DOCSLIB.ORG

Tuesday, February 15, 1994

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

VOLUME 133 NUMBER 022 1st SESSION 35th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, February 15, 1994 Speaker: The Honourable Gilbert Parent HOUSE OF COMMONS Tuesday, February 15, 1994 The House met at 10 a.m. Senate and House of Commons and of the legislative assembly of each province to which the amendment applies; _______________ NOW THEREFORE the House of Commons resolves that an amendment to the Constitution of Canada be authorized to be made by proclamation issued by His Excellency the Governor General under the Great Seal of Canada in accordance with Prayers the schedule hereto. _______________ SCHEDULE AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF CANADA 1. The Schedule to the Prince Edward Island Terms of Union is amended by adding ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS thereto, after the portion that reads ‘‘And such other charges as may be incident to, and connected with, the services [Translation] which by the ‘‘British North America Act, 1867’’ appertain to the General Government, and as are or may be allowed to the other Provinces;’’ BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT the following: Hon. David Anderson (for the Minister of Industry) moved ‘‘That a fixed crossing joining the Island to the mainland may be substituted for the for leave to introduce Bill C–12, an act to amend the Canada steam service referred to in this Schedule; Business Corporations Act and to make consequential amend- That, for greater certainty, nothing in this Schedule prevents the imposition of tolls ments to other acts. for the use of such a fixed crossing between the Island and the mainland, or the private operation of such a crossing.’’ (Motions deemed adopted, bill read for the first time and Citation printed.) 2. This Amendment may be cited as the Constitution Amendment, 1993 (Prince Edward Island). * * * He said: Mr. Speaker, I am happy that you have read a fair [English] portion of the amendment which we intend to discuss today. The amendment is very specific with regard to the terms of reference QUESTIONS ON THE ORDER PAPER between Canada and Prince Edward Island. Mr. Peter Milliken (Parliamentary Secretary to Leader of the Government in the House of Commons): Mr. Speaker, I I apprise the new Speaker, who has just taken his place in the ask that all questions be allowed to stand. chair, that this is a very specific amendment. Therefore I would hope that comments all hon. members make have some rele- The Speaker: Shall all questions stand? vance to the subject matter which we are dealing with and not Some hon. members: Agreed. the broad general topic of constitutional reform. One hundred and thirty years ago the Fathers of Confedera- _____________________________________________ tion gathered in Prince Edward Island and created the concept of Canada. Thanks to their genius Canada has flourished through- GOVERNMENT ORDERS out the 20th century. Today Prince Edward Island seeks a small but significant amendment to its terms of union with Canada. [English] This improvement will create the opportunity for our smallest province to take its rightful place in the 21st century. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND FIXED LINK (1010 ) Hon. David Dingwall (Minister of Public Works and Gov- ernment Services and Minister for the Atlantic Canada On behalf of the Government of Canada I am honoured to Opportunities Agency) moved: place before the House of Commons a formal resolution to amend the terms of union between the Government of Canada WHEREAS section 43 of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides that an amendment to the Constitution of Canada may be made by proclamation issued by the Governor and Prince Edward Island which I am certain all members of this General under the Great Seal of Canada where so authorized by resolutions of the House will want to support in the deliberations to follow. 1343 COMMONS DEBATES February 15, 1994 Government Orders The amendment, albeit short and straightforward, is impor- The agreement is an innovative, prudent and intelligent tant for Prince Edward Island, important for the entire Atlantic approach to the building of public infrastructure. The agreement region and important for Canada. breaks new ground in government–private sector partnerships. Investment of taxpayers’ dollars is limited but also protected. The proposed amendment provides the necessary constitu- tional framework for the replacement of the ferry service The people of Canada will not be responsible for footing the between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick by a bridge bill for delays or cost overruns relating to this initiative. The across the Northumberland Strait. More significantly, the total contribution of the Government of Canada will consist of amendment provides a bridge for the future. 