28968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

LEGISLATION TO AMEND THE PAS­ country represent just a part of the total pic­ portion is the relatively modest budget pro­ SIVE LOSS RULES AND TO PRO­ ture of a sclerotic American economy. posal submitted to Congress by the President. VIDE PREFERENTIAL CAPITAL ECONOMIC CATASTROPHE In the last few months, speaker after speak­ GAINS TREATMENT FOR CER­ Congress has already appropriated $160 bil­ er has come to the floor of the House to argue TAIN ASSETS lion for the S&L cleanup. The House Banking that there is a crisis in the real estate industry Committee is preparing legislation to funnel wrought by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. In the HON. E. CLAY SHAW, JR. another $80 billion into the effort, and it surely desire to kill the tax shelter industry, the 1986 OF FLORIDA will not stop there. The cleanup effort, al­ Tax Act automatically deemed all losses from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though unfortunately necessary, amounts to a rental real estate to be passive, regardless of the level and commitment of the owners' in­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 bandaid at best. There are many causes for the S&L catas­ volvement in the rental real estate business. Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, today, we face a trophe-regulatory failure, negligent congres­ At the same time, income from real estate ac­ critical juncture in the Nation's economic sional oversight, and a host of others. One tivities, such as development, construction, course. With the September unemployment major reason is the depression in the real es­ management, leasing, and brokerage of real figures showing modest but promising im­ tate industry, caused in large part by the plum­ property, is treated as active income. provement, the Federal budget deficit main­ met in values resulting from the 1986 tax Since passive losses cannot be deducted tains its spiral almost unhindered. I am intro­ changes. against nonpassive income, people in the real ducing legislation to address a crisis that Now the values of the real estate that the estate business are taxed on the gross in­ threatens prospects for a swift and sound eco­ RTC is trying to sell remain depressed be­ come of their overall real estate business op­ nomic recovery. This bill, directed at a dis­ cause Congress will not act to correct past erations and not on their net income. This dis­ tressed industry and depressed property val­ mistakes. Absent congressional action, the cri­ criminatory treatment of real estate entre­ ues, will assist a vital and broad segment of sis is likely to grow worse. preneurs differs radically from the treatment of the U.S. economy-and it will get people back Commercial banks are also at risk. The Wall all other businesses in America. In all other to work. Street Journal reported this summer that of cases, losses are considered to be passive ECONOMIC GROWTH $77.6 billion of commercial banks' only if the taxpayer does not materially partici­ Both Houses of Congress have expended nonperforming loans at yearend, greater than pate in the activity that produces them. an enormous amount of energy trying to ease half are either real estate loans gone sour or The 1986 Tax Act was zealous almost be­ the burden borne by the Nation's unemployed. delinquent commercial and consumer loans yond imagination in its attack on the tax shel­ There has been sharp disagreement among secured with real estate. William Seidman has ter industry. Like over 300 of our colleagues the Members of this body over the best way stated flatly, according to the Washington who have already announced their support for to help these people. Frankly, I want to com­ Post, that the principal reason for the severe passive loss relief, what I propose is not a re­ mend those Members on all sides of the issue decline in the bank insurance fund "is the pre­ turn to the tax shelter industry but a return to who have labored to find a solution. cipitous decline in commercial and investment tax fairness. Although the September unemployment real estate values eating away at bank port­ But as almost anyone whose life and liveli­ numbers indicate that the economy is moving folios in many parts of the country." hood have been destroyed or perched on the in the right direction, improvement is too slow. precipice of disaster by the collapse of the real And the sad fact is that Congress has done ECONOMIC SENSE estate industry can tell you, passive loss relief nothing to create employment. Not only that, It is imperative that Members of Congress is only part of the problem. As much as we but Congress has had a great deal to do with seeking to legislate sound economic policy need it, it is no panacea for the ills of the in­ creating unemployment. consider the Federal budget impact of any leg­ dustry. Within the last few days it seems that tax islative action. But those who argue that legis­ The 1986 Tax Act also eliminated the pref­ relief and economic growth packages have be­ lation providing much-needed relief for the real erential tax treatment accorded capital gains, come the popular thing to do, all the rage as estate industry would raise or lose a certain another of the act's assaults on the viability of some would say. While they may be politically amount of tax dollars over a 5-year period are the real estate industry. I seriously regret the popular, I am concerned that many of the so­ reading only half the story. particularly partisan nature of the debate sur­ called growth plans are too broad to achieve Stated simply, the legislation I am proposing rounding this issue over the last 2 years. The maximum effectiveness. The Nation needs will get a large number of the unemployed fact of the matter is that robbing real estate of Congress to focus on specific areas of the back to work. Not only that, it will reduce the the capital gains treatment accorded it under economy that deserve relief. What we do not cost of the S&L cleanup, and it will help pre­ prior law robbed properties of much of the need is an ill-conceived shotgun solution. vent a similar catastrophe with commercial value that is needed to pull the industry out of In the housing and construction industries banks. The real economic savings to the Fed­ depression. alone, just a segment of the economy, close eral Government and ultimately to the tax­ I think there is no question that a capital to 500,000 net jobs were lost from June 1990 payers may be incalculable, but are undeni­ gains tax cut would restore some of the value to July 1991. The bulk of this hit those in of­ ably real. to properties that have suffered horribly over fice and nonresidential construction. Addition­ A great many Americans believe that Mem­ the last few years. Federal Reserve Chairman ally, the National Association of Home Build­ bers of Congress act as though they lived in Alan Greenspan has stated that "there's no ers, a group that represents the residential some kind of never-never land. It is time for question in my mind that a capital-gains tax construction industry, estimates that some Congress to show the American people that cut would be helpful with respect to the issue 690,000 builders are now out of work. The we can recognize economic reality. of property values and economic growth." reason? Housing starts in 1991, according to REAL ESTATE RECOVERY AND EMPLOYMENT ACT (Wall Street Journal, Jan. 25, 1991.) the Washington Post, have fallen to their low­ My legislation, the Real Estate Recovery Most studies show that the cost of capital in est level since 1946. and Employment Act, combines passive loss the United States is higher than in other coun­ If we want to legislate responsibly, why do relief with a reduction in capital gains tax tries. Taxation affects the cost of capital be­ we hesitate to do something to get individuals rates. There is nothing new in this bill. The cause, in the words of a report by the Joint in such key industries back to work? These in­ passive loss relief comes from the legislation Committee on Taxation, "it creates a wedge dividuals represent just one segment of unem­ introduced by MIKE ANDREWS of Texas and between the return investors receive and the ployed Americans, and the unemployed in this BILL THOMAS of California. The capital gains actual returns on investments. The larger the

•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. _.---. ·-.-.r-~ ... -· - -~ ....,..r..,...... ----. •

October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28969 tax wedge, the higher is the required return on (2) Paragraph (4) of such section 469(c) is (2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol­ investments." (Joint Committee on Taxation, amended to read as follows: lowing new paragraph: Factors Affecting the International Competi­ "(4) MATERIAL PARTICIPATION NOT REQUIRED "(6) any collectible (within the meaning of FOR PARAGRAPH (3).-Pargraph (3) shall be ap­ section 408(m)(2))." tiveness of the United States, p. 53 (1991 ).) plied without regard to whether or not the (c) MINIMUM TAX.-Section 57(a) of such If we reduce the cost of capital in this coun­ taxpayer materially participates in the ac­ Code is amended by adding at the end thereof try, we will increase the amount of invest­ tivity." the following new paragraph: ment-period. Jf we increase the amount of in­ (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments "(8) CAPITAL GAINS.-ln the case of a tax­ vestment, we will increase the number of jobs made by this section shall apply to taxable payer other than a corporation, the deduc­ for Americans. If we create enough jobs, we years beginning after December 31, 1991. tion under section 1202 for the taxable year." SEC. 2. CAPITAL GAINS DIFFERENTIAL FOR INDI­ (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.- will not have an unemployment problem. Mr. (1) Section 1 of such Code is amended by Speaker, I urge my colleagues to cosponsor VIDUALS. (a) IN GENERAL.-Part I of subchapter P of striking subsection (h). this legislation and I urge its prompt consider­ chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of (2) Section 62(a) of such Code is amended ation and passage by the House. 1986 (relating to treatment of capital gains) by adding after paragragh (13) the following H.R.- is amended by inserting after section 1201 new paragraph: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ the following new section: "(14) LONG-TERM CAPITAL GAINS.-The de­ resentatives of the United States of America in "SEC. 1202. DEDUCTION FOR CAPITAL GAINS. duction allowed by section 1202." Congress assembled, (3) Subparagraph (B) of section 170(e)(l) of "(a) DEDUCTION ALLOWED.-If for any tax­ such Code is amended by inserting "100 per­ SECTION 1. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN REAL ES. able year a taxpayer other than a corpora­ TATE ACTMTIES UNDER PASSIVE tion has a net capital gain, there shall be al­ cent minus the percentage described in each LOSS RULES. of the paragraphs of section 1201(a), which lowed as a deduction from gross income an ever is applicable, of" before "the amount of (a) IN GENERAL.-Subsection (c) of section amount equal to the sum of- gain". 469 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (re­ "(1) 30 percent of the lesser of­ lating to passive activity losses and credits "(A) the net capital gain, or (4) Section 172(d)(2) of such Code (relating limited) is amended by adding at the end the "(B) the qualified 3-year net capital gain, to modifications with respect to net operat­ following new paragraphs: plus ing loss deduction) is amended to read as fol­ "(7) TAXPAYERS ENGAGED IN THE REAL PROP­ "(2) 20 percent of the excess (if any) of­ lows: ERTY BUSINESS.-In the case of a taxpayer en­ "(A) the net capital gain, over "(2) CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES OF TAX­ gaged in the real property business, the de­ "(B) the qualified 2-year net capital gain, PAYERS OTHER THAN CORPORATIONS.-In the termination of what constitutes an activity reduced by the amount taken into account case of a taxpayer other than a corporation- and whether an activity is a passive activity under paragraph (1), plus "(A) the amount deductible on account of shall be made by treating the taxpayer's "(3) 10 percent of the excess (if any) of­ losses from sales or exchanges of capital as­ rental real property operations, undertak­ "(A) the net capital gain, over sets shall not exceed the amount includible ings and activities in the same manner as "(B) the amounts taken into account under on account of gains from sales or exchanges nonrental trade or business operations, un­ paragraphs (1) and (2). of capital assets; and dertakings, and activities. "(b) QUALIFIED NET CAPITAL GAIN.-For "(B) the deduction for long-term capital "(8) INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN THE REAL purposes of subsection (a)- gains provided by section 1202 shall not be al­ PROPERTY BUSINESS.-For purposes of para­ "(1) QUALIFIED 3-YEAR NET CAPITAL GAIN.­ lowed." graph (7), an individual is engaged in the real The term 'qualified 3-year net capital gain' (5) Subparagraph (B) of section 172(d)(4) of property business if- means the amount of net capital gain which such Code is amended by inserting ", (2)(B)," "(A) such individual spends at least 50 per­ would be computed for any taxable year if, in after "paragraph (1)". cent of such individual's working time in determining net long-term capital gain for (6)(A) Section 220 of such Code (relating to real property operations; and such taxable year, only capital assets held cross reference) is amended to read as fol­ "(B) such individual spends more than 500 by the taxpayer for at least 3 years at the lows: hours during the taxable year in real prop­ time of the sale or exchange were taken into "SEC. 220. CROSS REFERENCES. erty operations. account. "(1) For deduction for long-term capital "(9) REAL PROPERTY OPERATIONS.-For pur­ "(2) QUALIFIED 2-YEAR NET CAPITAL GAIN.­ gains in the case of a taxpayer other than a poses of paragraph (8), the term 'real prop­ The term 'qualified 2-year net capital gain' corporation, see section 1202. erty operations' means any real property de­ means the amount of net capital gain which "(2) For deductions in respect of a dece­ velopment, redevelopment, construction, re­ would be computed for any taxable year if, in dent, see section 691." construction, acquisition, conversion, rental, determining net long-term capital gain for (B) The table of sections for part VII of operation, management, leasing, brokerage, such taxable year, only capital assets held subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is appraisal, and finance operations. by the taxpayer for at least 2 years but less amended by striking "reference" in the item "(10) WORKING TIME.-For purposes of para­ than 3 years at the time of the sale or ex­ relating to section 220 and inserting "ref­ graph (8), the term 'working time' means change were taken into account. erences". any time spent as an employee, sole propri­ "(c) ESTATES AND TRUSTS.-ln the case of (7) Paragraph (4) of section 642(c) of such etor, S corporation shareholder, partner in a an estate or trust, the deduction under sub­ Code is amended to read as follows: partnership, or beneficiary of a trust or es­ section (a) shall be computed by excluding "(4) ADJUSTMENTS.-To the extent that the tate. the portion (if any) of the gains for the tax­ amour/ otherwise allowable as a deduction "(11) CLOSELY HELD C CORPORATIONS EN­ able year from sa! es or exchanges of capital under ~his subsection consists of gain from GAGED IN THE REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS.-For assets which, under section 652 and 662 (relat­ the sale or exchange of capital assets held purposes of paragraph (7), a closely held C ing to inclusions of a.mounts in gross income for more than 1 year, proper adjustment corporation is engaged in the real property of beneficiaries of trusts), is includible by shall be made for any deduction allowable to business if- the income beneficiaries as gain derived the estate or trust under section 1202 (relat­ "(A) 1 or more shareholders owning stock from the sale or exchange of capital assets. ing to deduction for excess of capital gains representing more than 50 percent (by value) "(d) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS.- over capital losses). In the case of a trust, of the outstanding stock of such corporation "(!) SALES AND EXCHANGES DURING 1991.-In the deduction allowed by this subsection materially participate in the aggregate real the case of sales and exchanges after Sep­ shall be subject to section 681 (relating to property activities of such corporation; or tember 30, 1991, and before January 1, 1992, unrelated business income)." "(B) such corporation meets the require­ subsection (a) shall be applied by substitut­ (8) Paragraph (3) of section 643(a) of such ments of section 465(c)(7)(C) (without regard ing '30 percent' for each of the percentages Code is amended by adding at the end thereof to clause (iv)) with respect to the aggregate contained in paragraphs (2) and (3) thereof. the following new sentence: "The deduction real property activities of such corporation." "(2) SALES AND EXCHANGES DURING 1992.-ln under section 1202 (relating to deduction for (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.- the case of sales and exchanges during 1992, excess of capital gains over capital losses) (1) Paragraph (2) of section 469(c) of such subsection (a) shall be applied- shall not be taken into account." Code is amended to read as follows: "(A) by substituting '30 percent' for '20 per­ (9) Paragraph (4) of section 691(c) of such "(2) PASSIVE ACTIVITY INCLUDES CERTAIN cent' in paragraph (2) thereof, and Code is amended by striking "l(h), 1201, and RENTAL ACTIVITIES.-Except for rental activi­ "(B) by substituting '20 percent' for '10 per­ 1211" and inserting "1201, 1202, and 1211, and ties treated in the same manner as nonrental cent' in paragraph (3) thereof." for purposes of section 57(a)(8)". trade or business activities pursuant to para­ (b) CAPITAL ASSETS NOT To INCLUDE COL­ (10) Clause (iii) of section 852(b)(3)(D) of graph (7), each rental activity is a passive LECTIBLES.-Section 1221 of such Code is such Code is amended by striking "66 per­ activity without regard to whether or not amended by- cent" and inserting "the rate differential the taxpayer materially participates in the (1) by striking the period at the end of portion (within the meaning of section rental activity." paragraph (5) and inserting "; and'', and 904(b)(3)(E))". 28970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 (11) The second sentence of paragraph (2) of THE EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE ened by budget cuts. The preliminary results section 871(a) of such Code is amended by in­ SYSTEM IS BEING OVERWHELMED of a recent city-wide study of the ambulance serting "such gains and losses shall be deter­ service suggest that fewer than 1 % of pa­ mined without regard to section 1202 (relat­ tients with a cardiac arrest who are trans­ ing to deduction for excess of capital gains HON. CHARLFS B. RANGEL ported by EMS survive to leave the hospital. over capital losses) and" after "except that". OF NEW YORK These results compare unfavorably to (12) Section 1402(i)(l) is amended to read as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many other large urban centers in the U.S. follows: Better ambulance response times and earlier Tuesday, October 29, 1991 application of an electrical shock "(l) IN GENERAL.-ln determining the net Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, As chairman of (defibrillation) to the heart can potentially earnings from self-employment of any op­ the emergency room crisis caucus, I have ad­ save the lives of thousands of New Yorkers tions dealer or commodities dealer- each year. Better organization and greater dressed this body several times about the cooperation among the city's uniformed "(A) notwithstanding subsection (a)(3)(A), grave situation faced by our Nation's emer­ there shall not be excluded any gain or loss services, not more spending, is the logical (in the normal course of the taxpayer's ac­ gency departments. All of our society's ills are first step toward realizing this goal. Unfortu­ tivity of dealing in or trading section 1256 manifested in the emergency department: nately, the reform of our emergency-care contracts) from section 1256 contracts or homelessness, drug abuse, AIDS. The emer­ system doesn't seem to be a high priority; property related to such contracts, and gency health care system is being over­ attempts to improve it have floundered due to competing political agendas, and city offi­ "(B) the deduction provided by section 1202 whelmed and often is not able to adequately treat people coming through the hospital cials have been unable to agree on a common shall not apply." approach. doors. But this crisis is not limited to drug ad­ (13) Section 1445(e)(l) is amended by strik­ A thorough overhaul of the system is long ing "34 percent (or, to the extent provided in dicts or AIDS sufferers. Everyone's health is overdue; further delay could be disastrous. regulations, 28 percent)" and inserting "34 threatened by the strain placed on emergency As the cold weather approaches, the need for percent (or, to the extent provided in regula­ departments. In New York City, a lawyer emergency care will intensify and over­ tions, the alternative tax rate determined needlessly died of a heart attack not treated in crowding will increase. The recent institu­ under section 904(b)(3)(E)(iii))". time; a student died of a stab wound not found tion of a cap on clinic visits by Medicaid pa­ tients may drive more patients seeking care (e) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments by hospital staff. What can we do about it? Harold Osborn, to the E.R., where, by law, they cannot be re­ made by this section shall apply to sales and fused. exchanges after September 30, 1991. chairman of the standards committee for the And as more people lose their jobs (and New York City Emergency Medical System, their health coverage), there will be addi­ has some ideas for New York. His essay fol­ tional pressure on our E.R.s. The emergency­ lows my remarks in the RECORD. I believe his care providers working in the system, who WATER IS CRITICAL TO THE suggestions could apply to any major city in are generally enthusiastic and caring people, FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE EAST the United States. are already stretched to the breaking point, "Mistakes" similar to those witnessed in re­ [From the Daily News, Oct. 14, 1991) cent weeks are bound to happen and are the EMERGENCY-ROOM CRISIS CALLS FOR TEAM inevitable result of a system being asked to HON. NANCY PELOSI RESPONSE do the impossible. OF CALIFORNIA (By Harold Osborn) Rescuing the emergency-care system in Recently, New Yorkers have been shocked New York City will take a concentrated ef­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by widely publicized accounts of improper fort. Some immediate steps would be bene­ ficial: The city should appoint a medical di­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 treatment in our city's emergency rooms. These cases are not just isolated examples of rector for EMS and establish a citywide first-response defibrillator program using Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, on the eve of the inadequate care. They should serve as a warning that our emergency-care system is firefighters and EMS personnel. Additional Mideast Peace Conference, I want to com­ spinning dangerously out of control. funding should be provided to city hospitals mend Secretary Baker and leaders of the re­ The indiscriminate and ill-advised closing to hire a full complement of competent E.R. gion for their initiative in the name of peace. of more than 40 hospitals in New York City staff. Drug treatment facilities should be over the last 20 years created an acute short­ made available to all those seeking help. The dialog that crosses the conference table Walk-in clinics should be established in each will form either the basis for greater under­ age of hospital beds. This shortage intensi­ fied as the twin crises of drugs and AIDS hospital to take pressure off the E.R.'s. New standing and partnership, or for continued grew and has resulted in overcrowded emer­ York City medical schools should be encour­ conflict. Matters of life and death will be con­ gency rooms all over the city. aged to establish academic departments of fronted in discussions of complex problems in­ In addition to rendering emergency care, emergency medicine, so that the field can be volving land claims, refugee resettlements, the E.R. now routinely serves as a holding treated equally with other medical dis­ competition for resources and the right to a area for patients who may wait days for a ciplines. Finally, the Mayor should appoint a com­ homeland. hospital bed. Meanwhile, new patients may wait six to eight hours to be seen. mission composed of those working in the Water is critical to the future of the Middle A chronic state of medical gridlock per­ field to recommend further changes designed East. Increased population and finite water vades the system and exhausts and demor­ to improve our emergency-care system. All supply, exacerbated by the current drought, alizes even the most dedicated health-care New Yorkers, rich and poor alike, have the could well be the precursor of future conflict in providers. City hospital E.R. are especially right to expect something better. The time to act is now. the region. Rivers and waters have no political hard hit, because they are chronically boundaries. Any discussion of peace must understaffed and underfunded and serve as take into account the potential conflict that the primary source of heal th care for the poor, who have no where else to go. Low sal­ HONORING WILLIAMSBRIDGE could erupt from water scarcity and the com­ aries and poor working conditions make it NAACP petition for sparse resources. difficult for city hospitals to recruit and re­ I urge the participants in the Mideast Peace tain well-qualified staff. The city has just in­ HON. ELIOT L ENGEL Conference to negotiate an agreement on stituted an additional 15% budget cut across OF NEW YORK shared water resources and to implement a the board for all municipal hospitals, which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will certainly worsen an already desperate plan that apportions fairly the resources that situation. Tuesday, October 29, 1991 are essential for life and necessary for lasting At the same time, the New York City am­ Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to peace in the region. bulance service is also in serious trouble. take this opportunity to pay tribute to the The 5-year California drought has taught our Long criticized for excessively long response Williamsbridge National Association for the State some difficult lessons and we have, by times, the 91 Emergency Medical System has been without a full-time medical director for Advancement of Colored People, and particu­ no means, been entirely successful in con­ over a year. A program designed to reduce larly its day care center which is celebrating fronting all of the issues, but one lesson is response times using firefighters as first re­ 20 years of service to the community. clear-we must work as partners and we must spondents for medical emergencies is barely For two decades, working parents who must be prepared to compromise. off the ground after two years and is threat- find a trustworthy place to leave their children October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28971 while they earn a paycheck have turned to the Mr. Speaker, Fairmont Private Schools is It is important to note that I am not propos­ Williamsbridge NAACP, and the organization taking a lead in providing a good education. I ing tax forgiveness, but tax deferral until cash has always been there to assist. In a time am glad they were so honored. is generated to pay the tax. The concept em­ when most households need both parents to bodied in my legislation existed in our tax laws hold steady jobs in order to make ends meet, for many years prior to the Tax Reform Act of it is places like the Williamsbridge Day Care LEGISLATION TO RESTORE ELEC­ 1986. Center that