. opinion rating of new three-year-olds, is- Bupers Susan's Gent J I YOU KEEP 2 FREE TACKLE BOXES REGARDLESS! sued to the public. Malicious Hill Rise Please rush .411 pes. 3 Complete Fishing Sets How have the rated horses done in Big Pete Irvkup NAME past Kentucky Derbies? In 20 out of 28 years the Jockey Club Four times since 1936, the #1 horse had the name of the winner hidden in I ADDRESS I on the Experimental list won the Derby: that much of the list, based on what it « CITY ZONE ... STATE

Whirlaway in 1941; Count Fleet in 1943; knew by January 1. take it You from I I enclose $12.95 plus $1.00 for postage & handling.

Citation in 1948; Middleground in 1950. there. the end O Ship C.O.D. I will pay C.O.D. charges and postage. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 45 )

may have been one that many hunters over- look—the carrying of an unprotected fire- arm from the cold outdoors into a hot room ROD 6^ GUN after the day's hunt. The cold metal lowers CLUB to the dewpoint the temperature of the humid room air contacting it and this dew

(moisture) condenses on it, inside and out. The gun stands in the corner overnight and Thermometer Fishing meanwhile rust gets its start. Firearms manufacturers recommend that you either leave

the gun outside or zip it into a tight case

before bringing it indoors. tight plastic fisherman who can take the tem- the shallows in the morning and evening to A bag will protect it, also. A perature of a stream, or of the wa- feed, and those that will rise from the ter at different levels in a lake or pond, thermocline to smash a surface lure. and who knows how to relate his readings An angler can estimate the depth of the DUCK DECOY ANCHORS made of lead are expensive, but Jerry Dehuke of Na- to the habits of the fish he's after can ( 1 thermocline. Its position varies between poleon, Ohio, makes anchors that cost only improve his catch or (2) find out if he may 35 and 75 feet in deep lakes. In lakes shal- a few cents each. fills small be wasting his time fishing. lower than 35 feet the angler must search He paper cups with cement and buries a long screw-eye in Biologists have determined that every for it with his thermometer to determine if each with just the eye showing. game-fish species prefers water of a specific it exists at all. Wind can temporarily push temperature. For freshwater species these it deeper; with no wind it rises nearer to for preferences are known almost exactly. Ideal the surface. With a special minimum- WATERPROOFING COMPOUND boots that is inexpensive but works under water for brook trout is 58°; for rainbow thermometer, which records only the lowest the most severe weather conditions is of- trout— 61°: for brown trout—65°; lake temperature, he can locate it exactly by fered by Paul Reilly of Lakewood, N. J. trout and landlocked salmon—45°; large- taking readings at every five feet. Or he can He says to melt together equal quantities mouth black bass—72°; smallmouth black use an ordinary thermometer and a of paraffin, petroleum jelly (Vaseline) and bass—68°. Local conditions such as food, weighted bottle; the bottle is corked and neat's-foot oil. The mixture is easy to rub aeration, spawning, etc., can vary these lowered on a line, the cork is pulled from into the leather, helps to restore the natural 4 oils and keeps the leather soft.

A KEY SAVER can save you a lot of time and trouble should you accidentally drop your keys while outdoors, and Ken Stoelt- ing of Sac City, Iowa, knows how to make IAKE SURFACE a simple one. He takes a cork fishing bob- Too Warm (Slight Temp. Variation) ber, sprays it with fluorescent red paint and attaches it to his key ring. The bobber 35 and 75 feet floats in water, is easy to spot in the woods, Too Cold, and glares in a flashlight beam at night. Insufficient Oxygen (Slight Temp. Variation) ORDINARY BOAT ANCHORS are noisy and frighten fish, and if not raised and low- LAKE BOTTOM ered carefully they will scrape the boat sides. But not the anchor devised by A. D. Mill- values 10° either way; for example: for the bottle by a separate line and the bottle ham of Fullerton, Pa. He filled an old knee- brook trout the actual range is from 48° to is allowed to fill, then the bottle is raised high rubber boot with cement and set an 68°. But in general, in water colder than and the temperature of its contents is re- eye-bolt in the top to take the rope. 10° below its ideal temperature listed corded. This is also done at five-foot in- above, a species is practically in a state of tervals. NEW VARIABLE SCOPE SIGHT that hibernation. In water warmer than 10° The most favorable fishing occurs at the will delight the sharp eyes of hunters has above its ideal temperature it is almost as top of the thermocline and where it meets recently been marketed by the Browning inactive. the sloping sides of the lake. When an an- Arms Co. Its magnification can be varied Obviously this is important information gler is casting or trolling, regardless of how from 2X to 7X by means of a rotating ring for an angler. In spring or fall, if his ther- long his line may be he must be certain his in front of the eyepiece. The scope can be mometer indicates the water temperature is lure reaches down deep enough. The sim- used for deer at short ranges or woodchucks within prescribed limits, he at least has a plest way to do this is to determine, by at 300 yards. An outstanding feature of the chance of success. If the temperature is sounding with a sinker, a portion of the lake sight is that the size of the crosshairs does wrong he's wasting his time. In lakes in having the desired depth, and then regulat- not increase as the magnification is in- summer, in which the water is generally ing the rate of retrieve or troll so that the creased; it does in most variable scopes with stable, its temperature decreasing with lure strikes the bottom. the result that at high magnification the depth, each fish species migrates to a level crosshairs are almost as large as the target within its temperature range. The angler's A DEPTH GAUGE helps in lake fishing itself. problem is locating this level because that's and L. Lamle of Omaha, Neb., has a home- where the fish will be. Nature has provided made one. It's an old bait reel with a spool- STRONG ODORS of fish and bait can be a unique solution. There is one water ful of linen line and with its level-wind removed from the hands with brown soap, layer that contains the temperature ranges guide removed. A heavy sinker is tied to or with a baking soda solution, but George of most popular game fish. It is called the the end of the line and every ten feet is Bleadorn of Wheatland, Iowa, uses a more thermocline and is distinguished by the marked by a small split-shot. The reel is exotic cleanser. He washes his hands with fact that in it water experiences the most clamped to a discarded rod handle. To de- toothpaste. It works just as well, leaves a rapid temperature drop with depth, at least termine depth, he unwinds the line until the clean scent and is no trouble to carry. 1° per yard approximately. Not only is its sinker hits bottom, meanwhile counting the temperature suitable for the fish, but also split-shot as they leave the spool. Then he If you have a helpful idea for this feature its oxygen content and food. Below it, the multiplies by ten. A trout reel or boat reel send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you water is too cold and contains insufficient will do as well. $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- oxygen; above it, the water is too warm. It turn, or enter into correspondence concern- is estimated that in summer 90% of the DID RUST SPOTS mar your guns or their ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, larger game fish are taken from this layer. bores last season in spite of your diligent The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Exceptions are the fish that migrate into applications of oil and solvent? The cause Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019.