35 subsidy payments to the private sector development. The payments will be made annually at a cost of $42 million indexed The fixed crossing will allow Prince Edward Island to become to inflation. a full partner in Canada’s economy. The fixed crossing will spur Atlantic Canada’s economy in the short term and create real This formula effectively caps the cost and limits to 35 years hope for viable long term economic growth. the financial responsibilities of the Government of Canada to meet its constitutional obligation to the people of Prince Edward Construction of the 13 kilometre concrete bridge means new Island. skills, new technology, new jobs, new enthusiasm and new prospects for the future. By contrast, pursuing the option of the ferry service indefi- nitely would subject the taxpayer to undue and unexpected cost The amendment before Parliament today will allow a project without any reprieve in sight. As was made crystal clear by the to proceed which is fiscally sound and financially responsible, a Prime Minister both in our election red book and in the recent project which represents thoughtful public transportation speech from the throne, the government’s number one priority is policy, a project which sets new standards for environmental job creation. The fixed link and this particular initiative will do review, assessment and management. that. It will create jobs. The federal government is bound by the 1873 terms of union (1015) with Prince Edward Island to provide continuous communica- tions between the island and the mainland. Under the terms of the agreement, 96 per cent of bridge construction jobs will be filled by Atlantic Canadians. In total Since Confederation this obligation has been fulfilled by a over 3,500 jobs will be created in the three and a half year ferry service. The province of Prince Edward Island now wishes construction period. Further, at least 2,000 indirect jobs will be to strengthen, modernize and improve dramatically the means created as a result of spin–offs. That addresses clearly and by which the island is linked continuously with mainland unequivocally the government’s intent with regard to its priority Canada. of job creation. For that reason the federal government and the Government of The contracts also specify that 70 per cent of the total Prince Edward Island signed an agreement committing the two procurement requirements will be provided by Atlantic Cana- governments to make the necessary constitutional change to dians. Given the size and complexity of the undertaking, exten- permit the ferry service to be replaced by a bridge. sive spin–offs will offer Atlantic Canadians the chance to develop new construction, management and environmental The amendment before us today is the last in a series of protection skills. legislative steps required to enable Prince Edward Island to make that move forward. In the spring of 1993 Parliament What is most encouraging is that the economic benefits will debated and then passed Bill C–110, an act respecting the continue to flow long into the future. The tourism industry Northumberland Strait crossing. estimates that once the bridge is in operation, the number of people visiting P.E.I. will increase approximately 25 per cent. It I would be remiss in my opening remarks if I did not pay will open up new opportunities for even more employment in the tribute to those members of my own caucus who participated in vitally important hospitality industry of that province and other that debate and on previous occasion whereby the House deemed provinces as well. it appropriate to pass Bill C–110. The Prince Edward Island trucking industry will benefit to the I want to congratulate all members, some who are present, tune of some $10 million each year in time savings alone. Mr. some who are opposite, who participated in that debate. I wish to Speaker, you are very wise and very learned. I have no doubt you thank them sincerely. are probably a very well travelled individual. If you have taken or perhaps would like to take a trip in the immediate future to In June 1993 the Prince Edward Island legislature passed a Prince Edward Island, you would quickly understand why the resolution authorizing this amendment. In October an agree- trucking association is so much in favour of this initiative. It ment was signed by the federal government and Strait Crossing will decrease the time you will be parked at the ferry side Development Inc. to begin construction of a bridge linking waiting for the boat to transport you to the other side. Not only is Prince Edward Island to mainland Canada. it time saving but it is also an economic saving which will 1344 February 15, 1994 COMMONS DEBATES Government Orders enhance opportunities and provide many spin–offs for that to do. I cannot stress too strongly that the overall effect of the sector of our economy. bridge will be many immediate and long–term benefits. The bridge will contribute to an increasingly dynamic economy for The bridge will provide much greater certainty and reliability those of us who reside in Atlantic Canada.
Recommended publications
  • The Trajectory of Three Marketing Boards in Canada: Gone, Going… and Curiously Persistent