help make ends meet. TION TO REDUCE BASIS IN LIEU The principle that the discharge, or forgive­ The day care center is just one of the serv­ OF CURRENT TAXATION ON IN­ ness, of a debt generates taxable income is ices that have been provided to my constitu­ COME FROM DISCHARGE OF well established in our Federal income tax ents by the Williamsbridge NAACP. On this REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS IN­ laws. For example, suppose that A lends B special occasion, I would like to congratulate DEBTEDNESS $1,000 and B promises to repay the $1,000 the members for their contributions to the with interest in 2 years. If A forgives the loan community and wish the day care center at HON. E. CLAY SHAW, JR. before B repaid it, and assuming that the for­ least another two decades of success. OF FLORIDA giveness is not a gift, then B has taxable in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come. Equally well established in our tax laws is Tuesday, October 29, 1991 THE REBUILDING OF ARC-SBC'S the notion that under certain circumstances ALPHA TRAINING CENTER Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, real estate today the taxpayer will not be required to pay tax is in disarray. Commercial property markets currently on such income, but will instead be HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO across the country are marked by unchecked allowed to defer taxation. Section 108 of the OF CALIFORNIA declines in real property values. Financing and tax code provides these circumstances. For liquidity are virtually nonexistent for real estate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES example, there is no current tax liability from activities. In short, a credit crisis and a crisis a debt discharge if the taxpayer is in bank­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 in value have taken hold of the real estate ruptcy or is insolvent. This makes sense be­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I rise sector of our economy. cause under such circumstances the taxpayer today to pay tribute to one of our Nation's As a consequence, owners of rental real es­ does not have the funds to pay the tax. Prior most dedicated organizations, the Association tate are struggling because their properties to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, a solvent busi­ for Retarded Citizens-Santa Barbara Council. cannot support the debt tied to the properties. ness taxpayer could defer income from a debt A group of caring parents and volunteers These people are faced with foreclosure, discharge by electing instead to reduce the established in 1954, for the purpose of sup­ deeding the property back to the lender in lieu basis of other depreciable assets owned. This porting those who are mentally retarded, the of foreclosure, or, if they are more fortunate, served the policy of preventing businesses Alpha Training Center. That facility was de­ seeking to restructure the debt on the property from liquidating prematurely to pay the tax stroyed by the disastrous June 27, 1990, to reflect more accurately the property's ability owed on a discharged debt. Painted Cave Fire. to service the debt. Yet each choice typically The 1986 tax act, however, repealed this Through the generous hard work of the results in discharge of indebtedness income basis-reduction concept for all solvent tax­ board, parents, volunteers, and staff-and the under IRC section 108, presenting dire con­ payers except those realizing income from the charitable support of the community-I am sequences for the owner. I say dire because discharge of farm-related debt. The rule was pleased to announce that ground breaking the so-called income is not accompanied by not repealed in the farming sector because of ceremonies will commence today for a new any cash to pay the associated tax. Thus, the the credit crisis then occurring in that segment Alpha Training Center facility. I would also like taxpayer frequently must resort to selling other of the economy. to note the involvement and assistance of the property the taxpayer normally would not sell A true and more pervasive crisis-a crisis in Federal Emergency Management Agency and to generate the needed funds. credit as well as values-now exists in the the Santa Barbara County Office of Emer­ As unpleasant as this is for real estate own­ real estate industry. It is time that we reinstate gency Services. ers, these forced sales further exacerbate the the election to reduce the basis of depreciable long months of effon will come to fruition plunge, in real estate values, increase the property in lieu of immediate tax liability in today-a testament to the caliber of people pressure of financial institutions by making cases involving the discharge of qualified real who reside in the 19th Congressional District. loan workouts more difficult, and provide mo­ estate business indebtedness. Just as the im­ mentum to steadily eroding State and local tax mediate taxation of income associated with bases. In short, the troubles in the real estate the discharge of farming debt would have cre­ A TRIBUTE TO FAIRMONT markets are proving to be a significant drag on ated significant problems in the farming sector, PRIVATE SCHOOLS the national economy and its ability to rebound the immediate taxation of income from the dis­ from the recession. charge of real estate debt is now spelling trou­ HON. WIWAM E. DANNEMEYER Now is the time to examine closely the tax ble for real estate. OF CALIFORNIA code and make those changes necessary to The solution I propose is simple. If a tax­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES restore some sense of stability to real estate payer has income related to the discharge of markets. Therefore-in addition to legislation I a debt incurred or assumed with respect to Tuesday, October 29, 1991 am introducing today regarding capital gains, real property used in a trade or business, then Mr. DANNEMEYER. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ passive losses, and the at-risk rules-I am in­ the taxpayer may defer taxation by electing to tember 25 Fairmont Private Schools based in troducing legislation to provide relief from the reduce the basis of other depreciable property Anaheim, CA, was awarded the U.S. Depart­ tax burden associated with the discharge of in­ owned by the taxpayer. The deferred amount ment of Education's highest honor when Presi­ debtedness income. may not exceed the total adjusted bases of all dent Bush presented Fairmont with the Blue Under my bill a solvent taxpayer would be the depreciable property held by the taxpayer. Ribbon of Excellence Award. permitted to elect to exclude discharge of in­ The same rule would be available for cor­ The award was established to call attention debtedness income if the taxpayer reduces porate taxpayers. to schools that are most effective in meeting the basis of other real estate the taxpayer For example, the taxpayer owns an office the needs of tomorrow's work force. Fairmont owns by the amount of the discharged real es­ building and an apartment building. The office was graded on their visionary leadership, a tate debt. This would enable real estate own­ building has a tax basis of $30,000 and the productive teaching environment, impressive ers, now often desperately cash short, credit apartment building has a mortgage of academic achievement, strong parental in­ starved, and seriously weakened, to defer tax $100,000. The apartment building, through no volvement, and positive attitude. liability until the other real property is sold, re­ fault of the taxpayer, has declined in value Founded in 1953, Fairmont Private Schools sulting in funds needed to satisfy the deferred and the rental income from the property now is Orange County's oldest and largest non­ tax. The sale of property in this manner will be services a debt of only $75,000. The lender, sectarian private school. Fairmont educates under market conditions that maximize values, rather than foreclosing and seeking a defi­ more than 900 children from preschool not minimize them as is now so often the ciency from the taxpayer, reduces the mort­ through eighth grade on three campuses. case. gage to $75,000. Instead of forcing the tax- 28972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 payer to find the resources to satisfy a tax on (2) Subparagraph (B) of section 108(a)(2) of of the sick and elderly. Every day they face $25,000-Usually through the distressed sale such Code is amended to read as follows: questions ranging from life-and-death deci­ of other property-my legislation would allow "(B) INSOLVENCY EXCLUSION TAKES PRECE­ sions, such as whether to stop treatment, to DENCE OVER QUALIFIED FARM EXCLUSION AND the taxpayer to defer the tax liability by reduc­ QUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS EXCLU­ more practical concerns, such as transferring ing the office building's basis to $5,000. If the SION .-Subparagraphs (C) and (D) of para­ an elderly resident from one part of a facility total basis available for reduction had been graph (1) shall not apply to a discharge to to another. In 1987, the American Association only $20,000, then the taxpayer would reduce the extent the taxpayer is insolvent." of Homes for the Aging developed its Com­ the office building's basis to 0 and owe tax on . (3) Subsection (d) of section 108 of such mission on Ethics in Long-Term Care, and Mr . $5,000. Even so, this result is far preferable to Code is amended by striking " Subsections Knight served as chairman from 1987 to 1990. that under current law, which frequently forces (a), (b), and (g)" each place it appears in the He spearheaded the commission's work in­ heading thereof and in the text and headings cluding the promotion of ethics committees in sales at distressed prices. paragraphs (6) and (7) and inserting "Sub­ I urge my colleagues in the House and on sections (a), (b), (c), and (g)" . long-term care facilities and senior housing. the Ways and Means Committee to join me in (4) Subparagraph (B) of section 108(d)(7) of Throughout his career, Mr. Knight has been support of this legislation. Unless the current such Code is amended by adding at the end the recipient of numerous citations and awards rules are changed, owners of commercial real thereof the following new sentence: "The for his dedication in the field of housing and estate will continue to face large amounts of preceding sentence shall not apply to any services for the elderly. In 1977, the California discharge of indebtedness income and, as a discharge to the extent that subsection Association of Homes for the Aging recog­ result, will be forced to liquidate other holdings (a)(l)(D) applies to such discharge." nized him with the association's Award of at values disruptive to the Nation's financial (5) Subparagraph (A) of section 108(d)(9) of Honor, its highest award, for his work in the such Code is amended by inserting "or under system, tax base, and economy. paragraph (3) of subsection (c)" after "sub­ field of aging, and, in 1988, recognized him H.R.- section (b)". again with the association's President's Cita­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ (6) Paragraph (2) of section 1017(a) of such tion for continued outstanding service to the resentatives of the United States of America in Code is amended by striking "or (b)(5)" and elderly in California. Congress assembled, inserting ", (b)(5), or (c)(l)". I salute Ralph Knight on the outstanding SECTION 1. RESTORATION OF EXCLUSION FROM (7) Subparagraph (A) of section 1017(b)(3) of contributions he has made to the elderly. His GROSS INCOME FOR INCOME FROM such Code is amended by inserting " or (c)(l)" DISCHARGE OF QUALIFIED REAL efforts have made a profound difference in the after "subsection (b)(5)". lives of the many he has come in contact. His PROPERTY BUSINESS INDEBTED­ (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments NESS. made by this section shall apply to dis­ good work continues to benefit the elderly of (a) IN GENERAL.-Paragraph (1) of section California and the Nation. 108(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 charges after December 31, 1991, in taxable (relating to income from discharge of indebt­ years ending after such date. edness) is amended by striking "or" at the BLACKS AND JEWS: A SHARED end of subparagraph (b), by striking the pe­ HISTORY OF SURVIVAL riod at the end of subparagraph (C) and in­ TRIBUTE TO RALPH D. KNIGHT serting "or", and by adding at the end there­ of the following new subparagraph: HON. NANCY PELOSI HON. CHARLF.S B. RANGEL " (D) the indebtedness discharged is quali­ OF CALIFORNIA OF NEW YORK fied real property business indebtedness." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (b) QUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS IN­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, October 23, 1991 DEBTEDNESS.-Section 108 of such Code is Tuesday, October 29, 1991 amended by inserting after subsection (b) the Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise to call to following new subsection: Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to the attention of my colleagues an article which "(c) TREATMENT OF DISCHARGE OF QUALI­ recognize a man who personifies the meaning appeared recently in the New York Amster­ FIED REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS INDEBTED­ of the word "commitment," Ralph D. Knight, dam News. It concerns a reunion of Jewish NESS.- president and CEO of the Northern California survivors of Hitler's concentration camps at "(l) BASIS REDUCTION.- Presbyterian Homes, Inc., in San Francisco, "(A) IN GENERAL.-The amount excluded Buchenwald and Dachau with their liberators, from gross income under subparagraph (D) of CA. This year, Mr. Knight will retire after serv­ American soldiers who were members of the subsection (a)(l) shall be applied to reduce ing as chairman of the board of the American 761 st all-black tank battalion. the basis of the depreciable property of the Association of Homes for the Aging, the na­ I was honored to be among the guests at taxpayer. tional organization of not-for-profit homes and this most moving of ceremonies in New York "(B) CROSS REFERENCE.-For provisions services for the Nation's elderly. making the reduction described in subpara­ City, in which the two groups-Jewish survi­ Mr. Knight has devoted his lifelong career to vors and black liberators-were reunited for graph (A), see section 1017. providing housing and services for older Amer­ "(2) LIMITATION.-The amount excluded the first time since the war. under subparagraph (D) of subsection (a)(l) icans. His experience began at the Valley The event had great significance to all shall not exceed the aggregate adjusted bases Christian Centers Settlement House Program present, particularly in this time during which of depreciable property held by the taxpayer in Arizona, where he directed group work and so much is said of a growing estrangement as of the beginning of the taxable year fol­ community organization programs in two low­ between black and Jewish Americans. The re­ lowing the taxable year in which the dis­ income and socially disadvantaged commu­ union was a stark reminder of the mutual sup­ charge occurs (determined after any reduc­ nities in the Phoenix area. He later moved to port that has bound blacks and Jews together tion under subsections (b) and (g)). California where he began his long tenure "(3) QUALIFIED REAL PROPERTY BUSINESS IN­ for decades. Indeed, our shared history of suf­ DEBTEDNESS.-lndebtedness of the taxpayer working to provide quality housing and support fering, struggle, and triumph has joined us in shall be treated as qualified real property services for the elderly. a permanent alliance of survivors. business indebtedness if (and only if)- As chairman for the California Association of DOCUMENTARY TO Focus ON LIBERATION OF "(A) the indebtedness was incurred or as­ Homes for the Aging Fire and Life Safety JEWS BY BLACK WW II SOLDIERS sumed- Committee, Mr. Knight was successful in ad­ (By Norma Harris) "(1) by a corporation in connection with vocating for a State law to modify the fire and real property, or WNET-Channel 13 is putting a new twist on "(ii) by an individual in connection with life safety requirements to ensure that persons the Jewish Holocaust with a 90-minute docu­ real property used in his trade or business, living in residential care facilities in California mentary which focuses on the contribution and were protected. He was also successful in en­ of Black soldiers to the liberation of Jews "(B) such taxpayer makes an election suring the passage of legislation to allocate $3 from Hitler's concentration camps at the end under this paragraph with respect to such in­ million in direct low-interest loans to facilities of World War II. debtedness. faced with higher costs in meeting the State's The documentary called "Liberators: Such term shall not include qualified farm Fighting on Two Fronts in World War Two," new fire and life safety standards. will be screened next year. It unravels the indebtedness." As part of the long-term care system, not­ (C) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.- yet untold story of African-American battal­ (!) Subparagraph (A) of section 108(a)(2) of for-profit nursing homes and senior housing ions which helped to free thousands of Jews such Code is amended by striking "and (C)" facilities have a long history of dealing with from German concentrations camps at Bu­ and inserting ", (C), and (D)". complex ethical dilemmas regarding the care chenwald and Dachau. -- -- _...... -.-:._..,...-L,,,...... ---, ____ ~~.--- ...... _.... ,.-~..,--

October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28973 Previewing footage of the documentary, within Co-op City. as well as leading trips NATIONAL SCIENCE SCHOLARS which is in the final stages of production, throughout the world, the members engage in Congressman Charles Rangel said: "This dra­ a continuous effort to promote Jewish life. The matic and at times emotional documentary HON. WIUJAM E. DANNEMEYER is a constant reminder of Jews and to gen­ first 25 years have been a resounding suc­ OF CALIFORNIA tiles that none of us stands alone. We need a cess, and I feel confident that the next 25 will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program of mutual respect. What with the be even better. Tuesday, October 29, 1991 problems in Israel and the economic depres­ On this special occasion, I congratulate the sion facing the African-Americans commu­ Mr. DANNEMEYER. Mr. Speaker, two nities today, many people have forgotten members of Young Israel of Co-op City for all young men from the 39th District, both from that African-Americans and Jews marched their achievements and wish them happiness my hometown of Fullerton, have been se­ together in the past against racism. We can­ and success in the days and years ahead. lected as National Science Scholars for the not afford to forget." Rangel added that the new television docu­ 1991-92 academic year. The young men are mentary is "just as important as what is Jae Kang and Steven A. Miller. happening today in Haiti and the Middle The purpose of the National Science Schol­ East. This is a story that must be told." TAIWAN STOPS THE USE OF DRIFT ars Program is to recognize excellence and The documentary, co-produced by Bill NETS achievement in the physical, life, and com­ Miles and Nina Rosenblum, is a testament to puter sciences, math, and engineering. The the role played by African-American soldiers monetary awards given these young men are in the defeat of the Nazis. It documents for HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO to encourage their continuing studies at the the first time the heroism of men like Johnie Stevens, William Scott, Abraham Chapnik OF CALIFORNIA postsecondary level of education. Mr. Speaker, it is a privilege to recognize and Dr. Leon Bass, all members of the 761st IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all-Black tank battalion which liberated their achievement. We wish Jae Kang and concentration camps at Buchenwald and Da­ Tuesday. October 29, 1991 Steven A. Miller continued success. chau. At a reunion luncheon at Channel 13's stu­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, in 1989, dio in Manhattan, which brought together introduced legislation supporting the estat:r LEGISLATION TO AMEND THE AT holocaust survivors now resident in the U.S. lishment of a drift-net-free zone in the South RISK RULES and their African-American liberators, former soldier Johnie Stevens said: "This Pacific. Drift nets indiscriminately trap and kill documentary is a piece of history that our marine mammals in plastic nets which are up HON. E. CI.A Y SHAW, JR. kids won't learn from history books." to 30 miles in length. Drift nets are very effec­ OF FLORIDA Recalling life in the segregated American tive killers of their target fish, tuna, but the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Army he noted, "Nobody knew we existed. nets also catch all types of other marine life Nobody knew there were Black tankers on Tuesday, October 29, 1991 the Western front. The media never spoke to which have no commercial value. Congress Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, today, I am intro­ us. They ignored us. As far as the world was enacted legislation in the last Congress which ducing legislation to expand the kinds of real concerned, we did not exist. This documen­ incorporated language of my bill. property mortgages that qualify as amounts at tary tells our story in our own words. It Subsequently to congressional action, the risk. My bill would include as amounts at risk proves we were there." Survivor Benjamin Bender, who is featured United Nations passed a resolution calling nonrecourse financing provided by a lender in the documentary returning to the Buchen­ upon the world community to stop the use of who is selling property acquired through fore­ wald camp with two of the African-American drift nets. A number of countries which have closure or by an instrument in lieu of fore­ servicemen who freed him recalls the hu­ supported their drift net tuna fishing industries closure. manity of the men who liberated him. "They have changed their policies. By removing this unnecessary restriction on had tears in their eyes as the,y tended to us. the financing of certain real property sales, I could not understand why they were cry­ The Government of Taiwan formally an­ this legislation would preserve the antitax shel­ ing. At Buchenwald we never cried. We nounced on August 21, 1991, that it will com­ ter integrity of the at risk rules while facilitating mourned like wounded animals." ply with United Nations Resolution No. 44- sales of real estate now held by our Nation's Throughout World War Il. army planners 225, and end the use of drift nets on the high he.Id a dim view of African-American troops financial institutions. This legislation is sorely and their fighting ability, but a11-Black bat­ seas by June 30, 1992. Along with the an­ needed given the lack of available financing talions lllte the 761st and the 183rd played a nouncement, the Government introduced the options for real property purchases and the major role in capturing key European towns. following programs to ensure the fishing indus­ troubles lenders now experience because of The battalions received hundreds of purple try a smooth transition to other fishing meth­ their inability to sell property that they have hearts but were omitted from media reports, ods: come to own through foreclosure or the like. histories and films like "Patton." In 1986, Congress concluded that it was ap­ According to producer Bill Miles, "Lib­ First, a generous buy-back offer for aged erators is a story that has to be told now. drift net vessels, at approximately $445 per propriate to apply the at risk rules to real es­ The guys who made it all happen are vir­ ton and up to approximately $185,000 per tate activities. The stated reason was to limit tua.lly pa.ssing away. This part of African­ ship; the opportunity for overvaluation of property­ Americans history has to be told." resulting in inflated deductions-and to pre­ Second, a low-interest loan program to vent the transfer of tax benefits arising from cover the cost of converting to other fishing real estate activities to taxpayers with little or HONORING YOUNG ISRAEL OF CO­ methods; no real equity in the property. OP CITY Third, the establishment of special funds to The at risk rules limit the amount of losses promote catches acquired with new fishing eligible to be deducted by an owner of real es­ HON. ELIOT L .ENGEL methods. tate to the amount the owner could actually lose in the activity, that is, the amount the OF NEW YORK I want to commend the Government to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES owner has at risk in the enterprise. These Republic of China on Taiwan for their efforts rules define the amount that an owner is con­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 to actively eliminate the use of drift nets by sidered to be at risk to be the sum of his cash Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is my distinct their domestic fishing fleet. This latest policy contributions to the activity, the adjusted basis pleasure to recognize the 25th anniversary of announcement testifies to their determination of other property contributed by the owner to Young Israel of Co-op City, which is located in and sincerity to play a responsible role in the the activity, and certain mortgage loans used my congressional district. efforts to preserve our marine environment. I to buy or construct the property. Over the years, the members of Young Is­ urge other countries to take note of and imple­ Currently, the rules limit the kinds of mort­ rael of Co-op City have dedicated themselves ment like policies to insure drift-net-free gage loans that qualify as amounts at risk. to working for the synagogue and for the good oceans which are safe for all marine mam­ The purpose of my legislation is to expand the of the community. By sponsoring activities mals. kinds of mortgage loans that qualify-without 28974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 violating the spirit and goals of the 1986 Tax SECTION 1. EXCEPTION FROM CERTAIN AT-RISK As a boy, Mr. Lonergan used to sit with his RULES FOR PROPERTY ACQUIRED Act. BY FORECWSURE. father on the bleachers at JFK Stadium in Under present law, all so-called recourse (a) IN GENERAL.-Subparagraph (D) of sec­ Philadelphia, and watch the annual Army-Navy loans, in which the borrower is personally lia­ tion 465(b)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of football game. From that time on, John ble for repayment of the loan, qualify under 1986 (relating to qualified nonrecourse fi­ Lonergan knew that he wanted to attend An­ the at risk rules whether or not they are pro­ nancing treated as amount at risk) is amend­ napolis, and worked with persistence and dili­ vided by the seller or a third party. On the ed by adding at the end thereof the following gence throughout his school years to achieve other hand, nonrecourse loans, in which the new clause: that goal. I helped young John attend the "(iii) CERTAIN FINANCING FROM SELLERS OF property alone serves as security for repay­ PROPERTY.