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 —

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY AND THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER (Continued from page 17) fell, the rocket ship Erebus moved in Another story goes that the melody MEN PAST40 closer to fire cluster after cluster of was written much earlier by an anony- rockets. These were Congreve rockets mous composer as a march for the 5th Afflicted With Getting Up Nights, named for their inventor—ten feet long, Inniskilling Dragoons. Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, with hollow warheads filled with an in- At any rate Key was not the first to Nervousness, Tiredness. cendiary compound of pitch, sulphur write verse to the tune. In America at If you are a victim of the above symp- and black powder. The rockets showered least a dozen songs utilized it between toms, the trouble may be due to Glandu- on the fort in a wild fireworks display. 1814. 1797 and Most of them were pa- lar Inflammation. Glandular Inflamma- Thus it was that when his emotions triotic. Three began: "Ye sons of Co- tion very commonly occurs in men of moved Francis Scott Key to verse that lumbia determined to keep ..." An- middle age or past and is often accompanied despondency, emotional upset night, he scribbled on the back of an en- other three began: "Columbians, arise; by and other mental and nervous reactions ." velope: "The rocket's red glare and the let the cannon resound . . Two sets . . . often signs that the glands are not bombs bursting in air, gave proof of verse sung to this tune honored U. S. functioning properly. through the night that our flag was still Presidents. They were "Adams and Lib- Neglect of such conditions or a false there." erty" and "Jefferson and Liberty." conception of adequate treatments may cause men to grow old before their time In the blackness just before dawn, The day after composing his poem, . . . loss of vigor and possibly lead to there came a lull in the firing. Key and Key read it to a group of guests at the incurable conditions. Beanes paced the deck uneasily. Had an- Baltimore residence of his wife's brother- other British landing party stormed in-law, Judge Joseph Hopper Nicholson. NONSURGICAL TREATMENTS ashore and taken the fort? Everyone was impressed by the poem's Most men, if treatment is taken in When dawn broke, Key and Beanes patriotic fervor. Judge Nicholson took time, can be successfully NON-SURGI- cheered wildly, tears of relief streaming the poem at once to the office of the Bal- CALLY treated for Glandular Inflam- mation. If the condition is aggravated down their cheeks. The flag, though it timore American and Commercial Ad- by lack of treatment, painful and ex- drooped mournfully on its staff in the vertiser to have it printed. Since all of the pensive surgery may be the only chance. gray windless morning, was still there. master printers were serving in the armed Through intensive research, a new re- Non-Surgical treatment method Later that morning, the British fleet forces during the emergency, the poem sultful for Glandular Inflammation has been retreated downriver to Chesapeake Bay. was set up in type by Samuel Sands, a perfected by the Excelsior Medical 14-year-old apprentice typesetter. With his army commander dead and his The Clinic. The mild Non-Surgical Method munitions almost exhausted, Admiral handbills on which it appeared were 6V2 has proven so successful it is backed by a Certificate of Assurance. Cockburn called off the attack. The Min- inches by 5Vi inches in size, and it was Lifetime Men from over 1,000 communities in den, its flag of truce flapping at the mast- entitled "Defence of Fort McHenry." all parts of the country, have been suc- head, sailed upriver to Baltimore and The childish hand of apprentice Sands cessfully Non-Surgically treated. They discharged attorney Key and his client at apparently created the controversial found soothing and comforting relief and better Health. the city wharf. In Key's pocket was the spellings and punctuation which have envelope on which he had scribbled the been handed down to posterity. Sands RECTAL-COLON REDUCIBLE notes of the poem conceived during the also sprinkled the text liberally with cap- DISORDERS HERNIA bombardment. ital letters and word contractions of his Are often associated with is also amenable to a mild At Fort McHenry the defenders pulled own choosing. Glandular Inflammation. Non-Surgical treatment. down their big flag and counted 1 1 holes Unfortunately, Key's original manu- Either or both of these disorders may be treated at the same time you are receiving Glandular in the cloth. That same day a section script never came home from the printer. was Inflammation treatments. cut from the flag to use as a shroud for A day or so later, he wrote from mem- one of the dead defenders. Reduced in ory a handwritten copy for Judge Nich- size, this flag is now on display at the olson and this autographed copy is the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. earliest one known to exist. It is now in

On the night of September 14, 1814, the possession of the Maryland Histori- in the quiet of a Baltimore hotel room, cal Society. The words of this version Francis Scott Key polished his rough differ in several ways from the handbill. Our New FREE Book is fully illustrated and deals with Also, some 25 years later, Key dashed notes into a poem, setting the words to diseases peculiar to men and the metrical scheme of a tune then popu- off three other handwritten copies as sou- women. Cives excellent fac- tual knowledge and could venirs friends. HOHSt/ltGfCAL lar in the United States. for These copies show prove of utmost importance The origin of this melody which be- variations in wording from the original to your future life. Tells How and Why new modern came the music of The Star-Spangled and have added to the confusion. Non-Surgical Treatment methods are proving so suc- Banner is obscure. The most widely held The original printed handbills were cessful. It is to your best belief is that it was written in England passed out on the streets of the besieged interest to write for a FREE copy today. just before the American Revolution by city of Baltimore during September 1814 r . I THIS John Stafford Smith, composer to His to fan the patriotic spirit of the citizenry. EXCELSIOR FILL OUT CLINIC COUPON TODAY Majesty's Chapel. Smith was an active An American actor and singer, Ferdi- MEDICAL Dept. 61 1 50 member of a drinking club called the nand Durang, serving in the volunteer Excelsior Springs, Mo. Anacreontic Society militia, took one of the handbills into the which met regularly Centlemen: Kindly send me at once, your full in- at the Crown and Anchor, a London tav- tavern next door to the Holiday Street New FREE Book. I am interested in formation (Please Check Box) ern. The club took its name Ana- Theater and sang the song for the pa- from Hernia Rectal-Colon Clandular creon, a Greek lyric poet of the 6th Cen- trons assembled there. The reception was Inflammation tury B. C, whose poems praised love, enthusiastic. Soon everyone on the streets NAME- wine and dancing. of Baltimore was singing Key's song. With words by Ralph ADDRESS. Tomlinson and entitled "To Anacreon Never dreaming he had written the TOWN in Heaven," it became the official song of words to the national anthem, Francis the Anacreontic STATE Society. Scott Key went on with the profession of . - . mJ THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 47 : ,

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY 'Til betrayed by the guile of the Puritan into Manila Bay, he ordered his flagship

. . .") band to play The Star-Spangled Banner. (Continued from page 47) demon Criticism of The Star-Spangled Ban- The resulting publicity made Key's song law and the avocation of writing verse. ner music continued over the years. The the most popular of the three. The only poem by Key surviving today wide range of five notes more than an Shortly after his inauguration, Presi- other than The Star-Spangled Banner is octave made it difficult for anyone but dent Theodore Roosevelt issued an ex- the verse he wrote for the Episcopalian a trained vocalist to sing. Of course, ecutive order making The Star-Spangled I'd hymn, "Lord, with glowing heart when it was sung as a drinking song, the Banner the national anthem for all mili- praise thee." vocal cords of the singers were expected tary purposes. In a wave of criticism to be fortified with alcohol, enabling some detractors referred to the order as Key received several important gov- them to surmount the wide range. But "Teddy's ukase creating a national an- ernment appointments during the as a national song, sung in sobriety and them from Francis Scott Key's unsing- administration of President Andrew reverence, the wide range was a detri- able ode." This order died when Jackson. From 1833 to 1841 he was U. S. ment. Roosevelt left office. Attorney for the District of Columbia. Critics also attacked Key's words as In 1916 military band leaders, still One of the most famous cases he prose- frustrated by the lack of a national an- cuted was that against Richard Law- them to play at ceremonies and formal rence, the Washington house painter who occasions, induced the Department of attempted to assassinate President Jack- War to issue a regulation stating "the son on the steps of the Capitol. Old Hick- composition known as The Star-Spangled ory charged with upraised cane when the Banner would be played as the national assassin's pistol misfired. Lawrence, who anthem." President Woodrow Wilson described himself during his trial as "heir gave his approval. This regulation, how- to the British crown," was adjudged in- ever, did not set forth an authorized set sane and sent to an institution for treat- of words or musical score. ment. There were such variants in the word-