    The Trajectory of Three Marketing Boards in Canada: Gone, Going… and Curiously Persistent

    The Trajectory of Three Marketing Boards in Canada: Gone, Going… and Curiously Persistent BRYAN P. SCHWARTZ INTRODUCTION overnment operated single-desk marketing boards were a feature of the Canadian agricultural economy for much of the 20th and G 21st centuries. However, their future viability and existence is now the subject of increasing criticism and doubt. This essay seeks to explain general trends by comparing and contrasting the past, present, and projected future of three schemes: the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation (FFMC), and the Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC). At one time the CWB was the largest grain marketing board in the world1, but after briefly being reduced to an option for producers as a dual-desk marketing board, the CWB has now been fully privatized. The FFMC has lost exclusive control in many jurisdictions, most recently ceasing to operate as a single-desk entity in Manitoba, and now operating as a single-desk only in the Northwest Territories. At the same time, the CDC continues to persevere despite both international pressure from partners to new free trade agreements that seek to reduce its authority, and domestic criticism that it is inefficient, hurts the disadvantaged, and stifles innovation. Professor and Asper Chair in International Business and Trade Law, Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, Co-Editor-in-Chief, Manitoba Law Journal. 1 Brian Mayes, “Blame Canada: American Trade Complaints against the Canadian Wheat Board” (2002) 2 Asper Rev of Intl Bus and Trade L 135 at 135 [Mayes]. Three Marketing Boards in Canada 161 This essay reviews the theory of marketing boards and then compares the histories of the three different boards, the current developments in their operation, and the likely future of the boards or their successors.
  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Fulfilling the Susan Whelan Promise: the Role for Public Disclosure Authorized 2003 Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture Agricultural Research CGIAR Public Disclosure Authorized Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is a strategic alliance of countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations supporting 16 international agricultural research Centers that work with national agricultural systems, the private sector and civil society. The alliance mobilizes agricultural science to reduce poverty, foster human well-being, promote agricultural growth, and protect the environment. The CGIAR generates global public goods which are available to all. www.cgiar.org Fulfilling the Promise: the Role for Agricultural Research By Susan Whelan Minister for International Cooperation Canada 2003 Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Nairobi, Kenya October 29, 2003 02 Ministers, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Bonjour. Buenos Dias. Hamjambuni. Many distinguished speakers have stood behind this podium since the inaugural Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture in 1985. It is with a sense of humility that I accept the honor to be numbered among them. As I do so, I would like to thank the Government of Australia for sponsoring this lecture and take a minute to reflect on the life and work of Sir John and on the reasons why funds, prizes and at least two lectures have been named in his honor. 03 I have not had the privilege of a personal acquaintance with Sir John. However, I admire the simple yet noble and profound proposition or objective on which this great gentleman built his sterling contribution to international development.
  • Thursday, February 1, 2001

    Thursday, February 1, 2001

    CANADA VOLUME 137 S NUMBER 004 S 1st SESSION S 37th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Thursday, February 1, 2001 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire'' at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 67 HOUSE OF COMMONS Thursday, February 1, 2001 The House met at 10 a.m. protection of employees in the public service who make allega- tions in good faith respecting wrongdoing in the public service. _______________ He said: Mr. Speaker, the purpose of the bill is to protect the Prayers members of the Public Service of Canada who blow the whistle in _______________ good faith for wrongdoing in the public service, such as reports of waste, fraud, corruption, abuse of authority, violation of law or D (1005 ) threats to public health or safety. The public interest is served when employees are free to make such reports without fear of retaliation [English] and discrimination. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Therefore, I am very pleased to introduce my private member’s The Speaker: I have the honour to inform the House that a bill, entitled an act respecting the protection of employees in the message has been received from the Senate informing this House public service who make allegations in good faith respecting that the Senate has passed certain bills, to which the concurrence of wrongdoing in the public service. this House is desired. (Motions deemed adopted, bill read the first time and printed) _____________________________________________ * * * ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS ACT [Translation] Mr.
  • The Limits to Influence: the Club of Rome and Canada

    The Limits to Influence: the Club of Rome and Canada

    THE LIMITS TO INFLUENCE: THE CLUB OF ROME AND CANADA, 1968 TO 1988 by JASON LEMOINE CHURCHILL A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2006 © Jason Lemoine Churchill, 2006 Declaration AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation is about influence which is defined as the ability to move ideas forward within, and in some cases across, organizations. More specifically it is about an extraordinary organization called the Club of Rome (COR), who became advocates of the idea of greater use of systems analysis in the development of policy. The systems approach to policy required rational, holistic and long-range thinking. It was an approach that attracted the attention of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Commonality of interests and concerns united the disparate members of the COR and allowed that organization to develop an influential presence within Canada during Trudeau’s time in office from 1968 to 1984. The story of the COR in Canada is extended beyond the end of the Trudeau era to explain how the key elements that had allowed the organization and its Canadian Association (CACOR) to develop an influential presence quickly dissipated in the post- 1984 era. The key reasons for decline were time and circumstance as the COR/CACOR membership aged, contacts were lost, and there was a political paradigm shift that was antithetical to COR/CACOR ideas.
  • Tuesday, March 27, 2001