-For purposes of this paragraph, Academy. Whether he was serving as a class ment, qualify only if the loan is provided by an financing secured by property shall not fail officer, or playing the tenor saxophone in the unrelated third party organization in the busi­ to be treated as qualified nonrecourse fi­ Northeast Catholic High School jazz band, ness of lending or by a related party if the nancing by reason of subclause (II) of section John Lonergan constantly delighted his friends terms of the loan are commercially reasonable 49(a)(l)(D)(iv) if the person referred to in and teachers with his numerous talents. and on substantially the same terms as loans such subclause acquired such property by In 1987, John Lonergan fulfilled the goal he involving unrelated persons. foreclosure or by instrument in lieu of fore­ had set for himself long ago, as he entered closure." Nonrecourse financing provided by the sell­ (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendment the freshman class of the U.S. Naval Acad­ er of real property, however, may not be treat­ made by this section shall apply to financing emy in Annapolis. Following his graduation ed as an amount at risk under the current provided after December 31, 1991, in taxable this year, Ensign Lonergan was assigned to rules-even in situations in which the seller is years ending after such date. the Navy's Surface Warfare Officers' School in fact an organization engaged in the busi­ Command in Newport, RI. ness of lending. John Joseph Lonergan's friends and family A TRIBUTE TO THE WINSTON The restrictions on nonrecourse lending pro­ recall that he lived by a code of persistence. TENANTS ASSOCIATION vided by the seller of the property is justified As a student, an officer, or a friend, John by the argument that there may be little or no Lonergan will always be remembered for his incentive to limit the amount of such financing HON. GARY L ACKERMAN determination, and his kindness toward others. to the value of the property. This, in turn, OF NEW YORK I know I join my colleagues in extending my could result in the buyer's receipt of inflated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deepest sympathies to Ensign Lonergan's par­ deductions and the seller's conversion of ordi­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 ents, Joe and Sally, as well as to the rest of nary income into capital gain. Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today his family and friends. In the case of nonrecourse financing pro­ to honor the members of the Winston Tenant's vided by a third lending institution, however, Association of Briarwood, NY. They are an in­ IN RECOGNITION OF THE ECO­ Congress has determined that this kind of fi­ spiring example of individual citizens cooperat­ NOMIC OPPORTUNITY COUNCIL nancing is much more likely to be in line with ing to protest unfair treatment by their housing OF SAN FRANCISCO the property's value. Furthermore, such lend­ management. ers are more likely to predetermine that the fi­ The Winston Tenant's Association was nancing will be repaid and that the purchaser formed in April 1981, as a result of the own­ HON. NANCY PELOSI has or will have real equity in the activity. er's failure to correct over 100 building viola­ OF CALIFORNIA Therefore, under the current rules, financing tions. Despite retaliation by the staff of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provided by an organization in the business of Winston Apartments, the residents insisted Tuesday, October 29, 1991 lending may appropriately be treated as an that their leases be enforced, thanks to the dy­ Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to amount at risk regardless of whether the fi­ namic efforts to Phil Karasyk, an attorney, and recognize and commend the Economic Oppor­ nancing is recourse or nonrecourse. But, if the Albert Willingham, who is currently the presi­ tunity Council of San Francisco [EOG], an or­ lender is also the seller, then the financing dent of the association. The tenants worked ganization that has waged a tireless attack on must be recourse to qualify as an amount at closely with the offices of City Council Member poverty since its inception, under the Eco­ risk. Morton Povman, Assemblywoman Nettie nomic Opportunity Act of 1964. Its mandate The legislation I am introducing today will Mayersohn, State Senator Jeremy Weinstein, was "to formulate a program to mobilize and clarify that the policy underlying the at risk and myself to settle the disputes, but the mat­ utilize public and private resources in a con­ rules is not undermined if the lender is now ter was eventually decided in court. Judge certed and effective attack on poverty by de­ also a seller merely because the lender hap­ Maurice Harbater ruled that the landlord had veloping employment opportunity, improving pens to have acquired the property through to correct numerous infractions of the building human performance, motivation and productiv­ foreclosure or by an instrument in lieu of fore­ code, including breakdowns in heating during ity, and by bettering the conditions under closure. Such a seller is in fact in the business the winter. Justice was served. which people live, learn and work." Then of lending money and is more in the nature of Since then the Winston Tenant's Associa­ Mayor John Shelley, along with Dr. Arthur an involuntary caretaker of property than an tion has worked diligently to ensure the safety Coleman, first chairman of the board of direc­ owner/seller. and comfort of its members, and having tors, and Everett Brandon, the first executive My legislation does not alter the purpose gained many friends, I am sure that they will director, had the charge of making the Eco­ behind the 1986 extension of the at-risk rules continue to address the issues with their col­ nomic Opportunity Council a reality. to real estate, but clarifies that financing pro­ lective power and wisdom. I ask my fellow For 27 years, the EOC has continued to vided by organizations in the business of lend­ members to rise and salute the Winston Ten­ meet their long-term goal of promoting self­ ing will qualify as an amount at risk regardless ants Association on its 10th anniversary. sufficiency among the city's poor, helping of whether the financing is recourse or them in becoming less dependent upon gov­ nonrecourse. IN MEMORY OF ENS. JOHN ernment assistance, while aiding them in be­ I urge my colleagues in the House and on LONERGAN coming more dependent upon their most valu­ the Ways and Means Committee to join me in able resource-themselves. The EOC has support of this legislation and to take prompt also committed itself to providing a variety of action on this matter. The current rules are un­ HON. TIIOMASM. FOGUE1TA OF PENNSYLVANIA support services for low-income groups and necessarily restrictive. They slow down the individuals, including employment, health, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sale of property from lenders' portfolios while housing, education, nutritional food supple­ potential buyers search-often in vain-for Tuesday, October 29, 1991 ments, and child and parent development. In available financing from other sources. Mr. FOGLIETIA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today this manner, the EOC helps to alleviate the H.R.- to pay tribute to the memory of Ens. John Jo­ many adversities associated with poverty. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ seph Lonergan of Philadelphia, who tragically Today the board of directors, Executive Di­ resentatives of the United States of America in lost his life in an automobile accident on Octo­ rector Enola Maxwell, clients and staff of the Congress assembled, ber 12 at the age of 23. Potrero Hill Neighborhood House, honor the October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28975 Economic Opportunity Council of San Fran­ a new MRI scanner as well as a new high resentation-but stopped short of including cisco, and the many individuals who have tech surgery wing. St. Francis also boasts of strong protections for the rights of Bulgarian worked for it. Many of these dedicated activ­ having an innovative family birth center-offer­ Turks and other ethnic minorities. ists went on to public service, truly making a ing labor, delivery, recovery and post-partum Today, as Congress takes the step to ex­ reality of the purpose of this legislation, a vital care. tend most-favored-nation status to products part of the war on poverty. Mr. Speaker, I join In closing, I would like to applaud all those from Bulgaria, we are obligated to take an­ with the San Francisco community in honoring involved over the years who have helped other step as well. We must continue to mon­ the continuing good works of the Economic make St. Francis a shinning achievement in itor the situation in Bulgaria and press for Opportunity Council. the medical establishment of this great Nation. greater protections for the rights of minorities. The Movement for Rights and Freedoms, for example, should be able to participate in elec­ HONORING NAT DAVIS ETHNIC POLITICS RETURN TO tions without being challenged and representa­ BULGARIA tives of the Turkish community should be ap­ HON. ELIOT L ENGEL pointed to the Central Elections Commission. OF NEW YORK HON. JIM MOODY Other Eastern European countries have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF WISCONSIN demonstrated that greater political openness Tuesday, October 29, 1991 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES does not necessarily bring greater tolerance Tuesday, October 29, 1991 and respect for diversity. Bulgaria has a sad Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, this week in my and recent history of intolerance for the rights district, the friends and family of the late Nat Mr. MOODY. Mr. Speaker, in June, Presi­ of the Bulgarian-Turkish minority. Those atti­ Davis will gather at Boston Post Road to dedi­ dent Bush signed a Jackson-Vanik waiver to tudes will not change overnight. cate a street in honor of a beloved member of indefinitely extend most-favored-nation status Reprinted below is an article that appeared the community. to products from Bulgaria. At precisely that last week in the Washington Post. The article It is appropriate that the block between time, the Bulgarian Turkish minority was strug­ describes how the Bulgarian Communists, Waring and Mace Avenues be named in honor gling to participate in the political life of that now called the Socialist Party, are whipping up of Nat Davis. The senior citizen center at 2424 country. Efforts were underway to declare ille­ historic Slavic-Bulgarian fears of Turks to Boston Post Road was the focus of many of gal the Bulgarian-Turkish political party, the shore up their own sagging fortunes. his activities in his later years. Working with Movement for Rights and Freedoms [MRF] led It is sadly ironic that, if Ahmed Dogan and his dedicated wife Thal, he promoted the by Ahmed Dogan. For that reason, I felt that Bulgarian-Turks had not participated in the growth of the senior center and helped its President Bush's Jackson-Vanik waiver rep­ elections, they would have no voice in the af­ neighbors in countless ways. resented a vote of confidence for Bulgaria at fairs of their country. But because they did All of his neighbors, whether young or elder­ just the wrong time. participate and because they received the ly, were recipients of Nat Davis' generosity. Slavic-Bulgarian parties joined together after strong support of sectors of the country, they Nat was widely known for his free physical the June elections to prevent the MRF from will spark a revival of ethnic recriminations and education instructions and his willingness to participating in the October 13 elections. De­ fears. drive senior citizens to shopping or doctor ap­ spite all their efforts-including two cases that This is no time to close the book on Bul­ pointments. He was a Scoutmaster of troop went to the Supreme Court-they were not garia. It is a time for continued diligence. I 133 of the Boy Scouts of America, where he successful. The MRF won 23 seats in the Na­ urge my colleagues and the Bush administra­ taught city youth about the wonders of the out­ tional Assembly and would probably have won tion to join me in expressing our continued in­ doors. He was a member of the board of di­ more were there not so much uncertainty sur­ terest and concern. rectors at Pelham Parkway Jewish Center and rounding its participation. [From the Washington Post, Oct. 27, 1991) I applaud the determination and tenacity of regularly contributed to the United Jewish Ap­ ETHNIC POLITICS RETURN TO BULGARIA-COM­ peal, Israel Bonds, and other organizations. the Bulgarian-Turkish minority. Their advances MUNISTS, BEATEN IN ELECTION, REVIVE FEAR When we lost Nat Davis, we lost a man who in the October elections are particularly amaz­ OF TURKISH POWER epitomized concern for his neighbors and love ing considering the history of their treatment in (By Mary Battiata) of his family. The naming of a street in his Bulgaria. KURDJALI, BULGARIA.-lt was the usual honor will serve to remind us of his legacy and In 1984, President Todor Zhivkov began a afternoon call to prayer, but for men sipping motivate us to carry on his community spirit. campaign of assimilation against Bulgarian dark coffee near the mosque's tin minaret, Turks. They were forced to take Slavic names, the pre-taped wail of the muezzin sounded es­ banned from attending Turkish language pecially sweet. Kurdjali, main city for Bul­ ST. FRANCIS MEDICAL CENTER schools, and banned from speaking Turkish­ garia's repressed ethnic Turkish minority, even though 70 percent of Turks knew no had elected its first Turkish mayor since HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO other language. Turkish names were removed 1913. from tombstones and mosques were closed The win was part of a larger electoral OF CALIFORNIA sweep that left the jubilant Turks the third­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES except on the most sacred holidays. In 1985, strongest political force in Bulgaria's new the Bulgarian Government declared that the Tuesday, October 29, 1991 parliament, and essential governing partner restoration of Bulgarian names had been safe­ for the victorious Union of Democratic Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I rise ly completed and declared that no ethnic Forces. "This Turkish mayor is the first today to pay tribute to one of the most re­ Turks remained in Bulgaria. beam of hope for us," said Turkish legislator spected medical centers in the 19th District, In 1989, 4 years later, this brutal campaign Husein Karamolle. the newly renamed St. Francis Medical Cen­ sparked a massive flight from the country. But the Turks' strong showing also has re­ ter. Some 300,000 Bulgarian Turks left their vived older forms of ethnic politics here. This institution was founded 83 years ago to Bulgaria's Communists-now reorganized as homes and livelihoods behind and fled to Tur­ the Socialist party-are attempting to ex­ provide high quality, personal family oriented key, constituting the largest flow of refugees in ploit Bulgarian fears about the Turks to health care as the St. Francis Hospital. In light Europe since World War II. shore up their own sagging fortunes. of the remarkable advancement St. Francis I am repeating this story today because few It has become a familiar spectacle has made in the medical field, it is appropriate people outside Bulgaria and Turkey remember throughout post-Communist Eastern Europe. at this time to dedicate the new name to re­ this recent history. Few Americans knew about In Romania, Yugoslavia, Slovakia and now flect what the facility now is-a complete med­ these events at the time they occurred. Is it Bulgaria, Communists who once condemned ical care institution. relevant today under a new government? I be­ nationalism as the disease of petty capital­ Recent improvements in St. Francis are ists now portray themselves as defenders of a lieve that Bulgaria has taken important strides threatened majority. very impressive and include an expansion of forward. The people of Bulgaria ejected the The approach is potentially powerful here, the emergency department and preliminary Zhivkov regime-but allowed the Communists where democracy is empowering the ethnic work on an ambulatory care center, the addi­ to remain in power under a new name. They Turks-who make up roughly 10 percent of tion of the cardiac catherization laboratory and rewrote the constitution to allow greater rep- the population-just as market reforms rat- 28976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 tle the confidence and tolerance of the domi­ High School in the top 10 percent of her class had many concerns about that matter. Con­ nant Slavs. and has enlisted in the U.S. Air Force. Olga is cerns about treatment of the environment; Added to economic tension is the weight of an example of a proud American who is willing health and safety laws; labor laws, especially memory. Bulgaria's five centuries of occupa­ to dedicate her talents to serve our Nation. tion and domination by the Turkish Otto­ child labor laws; and Buy American mandates. man Empire ended only in 1878. Many Bul­ I encourage each of my colleagues to take But certainly my chief concern was the right of garians fear that the ethnic Turks' present a moment to read the following winning essay. American workers to keep their jobs. demands for cultural and religious autonomy It provides an excellent interpretation of a I, along with many of my colleagues, stood will lead inevitably to political separatism. leadership role that a young individual envi­ here demanding that the Congress not be The Socialists went into this month's par­ sions. made to sit idly by while the jobs of our con­ liamentary election allied with two extreme How JROTC HAS PREPARED ME FOR stituents are allowed to leave this country. .I nationalist parties. They nonetheless suf­ RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP wanted a process which would ensure that the fered a narrow defeat by the Union of Demo­ JROTC has been interesting, exciting, in­ jobs of Americans would be protected. I want­ cratic Forces and lost their parliamentary formative, and an education in how to be majority. ed to know how we expected our workers to your best. More significantly, JROTC pre­ compete with workers who are willing to ac­ Even before the final votes had been tal­ pared me for a successful life and responsible lied, the Socialists were trying to paint the citizenship. cept far inferior wages and working condi­ Turks' new clout as a threat to ordinary Bul­ JROTC challenged me to learn how to bet­ tions? garians. Their rhetoric has raised fears of an ter serve my country. Serving my country During this debates, I was told not to worry anti-Turkish backl'ash. does not necessarily mean serving in the na­ about the loss of jobs to Mexico. I was told "Nationalism is the only card the Social­ tion's armed forces, but being knowledgeable that the fear of Mexican workers taking Amer­ ists have to play," said Turkish party about government and being active in com­ ican jobs was farfetched. I didn't believe that. spokesman Yunal Lyutfi. "Regrettably, that munity service. Nevertheless, one of the I couldn't believe that. Jobs in my State are feeling is flourishing in this part of the most important ways in which I have prac­ world. It has no future, but in the short term too precious to risk on such empty specula­ ticed my citizenship has been by proudly tion. At the time of the fast track vote, West it is very dangerous." wearing my Army JROTC uniform. I was not Socialist leader Andrei Lukanov told a just representing the JROTC program when­ Virginia had an unemployment rate of 8.3 per­ post-election press conference that the re­ ever I wore it, I was representing the US cent. The current unemployment rate in West sults left Bulgaria "a political hostage" of Armed Forces, my school, and my nation. Virginia is 9.8 percent. the Turkish party, the Movement for Rights Furthermore, JROTC taught me how to show Many areas of this country are suffering and Freedoms. Yet in 1990, as prime minister patriotism towards my country, towards my similar unemployment rates and there are of Bulgaria's first freely elected government, flag and to understand how democracy many factors contributing to this suffering. But Lukanov led a move to restore the rights works. that Communist dictator Todor Zhivkov had I submit to you that on top of all the other eco­ As a fourth year cadet, I had numerous op­ nomic contributors which are driving up the denied the Turkish minority. portunities to practice my leadership skills In the Kurdjali region, where ethnic Turks and acquiring leadership skills helped me to unemployment rate, American workers should are in the majority, the rhetoric was less ob­ become a responsible citizen. I have had not have to worry about ·losing their jobs to lique. "They threatened there would be hands-on experience in teaching lower class­ Mexico because of a weak trade agreement bloodshed if we have a Turkish mayor," said mates drill, first aid, map reading, marks­ which makes it easy for businesses and indus­ legislator Ramse Osman. manship and several other courses. Acquir­ tries to take jobs there. Kurdjali's old Communist newspaper, New ing these skills helped me develop leadership Are Members who fear having to watch Life, has campaigned for a ban on the public attributes and become a responsible citizen. playing of Turkish music and the Islamic helplessly as the plug is pulled and jobs swirl Two other courses I have enjoyed im­ down the drain into Mexico overreacting? Is calls to prayer, on grounds that it is offen­ mensely and believe essential to the program sive to the Bulgarian population. are the drug abuse lectures and a block of in­ our response of anxiety to the granting of fast­ To the Turks, that sounds too much like struction known as "Unlocking Your Poten­ track authority inappropriate? Absolutely not! the attempts by Zhivkov's hard-line Com­ tial." The drug abuse program helps encour­ Let me quote to you from a classified ad in munist regime throughout the 1980s to force age cadets to stay drug free and influence a textile trade publication: their assimilation by closing their mosques, others to be drug free. What better way to Business For Sale, Mexico Apparel Plant, making them "Bulgarize" their names and teach responsible citizenship? Similarly, Get a head-start on "Fast Track Free collecting stiff fines from anyone caught "Unlocking Your Potential" assisted me in Trade," Save 50 percent on U.S. costs. speaking Turkish on the street. That cul­ developing a higher self-esteem, a positive No one can call me this isn't an advertise­ minated in an exodus of 300,000 ethnic Turks attitude, and most importantly to decide to Turkey in 1989. what I really wanted to do with my life. Goal ment to entice U.S. businesses to take advan­ The Socialists insist it is the Turks who setting is an integral part of the course. tage of the low wages which prevail in that are undemocratic. Socialist leader Lukanov I attribute my success to the JROTC pro­ country! This ad isn't aberration. I have other and others said the Turkish party took 95 gram. Most likely, if I had not taken this examples of attempts to lure companies and percent of the vote in Turkish areas because course, I would not have accomplished my businesses with the promise of low labor of its "iron discipline." goals. I am proud of being in the top ten per­ costs. Turkish leaders scoff at that complaint. cent of my class. I am proud of being se­ Consider this. The marketing director of "If we were an undemocratic, nationalist lected as a peer tutor and role model by the FINSA Grupo Arguelles, a private Mexican de­ party, there would have been bloodshed al­ Brownsville Police Department for a drug ready," said Lyutfi. "Because in the Bal­ education program for elementary schools. velopment firm, promises United States com­ kans, competition between two parties that And I am proud of having enlisted in the panies fully fringed labor costs which average represent ethnic ideas always results in armed forces where I will continue to be a $1.25 per hour. Labor costs, including all ben­ bloodshed." citizen dedicated to the preservation of efits, which average $1.25 per hour; that's $10 American Freedom. per day; $40 per week; and we're not even JROTC aided me in becoming a respon­ talking take home pay. TRIBUTE TO OLGA TORRES sible, dedicated citizen. It would be fantastic Or how about the company which holds if everyone could go through this program. If seminars on how to take advantage of a they did, our country would profit. HON. SOLOMON P. ORTIZ $25,000 savings per assembler, per year? OF TEXAS That's $25,000 which they are promising to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FIRMS GET A JUMP ON FAST take out of the pockets of American workers, TRACK-JOBS GO TO MEXICO promising to take out of the American econ­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 omy. Is this what my opponents had in mind Mr. ORTIZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II when they said that the fear of losing Amer­ commend Olga Torres, a talented and out­ OF WEST VIRGINIA ican jobs to Mexico is far fetched? standing young woman from Brownsville, TX. I ask you Mr. Speaker, is this the fate of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Olga recently won the prestigious JROTC 75th American labor? Are the sacrifices which were Anniversary National Essay Contest. Olga is Tuesday, October 29, 1991 made in the past by our fathers and mothers, the daughter of Agustin and Herlinda Torres. Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, last May, during grandfathers and grandmothers to ensure fair She recently graduated from Homer Hanna the debate on extending fast-track authority, I wages, safe working conditions, and a decent October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28977 standard of living going to be thrown away for That's a necessary strategy. During Ed­ sioned in 1945 and struck from the naval reg­ $1.25 an hour? Have we forgotten the strug­ wards' gubernatorial reign in the 1970s, he istry in 1946. gle, the pain, the humiliation, which was en­ was known as a gambler and a womanizer, However, the memory of the Phelps lives on and twice was indicted on federal racketeer­ in its former crew as they gather to celebrate dured by the citizens of this country whose ing charges (though he was never convicted). only desire was to be able to perform an hon­ But Duke's past is far more worrisome. He their distinguished service and the memory of est day's work in a clean, safe, factory for an has worn the robes of a klansman and the the Phelps every 2 years. I am particularly honest day's wage. These were people who cloth of a neo-Nazi. He has traded those out­ proud that George J. Parness, the mayor of took pride in their work and in their country fits for power suits, well-coiffed hair and a Suffern, NY, a village in my congressional dis­ and instilled this pride in their children. man-of-the-middle image. And it's working. trict, was one of the Phelps crewmen. The achievements of our grandparents can­ He has appealed to traditional Republican I request that the history of the U.S.S. strongholds by preaching the evils of the not be forgotten. They are part of what has Phelps, written by George Parness and Harold welfare system and those who must make Placette, be inserted at this point in the CON­ made this country what it is today. We should use of it-in Louisiana's case, that means be focusing our attentions on ways to make mostly blacks. He blames crime, drugs and GRESSIONAL RECORD in order to enable my this country stronger, not on ways to send the other social ills on them and says he will re­ colleagues to read the history of this great jobs, which decent, hardworking Americans duce social service costs by lowering the "il­ ship and her dedicated crew and their heroic deserve, to Mexico. legitimate welfare birthrate." service to our Nation's war effort that saved Those are dangerous words, ones meant to the world from dictatorial domination during stir up racial hatred. As the economy re­ World War II: mains comatose, anger rises and people get DUKE MUDDIES THE MAINSTREAM THE STORY OF THE U.S.S. "PHELPS" (DD-360) hungrier to find scapegoats on which to blame their predicament. Duke is exploiting The U.S.S. Phelps (DD-360) was commis­ HON. DONALD J. PEASE those emotions. sioned in 1936, decommissioned in 1945, and scrapped in 1946. In one short decade, the OF OHIO That's disgusting no matter when it's done. But Duke's mouthings come as racial Phelps played a part in international diplo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tensions flare around the country. Many col­ macy, survived Pearl Harbor and engaged Tuesday, October 29, 1991 lege campuses are experiencing increases in the enemy in World War II, (12 battle stars), and rescued numerous downed aviators. An Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, I would like to call racial incidents; so, too, are big cities where melting pots are bubbling over into violence. enviable record in such a short time! my colleagues' attention to the following edi­ The national Republican Party, of which After her commissioning in Boston, the torial, which appeared recently in the Plain Duke claims to be a member, disavows any Phelps was the only destroyer selected to ac­ Dealer, Cleveland's daily newspaper and the connection to the state representative. Still, company President Franklin D. Roosevelt to largest circulation daily in Ohio. It discusses, Duke is gaining legitimacy, in large part, by Buenos Aires, Argentina when he opened the Inter-American Peace Conference of 1936. succinctly and articulately, a frightening trend invoking many of the same cries as the mainline GOP. Duke's platform, concedes Upon returning to Boston, the Phelps re­ which is becoming apparent in this Nation. ceived a letter from the President containing The politics of divisiveness emerged during the Louisiana Republican Party, is built on standard Republican arguments-such as those phrases which are the inspiration of all President Bush's first Presidential campaign, quotas being unfair to whites. Navy men: "A smart ship! To every man in and they have been employed by the Presi­ If Duke has become mainstream, he has your ship's company, 'Well done'". dent and many of his followers ever since. We floated in on the wave of political strategy Assigned to the Pacific Fleet in 1937, the have witnessed them most recently in the begun by the late Lee Atwater, the Repub­ Phelps was again honored by being selected to take President Roosevelt from Seattle, President's rhetoric regarding important civil lican strategist who made Willie Horton a household name during the last presidential Washington to Victoria, B.C. for the Presi­ rights legislation as well as the White House's dent's meeting with the Prime Minister of strategy during the Thomas confirmation hear­ campaign. Perhaps the Republicans never expected British Columbia in October of that year. ings. Mr. Speaker, these tactics are pitting their rhetoric and tactics to be used so deftly In 1939, the Phelps home port was shifted to American against American on the basis of by a former klansman. Perhaps they deserve Pearl Harbor, where she was designated race and gender. to see the perverted maturation of their divi­ Flagship, Destroyer Squadron ONE, Battle It is dangerous to forget that human emo­ sive brand of politics. Force, United States Fleet. On that fateful What's more important is to not ignore the morning of December 7, 1941, the Phelps was tions are deeply rooted and easily manipu­ alongside a destroyer tender in Pearl Harbor, lated. The victories the United States has anger Louisiana voters have shown through their support of Duke. Leaders must look at and all shut down. With only three officers, scored against prejudice and discrimination one Lieutenant and two newly-commissioned since the 1960's are fading as the political the problems behind that discontent and de­ vise solutions that will be equitably bene­ Ensigns, and approximately fifty percent of strategies of the GOP shamelessly stir up the ficial for all Americans. One thing is certain: the crew, the Phelps got up steam, got under­ very worst in human nature. Try as they might, The country cannot afford to be governed by way through fire and confusion, steamed out the President and the Replublican Party can­ bigotry. into the Pacific, stayed underway for 72 not distance themselves from the monstrous hours with the Lieutenant on the bridge the tactics they have popularized. David Duke is entire time, and finally returned to Pearl THE U.S.S. "PHELPS" Harbor when it was safe to do so. employing the lessons of his teachers all too February 1942 found the Phelps steaming well in the Louisiana gubernatorial contest. with the carrier Lexington task group when Mr. Speaker, I hope that my colleagues will HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN attacked by Japanese aircraft. That was the read this editorial and take its admonitions to OF NEW YORK first major air battle of the war, in which Lt. heart. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES E.H. "Butch" O'Hare became one of the first [From the Plain Dealer] aces of the war by shooting down five enemy Tuesday, October 29, 1991 aircraft. The Chicago airport is named after DUKE MUDDIES THE MAINSTREAM Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to this naval aviation hero. A frightening, real-life drama is being bring to the attention of my colleagues the in­ In May 1942, the Phelps was again steaming played out in Louisiana. It bears watching as with the Lexington in the Battle of the Coral a foreboding measure of U.S. race relations. spiring story of the U.S.S. Phelps. Sea. When the Lexington was rendered help­ Louisiana voters last week gave former Ku The U.S.S. Phelps was commissioned in less by the attacking Japanese aircraft and Klux Klan Grand Wizard David Duke a berth 1936, but her true history did not begin until resulting fires, the Phelps was designated to in the electoral runoff for the governor's of­ the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese stay behind the retreating task group, pick fice. Duke claimed about 32% of the vote, in 1941. The Phelps survived the infamous up the last survivors, and torpedo the burn­ coming in second to Democratic former gov­ Japanese attack and her crew went on to earn ing carrier to prevent the Japanese from at­ ernor and gambler Edwin W. Edwards. 12 Battle Stars for engaging the enemy and tempting to salvage the hulk and claim a The bayou state's electorate historically rescuing numerous downed aviators. moral victory. The following month the Phelps was in the has supported flamboyant politicians who Additionally, the Phelps took part in many have more skeletons in their closets than po­ thick of the action again, operating with the sition papers in their portfolios. Edwards is other historical battles including the Battles of carrier Enterprise at the Battle of Midway. no angel-in-pinstripes. He has said he will the Coral Sea, Midway, and the assault on During the three-day battle, the Phelps base this campaign on what's best for the Guadalcanal. After its enviable World War II picked up two dive bomber pilots, one whose state, not on personalities and the past. record, the U.S.S. Phelps was decommis- plane was damaged by enemy gunfire, and 28978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 the other whose plane ran out of gas while tory's work. Phytoplankton are microscopic fellow Illinois citizens in terms of need here at returning to the Enterprise. plants that form the foundation of the food home. In August, U.S. forces launched the assault web and fisheries productivity. There is evi­ iA two-star general with the U.S. Air Force, on Guadalcanal, with the Phelps assigned to dence that this organism can help control the the carrier Saratoga task group providing air flow of carbon dioxide to the deep ocean and General Holesinger has been awarded numer­ support to the landing operations. During ous decorations, including the Air Medal with the months of July and August, the Phelps thereby influence global climate change. recovered several aviators whose planes were Oceans and their life-supporting ecosystems one Oak Leaf Cluster. Air Force Commenda­ damaged in aerial combat or ditched for a cover 70 percent of the Earth. The Center tion Medal, Combat Readiness Medal with variety of reasons. contains the largest colJection of marine Four Oak Leaf Clusters, the National Defense The Phelps returned to the Mare Island phytoplankton in the world and supplies re­ Medal with a Bronze Star and the Korean Naval Shipyard in California for new radar searchers around the world. This legislation Service Medal. Active in the Air Force Asso­ equipment and more anti-aircraft guns. In provides well-deserved recognition to the Cen­ place of heat and humidity, the Phelps next ciation and the National Guard Association of went to the Aleutian Islands with the Am­ ter, and confirms its place as a leader in the the United States, the Reserve Forces Policy phibious Force to drive the Japanese forces study of marine phytoplankton. Board and the Executive Council of the Na­ out of Attu and Kiska. That task completed, tional Guard Association, General Holesinger's the Phelps proceeded to Pearl Harbor and joined the Task Force headed for the Gilbert COMMENDING MAJ. GEN. HAROLD contributions extend far beyond the Illinois Islands. Here her accurate gunfire helped de­ GENE HOLESINGER ON ms RE­ borders. stroy Japanese shore batteries on Makin Is­ TIREMENT AS ADJUTANT GEN­ I know his wife, Dolores, and two children land. ERAL OF THE ILLINOIS NA­ are proud of his years of distinguished service. Two months later, the Phelps was part of TIONAL GUARD the Amphibious Force that assaulted Kwaja­ I join them and thank Harold for his years of lein, in the Marshall Islands. On D-Day Plus selfless service and wish both he and his fam­ 1, the Phelps was the first destroyer to enter HON. RICHARD J. DURBIN ily all the best for the future. the lagoon at Kwajalein and shell Japanese OF ILLINOIS positions from inside the atoll. Three weeks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES later, the Phelps was again the first de­ stroyer to proceed into the lagoon at Eniwe­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 tok, following a small U.S. minesweeper. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to THE INTRODUCTION OF A BILL TO Luck ran out during the bombardment of honor Maj. Gen. Harold Holesinger, the IMPROVE THE FEDERAL PRISON Saipan in June 1944. The Phelps was hit by State's highest ranking military officer, upon INDUSTRIES PROGRAM Japanese shore batteries, with significant damage, several injured, and one fatality. his retirement following nearly 40 years of Because of the heavy repair workload in service with the Illinois Army National Guard. HON. IKE SKELTON Pearl Harbor and the West Cost shipyards, Major General Holesinger currently serves as the Phelps returned to the Atlantic and was the Illinois Adjutant General and director of the OF MISSOURI repaired at the Charleston, South Carolina Illinois Department of Military Affairs. In this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Navy Yard. Her last year of service was spent capacity, General Holesinger has admirably in the Atlantic on convoy duty between the fulfilled his responsibility to both the 15,000 Tuesday, October 29, 1991 United States and Europe/North Africa. men and women serving with the National The physical parts of the ship-the hull, Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise to intro­ the guns, the engines-are minor contribu­ Guard and the State of Illinois for planning, tors of this decade of glory. The ship's com­ development and implementation of Illinois duce a bill to improve the Federal Prison In­ pany, from plank owners at the commission­ National Guard defense policies. General dustry [FPI] Program run by the Bureau of ing in Boston to the men who were serving at Holesinger has made a strong contributions to Prisons. The program has provided useful em­ the time of her decommissioning in Brook­ both Illinois and the Nation and his leadership ployment for Federal prisoners for 60 years. lyn almost ten years later-these are the will be missed. Teaching them working skills and keeping men of whom we can be justly proud. General Holesinger's record of service is, in them occupied and out of trouble. When they meet every other year to recap­ so many ways, a model of success. He was ture the past, the hopes is voiced that per­ promoted to the position of adjutant general The doubling of the prison population over haps some day there will be another Phelps. the last 1O years, however, has put a tremen­ The Phelps shipmates will next meet in San for the State of Illinois in November 1983. A Antonio in the fall of 1992, and the glories of native of Morrison, IL, General Holesinger is a dous pressure on FPI to grow at any cost. Un­ the years gone by will be told once again. graduate of Morrison High School and at­ fortunately it is America's taxpaying small tended Northern Illinois State Teachers Col­ businesses who have paid the price. Federal lege. He began his military service in 1948, Prison Industries have used their a preemptive PROVASOLI-GUILLARD CENTER enlisting as a private in the 33d Division of the right to Federal contracts extensively, and re­ Illinois Army National Guard. Awarded his pi­ served for themselves the lion's share of Fed­ HON. lHOMAS H. ANDREWS lot's wings, Gene Holesinger was commis­ eral business in a number of product cat­ OF MAINE sioned as a second lieutenant in 1952. With egories. In so doing, they have ignored their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES combat experience in Korea, active service own mandate to find labor intensive products during the Berlin crisis and over 5,000 flying without dominating any one industry. As a re­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 hours in various aircraft, General Holesinger Mr. ANDREWS of Maine. Mr. Speaker, has also served as a gunnery instructor pilot sult, the taxpayer has been ill-served by a rise to announce the introduction of a resolu­ and a flight commander. costly program providing a minimal benefit and tion, with Representative OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, As the recent experience in the Persian Gulf small businesses caught in the squeeze have to designate as a national center and facility demonstrates, our National Guard and Re­ either laid off their law-abiding employees or the Provasoli-Guillard Center for the Culture of serve forces are ready and able to step for­ closed their doors altogether. Marine Phytoplankton at the Bigelow Labora­ ward and serve our Nation far from home in The bill that I introduce today in conjunction tory in West Boothbay Harbor, ME. This is times of need. During General Holesinger's with 12 of our colleagues, Mr. Speaker, would companion legislation to a bill introduced in leadership, the National Guard posted its high­ make Federal Prison Industries a responsible the Senate by Senators GEORGE MITCHELL est level of readiness in Illinois history. Units participant in the Federal procurement market and WILLIAM COHEN. such as Springfield's 233d Military Police Co., The Bigelow Laboratory is known through­ and Chicago's 108th Medical Battalion dem­ by requiring them to compete for contracts out the scientific community for its significant onstrated their courage and dedication during and execute them efficiently. Our bill will sim­ contributions to the research of the marine en­ Operation Desert Storm. However, the ply require the program managers to work vironment in Maine, the country and other re­ Guard's dedication and service is equally harder to find more appropriate opportunities gions of the world. The Provasoli-Guillard demonstrated by the disaster relief, comfort for their work force that provides the least in­ Center plays an important role in the labora- and humanitarian assistance extended to their trusion on existing small businesses. October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28979 STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE This was not an easy decision to make. In are considering 12 year limits. Ours is only AL SWIFT this Congress I became Chairman of a very six. We are still disadvantaged. important sub-committee-a Chairmanship And besides, they are asking us to go first. that will allow me to even better serve the "Hey," they say, "I've got a great idea: Let's HON. VIC FAZIO people of the Second District. I will be able all cut off our right thumb. You go first. I'll OF CALIFORNIA to use this new position to, among other be right behind you." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES things, help restore Amtrak to our commu­ Sure, and the check is in the mail. nity-and improve the service between Se­ If this is a good idea for everyone-and I Tuesday, October 29, 1991 attle and Portland. I also want to complete don't think it is-then everyone should do it Mr. FAZIO. Mr. Speaker, I know that my col­ the rewrite of our nation's basic recycling together. And our system provides a means leagues share my deep sense of professional law this term and update the Superfund law to amend the federal Constitution to do that. and personal regret over the announcement in the next. But to do it alone is the legislative equiva­ I want to deal with traffic problems at the lent of unilateral disarmament. We will by our distinguished friend from Washington, Canadian border, flood control work, help stand naked, shivering in the cold winds of Congressman AL SWIFT, that he will seek re­ Max McYoung get the Skagit Wild and Sce­ harsh political reality, while the well-mean­ election to the House only one more time. The nic River properly funded and attended to. ing local supporters of 553 explain that they loss of such an intelligent, principled, and ef­ I'd like to see the Everett Home Port open really did think that others would follow our fective legislator will be sharply felt in this and want to be sure that NAS Whidbey sur­ lead and they can't tell us how sorry they Chamber by the people of the State of Wash­ vives the 1993 base closure process. There is, are that they didn't. ington and by the Nation. of course, even more. As for the out of state forces that started In keeping with the remarkable quality of his So, I have been certain that I wanted to this and are bank-rolling it, they could not run one more time. My wife and I were mov­ care less. entire career, Congressman SWIFT used the ing strongly, however, to the decision that it My third and final point is really my first occasion of his retirement announcement to would probably be the last. It simply oc­ one, the one I remember from school. 553 discuss the threat to democracy posed by the curred to us that if we made that decision limits people a lot more than it does politi­ term limit movement with great insight and now, rather than in a couple of years as cians. It limits the citizens in a free society. power. would be more typical, I could speak out on And that is dangerous. I insert his moving remarks into the RECORD Initiative 553, without having anything at How can it be dangerous? in the hope that every citizen who cares about stake, personal, professional, or political. The premise of this measure is that people the preservation of government "of the people, This decision is irrevocable. cannot be trusted to make up their own by the people, and for the people" will take Now, having said that, let me discuss I-553. minds the fourth time a legislator runs. 553 is like the apple in Eden: It is very They are too easily influenced by incum­ the time to review them. tempting and it will lead to no good. First, bency, too readily gulled by professional STATEMENT: AL SWIFT, OCTOBER 25, 1991 as I have said, it purports to limit lazy, cor­ politicians we are told. I was in high school when we ratified the rupt and unresponsive politicians. But it Well, someone is going to ask, if the people Constitutional amendment limiting Presi­ throws the baby out with the bath water. In can't be trusted to make a wise decision the dential terms. The rationale was that serv­ fact, a sound argument can be made that it fourth time, how can they be trusted to de­ ing more than that gave presidents too much primarily throws out the baby and leaves the cide wisely the third time . . . or the second. power in relation to the Congress. I remem­ bath water; it throws out people like House How can they even be trusted to make such ber believing even then that the solution was Speaker Tom Foley who is respected and, weighty and important decisions at all? too radical for the problem. I argued that the most importantly, is a known quantity-for In short, this is an attack-not on en­ term limitation proposal was actually a lim­ what? At the very best it assures that a re­ trenched politicians-but on the very right itation on a free people to choose whomever spected, known quantity will be replaced by of people to choose their own leaders. they wish to be their President. a totally unknown one. Tell the truth: What A final observation along that line. Some­ In ten days, the citizens of Washington are the chances that Tom Foley's replace­ how we've come to a point where, as free State will vote to determine if they will ment will be better than he is? In this sense, citizens in this great land, we no longer be­ similarly limit themselves in who they may Initiative 553 is simply a crap shoot. Our lieve we can have an effect on our political wish to serve in the Governor's office, other odds of winning that game are poor. process. I think that is because somewhere executive offices, the legislature and pre­ Aside from that, there are three major rea­ we got the idea that democracy was easy. sumably, in Congress. I think this would be sons to reject 553 and one very good action Thomas Jefferson said that "eternal vigi­ a very serious mistake-one that we will people can take to restore their confidence lance is the price of liberty." That does not deeply regret, not today or tomorrow, per­ in our system. sound easy to me. This country was founded haps, but fairly soon and until we repeal it. The first reason is that this is an out-of­ by people willing to sacrifice their lives, The frustration I have felt in speaking out town, out-of-state movement with a secret their fortunes and their sacred honor in against this very popular response to the in­ agenda. An excellent piece of investigative order to be free and self-governing. And tense frustration people are feeling these reporting done by the Tacoma News Tribute many Americans since have died to protect-­ days is that, as a Member of Congress, whose revealed that Initiative 553 is the brainchild fundamentally-our right to vote, our right service to my district would be cut short by of a small group of very rich, very extreme to choose our leaders, which is the essence of this initiative, I have no credibility. citizens, not one of whom lives in Washing­ our democracy. "You're just trying to hang on to your ton State. And it is bankrolled by that Now, some people are telling us that they job," people will say, and that is understand­ group, which includes among others the 18th have come up with a "no sweat" democracy. able. But I believe this radical surgery on wealthiest family in-the-world. Pass Initiative 553 and we'll give you a "set the body politic will be so bad for people and The second reason: When California passed and forget" political system. You won't have for our democratic institutions that I very a term limitation bill, they carefully ex­ to lift a finger. much want to speak out, to address my fel­ empted their Congressional delegation. With You won't have to find out what anybody low citizens in a way in which they will at the largest and most powerful delegation in stands for. You won't have to search out vot­ least give serious and thoughtful consider­ the nation, California is the only state which ing records. You won't have to struggle to ation to what I say-rather than dismissing might be able to survive the self-crippling of understand issues-some of which are very it as merely self-interest. their influence in Congress. However, they complex and difficult these days. You won't Therefore I am announcing today that I did not do that. But the initiative created have to do that because-we've done the will seek only one more term, in 1992. I will for us by out-of-state forces very specifically founding fathers one better. Citizens won't not run for re-election after next year, re­ limits our ability to defend ourselves in Con­ have to pay any attention because every gardless of the outcome of Initiative 553. I gress. There are serious Constitutional ques­ three elections we throw everybody out-­ will not run for the Senate. I will not run for tions about that provision, but I wouldn't good and bad. You won't need to pay atten­ Governor. I will never again seek public of­ bet the farm on this Supreme Court and tion because if a stinker gets in office, he fice. that's what we're being asked to do. will soon be gone. And if a really good person Some of the finest public servants I have So what is at stake? Just for starters: our gets in, there's nothing you can do to keep ever known have spent their whole lives in power, our electricity rates, our water, a fair them there, so you really don't have to public office: Senator Jackson and Senator portion of Pacific Rim trade, and, at its very worry about governing yourself anymore. Magnuson to name two great ones. However, core, our ability to have control of our own Initiative 553 will just take care of all that I have not. I worked most of my life in the fate when our giant neighbor to the South for you. private sector. I am one of those citizen leg­ decides otherwise. I got interested in politics a long time ago islators we hear so much about. I do not fear Some say, but eventually, this will apply because I think it is the heart of what makes returning to the private sector. to all the states. Stop and think. Most states a democratic society work. And I believe 28980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 that a nation's politics is as good as its peo­ qualities will hopefully remain in their spirits for rolling fields of his island home left largely un­ ple are vigilant. the competitive world ahead of them. spoiled by development. But he was ever gen­ Democracy is not a spectator sport. Mr. Speaker, I ask you and my colleagues Over the years I've worked on more cam­ erous. When charity asked, he responded, do­ paigns for other people than I have for my­ to join me in saluting Mr. Paul Grande. I am nating portions of his beloved land to nearly self. I never expected to run for office, let indeed proud of his honorable service to our two dozen community organizations including alone have the great honor of representing next generation of leaders in this country. churches and schools. some very good people in the United States Born on Vieques and raised on Culebra, Congress. Don Felix had almost no formal education. He But here I am-proof that you can make a IN HONOR OF BREAST CANCER fibbed about his age to a U.S. Navy recruiter difference. I am a truck driver's son and I AWARENESS MONTH and joined the service at the age of 14. Ever have been able to make a difference. Don't tell me you can't. I had a very happy child­ HON. TOBY ROTH eager for knowledge, he traveled the world, hood in a blue collar neighborhood on reading and experiencing life. He first came to McKinley Hill in Tacoma and got my first OF WISCONSIN the Virgin Islands in 1928 and moved to St. job at Sprague Hardware when I was four­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Croix 1O years later to begin raising cattle, ac­ teen. And I was able to make a difference. So Tuesday, October 29, 1991 quiring property as his business prospered. can anyone. Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in rec­ My grandfather, Don Antonio Lugo y I worked my way through college-the Suarez, knew Don Felix well in their days in first one in my family to graduate and I was ognition of October 1991 as "National Breast Cancer Awareness Month." As this month Vieques before they moved to the Virgin Is­ able to make a difference. Just like millions lands, Don Felix to St. Croix and Don Antonio of other Americans. draws to a close, it is my hope that greater And one strange day I decided to run for national emphasis will result in more effective to St. Thomas. I was fortunate to become ac­ Congress and I faced powerful forces-equiv­ diagnosis and treatment of this deadly dis­ quainted with Don Felix in 1956 when I moved alent of incumbency-and I was outspent, ease. from St. Thomas to St. Croix. I learned first two to one. But I was elected. It can be done. More than 175,000 new cases of breast hand so much that I had heard through the In fact, it is done regularly. years from family and friends about what a In the last 9 elections right here in Wash­ cancer will be diagnosed this year while nearly 44,000 women will die from this disease. It is forceful yet kina man he was. ington State, we've elected 12 new people An era has passed with the passing of Don just to our small Congressional delegation­ the second leading cause of death among and jn the process defeated 4 incumbents. We women in the United States. Despite early de­ Felix Pitterson, an era which will be remem­ can change our delegation and we do change tection, the mortality rate has. remained un­ bered with pride and fondness by all who our delegation. We can defeat incumbents changed for 60 years and the incidence rates knew this outstanding man. and we do defeat incumbents. continue to escalate for reasons which remain It just takes "participation." I no longer have any political stake in this unclear. TERRY'S LAST BIRTHDAY IN initiative, but I do have a personal one, As a In my home State of Wisconsin, approxi­ CAPTIVITY citizen of this state, I care deeply about its mately 3, 100 women will develop breast can­ future, and just as every other citizen of cer this year, and while many cases will be Washington, I have an enormous personal detected early enough to save lives, many HON. LOUISE M. SLAUGHTER stake in its well being. women will suffer and die. We must support OF NEW YORK And I ask my fellow citizens to get in­ and encourage greater access to mammog­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES volved. Elect whom you wish. Defeat whom raphy and breast examinations because early Tuesday, October 29, 1991 you choose. Be active. Take control. But detection is crucial to survival. don't-Don't ever give away your control to Ms. SLAUGHTER of New York. Mr. Speak­ Mr. Speaker, continued research is vital if someone who promises every thing will be all er, 6-year-old Sulome Anderson was on the we are to find a way to end this senseless right. Democracy inherently means the right evening news this weekend, singing "Happy loss of life. I am confident that we will reach to vote and the right to choose our leader­ Birthday" in childlike innocence to a father she this goal through the efforts of many organiza­ ship-but it is not, and never has been, a bur­ has never met. Little Sulome was born 4 den of responsibility. It is a sacred trust. If tions and individuals-the American Cancer months after Terry Anderson was abducted in we turn our back on that trust, we, and the society alone has more than 2.5 million volun­ Beirut in 1985. The wish Sulome made this rest of our country, will lose so much more teers nationwide. I commend these people for than just a few more Congressmen. weekend as she blew out the candles on her their dedication. I want to thank all of the father's birthday cake was that Terry might women who contacted me this month to ex­ come home in time to celebrate her own sev­ TRIBUTE TO PAUL GRANDE press their concerns about breast cancer. I enth birthday this coming Spring. share your commitment, and I join with you to Sunday, October 27, 1991 , was Terry An­ fight this killer. derson's 44th birthday-the 7th birthday which HON. JACK REED Most importantly, I have the deepest admi­ he has marked in captivity. Terry's family and OF RHODE ISLAND ration for those women who are fighting breast friends are hopeful that this will be his last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cancer and have the courage to go on in life. birthday as a hostage. At church and commu­ You are not only an inspiration but also a Tuesday, October 29, 1991 nity services marking Terry's birthday in East symbol of hope for the future when someday Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay Pembroke, N.Y.; Lorain, OH; and, Cadiz, KY, this fight will be won. tribute to Mr. Paul Grande, former president of the prevailing sentiment was one of great love the Silver Lake Little League, on the occasion and hope. Intense efforts by U.N. Secretary­ · of a testimonial honoring his three decades of FELIX "DON FELIX" PITTERSON General Javier Perez de Cuellar on behalf of service to the youth of Rhode Island. Mr. the Western hostages and the recent home­ Grande has displayed compassionate leader­ HON. RON de LUGO comings of Jesse Turner and John McCarthy ship and commitment to his community. have buoyed expectations that the remaining OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mr. Grande's dedication to young athletes is hostages will soon be free. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES evidenced through the numerous positions he The Middle East peace conference opening has held such as being a coach of little league Tuesday, October 29, 1991 tomorrow in Madrid holds an historic oppor­ baseball for 35 years, or being a Cub Scout Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, A great and tunity to end at last the crimes of terrorism master for 14 years and umpiring for baseball wonderful man, Felix "Don Felix" Pitterson, which have robbed Terry of 7 years of his life. games for 1O years. A well-respected individ­ has passed away at the age of 93. A man of As Secretary Baker negotiated the convening ual of Providence, he stands as an usher at generosity and compassion, Don Felix was of such a peace conference, I was proud to masses for St. Barthlomew's Parish and is a self-taught and self-made. He grew up in pov­ gather the support of 47 of my colleagues in member of the Holy Name Society. erty but by the time of his death, he was pos­ the House in petitioning President Bush to Mr. Grande's efforts with the youth of Silver sibly the largest landowner on St. Croix. make freedom for the hostages and an end to Lake have instilled confidence, aggressive­ But Don Felix never used the land as so terrorism a priority in the Middle East con­ ness, and growth within each child and these many others do. He was content to see the ference. I hope that Terry is aware of our con- October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28981 cern and our efforts in pressing for his re- THE INTRODUCTION OF THE LONG But, more needs to be done to address the lease; and I pray that he accepts these efforts ISLAND SOUND RESTORATION specific and significant water quality problems as a genuine sign that he has not been forgot- ACT OF 1991 in the New York metropolitan area. As the ten. population in the Long Island Sound drainage basin continues to increase, the demands on On this bittersweet occasion of Terry Ander­ HON. ROBERT J. MRAZEK Long Island Sound are directly related to the son's birthday, I ask all of my colleagues to re­ OF NEW YORK stress on this important ecosystem. Clearly, member Terry and the other hostages in their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this legislation acknowledges a Federal com­ thoughts and prayers, so that next year, this Tuesday, October 29, 1991 mitment to the region as the goals and rec­ same date might be a cause for real celebra­ Mr. MRAZEK. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ommendations of the CCMP are implemented tion-the celebration of freedom. announce that I am introducing legislation that after the Long Island Sound study is con­ will help to ensure that we will always be able cluded next year. to enjoy Long Island Sound as a source of It is my hope that this important demonstra­ recreation, livelihood, and natural beauty. The tion will both serve as a model for estuary THIRTEEN YEARS OF AIRLINE Long Island Sound Restoration Act of 1991 cleanup and will be included as part of the up­ DEREGULATICN develops a demonstration program to rejuve­ coming Clean Water Act reauthorization. nate Long Island Sound and restore water quality in designated bays and harbors. HON. DOUG BEREUfER Currently, the Environmental Protection A SALUTE TO TOM McNIEL Agency [EPA] is working to complete the 6- OF NEBRASKA year comprehensive conservation and man­ HON. SAM JOHNSON agement plan [CCMP] of the Long Island IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS Sound study under the National Estuary Pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, October 29, 1991 gram. The research and assessment phase is being concluded and EPA has released a doc­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, during the ument to address findings on hypoxia-low Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I past several years the United States has seen dissolved oxygen, which is the leading prob­ would like to take this opportunity today to tell a procession of airline bankruptcies, mergers, lem in the Sound-the "Status Report and In­ my colleagues about a man who has served and takeovers. These changes have resulted terim Actions for Hypoxia Management." In our Nation well for many years, Tom McNiel. in decreased competition and, in turn, fewer fact, the Long Island Sound Policy Committee For the past 23 years, Tom has served as the choices and greater inconvenience for pas­ recently agreed to the implementation of strat­ chairman of Texas' Third Congressional Dis­ sengers. As a result, more and more Ameri­ egies to prevent net increases in nitrogen and trict Candidate Selection Board to help appoint cans are becoming disenchanted with the to prevent nonpoint source increases. outstanding young men and women to Ameri­ overall effects of airline deregulation. This new program will be a first-step toward ca's service academies. Clearly, a thriving and competitive airline in­ improving the water quality of Long Island As a member of the U.S. Military Academy's dustry is essential to the economic health of Sound as well as implementing the rec­ Class of 1945, Tom McNiel knows the rigors the United States and the well-being of its citi­ ommendations of the CCMP. While it is not and rewards of our military academies. He the solution to all of Long Island Sound's zens. However, the recent consolidation of the emerged from his own West Point experience water quality problems, it is a major step for­ airline industry and the demise of some of the with patriotism and dedication. He has passed ward. on those values to the academy applicants giants has generated much concern about the The goals of the legislation are to restore industry's future. After more than a decade of with whom he has worked. water quality in designated bays and harbors, During Tom McNiel's many years of leader­ deregulation, it is appropriate to take a look at enhance opportunities for recreation, maintain the results and determine the best course for ship, the Dallas area's Third Congressional a healthy ecosystem, minimize health risks as­ District has sent many young men and women the coming years. sociated with human consumption of shellfish to the academies. The Third District is well The following editorial from the October 3, and finfish, and advance the goals and rec­ represented with 21 appointees currently at­ 1991, edition of the Lincoln Journal is a brief ommendations of the CCMP. tending the U.S. Air Force Academy, 18 at the but insightful look at the disturbing trend to­ Under the program, the EPA will provide Naval Academy, 17 at West Point, and 6 at ward consolidation in the airline industry. I grants to the States of New York and Con­ the Merchant Marine Academy. commend this editional to my colleagues. necticut in order to remediate and restore a Mr. Speaker, Tom McNiel has served his total of six bays and/or harbors within Long Is­ [From the Lincoln Journal, Oct. 3, 1991] country, many young people, myself, and my land Sound. The selection of bays and/or har­ predecessors through his leadership on Texas' Is THIS How DEREGULATION OF AIRLINES WAS bors will be subdivided throughout the Sound, Third District Candidate Selection Board. I TO END UP? with one in New York City. The designation of offer Tom McNiel my heartfelt thanks for his bays and/or harbors will be made in coopera­ Airline deregulation, commencing in 1978, service to Texas and to America. was held out, by Republicans and Democrats tion with the Long Island Sound Management alike, as a sure boon to travelers. Committee. The States will use the grants to address HCFA REGULATION COULD JEOP­ The promise was that in an opened market, any combination of the following problems: ARDIZE KENTUCKY'S MEDICAID competitive opportunities and commercial pollutants from nonpoint sources, waste from freedom would spawn new carriers and cut PROGRAM all passenger costs. That tended to happen; recreational boats, pollutants carried by rivers, anyway, at the beginning. airborne pollutants, degradation of wetlands, HON. HAROLD ROGERS and pollutants from point sources. Also, a pub­ Seventeen airlines were formed between OF KENTUCKY lic education component is included. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1979 and 1985. The program requires monitoring and the Fourteen of them no longer fly. submission of periodic reports to EPA and one Tuesday, October 29, 1991 Today, just three airlines alone carry more to Congress at the conclusion of the program. Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, on September than half of all the passenger load. Add five The total program cost is $325 million, with a 1O the Health Care Financing Administration more carriers and they have 90 percent of the Federal contribution of $250 million. [HCF A] announced its intention to prohibit market. As a member of the House Appropriations States from raising Medicaid matching funds The evolution is toward an oligopoly, or a Committee, I have advocated increased fund­ through provider fees or voluntary donations. If market containing an controlled by only a ing for clean water-related programs, including enacted, this proposed regulation will have a few sellers. the construction grants and State revolving devastating impact on the elderly, the poor, And, oh yes, you can't get there from here, funds [SRF] programs. I strongly support the and the children of Kentucky. or at· least not conveniently, is a well-known $70 million grant for New York City appro­ If this rule goes into effect, a quarter of a story, coast to coast. priated this year and increases in the SRF. million Kentuckians with families under the 28982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 poverty level could lose their hospital cov­ the past 3 years and has volunteered with the projects. In addition to the Makahs, my district erage. Long Beach Senior Services Fund Raising also proudly features the San Juan Islands, The rule would have a disastrous effect on Committee and Senior Center Dance Commit­ the Ross Lake tours, the North Cascade High­ rural hospitals. In my district four hospitals tee. An avid gardener, George has conducted way, the Friday Harbor Whale Museum, the would lose $7 .5 million. Harlan Appalachian garden workshop classes for several organiza­ Whatcom County Ski-to-Sea Race, the Skagit Regional Hospital would lose $1.3 million, tions and participated in the 1990 arbor tree Tulip Festival, a multitude of outdoor rec­ Humana Lake Cumberland would lose $3.3 planting. Mr. Ghiotto has also instituted a gar­ reational opportunities-including the Olympic million, Whitesburg Appalachian Regional dening class for mentally impaired patients at Hospital would lose $1.2 million, and Pacific Hospital. He is an active member of National Park-and the Elma Slug Festival. Middlesboro Regional would lose $1.7 million. the Frail Elderly Task Force and Agencies and Many of these lesser-known areas want to Rural hospitals across my State are strug­ Programs on Aging [APA]. He has been in­ develop their tourism base, but lack either the gling to survive with Medicaid funds. Right strumental in establishing the Adopt-a-Police­ financial or technical wherewithal to promote now these funds are being used for many pre­ man Program, the Flag Day ceremony, and a themselves effectively to foreign visitors. ventive health care services that are critical. monthly pet visitation hour at the senior cen­ USTTA has the technical knowledge to assist Study after study has shown that if you can ter. George has also played a key role in the these areas in developing effective tourism keep people healthy from the onset, you actu­ 1991 Blue Star Memorial event at the Veter­ plans. Through its foreign contacts, USTT A ally restrain the costs of health care. ans' Administration Hospital, the first memorial Let us not be penny wise and pound foolish. recognition for our veterans in Long Beach. can then serve as a conduit through which The actions taken by my State of Kentucky Mr. Ghiotto's dedication to his community is communities can get their promotional mate­ were approved by HCFA back in 1985. obvious and the value of his services enrich rials to foreign tour vendors. Just last year, this very concept was passed and touch all of our lives. I take great pride in This bill shares a number of common points by the Congress and signed into law by the joining with all those attending this special oc­ with legislation introduced earlier this year by President. Simply stated, Congress intended casion in expressing the gratitude he so richly Senator ROCKEFELLER. Both the legislation States to develop their own strategies to cope deserves. sponsored by Senator ROCKEFELLER and my with increased Federal mandates. My wife, Lee, joins me in extending this bill contain a number of initiatives developed For the Federal Government to dictate to congressional salute to Mr. George Ghiotto. by the travel and tourism industry in response States how they may or may not raise reve­ We wish him all the best in the years to come. to criticisms voiced about USTT A. One of nues is simply not right. Mr. Speaker, I sincerely hope that the these initiatives reorganizes the foreign offices Health Care Financing Administration will re­ INTRODUCTION OF THE TOURISM by establishing three regional offices: One for vise this rule before it does needless damage POLICY AND EXPORT PRO- Europe and Africa, one for Asia and the Pa­ to the lives of millions of low-income Ameri­ MOTION ACT cific region, and one for the Americas. I be­ cans. lieve that by concentrating its resources in HON. AL SWIFT these regional offices and maintaining smaller OF WASHINGTON offices in individual countries, USTTA will have A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES greater flexibility to focus its activities in those GEORGE GHIOTT0-1991 SENIOR foreign countries where the need for USTT A Tuesday, October 29, 1991 OF THE YEAR involvement is the greatest. Mr. SWIFT. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ Both bills also establish a Deputy Under HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON ducing legislation to reauthorize the U.S. Trav­ el and Tourism Administration [USTTA]. I ask Secretary for Travel and Tourism, who will be OF CALIFORNIA a career civil servant. This person will be re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unanimous consent to have 5 legislative days to revise and extend my remarks. sponsible for USTT A's day-to-day operations, Tuesday, October 29, 1991 Travel and tourism related business is one leaving the Under Secretary free to con­ Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I rise today of our country's most significant export prod­ centrate on Federal tourism policies and to to pay tribute to an outstanding individual ucts. Last year, approximately 39.8 million work with the industry and his counterparts in whom I greatly admire, Mr. George Ghiotto. people visited the United States, an increase other countries to develop tourism trade initia­ Mr. Ghiotto, in recognition of his enormous of 55 percent over the 1985 figure. Foreign tives. In addition, my bill contains language contributions to our community, has been cho­ visitors spent about $52.8 billion in the United setting up a series of demonstration projects sen as the 1991 Senior of the Year by the States in 1990, an increase of 240 percent designed to help areas with underutilized tour­ Senior Care Action Network. This occasion af­ over the level 5 years ago. Last year was the ism potential develop tourism action plans. fords me the opportunity to express my sin­ second consecutive year in which the United cere gratitude for the work and services he States had a tourism trade surplus; in fact, for­ The legislation also limits the amount of its has provided to senior citizens in the Lake­ eign visitors accounted for about 11 percent of annual budget that USTT A can put toward wood community. the total spending on travel and tourism activi­ overhead expenses. Currently, estimates show George Ghiotto has reached a point in his ties in the United States. that USTT A's overhead costs account for ap­ life when the average person might slow down The travel and tourism industry is also one proximately 80 percent of its spending. By lim­ and enjoy retirement. George Ghiotto is not an of the Nation's largest employers, providing iting the percentage of annual appropriations average person. He continues to give freely of jobs for approximately 8.5 million Americans. that can be used for overhead expenses, we his time and energy to many community activi­ All of these statistics clearly show the impor­ can hopefully get the Agency to function more ties and organizations. His volunteer creden­ tance of a healthy travel and tourism industry efficiently. Also, the money freed from over­ tials include president-elect of the Westside to our Nation's economic well-being. Association, member of the board of directors As all of us know, however, there is much head expenses can be put to better use in the Beach Charities, Special Olympics booster, more to the United States than New York, Los Agency's generic marketing programs, and to member of the Committee of Betterment for Angeles, or Walt Disney World. In every State help regions, States, and localities develop Senior Citizens, and volunteering with the there are a host of cultural and recreational viable tourism development plans. USO. In addition, George is a member of the events that reveal the incredible depth and The subcommittee has scheduled a markup American Legion, the Kiwanis for the senior breadth of the American culture. For example, of pending legislation for later this month, at Washington State is home to the Makah Tribe, center, and the Long Beach Central Area As­ which I hope we can process this important sociation. George is also chairperson of the which has been actively developing tourism at bill. I look forward to working with my col­ Senior Citizens Police Committee, vice-presi­ its reservation. Mr. Don Johnson, Makah tribal dent for the Council of Seniors of Greater chairman, testified at an October 3 hearing of leagues in this body, the Members of the other Long Beach, and chairperson of the Senior the Subcommittee on Transportation and Haz­ body, and all other interested parties to move Center Advisory Council. He has served as ardous Materials about their efforts to develop this important reauthorization bill through the president of the Gem and Mineral Society for a number of cultural and tourism-related Congress. October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28983 MADAME C.J. WALKER'S ESTATE Madame Walker's great-great grand- Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery at the AS A NATIONAL msTORIC SITE daughter, A'Lelia Bundles, just completed the University of Maryland, School of Medicine, first book-length biography of Madame Walker. was internationally acclaimed for his re­ This publication, geared toward the young search about the effects of shock, especially HON. CARDISS COWNS as it relates to the injured cell. OF ILLINOIS adult market, was released in April 1991. Alex Governor of the State of Maryland, Wil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Haley, author of "Roots," is also working on a liam Donald Schaefer, said of Cowley, "We biography and miniseries scheduled to be have lost not only a great Marylander, but Tuesday, October 29, 1991 completed in 1992. an international figure in emergency medi­ Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, today Madame Walker has already been the sub­ cine. His dedication to establishing the na­ I am introducing legislation instructing the Na­ ject of an hour-long PBS documentary, 'Two tion's finest trauma center at the University tional Park Service to do a study and report to Dollars and a Dream," and is featured in sev­ of Maryland earned our state a reputation Congress on the feasibility and appropriate­ eral Smithsonian Institute exhibits. As well, the for medical response that is unparalleled in America," Schaefer said. "In doing so, he ness of designating Villa Lewaro, Madame Madame Walker Urban Life Center and Walk­ made Maryland- and the world-a safer C.J. Walker's Westchester County estate, as a er Theater in Indianapolis have been restored place to live. Dr. Cowley was an inspiration national historic site and purchasing the prop­ and are drawing national attention. as a healer, in his efforts to preserve lives. erty for use as an historic site. Though there I am excited that there is an opportunity to There are few peoQle in the State of Mary­ are always scores of worthy competing reclaim this unique landmark and use it for the land who have not l:ieen touched directly or projects, I believe this is truly a unique oppor­ purposes Madame Walker originally intended, indirectly by the Cowley model of care." tunity to reclaim one of black America's most and urge my colleagues to join me in support­ Cowley's contribution to emergency medi­ important landmarks. ing this effort. cal care began in 1961, when he set up a two­ Villa Lewaro--designed by Vertner W. bed clinical research unit at Universit y Hos­ pital devoted to the study and care of shock Tandy, the preeminent black architect of his R ADAMS COWLEY, M.D. and trauma victims. In less than 30 years, day-was intended as a monument to the the two hospital beds grew into a statewide achievements of African-Americans when it emergency medical system, .which includes a was completed in 1918. Now, in 1991, we en­ HON. WIWAM LEHMAN 50 hospital network with 10 trauma centers, vision it as a monument to the entrepreneurial, OF FLORIDA 450 ambulances, and extensive communica­ tions system and a fleet of Med-Evac heli­ philanthropic, activist spirit represented by Ma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dame Walker, who is believed to be the first copters. Cowley served as the leader and American woman of any race to make a mil­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 founder of Maryland's statewide EMS service until 1989. lion dollars on her own in business. Mr. LEHMAN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, it was Today, the R Adams Cowley Shock Trau­ This legislation calls upon the National Park with deep distress that I learned of the death ma Center, a 138 bed, $44 million, life-saving Service to conduct the study into the cultural on Sunday of A Adams Cowley. facility at the University of Maryland Hos­ and historical significance of Villa Lewaro and Dr. Cowley was the founder of modern trau­ pital in downtown Baltimore, stands as testi­ report to Congress on whether the property ma medicine. He used his surgical skills and mony to his life's work and the thousands of should be designated an historic site and be his powers of observation to identify the "gold­ lives that have been saved because · of purchased by the National Park Service. The en hour," during which medical intervention is Cowley's dedication. The Maryland system of home is already a national historic landmark most likely to save victims of traumatic injury treating accident victims relies on t he co­ ordination of people, communications and but is privately owned by a family who wishes from death. He developed Maryland's inter­ equipment from the accident site t o the hos­ to sell it as soon as possible. nationally known shock-trauma system, which pital, in a fine-tuned life-saving network. Of the more than 50 historic sites main­ has served as a model for systems all over "This facility is a model for t he nation and tained by the State of New York none rep­ the Nation and the world. Finally, and no the world," said Louis Goldstein, Comptrol­ resents the contributions of African-Americans. doubt most important to Adams, through his ler, State of Maryland. "We are thankful for And though there are more than 80 black na­ life's work, he has directly or indirectly saved his outstanding work and proud of his ac­ tional historic landmarks, only a handful-in­ thousands upon thousands of lives. complishments." cluding the homes of Frederick Douglass, I came to know Adams Cowley through my Friend and professional associate of Cowley's, Jonathan E. Rhoads, M.D., board Booker T. Washington, Maggie Lena Walker, work on highway safety, and he taught me ev­ chairman of the American Trauma Society Mary McCleod Bethune, and Martin Luther erything I know about trauma. He was charm­ and professor of surgery, University of Penn­ King, Jr.