Key died of pleurisy on January 1 1 ing of different versions of the poem as: 1843, at the age of 64 and was buried in "O say can you see," "O! say can you Mount Olivet Cemetery in Frederick, see," and "Oh! Say can you see." There Md. Fourteen years after his death, a w4 were plural "Rockets' red glare," and slim volume of his verse was published. "Bombs bursting in air," and the singu- His brother-in-law. Chief Justice Roger lar "Rocket's red glare," and "Bomb B. Taney, wrote the introduction to the bursting in air." book. The verses were light and gener- In 1918 President Wilson authorized ally of a humorous nature, lacking the two committees to study the problem force of strong emotion which his ex- and come up with standardized versions perience at Fort McHenry had brought of the words and music. Just why he au- to his most famous work. thorized two committees is not clear. In- For the next century, other poets con- stead of resolving the problem with one tinually tried to improve on Key's poem 'What's the rest of the message?' committee, the result with two commit- by rewriting the words. Between 1814 tees was to divide The Star-Spangled and 1864 over 50 versions of the words Banner forces into two separate camps. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE of The Star-Spangled Banner were pub- The "service" version was prepared lished. Also, the music was used for being too sentimental and commemorat- by a committee of 12 from the War De- other songs. One of these was "The Bat- ing an incident of too minor historical partment for use in Army and Navy tle of the Wabash" commemorating the importance for a national anthem of a song books. The "education" version was famous Battle of Tippecanoe. During country of the magnitude of ours. prepared at the request of the United the presidential campaign of 1840 this During the 1850's, the showman P. T. States Board of Education by the follow- song helped carry William Henry Har- Barnum, noting the public interest in The ing committee: Will Earhart (Chair- rison to the White House. Star-Spangled Banner controversy, be- man), Walter Damrosch, Arnold J. From the standpoint of its allegedly gan a competition for a national anthem Gantvoort, O. G. Sonneck, and John bibulous origin, one of the most para- as a weekly event in the Lecture Room Philip Sousa. doxical uses of The Star-Spangled Ban- of his New York Museum. On Sunday Both versions used exactly the same ner tune came in 1843 when a temper- afternoons, aspirants to musical glory notes in the melody, but the service ver- ance society composed verses which ap- took the stage and rendered lustily their sion introduced a few more syncopated peared in the Temperance Annual and entries in the contest. Cash prizes were rhythms than the other. Neither bore a Cold Water Magazine. They began awarded on the basis of audience ap- copyright claim, so they have often been "Oh, who has not seen by the dawn's plause. The contest caught considerable reprinted by various publishers with no early light, public interest, but none of the Barnum credit shown. Some poor bloated drunkard to his contest songs ever attained national im- March 3, 1931, after a stormy home weakly reeling; portance. As late as the Spanish-Ameri- On With blear eyes and red nose, most can War of 1898, The Star-Spangled battle, the 71st Congress passed ." Public Law making The Star-Span- revolting to sight . . Banner was still sharing honors as 823, national anthem. This During the Civil War Oliver Wendell America's most popular national song gled Banner the President Herbert Holmes published a poem for the tune with "Hail Columbia" and "My Country bill, signed into law by which was drastically anti-southern in Tis of Thee." Hoover, is as follows: the Senate and content. The Confederates came back In the end it was an historical incident "Be it enacted by of the United with their own version in a poem en- which caused Key's song to pull out far House of Representatives in Congress assembled, titled, "The Cross of the South." ("How ahead of the other two. When Admiral States of America consisting of the peaceful and blest was America's soil, George Dewey made his triumphal entry that the Composition 48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 — "

words and music known as The Star- the problem. This committee, composed Spangled Banner is designated the na- of eminent individuals in the musical Now! Life Insurance tional anthem of the United States of field under Chairman Richard S. Hill, America." Head of the Music Reference Section at Birth to Age 80 This law had the same internal weak- the Library of Congress, worked out a First ness as the earlier executive orders and final version which was approved by the Days regulations, since it did not recognize National Music Council in a meeting on 30 that conflicting sets of words and music May 22, 1958. The council at the same ONLY 25< were in existence and hence did not solve time passed a resolution disclaiming any 1000 Per Policy the problem once and for all by stating possible rights it might have to copyright. CASH FOR YOUR FINAL EXPENSES. exactly what the words and music should The words of this version are based AVOID BEING A BURDEN TO YOUR FAMILY be. on the autographed manuscript hand- Introductory Offer. Answer these 9 Faced with the reality that the song written by Key for Judge Joseph Hopper questions on a plain piece of paper and mail with only 25c for 30 days' protec- now was the legally designated national Nicholson. The committee changed the tion. Regular rate shown on policy. anthem, some frustrated critics began a words in several minor ways. In several Amounts usually Issued without doctor grim campaign to produce a standard- places Key used an apostrophe instead of examination. NEW LOW RATES. Ages Amount Ages Amount ized singable version. This group re- "e," and the ampersand "&" instead of 0 to 80 $1000 15 to 60 $2500 ferred to itself facetiously as the "and." These were corrected. Also, the 1. Print full name and address. S. D. S. A. S. S. B.—the Society for singular possessive "footstep's" in the 2. Date of birth? 3. Height? 3a. Weight? Doing Something About The Star- fourth line of the third stanza was 4. Occupation, kind of work? and address of employer Spangled Banner. group finally gave changed to the plural "footsteps' " as 4a Name The 5. Race? (For identification). up the project. "We've tried changing the being more logical. The word "power" in 6. Beneficiary and relationship to you? 7. To your knowledge have you had heart, words and transposing the music, but the fourth line of the fourth stanza was lung, diabetes, cancer, or chronic disease? Are you deformed, lost a hand, foot, eye, nothing works." The New York Herald- capitalized to "Power." Although all of or ever rejected for insurance? Tribune heartily agreed with them, say- Key's handwritten copies use the small 8. State condition of health. 9. Amount desired, and sign your name. ing that the anthem was "a song with "p," the change was made in response to NO AGENT WILL CALL words nobody can remember to a tune many requests from people who felt that Actual policy will be mailed you direct from Home Office. You be the judge. can sing." to direct refer- nobody Key meant "Power" be a Mail to: S. B. Hunt, Chairman In June 1947, at Kansas City, Mo., ence to God. AMERICAN LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. 344 American Life Bldg., St. Louis 8. Mo. the song was sung by a professional vo- Mr. Broyhill's bill embodies the words calist as part of the introduction to a and music recommended by the National speech by President Harry S. Truman. Music Council. The melody is written in FREE CATALOG Radio listeners all over the world heard the historically correct key of B flat, but the singer's voice crack on one of the recognizing the impossibility of selecting ADIRONDACK high notes. The sleeping foes again all one key suitable for renditions CHAIRS •TABLES' awakened. piano, vocal, band or orchestra—the bill Manufacturers of In an editorial entitled "It's Time for a explains that the music as set forth is not • SCHOOL FURNITURE New National Anthem," the Christian intended for rigid interpretation. It is • BLACKBOARDS • TENNIS TABLES Century suggested the formation of a merely a basic model from which other group called the S. A. N. N. A.—the So- arrangements may be made by composers ADIRONDACK CHAIR CO. 104-0W. 17th • N.Y.C. ciety for the Adoption of a New National for various uses. Factories: DALLAS • BOSTON • L.A. • CHICAGO • PITTSBURGH Anthem"—which would supplant the old The bill, now pending in the House S. D. S. A. S. S. B. Judiciary Committee, is House Joint Despite all the controversy, Key's song Resolution 4, last introduced January 9, will undoubtedly remain the national an- FALSE TEETH 1963. them and an authorized standard set of And so the struggle for an authorized KLUTCH holds them tighter words and music may be forthcoming in version of The Star-Spangled Banner KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental plates so much firmer and snugger that one can eat the not-distant future. Since 1955, Rep. goes on. Despite its controversial quali- and talk with greater comfort and security; in many cases almost as well with natural teeth. Klutch Joel as T. Broyhill of Virginia has led a ties, the "unsingable melody" with its lessens the constant fear of a dropping, rocking, chafing plate. ... If your druggist doesn't have movement in Congress to pass a law "unrememberable words" is entwined in Klutch, don't waste money on substitutes, but send setting forth an official version. Mr. the hearts and minds of all patriotic us 10c and we will mail you a generous trial box. KLUTCH CO., Box 407-D, ELMIRA, N. Y. Broyhill became interested in the prob- Americans. When the song is sung, lem when a group of high school stu- Americans remove their hats and make dents wrote him for an authoritative text a stab at singing it, though many only ap- Shrinks Hemorrhoids of the exact words and music and he proximate the notes that are too high found to his dismay that none existed. or too low. New Way Without Surgery For aid in writing a standard version, And despite all the harsh words of Mr. Broyhill solicited recommendations criticism, no other song in our history Stops Itch -Relieves Pain from the leading musical organizations has become so closely identified with the For the first time science has found a of the United States. Among those can- American flag. The author, Francis Scott new healing substance with the astonishing ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve vassed were the U. S. Army, Navy and Key, has himself become an integral part pain — without surgery. Air Force Bandsmen's Association, Inc.; of the flag tradition. His grave is one of In case after case, while gently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. the U. S. Marine Band; the National the few places where our flag is per- Most amazing of all — results were so Music Council; the American Society of manently sanctioned to fly all night. thorough that sufferers made astonishing Composers, Authors and Publishers; and From Fort McHenry on the Patapsco statements like "Piles have ceased to be a problem! the U. S. Navy School of Music. River in 1814, to the American outposts The secret is a new healing substance