    Tuesday, March 27, 2001

    CANADA 1st SESSION · 37th PARLIAMENT · VOLUME 139 · NUMBER 20 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, March 27, 2001 THE HONOURABLE DAN HAYS SPEAKER CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue.) Debates and Publications: Chambers Building, Room 943, Tel. 996-0193 Published by the Senate Available from Canada Communication Group — Publishing, Public Works and Government Services Canada, Ottawa K1A 0S9, Also available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 438 THE SENATE Tuesday, March 27, 2001 The Senate met at 2 p.m., the Speaker in the Chair. champions. With one more step to climb, albeit a steep one, their dream of a world championship became a reality Saturday night Prayers. in Ogden, Utah. With Islanders in the stands and hundreds of others watching on television at the Silver Fox Curling Club in Summerside, SENATORS’ STATEMENTS these young women put on a show that was at once both inspiring and chilling. It was certainly a nervous time for everyone because those of us who have been watching all week QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE knew that the team Canada was playing in the finals was not only the defending world champion but the same team that had UNEQUAL TREATMENT OF SENATORS—NOTICE defeated Canada earlier in the week during the round robin. With steely determination, the young Canadian team overcame that The Hon. the Speaker: Honourable senators, I wish to inform mental obstacle and earned the world championship in the you that, in accordance with rule 43(3) of the Rules of the Senate, process. the Clerk of the Senate received, at 10:52 this morning, written notice of a question of privilege by the Honourable Senator The welcome the Canadian team received last night on their Carney, P.C.
  • Francis Andrew Brewin, “He Who Would Valiant Be”: the Makings of a Canadian Anglican Christian Socialist

    Francis Andrew Brewin, “He Who Would Valiant Be”: the Makings of a Canadian Anglican Christian Socialist

    Francis Andrew Brewin, “He Who Would Valiant Be”: The Makings of a Canadian Anglican Christian Socialist JOHN BREWIN1 Francis Andrew Brewin (1907-1983) was a formative figure in the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and later in the New Democratic Party. He helped to shape a party that shaped Canada. FAB, as I shall refer to him, was a lifelong “practising” Anglican. He represented a significant Anglican contribution to the Canadian polity. His religious sensibilities led to his decision to join the CCF in 1935 and determined the nature of his participation. This paper focuses on FAB’s decision to join the CCF, and examines the cultures that interacted to produce that decision. It will be argued that his religion and his politics were completely integrated. In his context it made sense for FAB to become a democratic socialist of the Canadian variety. The paper’s methodology is influenced by the approach of Clifford Geertz, as described by Aletta Biersack.2 The decision by FAB to join and to become active in the CCF is best understood as a cultural event, the convergence of cultures that gave FAB his world-view and informed his actions. I will, therefore, look at each of the main sources of FAB’s cultural perspective. In revisiting the way in which one Christian of a particular tradition responded to the problems of his day, one might glimpse how we might respond to the almost overwhelming social, economic and environmental challenges of our own day. Historical Papers 2000: Canadian Society of Church History 74 The Makings of a Canadian Anglican Christian Socialist Family FAB’s family background was very English and very Canadian.
  • New NDP Vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford

