Bicentennial of the United States Constitution: a Resource Guide
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 310 980 SO 020 216 TITLE Bicentennial of the United States Constitution: A Resource Guide. Supplement II: 1989. The Establishment of the Federal Government and Nation? Defense. INSTITUTION Office of the Spcial Assistant for the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution (Army), Washington, DC REPORT NO PIN-902006-000 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 134p.; For the original resource guide, see ED 299 182; for supplement 1, see ED 302 441. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Armed Forces; *Constitutional History; Military Service; *National Defense; *Presidents of the United States; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Bicentennial; *United States Constitution ABSTRACT The Department of the Army has been chosen to be the executive agent for the Department of Defense (DOD) programs celebrating the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. The DOD commemorative focus is fourfold:(1) to demonstrate the role and relationships of the military in national government; (2) to provide educational and historical lessons for soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, their families, and civilian employees; (3) to instill a sense of the commitment, values, leadership, and public service of the 23 soldier-statesman signers; and (4) to emphasize civilian control over the military. A thorough discussion of the constitutional provisions for the establishment of the first Congress, the Departments of War and Army, and the Office of the President and Commander in Chief is presented. The military service records of the 23 men who served both in the armed services and as president are given, along with a collection of their memorable quotes. The major DOD commemorative programs are: (1) the Constitutional Commitment Program, emphasizing education and oath reaffirmation; (2) the Bicentennial Defense Community Program, listing the participating defense communities; (3) the Exceptional Merit Recognition Program, with a listing of the 76 commemorative programs so chosen; and (4) the Adopt-A-School Program, an investment in enriching the educational process through defense organization participation. Several activities and ceremonies are recommended. Lists of resource materials and commemorative items are provided. A 1989 calendar inscribed with the daily events of the year 1789 is also included. (PPB) ********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** ,Ø%i 11,'flrfV4 I , : I! ,!INlU gi'"11It" " " .. ! ti 0 S " a." I ,,IU 3'3 : '' '' aj9II1fl1! : ::'"iIilI - I!f,s!1 , IIF'" !i;:.,,.t.:i; 1 01 ! ________________________4I ' " h 'JJJf ''I I : : 'I " ' I ______ l. , 'sJ u::WH00' I I 'ii I ,. I . , , I . : 1, ' ' ,tt$ It1 ruU1 IiIiII V dliiLUWllillI1Nflflj I j,Ucr2fauhJlfl "We the People of the UnitedStates, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." As military or civilian representatives of the Armed Forces of the United States, our first official act when we enlist or accept commissions of federal appointments is to swear an oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States. This act makes us unique from most Americans. Why? Because only federal government personnel including military and civilian, as well as elected and appointed officialsswear this oath to support and defend the very fabric of our government and way of life. This, our first duty to the Nation, is stated in the Preamble: "to provide for the common defence." Providing for the common defense is clearly interrelated to the last goal stated in the Preamble of the Constitution which is to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. Most assuredly, these two goals of national defense and liberty relate directly to ensuring a stable world environment under freedom. Telling the great story of the Constitution represents the wisest investment in a future whose generations will continue to understand and appreciate, as well as enjoy, those blessings which have been bestowed upon them during the last two centuries. George Mason, author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, said that if a free people do not look back at their rights and how they secured them, they take the risk of losing them. Understandably, the Department of Defense is committed to telling this great story of liberty and to honoring this magnificent document of freedom. "What is honored ina country will be cultivated there." Plato 1 BICENTENNIAL OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION A RESOURCE GUIDE SUPPLEMENT II: 1989 The Establishment of the Federal Government and National Defense Office of the Special Consultant to the Secretary of the Army for the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution Washington, D.C. 20310-0107 044' cONSTI TO Tiok c44" ci a, 1, 4, >A oe e F. .4. 1. 2. Ts. f: 4 .._., l ,?; O .04, e 4, * 41 *off, 491C EIV T ESTAP'' -"xfchrro Ot Officially Recognized by the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution The purpose of this resource guide supplement is to help commands plan commemorative programs and activities during the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. The Department of the Army has been designated the Executive Agent for the Department of Defense for celebrating the Constitution Bicentennial. Local reproduction of this guide is encouraged. 4 Table of Contents Department of Defense Observance of the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution, 1987-1991 1 Introduction 2 Chapter I- Commemorative Dates 3 Chapter II- Establishment of the First Congress and the Departments of War and Army 6 Chapter DI - Establishment of the Office of the President and Commander in Chief 14 Chapter IV -Soldier-Statesman Presidents of the United States............ 23 Chapter V-Quotations of the Soldier-Statesman Presidents..... ... ...... 29 Chapter VI -Major DoD Commemorative Programs: 49 Constitutional Commitment Program 50 Bicentennial Defense Community Program 51 Exceptional Merit Recognition Program 56 Adopt-A-School Program 73 Chapter VII - Suggested Activities 74 Chapter VIII -"How to" Guides: 80 Oath Reaffirmation Ceremony 81 Tree Planting Ceremony 85 Wreath Laying Ceremony 94 Essay Contest 96 Time Capsule 97 Chapter IX Resource Materials 99 Chapter X - 1989 Bicentennial Calendar 105 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OBSERVANCE OF THE BICENTENNIAL OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION 1987-1991 Thursday, 17 September 1987, marked the beginning of the five-year commemoration of the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. A Presidential Commission has been established to oversee the national commemoration through 1991. Headquarters, Department of the Army, has executive agent responsibility for the Department of Defense program. The plan is to weave the thread of the Constitution throughout various programs and activities conducted during the Bicentennial period to include Armed Forces Day, Service Birthdays, Independence Day, Organization Day, Memorial Day, Veteran's Day, and Constitution Week. The Department of Defense commemorative focus is fourfold: (1) To demonstrate the role and relationships of military in National Government. (2) To provide educational and historical lessons for soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, their families and civilian employees. (3) To instill a sense of commitment, values, leadership, and public service of the 23 Soldier-Statesman Signers. (4) To emphasize civilian control over the military. In 1987, to launch the five-year commemoration, the framing and signing of the Constitution were highlighted with particular focus on twenty-three of the forty signers who were veterans of the Revolutionary War. In 1988, the annual theme focused on ratification of the formidable document, the anniversaries of the statesas they joined the Union, and 200 years of Soldier-Statesman leadership and service in state and local governments. To continue the momentum of the commemoration, the following Department of Defense Bicentennial Year Themes have been established: 1989: The Establishment of the Federal Government and National Defense. In 1789 the first Congress was convened, George Washington was inauguratedas the First President and Commander in Chief, the Department of Warwas established, as were the Department of the Army and the United States Supreme Court. This year's commemorative theme focuses on the Presidents who served in the Armed Forces. 1990: The Establishment of the Judiciary. The first session of the United States Supreme Court was held in 1790. This year's commemorative theme will focus on the role of law, specifically the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and members of the federal and state Judiciary who have served in the military. 1991: The Adoption of the Bill of Rights. The first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified by Congress in 1791. This year focuses on the ratification of the Bill of Rights, the amendment process which makes the Constitution a "living document," and on Soldier-Statesman leadership and service in the Congress during the last two centuries. 1 INTRODUCTION The first two years of the five-year Bicentennial of the United States