-are operated by the Department of ing, knowledgeable, dedicated-and also very sylvania, said, "He created the best shock the Interior. funny. I have lost a dear friend, and I know trauma system of its time anywhere in the Madame Walker planned her home as a everyone in the highway safety community will nation. He always-took t he position of sav­ gathering place for business and political lead­ miss him. I would like to extend Joan's and ing those that others would think ers. Among the guests invited to the official my deepest sympathy to Adams Cowley's unsave able." opening during a weekend-long conference widow, Roberta, and to his children, grand­ The University of Maryland at Baltimore and party in August 1918 were James Weldon President, Errol L. Reese said "Dr. Cowley children, and great-grandchildren. was a unique leader in the truest sense, a Johnson, W.E.B. DuBois, Moorfield Storey, A. Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with my man who has left an indelible mark on the Philip Randolph, Joel Spingarn, Maggie Lena colleagues the release issued by the Maryland health care systems of our state and nation. Walker, and Arthur Schomburg. After the Institute for Emergency Medical Services Sys­ Through his drive and determination, he es­ weekend, honoree Emmett Scott, Special As­ tems regarding Adams Cowley's death. I tablished the world's leading shock trauma sistant to the Secretary of War in charge of would urge my colleagues to read this account program a nd built the facilities that are un­ Negro Affairs and former private secretary to of the life and career of a very special man, matched for shock trauma care anywhere, Booker T. Washington, wrote to Madame whose accomplishments have made all our which has saved thousands of lives already and will save thousands more by serving as Walker, "No such assemblage has ever gat~ lives safer. the model for other emergency medical cen­ ered at the private home of any representative R ADAMS COWLEY, 74, DIES; PIONEER IN ters ·to emulate." of our race, I am sure." SHOCK-TRAUMA "As someone who has known Dr. Cowley When Madame Walker died in 1919, the R Adams Cowley, M.D., a pioneer in the for more than 20 years, I have never known home was willed to her daughter, A'Lelia treatment of victims of severe illness and in­ a more dedicated and hard-working individ­ Walker, with the understanding that upon her jury and the father of modern trauma medi­ ual," Dr. Reese said. "The ·campus extends daughter's death it would be turned over to cine, died of coronary failure at his home in our sympathy to the family and many the the NAACP. But when A'Lelia Walker died Baltimore, MD, on Oct. 27. He was 74 years friends of Dr. Cowley." in 1931 , in the midst of the Depression, the old. Cowley was the founder of the world re­ Cowley's rare vision brought him to realize nowned Shock Trauma Center that bears his that there was also the· need for an informa­ upkeep and taxes were beyond the organiza­ name and founder of the State of Maryland's tion clearinghouse for research into trauma tion's means at that time. Consequently, the emergency medical system-the model for and analysis of health care related to trau­ Walker estate was forced to sell the home at all others nationwide. ma. In 1986, President Reagan, with a joint a disappointingly low price, turning over the Known for his "get-things done" manage­ resolution of the 99th. Congress, created The proceeds to the NAACP. ment style, Cowley, Professor of Thoracic Charles McC, Mathias, Jr., National Study 28984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Trauma Care: Medical Management (1987). He has given more than 15 years of service to his Systems. Cowley was director of the Na­ was also instrumental in producing a variety country and who is being deservedly recog­ tional Study Center, located in Baltimore, of made-for-television programs and videos nized for his distinguished performance during and special advisor to Governor Schaefer for related to trauma, the most recent being the Maryland until his death. television version of the 1980 book, Operation Desert Storm. "Dr. Cowley revolutionized the care of peo­ Shocktrauma. Sergeant First Class McBean is currently ple with severe trauma," said Morton I. He is survived by his wife, Roberta S. Cow­ the first sergeant of the 299th Medical Detach­ Rapoport, M.D., President and Chief Execu­ ley of Baltimore; an infant son, R Adams ment Air Ambulance at Fort Drum, NY, the tive Officer of the University of Maryland Cowley, II; a daughter, Kay Cowley Pace of most senior enlisted member of the unit. He Medical System. " With his vision and deter­ Santa Cruz, Ca; three grandchildren and has received numerous awards in his military mination, he built a trauma system in Mary­ eleven great-grandchildren. His father was career: 3 Army Commendation Medals, 3 land that became an internationally re­ the late William Wallace Cowley, a phar­ macist and founder of Kowley Drug Stores, Army Achievement Medals, a National De­ nowned model for trauma care." fense Service Medal, and the Southwest Asia Marvin Mandel, former Governor of the and his mother was the late Alta-Louise State of Maryland said, "I have never met an Adams Cowley, a businesswoman, both of Medal for Service in the Persian Gulf. individual who was so totally dedicated. His Layton, Utah. Dr. Cowley was an elder in the I am very pleased to say that SFC Law­ determination made Maryland's shock trau­ Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints rence McBean is from my district, the island of ma system a reality. Thousands of people (Mormon). St. Croix. He is a native son who has made here and throughout the country owe Dr. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. his family, his friends, and his Delegate to Monday, Nov. 4, at the Church of Jesus Cowley a debt of thanks." Congress very proud. A Utah native, Cowley trained in chest Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1400 Dulaney Valley Rd. Viewing hours will be at the The soldiers who have served our country, surgery at the University of Utah, the Uni­ particular those who served in Operation versity of Michigan, and the University of church, from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. and 7 p.m. to 9 Maryland, remaining at the latter after serv­ p.m. on Saturday, Nov. 2 and Sunday, Nov. 3. Desert Storm, have given pride to their Nation ing as Military Chief of Surgery for the Burial will be at Arlington National Ceme­ for their brave and selfless task. They are men tery. and women who were willing to sacrifice, even Army in Mourmalon, France, and Munich, Donations can be made in Dr. Cowley's Germany, 1946-1947. a talented young sur­ memory to the University of Maryland to make the ultimate sacrifice, on behalf of geon, he was able to observe the 'old mas­ Foundation for the R Adams Cowley, M.D. their country when called to serve. ters' of the time in Europe, coming to realize Fellowship, which is a research fellowship at I give my thanks to SFC Lawrence McBean that many more lives were saved because of the National Study Center for Trauma/EMS. for all he has done on behalf of the United the speed with which these surgeons worked. States and the people of the Virgin Islands Because of his surgical skills and the speed ADDITIONAL MATERIAL of his scalpel, Cowley became one of a select Because of the eminence of R Adams Cow­ throughout his career as a soldier in the U.S. few who first conducted open-heart surgery ley, a number of people have responded to Army. in the United States. A surgical clamp car­ Dr. Cowley's death, in addition to those who ries his name and a prototype of the elec­ have been quoted in the attached obituary. tronic pacemaker created by Cowley was a Some of these quotations follow: WORKING AMERICANS' IRA RELIEF constant companion to President Dwight D. James P.G. Flynn, M.D., Director, Mary­ ACT OF 1991 Eisenhower. land Institute for Emergency Medical Serv­ ices System (MIEMSS) said, "Dr. Cowley was Cowley was bothered by the fact that even HON. TED~ though the surgery was perfect, patients undoubtedly one of the 20th century's vision­ would still die. Through extensive research, aries in the field of medicine, from his re­ OF NEW YORK Cowley determined that the longer a pa­ search work at the bench, to clinical work, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to public health issues, to the emergency tient's body was in shock, the larger were his Tuesday, October 29, 1991 chances of dying, due to poor oxygen flow to medical system. In later years, his major in­ the brain and throughout the body. terests move to rehabilitation, thus closing Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, today, I am intro­ In 1961, he began studying the problems the loop of the individual who becomes a vic­ ducing the Working Americans' IRA Relief Act relative to shock and trauma, realizing that tim, then a patient, and then a productive of 1991, which would provide much-needed member of society." people could be saved if helped within one According to Joseph S. McLaughlin, M.D., relief and financial flexibility to working Ameri­ hour, Cowley later coined the term known to Head of Thoracic Surgery at the University cans holding individual retirement accounts. emergency medical personnel as the famous, of Maryland at Baltimore, "Dr. Cowley was This legislation is needed for several rea­ "golden hour." In the early 1970s, Cowley started transporting accident victims by hel­ the prime force behind emergency medical sons, not the least of which is the dire eco­ icopter so they could receive necessary care systems in the United States and throughout nomic condition of this country. For the 16th the world. He was also one of the first, mod­ within the "golden hour." The genesis of consecutive month, the United States is in a ern-day cardiac surgeons, establishing the recession. And for the third fiscal quarter in a Cowley's shock-trauma methodologies is first open heart surgery system at the Uni­ chronicled in Shocktrauma (Franklin & versity of Maryland and one of the first in row, there has been negative growth in the Doelp, St. Martin's Press, 1980), in which the United States." gross national product. As a result, there were Cowley said, "No one had ever set up a real Congresswoman Helen Delich Bentley (R­ about 8 million unemployed Americans in Sep­ system to take care of accident victims. MD) joined with fellow Marylanders in tember or 6. 7 percent of the population. New They'd scrape you off the highway, put you mourning the death of Dr. Cowley. "We are York City, which I represent, has been particu­ in a hearse and take you to the closest hos­ fortunate to have had a man like Dr. Cowley pital . .. they wouldn't be ready for you." larly hard hit with a 7. ?-percent unemployment to lead Maryland into becoming the world's rate in September and over 100,000 city resi­ Trauma remains the leading cause of death key center for shock trauma medicine. in the United States for those between the Maryland certainly could not have achieved dents who have exhausted their unemploy­ ages of one and 44 . this without Dr. Cowley, who gave his whole ment benefits. Cowley's relentless curiosity took him into life to serve others. His innovative and prac­ As the recession lingers, its effects are par­ emergency rooms where 'being ready' for ac­ tical ideas for treating victims of massive ticularly onerous on working Americans. Not cident victims became his obsession. He 'cell' shock spawned medical practices that only are they threatened with unemployment, served with the committee which produced have saved untold thousands of lives in both but they face higher medical, housing, and in 1966 the landmark paper " Accidental military and civilian sectors." Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease education expenses-higher essential living of Modern Society," presented to the Na­ expenses. For instance, the cost of attending tional Academy of Sciences, National Re­ TO COMMEND SFC LAWRENCE V. public universities in 1990 increased by 12 search Council. These findings focused on the MCBEAN percent, the biggest increase since 1983. Av­ critical state of emergency care and set the erage tuition and fees at 4-year private col­ stage for the study of trauma care and emer­ HON. RON de LUGO leges is $10,017 and at public colleges it is gency medical systems nationwide. Cowley $2,137. was appointed to the prestigious Army OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Working Americans did not fare any better Science Board and numerous other statewide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and national boards. in the 1980's. There is good reason for calling Among his hundreds of publications are Tuesday, October 29, 1991 the 1980's as the decade when the rich got Shock Trauma/Critical Care Handbook (1986), Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, I rise to com­ richer and the poor got poorer. From 1977 to Trauma Care: Surgical Management (1987) and mend SFC Lawrence V. Mc Bean a man who 1988, the average family income for four-fifths October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28985 of income filers shrank, while the richest one­ viding universal deductibility for IRA's, as the "(B) QUALIFIED ACQUISITION COSTS.-For fifth realized significant income gains. Working Bentsen-Pickle bills do, the majority of tax purposes of this paragraph, the term 'quali­ Americans are feeling pinched by both the benefits would accrue to the wealthiest in the fied acquisition costs' means the cost of ac­ economy and the Federal tax and budget poli­ country. As the center's report says: "Only quiring, constructing, or reconstructing the residence. Such term includes any usual or cies· of the last 1O years. By modifying IRA's, one-fifth of all taxpayers have incomes ex­ reasonable settlement, financing, or other Congress could provide a helping hand. ceeding $50,000, but they would receive 95 closing costs. Current IRA law makes no sense for work­ percent of the tax benefits-from restoring IRA "(C) FIRST-TIME HOMEBUYER; OTHER DEFINI­ ing Americans. On the one hand,· the Federal deductibility for taxpayers who lost it in the TIONS.-For purposes of this paragraph: Government is asking workers to set aside Tax Reform Act. This is as high as the per­ (i) FIRST-TIME HOMEBUYER.-The term their hard-earned money until retirement, but centage of the tax benefits that would go to 'first-time homebuyer' means any individual the Government also insists that the account the top fifth under a capital gains tax cut." if such individual (and, if married, such indi­ holder not touch those savings-or else suffer Working Americans need a break without vidual's spouse) had no present ownership in­ severe penalties-until retirement age. This is Congress giving tax breaks to those who al­ terest in a principal residence during the 2- year period ending on the date of acquisition an impossible feat for most working Ameri­ ready benefited from Reaganomics. Congress of the principal residence to which this para­ cans, who have witnessed their incomes stag­ can and must provide them with relief by giv­ graph applies. nate, if not decline, while the costs of vital liv­ ing them viable financial options, and the "(ii) PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE.-The term ing expenses increase. In addition, the Fed­ Working Americans' IRA Relief Act is one 'principal residence' has the same meaning eral Government is asking Americans to make such option. as when used in section 1034. investments in their future through purchasing H.R.- "(iii) DATE OF ACQUISITION.-The term 'date homes and attending college, but it doesn't Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ of acquisition' means the date- give them the financial wherewithal to make resentatives of the United States of America in "(!) on which a binding contract to ac­ those investments. It is little wonder that the Congress assembled, quire, construct, or reconstruct the principal residence is entered into, or number of tax returns showing IRA contribu­ SECTION 1. CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS FROM INDI­ VIDUAL RETIREMENT PLANS MAY "(II) on which construction or reconstruc­ tions dropped from 16.4 million in 1985 to 7.4 tion of the principal residence is commenced. million in 1987, when the IRA eligibility rules BE MADE WITHOUT PENAL1Y. (a) IN GENERAL.- Paragraph (2) of section "(D) SPECIAL RULE WHERE DELAY IN ACQUISI­ were significantly tightened in the 1986 Tax 72(t) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (re­ TION.-If- Reform Act. lating to exceptions to 10-percent additional "(i) any amount is paid or distributed from My bill would extend a helping hand to hard­ tax on early distributions from qualified re­ an individual retirement plan to an individ­ working Americans with IRA's by making three tirement plans) is amended by adding at the ual for purposes of being used as provided in important and progressive changes in current end thereof the following new subparagraph: subparagraph (A); and law governing IRA's. First, the Working Ameri­ "(D) CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVID­ "(ii) by reason of delay in the acquisition cans' IRA Relief Act would greatly expand the UAL RETIREMENT PLANS.- of the residence, the requirements of sub­ paragraph (A) cannot be met, permissible uses of an I RA by permitting pen­ "(i) IN GENERAL.-The following distribu­ tions to an individual from an individual re­ alty-free early withdrawals for financially dev­ the amount so paid or distributed may be tirement plan: paid into an individual retirement plan as astating illnesses, higher education costs, first­ "(I) FIRST-TIME HOMEBUYERS.-Any quali­ provided in section 408(d)(3)(A)(i) without re­ time home purchases and extended periods of fied first-time homebuyer distribution (as gard to section 408(d)(3)(B), and, if so paid unemployment. defined in paragraph (6)). into another such plan, such amount shall Second, the bill would make IRA's a viable "(II) PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT.-Any dis­ not be taken into account in determining option for working Americans by making them tribution made during a period of involun­ whether section 408(d)(3)(A)(i) applies to any flexible and financially attractive. My bill would tary unemployment. other amount. "(Ill) HIGHER EDUCATION EXPENSES AND CER­ "(7) PERIOD OF INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOY­ expand who would be eligible for the full tax TAIN MEDICAL EXPENSES.-Distributions deductible contributions to IRA's. The adjusted MENT.- (other than distributions described in sub­ "(A) IN GENERAL.-For purposes of para­ gross income limits would be increased and paragraph (A) or in subclat:.se (I) or (II) of graph (2)(D), the term 'period of involuntary indexed for inflation for each filing category: this clause) to the extent such distributions unemployment' means the consecutive pe­ single filers, from $25,000 to $40,000; joint fil­ do not exceed the sum of the qualified higher riod beginning on the 180th day after an indi­ ers, from $40,000 to $60,000; and head of education expenses (as defined in paragraph vidual becomes unemployed and ending with household filers, from $50,000 to $70,000. (8)) of the taxpayer for the taxable year and the date on which the individual begins any The amount of the maximum deductible con­ the qualified catastrophic illness expenses employment which would disqualify the indi­ (as defined in paragraph (9)) of the taxpayer vidual from receiving unemployment com­ tribution would be phased out over the next for the taxable year. $10,000. Any individual within these income pensation. "(ii) DISTRIBUTIONS MAY BE INCREASED TO "(B) EMPLOYEE MAY RECONTRIBUTE AMOUNT categories could niake a tax deductible con­ REFLECT TAX LIABILITY.-The amount of dis­ WITHDRAWN.-For purposes of this title, if, tribution to an IRA, regardless of participation tributions to which subclause (I) or (II) of during the 1-year period following the close in an employee-sponsored retirement plan. clause (i) (or so much of subclause (Ill) of of any period of involuntary unemployment, Finally, the bill would adjust for inflation the clause (i) as relates to qualified higher edu­ an employee makes 1 or more contributions maximum allowable contribution, starting at cation expenses) applies for any taxable year t o individual retirement plans in amounts $2,000. The Congressional Research Service shall be increased by other distributions to not greater than amounts to which para­ reports that had the $2,000 limit been indexed the extent that the amount of such other dis­ graph (2)(D)(i)(I1) applied during the period tributions does not exceed the product of- of involuntary unemployment- back in 1981 it now would stand at $2,876, "(I) the amount to which such subclause which means that a nonindexed IRA plan is "(i) the employee may elect t o treat such would otherwise apply (without regard to w ntrilmtions (or any portion thereof) as not as attractive a retirement option because this clause), multiplied by recontributions of the amounts withdrawn, purchasing power of the contribution dimin­ "(II) the highest rate of tax applicable to the taxpayer under section 1." "(ii) such contributions shall not be taken ishes over time. into account in determining any excess con­ I would point out that my proposal differs (b) DEFINITIONS.-Section 72(t) of such Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the tributions of the taxpayer, and from the Bentsen-Pickle bill in two ways. First, follow new paragraphs: · "(111) in the case of any deduction or exclu­ it is more progressive than the Bentsen-Pickle "(6) QUALIFIED FIRST-TIME HOMEBUYER DIS­ sion with respect to contributions for which bill by concentrating the tax benefits on lower TRIBUTIONS.- an election is made under clause (i)- and middle-income Americans, whereas the "(A) IN GENERAL.-For purposes of para­ "(l) such deduction or exclusion shall only Bentsen-Pickle bill provide for both universal graph (2)(D), the term 'qualified first-time be allowed for contributions with respect to homebuyer distribution' means any payment which the amount withdrawn was included IRA deductibility and a back-loaded IRA. Sec­ in gross income, and ond, although no cost analysis has been done, or distribution received by a first-time homebuyer from an individual retirement "(II) any limitation on the amount of such my bill differs in that the cost from lost reve­ plan to the extent such payment or distribu­ deduction or exclusion shall be increased by nue would not be as great as the $12 billion tion issued by the individual before the close the amount of contributions described in price tag of the Bentsen-Pickle proposal be­ of the 60th day after the day on which such subclause (!). cause the benefits are more limited. payment or distribution is received to pay The Secretary may issue such regulations as Both the Joint Tax Committee and Center qualified acquisition cost with respect to a may be necessary to carry out the provisions on Budget Priorities have revealed that by pro- principal residence for such individual. of this subparagraph, including additional 28986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 reporting requirements to ensure compliance "(h) COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENTS.- there is a wonderful article on Eric and his with such provisions. "(l) IN GENERAL.-ln the case of any tax­ life's mission. The article was written by M.J. "(C) UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION.-For able year beginning in a calendar year after Van Deventer. Ms. Deventer is the editor of purposes of this paragraph, the term 'unem­ 1991 (1992 in the case of the dollar amounts ployment compensation' has the meaning referred to in paragraph (2)(E)), each dollar the "Persimmon Hill". Mr. Speaker, I am proud given such term by section 85(b). amount referred to in paragraph (2) shall be to be able to place this fine article in the "(8) QUALIFIED HIGHER EDUCATION EX­ increased by the product of- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. PENSES.- "(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by AN AMERICAN ICON-BUFFALO BILL "(A) IN GENERAL.-For purposes of para­ "(B) the cost-of-living adjustment deter­ (By M.J. Van Deventer) graph (2)(D), the term 'qualified higher edu­ mined under section l(f)(3) for the calendar How does a man like William F. Cody, with cation expenses' means t uition, fees, books, year in which such taxable year begins deter­ barely a grade school education and a pench­ supplies, and equipment required for the en­ mined- "(i) by substituting 'calendar year 1990' for ant for flamboyance, become a trusted Amer­ rollment or attendance of- ican icon and a legend of the American West? "(i) the taxpayer, 'calendar year 1989' in subparagraph (B) Historian-actor Eric Sorg says the time "(ii) the taxpayer's spouse, or thereof, or was right in the late 1800s for "Buffalo Bill" "(iii) the taxpayer's child (as defined in "(ii) in the case of any dollar amount re­ section 151(c)(3)) or grandchild, ferred to in paragraph (2)(E), by substituting Cody to become a symbol of the American West. The world was ready for a kind of hero at an eligible educational institution (as de­ 'calendar year 1991' for 'calendar year 1989' in that would let people escape the memories of subparagraph (B) thereof. fined in section 135(c)(3)). the Civil War and live vicariously in the ro­ "(B) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROVI­ "(2 DOLLAR AMOUNTS.-The dollar amounts referred to in this paragraph are- mantic, mythical world that Buffalo Bill SIONS.- personified. "(i) REIMBURSED EXPENSES.-No amount "(A) the $2,000 amount set forth in sub­ Sorg, an actor with a master of arts degree section (b)(l)(A), shall be treated as qualified higher education in American studies from the University of expenses if a scholarship or grant is received "(B) the $7,500 amount set forth in sub­ section (b)(3)(A), Wyoming, resides in Laramie and travels the for such expenses or such expenses are other­ country portraying Buffalo Bill in a series of wise reimbursed to the taxpayer. "(C) the $2,250 amount set forth in sub­ section (c)(2)(A)(i), one-act dramas. He recently presented his "(ii) SAVINGS BONDS.-The amount of quali­ views of this American hero in a dinner thea­ fied higher education expenses for any tax­ "(D) the $2,200 amount set forth in the last sentence of subsection (c)(2), and ter at the National Cowboy hall of Fame. able year shall be reduced by any amount ex­ Sorg portrays Cody with the same enthu­ cludable from gross income under section "(E) each dollar amount set forth in sub­ section (g)(3)(B). siasm that Hal Hollbrook brings to the stage 135. when he recreates the life of Mark Twain. "(9) QUALU'IED CATASTROPHIC ILLNESS EX­ "(3) ROUNDING.-If any increase determined under paragraph (1) is not a multiple of $10, Buffalo Bill has captivated Sorg's interest PENSES.- since he first read the book The Lives and "(A) IN GENERAL.-For purposes of para­ such increase shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10." Legends of Buffalo Bill. He was so inspired graph (2)(D), the term 'qualified catastrophic by Cody's life that he wrote half of his mas­ illness expenses' means the catastrophic (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.- (A) Section 408(a)(l) of such Code is amend­ ter's thesis at the University of Wyoming medical expenses paid by the taxpayer dur­ about the man he called "my new-found ing the taxable year, to the extent that the ed by striking "in excess of $2,000 on behalf of any individual" and inserting "on behalf hero." amount of such expenses exceed 7.5 percent Long after receiving his master's degree, of adjusted gross income. of any individual in excess of the dollar amount in effect for such taxable year under and earning another degree in theater, Sorg "(B) CATASTROPHIC MEDICAL EXPENSES.