1 The National Music Council took a throughout the world in 1964, Key's (Bio-Dyne® ) — discovery of a world-famous research institute. great deal of interest in the project. On song is the one think Americans of and This substance is now available in sup- December 7, 1955, the council passed a sing when Old Glory flaps proudly in the pository or ointment form under the name Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug motion to appoint a committee to study breeze. the end counters. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 49 —

A LONG LOOK AT THE STOCK MARKET (Continued from page 27)

5Va % bonds which I bought at under While the number of shares in total now let us turn to the demand side. The 100. They rose against the market and listed on the New York Stock Exchange first thing to consider is the number of are currently selling at about 112—and has tripled in the past ten years, a ma- buyers. The number of individual share- the interest is tax exempt. terial part of this increase in number of holders in America shows a highly sig- But what we are talking about here shares was caused by splits in stocks nificant upward trend: is the whole stock market, not individual the old share was taken back and the Number of Owners of Stock stocks or bonds which of course may, owner given two or three in its place. in the United States and frequently do, counter the stock Since the new shares were represented 1952 6,490,000 market cycle. by the same underlying assets, these 1962 17,010,000 assets were in effect divided two or three In 1962 individual shareholders were Let us summarize at this point on ways with the result that the market two-and-a-half times the number who the shorter run market outlook. owned shares in 1952. The day-to-day movements of the The market value of all stocks listed market are next to impossible to fore- on the New York Stock Exchange in cast, most particularly for the part-time 1961 was $387,800,000,000. Out of this investor. And if he could become expert, total, institutions held 18%, or $69,700,- commissions and taxes take most of his 000,000. Institutions include insurance profit out of trading and stack the cards companies, investment companies, non- against him. profit institutions, pension funds, trust The six months-to-a-year cycle does funds and mutual savings banks. not have to be forecast. It has a tendency What we should take careful note of to continue in the direction in which it is the increasing importance, as security is going, and this characteristic allows investors, of institutional holders. In investment to be done intelligently. I 1949 the institutional holders were re- wish I could say I forecast the drop in sponsible for 12.7% of all listed stock 1962 by isolating the economic factors ownership. By 1961 this percentage had involved and synthesizing them after risen to 18%. applying the appropriate weights. I did not and I could not. But I did see the Another important factor in assess- movement in time and was largely out . ing the demand for stocks is what a of the market in January 1962. I also person has to spend. What he has in the came back in later in the year after I was way of "free cash" determines his ability sure the rise was the beginning of a new to buy anything—stocks and bonds in- up phase of the market cycle. cluded. This free cash is what he has left "I have to hang up and get supper ready, 3. The Long Pull. But what will the after he has paid his federal, state and Helen. I'll call you at the same time market do over the next five years? This local taxes, and it is called disposable tomorrow— right after breakfast." is the most significant question for the personal income. The figure rose from non-professional investor; and at the $207 billion in 1950 to nearly $365 bil- same time it is the easiest to answer. lion in 1961. After personal consump- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE The price of stocks and bonds de- tion expenditures have been made, what pends, like other traded items, on supply value of each new share was roughly is left is savings, and out of this residue and demand. It is the interaction of sup- one-half or one-third that of each old comes money for stock market invest- ply and demand which determines the share. There was very little real increase ments. price of any particular stock and the in the supply. Personal Savings in Billions of Dollars level of the stock market in general. Every year, in fact every month, new 1950 $12.6 Over the next several years it is almost securities—other than those resulting 1960 20.9 impossible to arrive at any conclusion from stock splits—come onto the market; 1962 26.2 other than that the stock market is going but a material part of the funds obtained Expenditures have not kept pace with to climb substantially. Individual stocks from the new issues which are offered increases in personal income in the 12- are another matter. Some will move with by American corporations each year are year period from 1950 to 1962, so that the market and most certainly some will used to retire old issues, so that once savings have more than doubled. Out of move against the market. But the aver- again nothing new is really being offered these personal savings come the saver's age of the whole can hardly do other- the public. Over the past eight years the purchases of securities. Here is the rec- wise than to rise. Among the reasons for new offerings were remarkably steady, ord of corporate security purchases by this are: both stocks and bonds. individuals since World War 2: The Supply of Stocks. As early as The number of shares of stock listed Individual Corporate Security Purchases 1948. shortly after the close of World on the chief stock exchanges is almost in Billions of Dollars War 2, there were 1,017 companies listed completely limited at any one time or Annual Average on the New York Stock Exchange. By even over a period of months. The supply 1946-1949 $ .6 1961 this number had grown to only does not respond to demand in any direct 1950-1955 1.5 1,163. Thus there was virtually no in- way, and this fact is all important in 1956 1.9 crease in the corporations offering stock assessing the long postwar market rise 1957 3.1 for sale on the major exchange in the and the future course of the stock mar- 1958 2.6 country. ket. If the supply does not rise in pro- 1959 9 In 1948 there were 1,419 issues of portion to demand, the general market 1960 1.2 different stocks listed. In 1961 there were prices will tend to rise. 1961 1.0 1,541. Few new issues of stocks came The Demand For Stocks. We have This is a fluctuating record and not onto the market in this entire period. seen that the supply is fairly static, so one of constant increase. Shares in sav-

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 ?

ings and loan associations rose from $5.4 billion in 1956 to $9.4 billion in 1961, and reflect a steady, year by year, rise. Deposits in banks rose in the same MY ZOYSIA GRASS period from $3.8 billion to $8.6 billion. Savings moving into the stock market didn't keep pace. The lag and fluctuation CUTS YOUR WORK, in sales of securities out of savings can