    New NDP Vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford

    Labour / Le Travail ISSUE 85 (2020) ISSN: 1911-4842 REVIEW ESSAY / NOTE CRITIQUE New NDP vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford David McGrane, The New NDP: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2019) Roberta Lexier, Stephanie Bangarth & Jon Weier, eds., Party of Conscience: The CCF, the NDP, and Social Democracy in Canada (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2018) Did you know that after Jack Layton took over as its leader in 2003, the federal New Democratic Party became as committed to the generation and dissemination of opposition research, or “oppo research,” as its major rivals in the federal party system? Indeed, the ndp takes the prize for being “the first federal party to set up stand alone websites specifically to attack opponents, now a common practice.”1 The ndp’s continuing embrace of “oppo research” as a means of challenging the credibility of its political rivals was on display during the final days of the 2019 federal election campaign. Facing a strong challenge from Green Party candidates in ridings in the southern part of Vancouver Island, the ndp circulated a flyer that attacked the Green Party for purportedly sharing “many Conservative values,” including being willing to “cut services [that] families need” and to fall short of “always defend[ing] the right to access a safe abortion.” Needless to say, the ndp’s claims were based on a very slanted interpretation of the evidence pulled together by its researchers 1. David McGrane, The New ndp: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing (Vancouver: ubc Press, 2019), 98.
  • Accession No. 1986/428

    Accession No. 1986/428

    -1- Liberal Party of Canada MG 28 IV 3 Finding Aid No. 655 ACCESSION NO. 1986/428 Box No. File Description Dates Research Bureau 1567 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - British Columbia, Vol. I July 1981 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Saskatchewan, Vol. I and Sept. 1981 II Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Alberta, Vol. II May 20, 1981 1568 Liberal Caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - Manitoba, Vols. II and III 1981 Liberal caucus Research Bureau Briefing, Book - British Columbia, Vol. IV 1981 Elections & Executive Minutes 1569 Minutes of LPC National Executive Meetings Apr. 29, 1979 to Apr. 13, 1980 Poll by poll results of October 1978 By-Elections Candidates' Lists, General Elections May 22, 1979 and Feb. 18, 1980 Minutes of LPC National Executive Meetings June-Dec. 1981 1984 General Election: Positions on issues plus questions and answers (statements by John N. Turner, Leader). 1570 Women's Issues - 1979 General Election 1979 Nova Scotia Constituency Manual Mar. 1984 Analysis of Election Contribution - PEI & Quebec 1980 Liberal Government Anti-Inflation Controls and Post-Controls Anti-Inflation Program 2 LIBERAL PARTY OF CANADA MG 28, IV 3 Box No. File Description Dates Correspondence from Senator Al Graham, President of LPC to key Liberals 1978 - May 1979 LPC National Office Meetings Jan. 1976 to April 1977 1571 Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador St. John's West (Nfld) Riding Profiles St. John's East (Nfld) Riding Profiles Burin St. George's (Nfld) Riding Profiles Humber Port-au-Port-St.
  • Québec and a Deputy Sergeant-At-Arms

    Québec and a Deputy Sergeant-At-Arms

    Legislative Reports Québec and a Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms. Daniel Lavoie, National Assembly Proceedings Assistant Director of Security, will act as Associate Sergeant-at-Arms for security. He will be in charge of Visit of Kathleen Wynne, Premier of Ontario the “security” component that has traditionally been under the responsibility of the Sergeant-at-Arms. The President of the National Assembly, Jacques Gilles Jourdain will continue carrying out the duties Chagnon, welcomed the Premier of Ontario, Kathleen of Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms in close collaboration Wynne, to the National Assembly on September 21. At with Ms. Durepos. the invitation of Québec Premier Philippe Couillard, Ms. Wynne addressed the Québec parliamentarians Bills Passed in the House. This was the first time that the head of government of a Canadian province took the floor in Since the resumption of proceedings, the National the Québec National Assembly Chamber. Assembly has passed Bill 121, An Act to increase the autonomy and powers of Ville de Montréal, the metropolis of Ms. Wynne was in the national capital for the Québec, which, among other things, changes the title of seventh joint meeting of the Cabinet ministers of both the Charter of Ville de Montréal to “Charter of Ville de governments. Several topics of common interest were Montréal, Metropolis of Québec,” as well as Bill 137, An addressed during this meeting, which took place in Act respecting the Réseau électrique métropolitain, whose Québec City on September 22. purpose is to facilitate the construction and operation of a new shared transportation infrastructure publicly New Sergeant-at-Arms at the National Assembly announced as the “Réseau électrique métropolitain.” Work in the Blue Room resumed on September Rulings and Directives from the Chair 19, 2017, with a first.
  • Core 1..146 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 8.00)

    Core 1..146 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 8.00)