­ was still fascinated by Cody and his cronies. For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term section 219(b)(l)(A)". (B) Section 408(b) of such Code is amended "I think I was destined to portray Cody," 'catastrophic medical expenses' means the Sorg says. "I like to act out stories in the amount paid during the taxable year, not by striking "$2,000" each place it appears and inserting "the dollar amount in effect realm of historical probability and I saw compensated for by insurance or otherwise, Cody's life and his philosophies as an oppor­ for medical care (as defined in section 213(d)) under section 219(b)(l)(A)". (C) Section 408(j) of such Code is amended tunity for a performer to have a good time." of- "A lot of people think Cody was a char­ "(i) The taxpayer, by striking "$2,000". (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments latan and a historical character of dubious "(ii) the taxpayer's spouse, or value," Sorg says, "But I'm working to dis­ "(iii) any dependent of the taxpayer with made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1991. pel the view that history has presented of respect to whom the taxpayer is allowed a Cody. To me, he is an archetype of the Amer­ deduction under section 151, ican West." if such medical care is required by reason of Sorg says Cody saw the West as virgin land any disease or accident that caused hos­ ACTORJHISTORIAN, ERIC SORG where people could start life new and fresh. pitalization for more than 30 days." "Cody once said, 'I believe a man gets closer "(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendments HON. ANDY IRELAND to God out there in the big free West. It made by this section shall apply to payments OF FLORIDA gives him a chance to expand, to know him­ and distributions after date of enactment of self, to think. In the great cities people don't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this Act in taxable years ending after such stop to think. . . And I'll tell you another date. Tuesday, October 29, 1991 thing: a big city is the most lonesome place SEC. 2. MODIFICATIONS TO DEDUCTION FOR RE· Mr. IRELAND. Mr. Speaker, several years on earth. You pass thousands of people on TIREMENT SAVINGS. the street, but you don't know 'em, and, "(a) INCREASE IN INCOME LIMITATIONS.­ ago I had the opportunity to meet a young what's more, you don't care a d .... about Subparagraph (B) of section 219(g)(3) of the man named Eric Sorg. Eric, who resides in knowing 'em. You feel differently about your Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to Laramie, WY, is an actor/historian who may fellow man out there in the West.'" read as follows: be our Nation's foremost authority on William Sorg also sees Cody as a hero who helped "(B) APPLICABLE DOLLAR AMOUNT.-The F. Cody. Cody, of course, is known to most heal the breach caused by the Civil War. "In term 'applicable dollar amount' means- Americans as simply "Buffalo Bill". Buffalo Bill, Southerners saw a rugged indi­ "(i) $70,000 in the case of a taxpayer filing Eric Sorg has spent much of his -adulthood vidualist, like themselves, who lived outside a joint return or a surviving spouse (as de­ studying everything that has been written of the social mainstream, yet was essential fined in section 2(a)), to the growth of the country. The stage char­ "(ii) $60,000 in the case of a head of a about Buffalo Bill Cody. Eric also spent con­ acter Buffalo Bill came in from the seclusion household (as defined in section 2(b)), siderable time talking with Buffalo Bill's only of the wilds to fight corrupt Yankees. And "(iii) $40,000 in the case of an individual surviving grandchild-Bill Cody, who operates this hero was not a crude sort but a chiv­ who is not described in clause (i) or (ii) and a well-known dude ranch in Cody, WY. He alrous gentleman. Northerners identified who is not a married individual filing a sepa­ has taken that knowledge and created a one­ with Cody's pragmatic nature and his ap­ rate return, and man theatrical presentation which he performs pealing chivalry and also saw him as a char­ "(iv) zero in the case of a married individ­ throughout this Nation and Canada as well. In acter instrumental in the development of the ual filing a separate return." 1988 he even made a special appearance in West. (b) INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS.- "Buffalo Bill, and the American West that (1) IN GENERAL.-Section 219 of such Code is Dublin, Ireland for that city's millennium. Cody represented, embodied the ante-bellum amended by redesignating subsection (h) as In the summer issue of "Persimmon Hill", ideals of the United States, ideals that ap­ subsection (i) and by inserting after sub­ which is the Journal of the National Cowboy peared to be lost as the cynical post-Civil section (g) t he following new subsection: Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, War nation searched for its identity and October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28987 worked to create a unified nation," Sorg anything, to bring the American West to the HOLD ASSAD TO ACCOUNT says. "At that time in history, the West was world. He believed, "one cannot transport a melting pot of American values. There was the prairie to the boarded stage and keep no stigma of being Yankee or Southern. within the mileage limits." It was these feel­ HON. EDWARD F. FEIGHAN Cody was the right person at the right time ings, and his ability to spot a good invest­ OF OHIO to help heal the national wounds and he ment, that prompted him to open "Buffalo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knew it." Bill's Wild West" in 1883. Sorg notes that "Long before the Civil To him, it was not a "show" but an edu­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 War, James Fenimore Cooper wrote about a cational extravaganza that capitalized on Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, last August leatherstocking, an individual who came in country's growing interest in education. In when Saddam Hussein's tanks rolled into Ku­ from the forest to help civilization develop fact, Cody never used the word "show" to de­ wait City, President Bush responded by saying the wilderness and then retreated to the re­ scribe his Wild West venture. He once even that this illegal aggression will not stand. Two mote vastness of the wilds. This American fought a lawsuit in St. Louis over the classi­ literary figure had historic representatives fication of "Buffalo Bill's Wild West." The months later when Hafiz Assad's troops at­ the public could look up to such as Daniel authenticity of the exhibition was attested tacked Beirut and consolidated Syria's hold on Boone, Kit Carson and Davy Crockett. After to by such figures as Samuel Clemens, Eliza­ the nation of Lebanon, the administration was the Civil War, Buffalo Bill joined their ranks beth Custer, Philip Sheridan and Eugene not only silent, it welcome Syria into the anti- as another leatherstocking and blended his­ Carr. 1raq coalition. torical fact with historical myth." An editorial in the May 24, 1898 issue of Why does the administration condemn a By the time Cody began performing in the The Stamford Telegram praised Cody for be­ brutal, aggressive dictator in Iraq, while cod­ theater in the 1870s, he was already famous. coming "an educator in one of the most in­ For half a decade newspapers had written ac­ teresting and least familiar fields of human dling a more calculating and murderous dic­ counts of Cody's exploits as a buffalo hunter, experience." tator in Syria? It is the same misguided belief scout for the military, winner of a Congres­ Because the American West was such an that constructive engagement can somehow sional Medal of Honor, hunting guide for unknown to much of the world, "Buffalo induce miraculous conversions in these rene­ such notables as General Philip Sheridan, Bill's Wild West" was often the first place gade regimes. But, it didn't work with Saddam James Gordon Bennett, and Grand Duke where the public health learned about this Hussein. It will not work with Hafiz Assad. Alexis of Russia, (See related story in this unique aspect of America. The administration refuses to learn this les­ issue.) In its thirty years of operation, "Buffalo He was known as a friend to Sitting Bull, Bill's Wild West" was performed before an son. Instead, it is busy repeating the same General George Armstrong Custer and "Wild estimated 70 million people. And at its peak, mistakes it made with Iraq. The administration Bill" Hickok. Train stations had mounted the exhibition featured 186 horses, 25 mus­ has refused to confront Syria across of an buffalo heads in them shot by Buffalo Bill, tangs, 20 buffalo, and 640 people including 115 array of policy concerns-whether its Syria's and he was even renowned as a character on Indians with squaws and papooses, 48 cow­ absorption of Lebanon; or its continued spon­ the New York stage. boys, and half a dozen women who could ride sorship of terrorism; or its ongoing complicity Changes in the American theater in the and shoot, including Annie Oakley. in the drug trade in and out of Syrian-con­ 1870s also helped make Cody an acceptable "At that time in history, the 1890 census icon, Sorg explains. "The theater was under­ report revealed that one-third of the people trolled Lebanon; or its appalling human rights going a change from a lewd, bawdy house of living in the United States were first or sec­ record. low-humored entertainment where pros­ ond generation Americans," Sorg notes. We should hold Assad to account. That's titutes would congregate on the top balcony "They didn't have to speak English to learn the message in an article written by our col­ to a place where families could be enter­ the American values presented in Buffalo league, Representative LARRY SMITH of Flor­ tained. Many of the new family entertain­ Bill's Wild West. The spectacle did the teach­ ida, which recently appeared in the Atlanta ments did not offer great literary value, but ing. It was a way to acculturate the immi­ Journal-Constitution. Mr. SMITH warns of the they gave the public a wholesome evening's grants into American society." danger of the administration's course and pos­ escape from reality. "Buffalo Bill's Wild West" was much like a "The stage machinery of the Gilded Age ri­ modern rodeo with scenes from the mythic its a possible alternative policy. If Syria is to valed the Elizabethan stage for its realism. West codified. In these scenes the hero, who be a player in the peace process, its intentions Cody strode into this world of reality and was often Buffalo Bill, arrived in the nick of should be tested. fantasy, a real hero who saw the opportunity time to always triumph over evil," Sorg A copy of the article follows: to make money in a world of fantasy." says. [From the Atlantic Journal-Constitution, Cody used his hero status to attract his The millions of people who saw "Buffalo Oct. 17, 1991] theater audiences, and he held them and Bill's Wild West" found it easy to identify HOLD ASSAD TO ACCOUNT made them return with his winning ways. He the United States with Buffalo Bill. From would hold impromptu curtain speeches with the newspaper clippings that Cody kept, and (By Lawrence J. Smith) the audience, pull the legs of critics, use his the proliferation of pulp Westerns and the WASHINGTON.-When it comes to the Middle spectacular rifle skill to shoot coins out of Wild West format during and after Cody's East, President Bush understands the uses of audience members' fingers, lasso villains and lifetime, it would appear that, for a while, anger. When Israel requested loan guaran­ reinforce his public persona as Buffalo Bill. Americans felt comfortable with that identi­ tees that he was not prepared to give, Mr. He once noted. "I didn't try to act ... I did fication. Bush inveighed against "powerful political what I used to do on the plains." Why was he such a legitimate, acceptable forces" that supposedly were challenging The dramas written for Buffalo Bill were hero? Sorg believes it's because he was the him for control of foreign policy. looked upon by many unsophisticated audi­ embodiment of a leatherstocking who helped When Saddam Hussein refused to allow ence members as actual history. Cody played to lead America to a unified nation while U.N. helicopters to overfly his territory, and on this ambiguity, caused by a mixture of re­ reaffirming the mythic ideals of individual­ when the Iraqi dictator tried to cover up his ality and myth, which contributed to the ity. Those lessons, played out in the arena of nuclear program, the president made his public's confusion. He sometimes even wan­ the "Wild West," taught citizens, emigrants, anger known before the U .N. General Assem­ dered the streets of major cities in his buck­ and the rest of the world what America, and bly. skins armed for combat. During the 1876 In­ especially the American West, represented. So why is Mr. Bush being silent about Syr­ dian war Cody wore a stage costume into In 1909 a newspaper columnist wrote that ia's annexation of Lebanon? Why has the si­ battle and then had a script written for him "even to-day [sic] affection for Abraham lence gone on for so long? about this battle for the winter acting sea­ Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee A year ago, Syria took control of Beirut. son. has its sectional limitations; that for Wil­ Preoccupied with Saddam Hussein, the West Sorg admits Cody's antics on and off stage liam Frederick Cody knows no boundaries." chose not to criticize Syria's president, and the material written about him often Sorg says it is unfortunate that at the end Ha.fez Assad, even when his men rounded up caused confusion among his public. "More of his life, Cody's generosity found him hundreds of Lebanese Christians, forced novels were written about Buffalo Bill than bankrupt and more than $150,000 in debt even them to their knees and shot them dead. any other Western figure. Cody added to the though he had made millions of dollars and In May, Syria imposed a one-sided "Treaty pulp mm by writing autobiographies as well helped fund a number of charitable causes. of Brotherhood, Cooperation and Coordina­ as dime novels. In order to make money for "Bitterness crept in at the end of his life. He tion" on Lebanon. In mid-September, with his investments he signed his name to many wondered where all the people were that he Syrian tanks nearby, the Lebanese par­ works that were bad histories but good pub­ had helped so much," Sorg notes. "I find it liament approved the treaty. Again, Mr. licity." sad that William F. Cody had lived with the Bush said nothing. Cody eventually outgrew the confines of world at his feet but he died with it on his The treaty gives Syria veto power over the theatre stage and wanted, more than shoulders." Lebanon's foreign policy, its economy and 28988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 its security. Syrian troops will remain in VERMONT STREET TAKES A BITE Commerce, Red Cross Board of Directors, Lebanon indefinitely. Amazingly, America OUT OF CRIME Civic Advisory Board, executive board of the has even given the treaty a guarded endorse­ Los Angeles County Peace Officers Associa­ ment. Mr. Bush appears to be operating under the HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS tion, and Glendale Adventist Medical Center. assumption that if he challenges Syria's ag­ OF NEW YORK In 1984, the chief was named "Man of the gression in Lebanon, he risks losing Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Year" by the Montrose Shopping Park Asso­ Assad as a participant in the Mideast peace ciation and received a similar honor by the conference. But Mr. Assad differs from Sad­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 Glendale Board of Realtors in 1987. dam only in style, not substance, and the re­ Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, I salute the col­ Dave also received the Law Enforcement fusal to challenge him will only reinforce his lective community efforts of the residents of Commendation Medal, in 1988, by the Sons of belief that he can yet conquer his neighbors. Syria has never recognized the independ­ Vermont Street in the Cypress Hills neighbor­ the American Revolution and, in 1990, was ence of Lebanon; it claims the country as hood in Brooklyn, especially those of Mr. Jo­ awarded the John Anson Ford Award for out­ part of "Greater Syria." Syria entered the seph Licari. Mr. Licari and his wife were recent standing service in the field of human rela­ Lebanese civil war 15 years ago with two victims of a cat burglar who had been victim­ tions. goals: to incorporate Lebanon into its do­ izing other members of that Brooklyn commu­ The chief has done all of this with the sup­ main, and to use Lebanon as a second attack nity. When neighbors heard the cries for help port of a very special woman; his wife, Jackie. route against Israel. Mr. Assad has never from Mr. Licari and his wife, young and old Dave and Jackie have two daughters, one wavered from these objectives, and the trea­ people rallied to his aid. In a time when there granddaughter, and one grandson. ty provides him the means to consummate his aggression. is so much ethnic, racial, and class strife, it is Finally, I would like to point to the dedication Since the Gulf War, the Syrians have gone heartwarming to hear that these Brooklyn citi­ Chief Thompson has shown, even as he on an arms-buying frenzy. This speaks vol­ zens did more than their fair share to fight headed into his last few months on the job. umes about Mr. Assad's true intentions, yet crime and promote community harmony. Ver­ Glendale is not the same town it was 35 the administration has had little to say mont Street knows how to "take a bite out of years ago. One of the most noticeable about it. crime". changes, other than population and construc­ Backed by billions of dollars from Saudi tion booms, has been the city's cultural diver­ Arabia and the Persian Gulf sheikhdoms, the sity. This diversity has allowed many citizens Syrians have purchased 100 to 150 Scud-C POLICE CHIEF DAVID THOMPSON missiles and 24 to 48 missile launchers from to broaden their experiences with different North Korea. people. Syria's new rockets have a range of 375 HON.CARLOSJ.MOORHEAD The multicultural flavor of Glendale has put miles to 400 miles, twice the range of Iraq's OF CALIFORNIA new demands on the police department. Chief Scuds. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thompson has handled these changes with Syria also is buying a similar missile from skill and sensitivity. He has met countless the Chinese. It is completing a deal with Tuesday, October 29, 1991 Czechoslovakia for about 300 T-72 tanks. The times with leaders from various segments of Syrians are also trying to obtain T-72s, MiG- Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I rise today the community, to help keep Glendale as a 29s, and Su-24 fighter-bombers from the So­ to talk about a cop. place where everyone works together for the viet military. I know it's been fashionable recently to bash welfare of all. The refusal of the United States to chal­ the police, but I am here to pay tribute to a Dave has been a visionary when it came to lenge Syria's political and military policies man who has devoted his life to law enforce­ law enforcement and to community relations. will inevitably encourage adventurism: ment. It's been a 35-year career that has not He will be greatly missed in Glendale. I wish against Lebanon, against Israel, against Jor­ only been commendable and beyond re­ dan, against Turkey, even against the United him and Jackie the best in the years ahead. proach, but one that epitomizes ~he true es­ States. The administration just reopened the They have earned it. military-aid pipeline to Jordan, yet the only sence of public service. country that threatens Jordan is Syria. Glendale Police Chief David Thompson has Why are we cultivating a militarist such as decided to turn in his badge and hang up his RECOGNIZING THE FOOTHILLS Mr. Assad while helping his neighbors pre­ pistol. WELLNESS CENTER AND DAN pare for his inevitable aggression? This ap­ When Dave joined the Glendale Police De­ HYLTON, FOOTHILLS MANAGER proach is not merely illogical; it sends a partment in 1956, as a rookie police officer, I OF GOLF message of weakness, and therefore is dan­ was a young and struggling attorney in my gerous. By refusing to challenge Mr. Assad, we un­ hometown of Glendale. Over the years, since HON. DAN SCHAEFER dermine our own diplomacy. If settlements those early days, I have become a big admirer OF COLORADO in the West Bank are an obstacle to peace, is of Chief Thompson. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not Syria's headlong rush for weapons or its David Thompson was born in Wales and annexation of Lebanon infinitely greater came to America when he was 16. he became Tuesday, October 29, 1991 threats? If we expect to ask Israel to trust a U.S. citizen in 1952 and later served his Mr. SCHAEFER. Mr. Speaker, for many Syrian intentions in the Golan Heights, new country in the U.S. Air Force. Americans recreational activities are an impor­ should we not test those intentions first in After the service, Dave earned his bach­ tant part of relieving day-to-day stress and Lebanon? Lebanon and Israel negotiated a service­ elor's degree in public administration from maintaining physical fitness. The Foothills able treaty in 1983. This would have been the California State University, Los Angeles, and Recreation and Park District, located in the second peace agreement between Israel and later received his juris doctorate from Glendale western suburbs of Denver, has been a prov­ an Arab neighbor, and it would have changed College of Law. en leader in providing a wide variety of recre­ the entire dynamic of Arab-Israel relations. When David Thompson became a Glendale ation and leisure activities to the residents of Syria was kept appraised of the negotia­ Police Officer in 1956, he was 1 of 160 em­ Colorado's Sixth Congressional District. tions, but when the treaty neared comple­ ployees that operated within a budget of $1.1 Foothills has always been a source of great tion, Mr. Assad killed it. To test Mr. Assad's intentions toward Is­ million. pride for my constituents, providing rec­ rael, the United States should try to revive Now, Glendale is the third largest city in Los reational opportunities at over 60 facilities the treaty. If Mr. Assad will not countenance Angeles County, with a population well over throughout the district. Thousands of residents normalization between Israel and Lebanon, 180,000. As chief of police, Dave Thompson is take advantage of swimming, golf, tennis, bas­ then he certainly will not tolerate it on his responsible for more than 300 employees and ketball, theater, and a myriad of other sporting own borders. an annual budget of $24 million. and educational activities the District sponsors The U.S. Congress is now unaware of what In addition to his police duties, Chief every year. is happening in Lebanon. But each time it has looked to the White House for guidance, Thompson is an active member of the commu­ One of the most unique programs offered by it has received no response. As the acknowl­ nity. The organizations with which he is in­ Foothills is the Community Wellness Program. edged leader of America's foreign policy in volved are too numerous to list completely, but This forward-thinking approach focuses on the the Middle East, Mr. Bush must take the I can mention a few. They include: Glendale total health of people: lifestyle choices; phys­ lead. Kiwanis, Montrose-Verdugo City Chamber of ical fitness; and mental well-being. The pro- October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28989 gram and its founder, Mr. George Kroeninger, for my colleagues Representatives ACKERMAN, litical opposition, subjecting members and have been nationally recognized for their ex­ B.ROOMFIELD, lANTOS, LAGOMARSINO, PELOSI, supporters of the NLD to widespread arrest cellent and unique approach to physical and and ROHRABACHER a resolution regarding the and interrogation, sentencing at least 50 mental fitness. sale of military equipment to Burma by the elected members of the National Assembly Programs such as the Community Wellness People's Republic of China. to prison terms; Whereas the winner of the Nobel Peace Program do not turn into successes overnight. The military government of Burma, the so­ Prize for 1991, NLD leader Daw Aung San 'It takes hard work by decfteated individuals. called State Law and Order Restoration Coun­ Suu Kyi, has been held incommunicado One of these is Mr. Dan Hylton. Dan is the cil [SLORC], has distinguished itself in history under house arrest since July 1989; manager of golf for Foothills, and recently put for being one of the most ruthless dictator­ Whereas there is no freedom of speech or together a golf tournament to accomplish two ships that has ever existed. Thousands of Bur­ freedom of the press in Burma; goals: 1'.o focus attention on the work and op­ mese citizens are regularly swept up in the Whereas Burma remains under martial portunities at the Wellness Center and to at­ streets into months and sometimes years of law, and independent human rights organiza­ tract additional financial support for the forced portering for the military. A large num­ tions, the United Nations Human Rights Wellness Center's operations. As one who ber of them are shot or left for dead if they fall Commission, the United States Department ill or complain. Many times their relatives are of State, and others have documented wide­ participated, I can report that the tournament spread and continuing human rights viola­ was a tremendous success on both counts. totally unaware of their fate. tions including arrests of monks, torture, ill­ Dan can take a great deal of pride and satis­ Those in charge of SLORC have sentenced treatment and deaths in custody, arbitrary faction from the positive reaction both the golf at least 50 democratically elected members of arrests, disappearances, compulsory labor tournament and the Wellness Center have re­ the National Assembly to prison terms. The such as forced portering for the military, and ceived. winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for 1991, Na­ unfair trials before military tribunals of It is the efforts of people like Dan Hylton tional League for Democracy [NLD] leader politicians, students, and others exercising that keep our Nation's communities vibrant Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, has been held incom­ their basic rights to freedom of expression, and alive. I commend Dan and the rest of the municado under house arrest since July 1989. association, and assembly; Foothills Recreation District for helping make She probably does not even know that she Whereas the United States Government won the prize. has condemned Burma's human rights prac­ the Community Wellness Program a resound­ tices and called for a return to democratic, ing success. The rulers of SLORC have much at stake in civilian rule; their hold on the assets and the people of Whereas the Burmese military has shown Burma. The personal enrichment of its rulers little interest in the suppression of narcotics TRIBUTE TO SISTER CITIES; through the sale of Burma's teak to members trafficking and production, and has ceased BELLEVILLE, IL, AND of the Thai military is well known. Funds ac­ efforts made before 1988 to eradicate opium PADERBORN, GERMANY quired through the environmental ravaging of crops, and the United States Government the rain forest support armies that protect drug has not been able to certify Burma as co­ HON. JERRY F. COSTELLO lords who are responsible for the vast majority operating in narcotics control; OF ILLINOIS of the illicit opium produced in the world. Whereas the United States has blocked the Unfortunately, it appears appropriate that sale of American military equipment to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Burma and imposed economic sanctions Tuesday, October 29, 1991 the source of the military equipment that the against Burma as required by section 138 of Burmese rulers use to ruthlessly suppress the Customs and Trade Act of 1990; Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to their own people is from the totalitarian Com­ pay tribute to the city of Belleville, IL, and its Whereas in July 1991, the European Com­ munist regime that runs the People's Republic munity announced a total arms embargo on sister city of Paderborn, Germany. of China. Who else but those who brought us Burma; Civic leaders and public officials in my the Tianenmenn Square massacre would Whereas the military Government of hometown of Belleville recently signed a joint openly embrace SLORC with over a billion Burma continues to rely on the People's Re­ pact with Paderborn to establish cultural ex­ dollars' worth of tanks, jet fighters, rocket public of China as its major source of mili­ changes and other mutually beneficial relation­ launchers, assault rifles, armored personnel tary equipment and arms, and support from the People's Republic