) on the be attributed to ( 1 conservatism part of savers who like savings accounts so they can at least get back what they SAVES YOU MONEY put in; (2) no familiarity with security investment; (3) ease of opening a sav- Meyer 1-52 Zoysia Grass Was Perfected By stories ings account; and (4) too many The U.S. Govt. • Approved By U. S. Golf Assoc. of fraudulent security sales plus SEC in- By Mike Senkiw, Agronomist, Farm Nurseries vestigations of abuses. Zoysia No Need To Rip Out Your Present When I figured up how much our old lawn cost us, I was staggered. Spring Grass, Amazoy Drives It Out. Inflation is another factor governing seed, meant spending money for lawn Plug It In Old Lawn Or New Ground stock prices. From 1 949 to 1 960 the weed-killers and fertilizers. Summer 1. waste, no sod to cut, no seeds to fail. grass green No price level in general rose from 20% to meant fighting to keep our Amazoy comes in fresh, 3 square inch one looks thru hot dry spells. plugs of living grass especially grown 25%, depending on whether for transplanting. Every plug taken It was sprinkler off, sprinkler on . . . at consumer prices or wholesale prices. from ground under supervision of our mowing and crabgrass killers. There was agronomist. (We are not now talking about stock no end to it! 2. Set pre-cut plugs into hole in ground prices.) With 1957-1959 as a base equal I was about ready to give up, when I like putting cork into a bottle. Plant 1 heard about Meyer Zoysia Grass, the foot apart, checkerboard pattern. Easy to 100, all consumer prices (the com- planting instruction with order. grass perfected by U. S. Govt, agrono- 104.2 in 1961, to bined index) rose to mists and praised by turf experts coast 3. Plugs spread to cover area with thick, beautiful grass. No more ugly or in 1962 and to 106.2 in April brown 105.4 to coast. I plugged in this grass and those bare spots due to heat or drought. 1963—a serious rate of inflation (al- plugs grew into a beautiful lawn that continually saves us work and money. though wholesale prices did not rise to Your Own Supply Of Plug Transplants Experience shows that Amazoy will do appreciable degree). Your established turf provides you with any the for you. same Zyosia plugs for other areas if you so de- Stock prices are to a certain extent sire. The plugged area grows over solidly OUT CRABGRASS again, providing a convenient supply of like any other prices and tend to rise in CHOKES Your Amazoy lawn stays green in spite plugs whenever you want them. an inflationary economy such as we have of heat and drought. It laughs at water It chokes out crabgrass and weeds all bans. Work Less, Worry Less, Spend Less in the United States, and it can con- summer long. It resists attacks by insects On Your Lawn fidently be expected that the stated deficit and diseases. program of the Administration will NEVER NEEDS REPLACEMENT * Perfect for problem areas (banks, slopes, play Your Amazoy lawn grows so thick and areas, pool areas, etc.) accelerate this trend. rich, it resists footwear, cookouts, lawn * Won't winter kill • Cuts mowing furniture and children's play. Yet under- % Inflation is also a force which encour- foot it's like a thick pile carpet so resistant * Stays green through droughts and heat ages some people to buy stocks or other it never needs replacement. * Cuts cost of watering, weeding, mowing and property instead of turning to savings LAUGHS AT WATER BANS fertilizing It saves time and money in many ways. * Resists blight, insects, diseases accounts or insurance, as there is a survived temps. It won't winterkill — has * Resists lawn furniture, cookouts, playground chance that a rise in the prices of their 30° below zero. Goes off its green color after killing frosts, regains new beauty punishment property will protect their investments every Spring — a true perennial. It ends the need for crabgrass killers. Fertilizing Why put up with a lawn you must coddle from losing value with inflation. and watering (water costs money too) are A lawn that turns to hay when you want it rarely if ever needed. Cuts pushing a mower most? Decide to enjoy a GREEN weed-free factor is the money Another demand under a blazing summer sun by %. There's lawn all summer and Save Money Too! market "overhang," which is the accu- no need for costly chemicals that can endanger wildlife, pets and children. mulation of cash in the country quite ZOYSIA GRASSES PROVEN NO. 1 Dept. 242, ZOYSIA FARMS apart from the saving of income. It is a 6414 Reisferstown Rd., Baltimore 15, Md. tremendously important factor influenc- IN DURABILITY 80 Boylston St., Boston 16, Mass. 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago III. ing the stock market. BY LARGEST U.S. UNIVERSITY 1, there has America's largest university tested 13 Please ship following order: During the past two years leading grasses lor resistance to foot traf- Full Size Plugger $4.95 been a cash accumulation of a magnitude fic, wheel damage, etc. Special paddle- wheels smashed the grass; spiked rollers 100 Plugs 6.95 at which is probably greater than any ripped and tore its blades. 100 Plugs & Plugger 9.95 Result: The grasses most praised by turf time in the economic history of this experts, the Zoysia Grasses, (Matrella and 200 Plugs 11.20 country. Not only were stocks turned into meyeri species) led all others in resistance. 200 Plugs & Plugger 13.75 Plug 300 Plugs & Plugger 17.75 cash in the 1962 market slide, but the No Risk, Every Amazoy 600 Plugs & Plugger 27.95 institutional investors (banks and finance GUARANTEED 1100 Plugs & Plugger (F.O.B. Md.) 39.95 companies) were pulling funds in from Perfect For Problem Areas If you live East of Rocky Mts. add 75c per 100 Whether you have poor soil, sub-soil — all over the world. Latin America sud- plugs. If you live WEST of Rocky Mts., add $1.50 even sandy waterfront soil — you're as- per 100 plugs and we pay shipping charges. denly became an undesirable place in sured lawn beauty and success with Otherwise omit handling charges and we ship 45 Amazoy. Every Plug must grow within Express charge collect. Do NOT enclose handling which to invest with the increasing num- entirely at days or we replace FREE — our chgs. on 1100 plug orders, shipped only F.O.B. Since you know we're ber of exchange controls, constitutional risk and expense. Maryland Nursery Farm. hardly in business for the fun of it, you crises, debt moratoriums, devaluations know this grass has to be everything we say. I enclose check money order.. ..cash and confiscations. The Administration's PATENTED pMpp WITH program of a special retroactive 15% STEP-ON B> |#la fti LARGER NAME PLUGGER I ORDERS tax on foreign investment is right now llbL Full-size plugger is wonderful ADDRESS adding more nails to the coffin of foreign for planting, invaluable for trans- outlets for funds and further glutting the planting and other garden work as CITY It clears away unwanted growth as American money market. it digs holes for the plugs. $4.95 ZONE STATE separately or FREE with large One international finance company order. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 53 A LOOK AT THE STOCK MARKET would be a serious drag on the demand the increase has been caused by splits. (Continued from page 53) for stocks now and in the future—and it Summary—supply is not up much. is indeed a check on it—if stock in- 2. The number of shareowners is in- liquidated its Latin-American credits so vestors were as concerned with how creasing at an extremely high rate, thus rapidly after taking several severe losses much their annual yield would be as are placing more buyers in the market for on devaluations that they paid off every those who consider investing in a new a relatively static supply of stock traded bank line and would like to find suitable business enterprise. But the element of on the major exchanges. Summary— domestic outlets for $20 million in invest- yield is largely overlooked by many demand is up here. ment funds. investors in stocks. 3. Institutional stockholders are in- It is usually true that this type of To summarize the present situation creasing fairly rapidly, although in total investor does not go into the stock mar- from the point of view of profitability they are not of extreme significance as ket as other outlets close. of the corporations that form the basis yet. Summary—demand is up here, too. At the same time, many industrial and of the stock market and the yield in the 4. The income of individuals in the mercantile organizations have been pil- form of dividends to the investors, the United States is increasing steadily; a ing up their profits in the form of cash. stock market becomes less and less at- substantial part of this income is saved; We have been so used to the situation and much of this goes into the purchase that we do not realize that the American of corporate securities. Summary—de- economy is at its all-time peak and is con- mand is up here, too. tinuing to climb. Most segments of the 5. The average individual is not yet economy are prosperous and many have "sold" on the stock market and he still realized this prosperity in the form of ex- prefers to put his savings in the bank or cess cash. These funds to some degree in the savings and loan association. The go into the stock market and will con- amount of savings funneled into the tinue to do so in the future. stock market varies with the times and The corporate financial report item with the stock market news far more called "Other Current Assets," which than the savings placed in savings ac- includes stocks, rose $1.7 billion in from counts. Summary—this is a check on 1950 to $10.2 billion in 1960 and to the demand for stocks. $11.5 billion in 1961. American cor- 6. We have inflation in the United porations put more and more of their States, which will be accelerated by the cash into securities, thus adding to the deficit program of the Administration, over-all demand for stocks and bonds. and inflation does not stop short of the stock market. Summary—this is a factor decreasing attractiveness of stocks causing stock prices to tend to rise, be- is a result of the rule: The Higher A cause stock ownership is a hedge against the Price, the Poorer the Investment. inflation. In the boom decade of the 1950's and 7. There are huge cash funds over- into the 1960's corporate profits were, hanging the investment community at strange as it may seem, fairly steady. In "You can use my office, sir, if you'd like the present time. Although these funds 1950 corporate profits after taxes were to have a last few quiet minutes alone are for the most part available only for $22.8 billion. In 1961 they were $23.3 with your money." loans, stocks do offer an alternative, and billion. On the basis of profits alone the corporations that are heavy with cash THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE rise in stock prices shown in the Dow- are buying more and more stocks. Sum- Jones Industrial Average, from 216 to tractive as the market rises, and is un- mary—demand is up here, too. 691, was hardly justified. interesting right now from the point of 8. The dividend yield on investment in While a ten-year period shows a fairly view of a person needing or desiring a stocks at present prices is not very at- steady corporate profit level, the same good yield in dividends on his invest- tractive, and if investors were thinking period shows a doubling of dividends. In ment. Only on the basis of a future rise only of yield, the demand would drop other words, more of what was made was in the level of the market is this form drastically. But most investors, and par- paid out to stockholders. Even during the of investment worth while. It must be ticularly the non-professional, part-time stock dividends 1962 market gloom, clear that much of a rise will bring the investors, are looking for growth in the the were increased about 8% over yield down to under 3%, and that, based value of their investment, so that they are the previous year. By the end of 1962 on the growth of earnings and dividends not too easily discouraged by low divi- business apparently so community was in the past 20 years, the yield cannot be dend yields. Summary—low yield is a enthusiastic about the outlook that divi- raised to any appreciable degree short of check on demand, but not an overpower- dends were up about from the 25% a decade—even with the government's ing one. 1962 over-all average. pump-priming deficit program. These are the controlling factors of dividends per share 200 stocks The on Now let us summarize the long-term the general prices of stocks. The demand (Moody's) rose from $1.78 in 1940 to stock price outlook, and by long term factors far outweigh any visible increases $3.53 in 1950 and to an annual rate of we mean here a five-year period. These in the supply of stocks. When demand $6.40 in May 1963. Unfortunately, the are the factors and the economic facts outreaches supply, over the long haul, increase in price of stocks more than which must be considered and on which prices will rise over the long haul. offset this rise. The dividend yield, based the level of the stock market over a five- When all the factors are brought to- on the then current price, dropped from year period depends: gether they are definitely bullish (rising

6.3% in 1950 to 3.1% in 1961, not a 1. The number of corporations offer- prices) for the long pull, and it is most very attractive yield by anybody's standing stock on the major exchanges has difficult to anticipate any long term trend ards when one could get 5% in an not increased materially over the past other than a rising market over the next insured savings and loan association. decade and neither have the issues of five years, barring a major recession in This low dividend yield in return for stock offered. Although a greater num- the prosperity of the whole country. what you pay for many stocks today ber of shares have been offered, much of THE END

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • t ML 1964 S .