    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 140 Ï NUMBER 098 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 38th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Friday, May 13, 2005 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire´´ at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 5957 HOUSE OF COMMONS Friday, May 13, 2005 The House met at 10 a.m. Parliament on February 23, 2005, and Bill C-48, an act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments, shall be disposed of as follows: 1. Any division thereon requested before the expiry of the time for consideration of Government Orders on Thursday, May 19, 2005, shall be deferred to that time; Prayers 2. At the expiry of the time for consideration of Government Orders on Thursday, May 19, 2005, all questions necessary for the disposal of the second reading stage of (1) Bill C-43 and (2) Bill C-48 shall be put and decided forthwith and successively, Ï (1000) without further debate, amendment or deferral. [English] Ï (1010) MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE The Speaker: Does the hon. government House leader have the The Speaker: I have the honour to inform the House that a unanimous consent of the House for this motion? message has been received from the Senate informing this House Some hon. members: Agreed. that the Senate has passed certain bills, to which the concurrence of this House is desired. Some hon. members: No. Mr. Jay Hill (Prince George—Peace River, CPC): Mr.
  • The Plot Against Plain Packaging

    The Plot Against Plain Packaging

    The Plot Against Plain Packaging How multinational tobacco companies colluded to use trade arguments they knew were phoney to oppose plain packaging. And how health ministers in Canada and Australia fell for their chicanery. Physicians for Smoke-Free Canada 1226A Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 1R1 www.smoke-free.ca April, 2008 (version 2) The government recognizes that lower taxes and therefore lower prices for legally purchased cigarettes may prompt some people, particularly young Canadians, to smoke more. That is why the government will take strong action to discourage smoking, including legislated and regulatory changes to ban the manufacture of kiddie packs targeted at young buyers, raise the legal age for purchasing cigarettes, increase fines for the sale of cigarettes to minors, drastically restrict the locations for vending machines, and make health warnings on tobacco packaging more effective. We will also examine the feasibility of requiring plain packaging of cigarettes and will also ask the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health to make recommendations in this area. We are also launching immediately a comprehensive public education campaign including a national media campaign to make young people aware of the harmful effects of smoking; new efforts to reach families, new parents and others who serve as role models for children; support of school education programs; increased efforts to reach young women who are starting Prime Minister Jean Chrétien House of Commons February 8, 1994. TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNOPSIS .......................................................................................... 2 PROLOGUE: TOBACCO IN THE WINTER OF 1994 ................................. 3 ACT 1: A NEW IDEA FOR HEALTH PROTECTION ................................. 7 Scene 1: The health side sets the stage.................................................
  • Canada's Greek Moment: Transnational Politics, Activists, and Spies During

    Canada's Greek Moment: Transnational Politics, Activists, and Spies During

    CANADA’S GREEK MOMENT: TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS, ACTIVISTS, AND SPIES DURING THE LONG SIXTIES CHRISTOPHER GRAFOS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO DECEMBER 2016 © CHRISTOPHER GRAFOS, 2016 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Greek immigrant homeland politics during the period of Greece’s military dictatorship, 1967 to 1974, in Toronto and Montreal. It carefully considers the internal dynamics of anti-junta activism in Canada’s Greek populations, but it also contemplates the meanings of external perceptions, particularly from the Canadian state and Canadian public discourse. The study acknowledges the dominant paradigm of Greek immigrants as unskilled workers, however, it demonstrates that this archetype is not monolithic. In many ways, it is challenged by a small number of Greeks who possessed skills to write letters to politicians, create petitions, organize public rallies, and politically mobilize others. At the same time, this dissertation carefully considers Canada’s social and political environment and shows how uniquely Canadian politics ran parallel to and informed Greek homeland politics. Transnationalism is used as an analytical tool, which challenges the meaning of local/national borders and the perception that they are sealed containers. The main argument expressed here is that environments shape movements and migrant political culture does not develop in a vacuum. Each chapter deals with specific nuances of anti-junta activism in Toronto and Montreal. Chapter One examines the organized voices of the Greek community’s anti-dictatorship movement. The chapter’s latter section looks at how the Panhellenic Liberation Movement (PAK), led by Andreas Papandreou, consolidated itself as the main mouthpiece against Greece’s authoritarian regime.