NEW OIL BOOM ROCKS NEVADA Now STAKE YOUR CLAIM With A U.S. GOV'T OIL LEASE in Nevada's Great Basin neighboring Gulf, Standard, Sinclair, Conoco, Union, Shell, etc.

Major oil companies have just leased huge NEW AREAS in Nevada's rich Great Basin! Geological crews and drill rigs are now there—already a multi- million dollar oil field in Ely area. Activity has reached a fever pitch. It's now or never! You can share in this roaring oil boom with a U. S. Govern- ment oil lease near producing wells. Thousands of Americans have struck it rich with similar oil lease opportunities earning up to $3,000 monthly. Reserve your oil lease issued by the Government NOW. Choice parcels are going fast.

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I NEVADA OIL LEASE CO. (NOLCO) RENO, NEVADA. BOX 5215L I I Reserve my Great Basin Oil Lease immediately. Enclosed is $10 down-payment on a 40 acre parcel ($10 per month, $110 full price) LAND BIG by letting this Fishfinder 100 ALL-PURPOSE magnets, versatile, rub- A ONE Enclosed is $10 down-payment on an 80 acre lure. ber-coated blocks provide endless Scope indicate the place for bait and hours of parcel ($20 per month, $210 full price) Lets you see underwater to depth of 30- fun building toys, houses, doodles. Prac- feet. Lightweight, waterproof, 6x24 ins. tical, too—use them as markers, hold Name $7.88 plus 500 hdlg. NIRESK INDUSTRIES, notes and other things to metal surfaces INC., Dept. P-SG-4, 589 E. Illinois St., Chi- — in home, office or factory. 890 plus 110 Address- cago, III. ptge. BARCLAY DISTRIBUTORS, Dept. AL, City. .State_ 170-30 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. You must be a citizen of the USAand over 21 years of age.

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SHADE IN 4 MONTHS' ASTRONAUTS (PUERARIA)

FANTASTIC POSTAGE STAMP ISSUE! Goodbye RUPTURE Misery This multi-color COMPLETE SET of 10 stamps *Fragrant Star Vine once started according to simple COMFO-TRUSS gives amazing, instant relief from directions can grow 60 feet in a single season. Blooms shows ASTRONAUTS Cooper, Schirra, Glenn, discomfort of reducible inguinal hernia. Patented. Carpenter, Gagarin, Popovich, into a glorious mass of purple flowers and heart shaped Titov, Nicolaev, Weighs oz. Body belt of soft, perforated-for-coolness V/i leaves after established. An inviting vine, lives many Bikovski, Miss Tereskova, and naming all their quick, one-buckle ad- foam rubber. No laces, no snaps— years, providing large areas of shade. Grows like famous SPACECRAFT; Cpl. Complete Set of 10 justment. Foam rubber pad. Washable. Right, Left, crazy, covering walls, porches, fences or shade arbors. GIANT SPACE stamps, ALL FOR 10c!! Big Dic- $4.95; double, $5.95—plus 25c postage. Send measure- Buy one pack of seeds for $1 and get second pack tionary & Approvals included. ment around lower abdomen to Kinlen Co., Dept. AL-44C, FREE. Money Back Guarantee. WESTERN WORLD STAMPEX, Box 47-P E White Plains, N. Y. 809 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. PRODUCTS, 2611 Tilden Ave., Dept. 636, Los Angeles 64, Calif. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 55 FREE SET CATALOG

tJfonroe FOLDING TABLES Over 65,000 churches, schools, clubs, lodges and other organizations save money for other needs by buying famous Mon- roe Folding Tables direct from our factory. 94 different models TABLE AND CHAIR and sizes all designed for rug- STORAGE TRUCKS ged institutional use. Also direct factory savings on fold- • Sectional Buffet ing chairs, table and chair Tables storage trucks, portable room • Room Dividers dividers, choral risers, stages, Platforms and etc. New color catalog FREE. Stages Send today! KEEP CESSPOOL TROUBii THE MONROE CO. 69 Church St. Colfax. Iowa AWAY Mf*

KEY RING medallion of antique bronze, SEPTIC TANK TROUBLES? — Reactivator shows handsomely modeled bas-relief por- keeps septic tank and cesspool clean, pre- trait of the late President Kennedy on one vents overflow, back-up, odors, saves cost- side, the other in raised letters, his now ly pumping or digging. Just mix dry pow-

famous quotation, "Ask not. . . .", etc. der in water, flush. Non-poisonous, non- Protect Plants from Dog Damage About half dollar size, flexible gold finish caustic, 6 mos. supply (23 ozs.) $2.95 ppd. chain and ring. $1.98 ea.; 2 for $3.50; 6 for Northel, Dept. AL-4, Box 1103, Minneap- Keep dogs, cats, and other animals where they be- $9, ppd. THE FINNEY CO., Dept. AL-4, 5315 olis 40, Minn. long! Don't take chances — get Sudbury Chaperone, W. Devon, Chicago, III. 60646. nationally famous, extra potent. Prevent burned evergreens, ruined flowers, soiled lawns, spilled garbage cans. Harmless, humane, invisible— a little lasts a long time! Comes in automatic spray can, $4 6-oz. size OUTDOOR Chaperone postpaid only X Giant Economy-Size Chaperone $1.59 BEFORE AFTER (Indoor Chaperone protects chairs, beds, sofas, rugs.) Special Offer: 2 Giant aerosols postpaid for $3 (Your choice of 2 of a kind or 1 of each. No limit) Money-Back Guarantee. Enclose $1 bills at our risk. CHAPERONE, Box 1265, Sudbury, Mass.

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in the roomiest of all, CONVERTIBLE CAR rear window restorer STAMP COLOR CHART—identifying more and cleaner. Dull, streaked, dirty rear win- than 100 colors and shades listed in stand- Wim the EL DORADO dows of convertible cars are restored to ard stamp catalogs— is included w th this sparkling, glassy clearness with one easy valuable collection of 35 multi-colored pic- CAMPER COACH application of this solution. Plastic con- torial issues selected from the world's tainer holds one year supply and appli- most beautiful stamps. 250 ppd. KEN- cator. $1.98 ppd. BARCLAY DISTRIBU- MORE, Dept. D-12, Milford, New Hamp- Famous sportsmen TORS. Dept. 67, 170-30 Jamaica Ave., Ja- shire. everywhere choose maica, N. Y. the EL DORADO. It's America's most popular coach. Choose from compact models to the most luxurious self- contained coaches, all priced for your budget.

Discover a new, wonder way of life, as a family, when you travel EL DORADO. ANNOUNCING THE ALL NEW ONLY 2" LONG, this B-B Shot is a new and HYBRID ROSE has built-in "green thumb." powerful invention that shoots standard IV/2 living HONORBUILT FOOT Developed for fence purposes, this BBs. Lightweight and pocket size, it's al- TRAVEL TRAILER! hybrid rose thrives and blooms in almost ways ready for target practice or to rout every kind of climate and soil. The famous pests. Comes with dispenser, supply of Living is Red Robin Fence economical. 82 BBs and target. $1.98 ppd., 3, $5. Grayson, Sleeps includes features. Write for folder. 4, many feet of this fence for less than 15 feet of Dept. AL-4, 210 5th Ave., N. Y. 10. conventional wood fence. Illustrated book- For a Free Brochure and of nearby Dealer, name let free. Mr. Ben Ginden, GINDEN NURS- write nearest factory: ERY. AL-4, San Bruno, California.

HONORBUILT TRAILER MFG. CO., INC. 19940 Hansen Ave., Lakeview, Calif, or 1200 W. 10th St., Minneapolis, Kansas

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 . ,

Tin is section is presented as a service to readers and

advertisers. All products are sold with a money-back invisible swim aid

guarantee. When ordering, please allow a reason- NON- SWIMMERS

able amount of time for handling and shipping. SWIM INSTANTLY Yes, now, you too can swim like a fish the easy, safe way — FAST — and join the water fun. New, unique,

4 oz. device, 1 /25" thin, worn HIDDEN under reg. bathing suit or swim trunks, floats you at ease with little effort, is comfortable all day. No more fear of deep water, adjust, buoyancy makes anyone unsinkable. Poor swimmers look like champions, n on swimmers swim quickly and easily. Order your original, invisible "SWIM-EZY"® today, lasts for years. Made in U.S. pats, pend. Send only $7.95 ppd. plus 32c tax in Calif. 10 day trial guar. STATE WAIST SIZE and SEX. Airmail add 42c. Beware of poor imitations. SW IM-EZY Mfr.

2245 N Lake Ave., Dept. T-380; Altadena, Calif . 91 001 . MADE $1200 ON ONE JOB

Some make more, some less . . We help you start Your Own All-Year Business STORMOSCOPE Barometer with the ACCORDION PLAYERS or those who would unique new UNI/MAG movement — 2V4 like to learn to play save money with low Make BIG Money! G.H.Jones times more pointer motion, better weather discount prices. This company announces made $1200 on one school job forecasts. Wall model (No. 6404, Vega). it stocks for immediate delivery nearly 50 with our highly efficient wall Plastic case 9%" x 4Vi". Smart light accordion models. Write for free catalogs, washer which cleans walls 6 coffee color, gold trim. Thermometer in- full information and discount price lists. times faster and better than cluded. $9.95 ppd. TAYLOR INSTRUMENT THE ACCORDION CORPORATION OF by hand. No special skill... COMPANIES, 95 Ames St., Dept. AL-4, AMERICA, Dept. A-44, 2003 West Chicago small investment ... operate from home. Customers Rochester 1, New York. Avenue, Chicago 22, Illinois. everywhere—homes, offices, schools, churches, hotels, etc. Enjoy independence ... free from layoffs and bosses. WRITE TODAY for FREE booklet that tells the whole profit story. VON SCHRADER MFG. Co. • 417 "W" PI., Racine, Wis.

MORE BRILLIANT than DIAMONDS says Reader's Di- NEW LURE FOR FISH. A drop or two of IN "STEP" for physical fitness. Automatic Pedometer measures the distance you gest, SatEvePost about this new, man-made Gypsy Fish Bait Oil on live or artificial jewel Titania! settings of only walk on easy-read dial. Guaranteed preci- For your choice bait it twice attractive smell makes as to $12 per carat; a 1-ct man's box 14K ring is only sion instrument, graduated in Vi mile units fish. Tested in fresh and salt water, it's m'lady's 1-ct fishtail a $27. All prices up to 25 miles. Resets to zero. $5.98 ppd. $35; mere been used for still fishing, bait casting, plus tax. for NIRESK INDUSTRIES, INC., Dept. P-SW-1, 10% Write FREE HANDY RING spinning and trolling with great results. SIZE CHART & 48 PAGE FULL COLOR Money back guarantee. $1.98 for one sea- 589 E. Illinois St., Chicago, III. JEWELRY CATALOG. TEN DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE son's supply. WALLING KEITH CHEMI- {'^ CALS, INC., Dept. AL-4, 100 S. 41st St., Ij^nm Lapidary Company Dept. n is Birmingham, Ala. 511 EAST 12 STREET • NEW YORK 9, N. Y.

IN THE ^MOOObyX^PRIVACY OF YOUR OWN HOME PAYMENTS AS LOW AS $5.61 MONTHLY depending on amount borrowed CASH WANT This confidential Borrow-By-Mail per- Amount 24 Monthly sonal plan provides cash for any of Loan Payments

purpose. Borrow in complete privacy $100 $ s 6i by mail no matter where you live. $300 $16.83 Borrow on your good name only. No S500 $27.73 endorsers, no agents will call, no Amount 30 Monthly NEW PUBLICATION tells you where to get SAFE COMFORT. Rupture-Gard gives com- red tape, just fast service. Repay of Loan Payments in convenient monthly payments to free cosmetics, soap, mouthwash, and fort two ways— in body, because no pres- $800 $36.33 fit your needs. Details sent in plain more; lists hundreds of bargain specials sure grips you; in mind, because reducible $1000 $44.39 envelope. obligation. Inquire now! to save you money. Also lists 101 ways inguinal hernia feels so safely supported. No you can earn money right at home. This Suspends from waist. Washable. Satisfac- -/Kyi Plan, Dept. Bargain Directory has mon^y tnck guaran- tion guaranteed. $9.95 ppd. Give waist PAmerican Loan EA-174 City National Bldg., tee. $1.00. BARGAIN DIRECTORY, Dept. measure. KINLEN CO., Dept. AL-44W, 809 | Omaha 2, Nebr. W I AL, P. O. Box 51372, New Orleans, Louisi- Wyandotte, Kansas City 5, Mo. I Name I ana. I | Address

I City .State. Occupation. I J Age

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 57 ——

The AMERICAN LEGION CLASSIFIED

For rates, write to Classified, Inc.

LOO E. Ohio St., Chicago 11, Illinois

BUSINESS & MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES OF INTEREST TO MEN MEN — EARN $6.44 HOUR CASH. No selling. No equipment BEER! WINES 200 gallons homemade legally permitted necessary. No prior experience required. Car furnished. yearly tax free. Tremendous savings. Guaranteed instruc- AMERICAN LEGION Business expenses paid. Fill urgent need for Accident tions $1. Fac ulty Press, 1020 Victoria, Vancouver 6, Can. Investigation specialist your area. Operate from home OF INTEREST TO WOMEN full time or during spare hours. All facts Free. Universal, EARN up to $2.00 hour sewing ready cut materials. CA-4, 6801 Hillcrest. Dallas 5, Texas. Babygay, Warsaw 40, Indiana. EARN BIG MONEY repairing electrical appliances! Learn DRESSES Shoes 39«i; Men's Suits $4.95; trousers in spare time at home. FREE BOOK. Christy Trades School, 24s!; Transworld, 3214 W. Lawrence, Dept. A-4H, Chicago 60625. $1.20. Better used clothing. Free catalog. 164-C, Brooklyn 12, N.Y. SELL Advertising book matches. Write us today: we put HOME TYPING— $75 Weekly Possible! Details, $1.00 (Re- in by return mail; handling complete line ad SHOPPER you business fundable). Research Enterprises, 29-FBX Samoset Road, book matches in demand by every business right in your town! No investment; everything furnished free! Top com- Woburn, Massachusetts. missions daily! Superior Match, Dept. JX-464, 7530 S. HOME TYPING: $65 week possible! Instruction booklet, Greenwood, Chicago, III. 60619. $1. Rutward, 3001 Bryant, Col umbia Station, Ohio. HOW TO BECOME A NOTARY PUBLIC. Free details. Sta- SONG POEMS tioners Exchange, 4000 Evergreen Avenue, Evansville, SONGPOEMS AND SONGS WANTED! Mail to: Tin Pan Alley, Indiana 47711. Inc.^Box 405, Radio City Station , New York 19, N. Y. DRUG SUNDRIES. Nationally advertised "Brands. Vitamins, POEMS NEEDED for songs. Rush poems. Crown Music, etc. Write for FREE catalog. Federal Pharmacal Supply, 49-AM West 32. New York 1.

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MEN! 60 STYLES FOR -D-E F E HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA Eto EEEEEOnly Missile on base of Shitfim Wood (pronounced Chirtim Wood around Huntsville). The sacred gol- Sizes 5 to 13 den wood of Moses used by Israel to build the STAMP COLLECTORS will be interested in Tabernacle and Ark of the Covenant, Exodus 25. adding to their collections this Planets set It is known to grow in the Holy Land and moun- Saturn, only. showing Mars, Venus, Mercury, Men Casual, Not sold tains around Huntsville, Alabama. Over all length, Jupiter, Neptune, etc., included in selec- dress, work shoes 8 inches. $1.98 postpaid. Satisfaction guaranteed. in stores all-mint Latin American sets. that really fit. Send check or money order to: tion of new, ap- Top quality, pop- Available for only 100 (to introduce Catha's Toy And Hobby Center, Box ular prices. Money Write Today proval bargains) from STAMPEX, Heart of Huntsville Shopping Mall, Bock Guarantee. 47-PE, White Plains, N. Y. for FREE CATALOG Huntsville, Alabama.

HITCHCOCK SHOES INC., Hingham 5-C, Mass.

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 — — — -

mmm wmm ts— *-> mmm mm f* — — — — See this gorgeous flowering tree change jrom white to pink to purple in your yard! I Sensational 'Color Changing HYDRANGEA TREE % PRICE Now—in order to secure new customers, we ea * are offering one of nature's "''^^B

most unforgettable sights at Only I 72 the catalog price. Breath- I LH^^B" takingly beautiful "color changing" Hydrangea Trees '3 for $2.00) AMERICAN LEGION (Hyd. P.G.) are covered with '8 for 54.00) masses of gorgeous blooms from summer to late fall —a period of several months. This amazing "color changing" Hydrangea Tree is covered in mid-summer with _ SHOPPER hundreds of snow white flowers—in I August, the flower; turn a beautiful 1 bluish-pink and, finally, in the fall, to a royal — purple. An excellent tree for specimen or orna- R mental planting. Especially nice in groups of three. Easy to grow. Fast growing. You receive choice 2 to 4 foot trees guaranteed to have a strong, vigorous root system. ORDER TODAY!

] While our /2 price sale lasts. SEND NO

MONEY. On delivery, pay $1.00 for I tree,! $2.00 for 3 trees, or $4.00 for 8 trees, plus COD ' charges. On prepaid orders, please add 50$ to s help postage and handling charges. If notl 100% satisfied, we'll gladly refund your pur-" chase price—you don't even have to return the a trees. Free planting booklet included with I every order. '

WESLEY, Nursery Divisl on I HOUSE OF R.R. #1 Dept. 122-57 Bloominngton, III. 61701 Free Gift Send me Hydrangea Trees For immediate orders an DARLING PET MONKEY. Children and PREPAID COD amazing air plar adults love this live Squirrel Monkey, about I 6 months old. Simple to take care of and Name leaf. Lives on air you, to 12 train. Eats same food as grows just pin to a curtain in. Free cage and instructions. Live deliv- I Address ery guaranteed. Send check for $18.95, ex- —sends out 8 to press collect. ANIMAL FARM, Dept. AL-25, ^City State Zip 1 2 tiny new plants. . Box 1042, Miami Beach 39, Florida.

"We have long neglected the mentally ill

This neglect must end."

John F. Kennedy February 5, 1963

Let us carry on

Give for Mental Health

EYEGLASSES NOSE PADS relieve sore spots and ease weight of eyeglasses, prevent glasses from slipping. Easy to apply, yet peel off easily when desired. Flesh- colored foam with adhesive backing. 6 pair $1.00 ppd. (Calif, residents add 4% state U.S. SURPLUS tax). GOV'T COLUMBIA CO., 234 E. Colorado Blvd., Pasadena, Calif. SELLING FOR ONLY A FRACTION OF ORIGINAL COST! THOUSANDS OF ITEMS AVAILABLE FOR ONLY 2c AND 3c EXAMPLES. GOVERNMENT Jeeps $117.00 ON THE DOLLAR. DIRECT FROM Typewriters $8.79 Radios $2.65 Boats $178.00 Airplanes $159.00 Bicycle $5.50 Leather Boots 65c Carbines $20.00 Telescope $4.00 Pass. Bus $208.00 Surplus Bargains, Dept. AL-4 Refrigerator $5.00 P. O. Box 50939, New Orleans 50, La.J Power Mower $7.50 FREE! FREE! FREE! Sections immediately.* Mimeograph $23.00 I enclose $1.00. Se nd both * Separate 52 page section with pictur«$ and will refunded if i money be Generators $2.68 I understand that my pr/cei of more than 600 items you can order ' I am not completely satisfied. Also I and thousands more! DIRECT Is yours free when you tend BY MAIL a full refund with my first order of $10.00 on PLUS a list of 1000 loca $1.00 for the surplut catalog. Examples: more. MARKING ATTACHMENT for tape meas- lions where you can Parachutes Ammunition Boats Walkie- Hoi stars Silverware ures. Measure-Mark-Close Tape in one purchase Surplus Name . Talkies Tents Hand operation. Accurately mark any measure- on the spot! Clothing Tools Grenades Address ment. Replace pencil with other type Full Details- Goggles Boots Gun Racks markers. Attach at spring joint. ppd. Battle Hats Combat and 700 How, Where to _State " " Guns Knives Hundred's City (State for V2 or 3/4 wide tape) SPECIAL Buy Only $1.00 Cots Mint Detectors More Marker on 6 Ft. l/2 " tape $1.25 ppd. Meas- ure Markers, Inc., 231 So. Howes St., FULL PURCHASE PRICE OF $1.00 REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER OF $10.00 OR MORE Fort Collins, Colorado. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • APRIL 1964 59 CALENDAR GIRL Then there was the dumb blonde who sat up all night with a calendar trying to figure PARTING out why all our famous men were born on holidays. Ray Trail

SOCIAL SOPORIFICS SHOTS So What The Heck So what you told the Cop, you think, was clever. So what you told the Boss was kinda hot.

So what we have to answer is, however, "So what?"

Alimentary, My Dear Watson We don't think you care what foods We munch For breakfast, supper, dinner or lanch. So why do you always seem to think We're thrilled to know what you eat ana drink?

Serial Story The time you made on your motor-tour, And the list of places to which you've gone, Bore us to death, but it seems that you're Gonna keep going yawn and yawn. Dams

FRUGAL PHILOSOPHER "Bad news, Bob. Our new deodorant has developed an undesirable side effect." A tightwad is one who is satisfied to let the rest of the world go buy. HISTORY LESSON Chester Marks An elderly lady was among the group of tourists being shown over Lord IM PATIENTLY WAITING Nelson's ship, "The Victory." As the party approached the spot where Lord Nelson met his death, the guide pointed to a brass plate fixed in the Say, Doctor, I don't like to carp deck and said: And I don't mean to whine, I all "This is where Nelson fell." But finished your magazines The old lady was impressed, but not in the right way. In 1939. Henrietta Royce "No wonder!" she exclaimed. "I nearly tripped over that thing myself!" V. D. Palat AUCTION ACTION

An auction is one place where you may BARE FACTS gel something for nodding. A little five-year-old girl could hardly wait to tell her kindergarten John Winters Fleming teacher the news. She rushed up, her face alight, exclaiming: "I can dress myself." "That's fine," smiled the teacher. But as the morning wore on, the little girl kept raising her hand to repeat the tidings and finally, the exasperated teacher had to send her to sit in the corner. Later, while getting some new supplies from a cabinet, she heard a lot of giggling in the class and turned to see the little girl in the corner, her clothes in a heap on the floor in front of her. "I can undress myself, too!" proclaimed the little girl proudly. Dan Bennett

FOREWARNED IS FOREARMED A businessman, who was heavily in debt, brought home an unexpected male guest for dinner. His wife protested, "But the store has refused us any more credit, we've got leftovers for dinner, the roof leaks, I'm ironing. ..." "Perfect," exulted her husband. "Perhaps that will cure this crazy fellow of wanting to get married." K. H. R. Simkin

WHOSE BAD HABIT? The mixed-up husband went to see a marriage counselor. "My wife has a very bad habit," he said. "She stays up until one and two o'clock in the morning and I can't break her of it." "What is she doing all that time?" asked the advisor. "Waiting for me to come home." "Now don't give more than you think Joseph Sai.ak you should."

60 the american legion magazine • april 1964 SEAGRAM DISTILLERS COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY. BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS.

The combination so famous almost everyone knows its nickname

Ifyou don't, just listen at your favorite bar

Say Seagram's and be Sure Camel Time

...

CamelTime is pleasure time!

I%e best tobacco makes the bestsmoke! Camel gives you honest enjoyment, clean-cut taste, easygoing mildness. Moments seem to brighten up every time you light one up.

Make it rPflmelTifllGj right now!

1964 R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, WINSTON-SALEM, N . C.