of China is crucial to ships. This agreement was promoted by the carriers, patrol boats, and antiaircraft guns? mayor of Belleville, Rich Brauer, and his wife, SLORC's survival; The dictatorship in Beijing enslaves its own Whereas the Chairman of SLORC, General Dottie. prodemocracy supporters, sells missiles to any I had the opportunity to meet with 46 resi­ Saw Maung, made an official visit to Beijing Middle East tyrant that wants them, supports dents of Paderborn who visited the U.S. in August 1991, followed by an agreement by marxist rebels in democratic India, nurtures China to grant SLORC a $9,300,000 interest­ House of Representatives in Washington, DC the despicable Khmer Rouge, brutally occu­ free loan and sell additional arms to Burma; recently. These citizens had the occasion to pies Tibet, and threatens Mongolia, Nepal, Whereas China is providing Burma with admire our Nation's Capitol and our American and Taiwan. So it seems to make sense that tanks, jet fighters, rocket launchers, assault democratic process at work. It was a very en­ they would arm the thugs ruling Burma. rifles, armored personnel carriers, patrol joyable opportunity for me to personally escort boats, anti-aircraft guns and other arms Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 263, urges with the total value of military supplies esti­ our sister city residents around this beautiful the Chinese to join us and the European Com­ monument and symbol of our Federal Govern­ mated by the United States Department of munity in our arms embargo of Burma. It also State to be approximately Sl,300,000,000; and ment. urges the President to let the Chinese know It is my belief that this sister city agreement Whereas China is a major trading partner that their continued support for SLORC will be with Burma and has refused to impose eco­ will be of tremendous benefit to both cities. a factor in the consideration by the administra­ nomic sanctions against SLORC: Now, there­ Now that I have met residents of our sister city tion in its extension of most favor nation to the fore be it and have a better perspective on the city of People's Republic of China. House Resolution Resolved, That the House of Representa­ Paderborn, I want to extend my hand of 263 also urges the President to instruct the tives- (1) urges the Government of the People's friendship to them in the years to come on Secretary of State to let the rulers in Beijing their future visits to America. Republic of China to cancel all arms deals know that we do not approve of their behavior. with the Government of Burma until such Accordingly, I urge my colleagues to support time as all political prisoners are uncondi­ HOUSE RESOLUTION 263--SUPPORT House Resolution 263 and I insert the full text tionally released (including Daw Aung San BURMESE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE of the resolution at this point in the RECORD: Suu Kyi), martial law is lifted, and the re­ WINNER H. RES. 263 sults of the May 1990 elections are fully im­ Whereas the military government of plemented; Burma, the so-called State Law and Order (2) urges the President to instruct the Sec­ HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN Restoration Council (SLORC), has refused to retary of State to privately and publicly call OF NEW YORK implement the results of the May 1990 elec­ for an end to China's military sales and eco­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions, won overwhelmingly by the opposition nomic support to Burma as a matter of ur­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 National League for Democracy (NLD), and gent United States concern during any visit return the country to civilian rule; by the Secretary to Beijing or in other high­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ Whereas the Government of Burma has level contacts with representatives of the ducing House Resolution 263, for myself and systematically suppressed the domestic po- People's Republic of China; and 28990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 (3) urges the President to instruct the Sec­ of homelessness and poverty in the United He has served as a director of the Simi Val­ retary of State to advise the Government of States. ley-Moorpark Association for the past 10 China that its continued support for SLORC Our focus will be on the simple steps that years. In addition, he has served as treasurer will be a factor in the consideration by the could be taken-not necessarily the programs and first vice president, as well as a member Administration of extension of nondiscrim­ heavy in cost or government structure. For ex­ inatory (most favored nation) trading status of several committees. He also has served on for China in 1992. ample, easing liability laws to encourage gro­ several State association committees during cery stores and restaurants to donate whole­ the past 5 years, and earned the coveted some food could do much good for many award of Realtor of the Year in 1986. CARL L. STACEY HONORED homeless, at no cost to the taxpayer. During his term as president, Harvey has Mr. Speaker, the task force is not meant to achieved many accomplishments, including HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE compete with the Housing Committee, but to completing additional office space and the Re­ serve as a forum to keep issues of homeless­ OF OHIO altor Service Center at the association office; ness as an urgent priority, drawing on the ex­ establishing the past president's committee; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES perience and imagination of Members of var­ and the revision and approval of the associa­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 ious expertises. With the broad participation of tion bylaws. Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today Congress, task force initiatives could be at­ Mr. Speaker, Harvey's fellow realtors will to recognize one of Ohio's most outstanding tached to bills originating from many commit­ honor him at the association's annual installa­ public servants. On October 31, 1991 , Mr. tees. tion dinner this Saturday. I ask my colleagues Carl L. Stacey will step down after 33 years of Today, we are proud to introduce our first to join me in saluting him for a job well done. dedicated service to the citizens of two pieces of legislation. The first is a bill to Columbiana County. encourage the Governors to open certain Na­ Mr. Stacey was first elected to the office of tional Guard armories for use as temporary AVILA COLLEGE-75 YEARS OF Clerk of Common Pleas Court on November homeless shelters. Current law states that the EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE 14, 1958. Since that time he has served nine Secretary of a military department may make consecutive terms, making him the longest military installations under his jurisdiction avail­ HON. ALAN WHEAT serving office holder in the history of able for temporary shelter for the homeless. OF MISSOURI Columbiana County. As clerk, Stacey spends This bill gives incentives to Governors to make IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use of this option by giving additional consid­ much time running his office which is respon­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 sible for processing the paperwork involved in eration for McKinney Act homelessness funds lawsuits and vehicle registration. to those States that make use of National Mr. WHEAT. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to An active member of the State association Guard armories for homeless shelters. bring to the attention of my colleagues the of county clerks, serving as chairman in 1983, The idea for this bill comes from the suc­ 75th anniversary of Avila College, a distin­ he fought hard for changes that would make cess California has had using National Guard guished institution of higher learning in Kansas his office more efficient and effective. He armories for temporary shelter. Last year, Cali­ City, MO. To mark its 75th anniversary year, played a key role in the State decision to allow fornia provided 335,000 shelter nights for the Avila has scheduled a year-long series of ex­ individual counties to earn interest on the in­ homeless in over 40 military installations, and citing activities that celebrate the achieve­ vestment of money collected by the clerk. In the State plans to continue the program. Mr. ments of the past and look forward to the recent years this has resulted in an additional Speaker, we should not mistake this approach challenges of the future. $40,00~$60,000 for Columbiana County. for a permanent solution to the homeless cri­ Founded in 1916 by the Sisters of Saint Jo­ Mr. Stacey is a veteran of World War II, a sis. We should recognize it for what it is-a seph of Carondelet, Avila College is a 4-year, loving husband, father and grandfther. Mr. concrete step toward alleviating the suffering Catholic college with a long tradition of aca­ Speaker, it is my distinct privilege and honor of the homeless population. demic excellence and service to our commu­ to ask my colleagues to join with me in accla­ Our second bill encourages the States to nity. From its origins 75 years ago as a school mation of Mr. Carl Stacey, an exceptional pub­ enact good samaritan laws for health care pro­ for young women, Avila has blossomed into a lic servant as well as a great man. viders. The District of Columbia has pioneered full-scale, coeducational liberal arts college a bill in this regard for obstetricians. If we widely recognized for its programs in nursing, could reduce the fear of lawsuits, more doc­ education, and business. KEEP HOMELESSNESS AT THE TOP tors and healthcare workers would likely come A small jewel of a campus set in a peaceful OF THE AGENDA forward and donate their time and care to the residential neighborhood of Kansas City, Avila homeless and needy. Our bill will offer priority offers an intimate and contemplative learning HON. TOM CAMPBEil for HHS grants and McKinney funds to those environment. At Avila, a student is given indi­ OF CALIFORNIA States that implement such good samaritan vidual attention and made to feel like a per­ laws. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son, not just a number. Mr. Speaker, here are two straightforward The residents of the Fifth District of Missouri Tuesday, October 29, 1991 measures that can alleviate the needs of the are fortunate indeed to have Avila College as Mr. CAMPBELL of California. Mr. Speaker, homeless. I urge my colleagues to keep a neighbor. Nearly 1,500 students choose homelessness and poverty are tragic problems homelessness at the top of the agenda, and to Avila for their education every year, and more that continue to vex all Americans of compas­ cosponsor these bills. than two-thirds of its graduates remain in the sion and conscience. Congress has worked community to put their education to work in hard to combat these problems-indeed, we SALUTE TO HARVEY GANDEL jobs in health care, business, education, men­ have just passed a new housing bill which re­ tal health, the arts, and social services. affirms commitments and embraces new The students of Avila uphold the college's ideas. Yet, the sad truth is that homelessness HON. ELTON GAllEGLY strong mission of service to the community by problems will not soon disappear. OF CALIFORNIA helping to feed the homeless, repairing and To keep the issues of homelessness and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES winterizing homes for the elderly, and provid­ poverty at the forefront of Congress' agenda, Tuesday, October 29, 1991 ing assistance to needy families in other re­ Representative Kweisi MFUME and I have Mr. GALLEGLY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to gions of the United States and the Dominican formed the congressional homelessness task honor an outstanding realtor for his contribu­ Republic. force, and let me take this opportunity to urge tions as president of the Simi Valley-Moorpark Avila has consistently shown itself to be a my colleagues who have not joined the task Association of Realtors. leader among academic institutions in the re­ force to do so. The task force seeks to create Harvey Gandel has been a leading realtor in gion by offering the metropolitan area's first innovative, bipartisan legislative proposals Simi Valley for 14 years, when he began his baccalaureate degree in nursing, the first that, if enacted, would enlist and inspire good­ career in real estate. In 1979, Harvey became weekend college, and the first programs in willed people at the grassroots to come for­ a licensed broker and started his own office, public administration, women's studies, and ward and help alleviate the dreadful problems Harvey Gandel Realtors. gerontology. October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28991 Mr. Speaker, I had the honor of delivering cipients of the Torch of Learning Award: American airmen to the Soviets for interroga­ the commencement address to Avila's Class Frances and Beryl Weinstein. tion; 50 or so POW's had disappeared into the of 1988 and it is a pleasure to know that hun­ The Torch of Learning Award is presented hands of the Soviets." dreds of the proud graduates I saw in the au­ to leading men and women who demonstrate I find this article especially enlightening and dience that day are now making their own a deep commitment to education, their com­ apropos in lieu of the expected Senate Hear­ contributions to the economic and social life of munity, the Jewish people, and Israel. The ings next week on the subject of American our community. Weinsteins have proven through a lifetime of POW/MIA's left in Southeast Asia. The ques­ Today, I am pleased to congratulate Avila's service to their community, that they are wor­ tions and concerns raised by the author president, Dr. Larry Kramer, and the entire thy of this prestigious honor. should not be overlooked as they could prove Avila community on 75 years of academic ex­ The Weinsteins have played a significant to be extremely critical in the hopeful resolu­ cellence. On behalf of the Fifth District of Mis­ role in a wide variety of activities involving the tion of the POW/MIA issue. souri, I am proud to salute Avila College, an general public as well as the Jewish commu­ I include the full text of the attached article outstanding training ground for tomorrow's nity. Frances has demonstrated an untiring in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD following this leaders. commitment to Jewish affairs through a num­ statement: ber of organizations including the Waterbury ON THE TRAIL OF THE MIA'S TURKEY IS WELL SUITED FOR A Jewish Federation, the Temple Israel Sister­ (By Edward Tivnan) STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP hood and through her work as president and For 30 years, Jerry Mooney carried around life member of Hadassah. Her concern for the in his head some of America's deepest se­ community knows no bounds. She has given crets. His wife, Barbara, followed him to HON. GREG LAUGHLIN generously to such worthy organizations as posts in Thailand, Okinawa and Ft. Meade, OF TEXAS the United Way, the Child Guidance Clinic, the Md., but never knew exactly what her hus­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Girl Scouts, and she presently serves on the band did every day. Mooney had pledged Tuesday, October 29, 1991 never to reveal anything he worked on or board of the Guilford Interfaith Housing Corp. saw, and no one he worked with ever ex­ Mr. LAUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, of the over 40 The family tradition of hard work and deep pected the quiet, upright, measured and me­ countries in the world with predominantly Mus­ concern for people is exemplified by Beryl's in­ ticulous Mooney to break that pledge. Ever. lim population, only one is a flourishing de­ volvement with the Waterbury Jewish Federa­ Then in the late '80s, Mooney did an ex­ mocracy where free and fair elections serve tion, Temple Israel, the Connecticut Jewish traordinary thing. He gave secret testimony as a means of transferring power from one ad­ Community Relations Council, and the Council before a Senate committee and appeared on ministration to another. This country joined the of Jewish Federations. Since founding the national television alleging that the U.S. NATO Alliance in 1952 and has proven a reli­ Doctors Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., in 1946, government had abandoned hundreds of American prisoners in Southeast Asia after able and valuable partner through the cold he has remained active in the educational field the Vietnam War. He also claimed that U.S. war, the Korean conflict, and most recently, with the Jewish Educational Service of North intelligence officials knew not only that the gulf war. America and the Mattatuck Community Col­ Hanoi had withheld American POWs as "bar­ Mr. Speaker, that country is the Republic of lege, where he currently serves as chairman gaining chips" for future negotiations, but Turkey. Democracy was reaffirmed in Turkey of the board of the college's foundation. also that the North Vietnamese had handed on October 20 when voters went to the polls Their commitment to education is critical. I over scores of American airmen to the Sovi­ to select 450 members of the Grand National hope my colleagues will join with me in com­ ets for interrogation; 50 or so POWs, he Assembly, or parliament, for the next 5 years. mending them on receiving this prestigious charged, had disappeared into the hands of The elections were fair, well-supervised by the the Soviets. award and I wish them continued success in For many families of men "missing in ac­ judiciary's supreme election council, and with­ all their future endeavors. tion" in Southeast Asia, Mooney's revela­ out incident. tions were the next best thing to a real-life The Turkish constitution provides for legisla­ Rambo rescuing an American POW from the tive, executive, and judicial branches of gov­ ANOTHER LOOK AT OUR POW/ jungles of Laos or Vietnam. Since the end of ernment. Legislative power is vested in the MIA'S IN VIETNAM: WHAT WAS the Vietnam War, MIA activists had been Turkish Grand National Assembly, or par­ MOSCOW'S ROLE? waging their own guerrilla war against the liament. government, convinced that the United Months of active campaigning, involving six HON. BILL McCOLLUM States was not telling all it knew about the major political parties, preceded the recent fate of more than 2,000 men who remained OF FLORIDA elections in Turkey. The country was buzzing unaccounted for. Jerry Mooney, however, with campaign jingles and election excitement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was no Rambo. He had spent most of his 20- year career in the Air Force behind a desk, Over 80 percent of the eligible Turks, exercis­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 assigned to the National Security Agency, ing their constitutional rights, voted for the Mr. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Speaker, I rise today the nation's largest and most secretive intel­ candidate of their choice. to bring to the attention of my colleagues an ligence operation. As a code breaker and an­ Our President visited Turkey last July, the article published in last Sunday's Los Angeles alyst, he eavesdropped on radio and signals first to do so since President Eisenhower. Dur­ Times magazine, entitled "On the Trail of the communications around the globe. During ing his visit, leaders of the two countries dis­ MIA's" by Edward Tivnan. The author of this the Vietnam War, Mooney culled informa­ tion about American POWs from literally cussed the promising possibilities of a new article raises important questions and brings to strategic partnership. Indeed, given its strong tons of North Vietnamese communications light details about the POW/MIA issue here­ that America had intercepted with its high­ democratic institutions and traditions, its stra­ tofore unknown. flying, intelligence-gathering planes and tegic location between the Middle East and One critical issue addressed in this article is ground-based listening posts. Southern Europe, and its unique and flourish­ the National Security Agency's role during the When Mooney went public in 1987, he was ing democracy, Turkey is well suited for such Vietnam war in the intelligence gathering and the first member of the intelligence commu­ a partnership. analysis of North Vietnam's radio and signals nity to break his vow of silence and talk about the top-secret POW data that had communications that revealed the capture and crossed his desk-and what he had to say FRANCES AND BERYL WEINSTEIN subsequent whereabouts of American pilots amounted to charges of a massive MIA AWARDED THE PRESTIGIOUS brought down over Laos and North Vietnam. cover-up. TORCH OF LEARNING AWARD Based upon the sworn testimony of Jerry It was startling stuff. But the U.S. govern­ Mooney, a former NSA analyst, "the United ment all but ignored Jerry Mooney. The Pen­ HON. ROSA L DeLAURO States Government had abandoned hundreds tagon quickly and strenuously declared that of American prisoners in Southeast Asia after "the commonly repeated myth that U.S. per­ OF CONNECTICUT the Vietnam war." He also claims, "that U.S. sonnel with specialized technical knowledge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were kept in Vietnam or sent to third coun­ intelligence officials knew not only that Hanoi Tuesday, October 29, 1991 tries is not supported by any evidence." had withheld American POW's as 'bargaining After all, officials have pointed out, of the Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, it is with great chips' for future negotiations, but also that the 591 POWs who did return from Vietnam, not pleasure that I rise today to recognize the re- North Vietnamese had handed over scores of one remembered ever having been interro- 28992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 gated by Soviet officers. But the government offered a rebuttal: "There is no foundation week in 1966, Hopkins has learned from con­ made no effort to discredit Mooney's out­ to support" Peck's charges. temporary reports, the Soviets launched 29 standing NSA service record, and it did not The Pentagon also continues to issue blan­ missiles and scored only a single hit. dispute that Mooney had been in a position ket denials of Mooney's allegations: "For the Soviet prestige-not to mention the war ef­ to see POW-related intelligence data. And past few years," it recently told The Times, fort-depended on finding out how American though, according to Mooney, representa­ "Mr. Mooney has made various claims to planes were evading the SAMs. The obvious tives from the NSA and Justice Department possess information on U.S. POWs. U.S. gov­ sources of up-to-date American intelligence warned him to "shut your mouth," he was ernment records have been checked, includ­ were the hundreds of American airmen who not prosecuted for breaking the law by di­ ing all intelligence sources, and there is were literally falling into the arms of Mos­ vulging secrets. nothing to support Mr. Mooneys claims. Fur­ cow's loyal allies, the North Vietnamese. But where were the other Jerry Mooneys? ther, we have no intelligence to support a be­ Sitting in Okinawa in 1968, Jerry Mooney, an As Mooney says, "I just got a little piece of lief that U.S. prisoners were taken to the So­ old Russian hand, naturally assumed, as did the rock. People in higher positions saw viet Union." his superiors, that the Soviets would not more." Even those who wanted to believe To try to settle the MIA issue once and for leave Vietnam without carrying back as this NSA whistle-blower wondered why no all, the Pentagon has opened an office in much knowledge about enemy air power as one else-from among the hundreds of NSA, Hanoi-the U.S. government's first official possible, up to and including the interroga­ CIA and Defense Intelligence Agency work­ presence in Vietnam since the war-to re­ tion of American prisoners. But Mooney sus­ ers who could have seen similar data-had search the fate of the missing men. And the pected that the North Vietnamese would be emerged to support Mooney's claims. Senate, at the instigation of Sen. Robert C. secretive about handing over POWs to the During the next four years, Mooney tried Smith (R-N.H.), a Vietnam veteran and a Russians. He didn't expect to find evidence of to get his side of the story out to official persistent MIA activist in Congress, voted it in the low-level intercepts he was "work­ Washington. He talked to lawyers, to state last summer to hold Watergate-style hear­ ing." legislators, to congressmen. He talked to ings on the issue. The temporary Select Then, in 1968, in uncoded "plain text," he MIA families about what he believed had Committee, chaired by Sen. John Kerry (D­ saw a transcription of a casual radio con­ happened to their loved ones and swore out Mass.), also a Vietnam veteran, is likely to versation between guards worried that a begin hearing testimony this week. Accord­ passing F-4 might have photographed a camp and filed affidavits on their behalf. At the for Americans near Cu Loi, northeast of same time, mud was slung in Mooney's direc­ ing to Smith and Kerry, the committee will Hanoi. Subsequent radio transmissions tion. He was "off the wall," intelligence explore the Russian connection: "Mooney is among North Vietnamese troops referred to sources told interested members of Congress, a critical witness," said Frances Zwenig in the my-Vietnamese for Americans-in "a flake." Kerry's office. Mooney may have company. trucks being escorted toward an airfield at In the end, Mooney had little effect. Presi­ The committee reportedly has been ap­ Bai Thong by the ban, the "friends," a term dents Reagan and Bush may have called ac­ proached by former and current members of Mooney says the North Vietnamese rou­ counting for the MIAs "the nation's highest the intelligence community willing to talk tinely used to refer to their Soviet allies. priority," but Mooney's allegations, along about MIAs if the Senate promises them im­ Further intercepts confirmed that the air­ with the entire MIA issue, slipped back into munity. field was a holding area for American POWs. history as the country accepted the idea that Roger Shields, deputy assistant secretary Bored with tracking the movement of troops all that could have been done to account for of defense in charge of POW/MIA affairs from and supplies down the Ho Chi Minh trail, the nation's MIAs had been done. 1971 to 1976, has long been an MIA skeptic. Mooney began searching for POW informa­ Their fate, however, continued to dominate He dismisses nearly all claims by activists as tion in his data. He was amazed at how much Jerry Mooney's life. During the past few rumor and innuendo. "The smoking gun," he he found. SMting through current and past years, he admits, "I've felt pretty alone." says, "has not been revealed." In his years in intercepts, he saw what he believed to be ref­ No longer. A six-month investigation I the Defense Department, Shields says, he erences to prisoners being shifted from camp conducted in the United States and the So­ never saw anything that suggested that any to· camp, to the presence of Soviet advisers viet Union has turned up intelligence sources prisoner was ever interrogated by the Rus­ in the area of the camps, to execution orders, who confirm Mooney's story. Another former sians. Yet he calls Gen. Kalugin's statements to prisoners being· assigned to slave labor. NSA analyst, retired air-defense specialist "a very hot lead." But Moa:aey couldn't convince his superi­ Terrell A. Minarcin, has come forward with "If [he] is willing to talk to us and can give ors that scouting for prisoners should be part his own stories about American POWs held details that will make sense," Shield says, of intelligence gathering in Vietnam. The after the war ended and interrogated by the "if he's the guy who was involved,. that's the NSA. was "tasked" only to track materiel Soviets. And in several interviews in Moscow kind of thing I'm talking about when I say aml peroonnel moving up and down the Ho last winter, Soviet intell1gence sources ad­ 'smoking gun,' and definitely grist for the Chi Minh trail and to provide air-defense in­ mitted for the first time that the Russians Senate investigation." formation to U.S.. pilots. In 1970, when he re­ made secret arrangements with Hanoi to in­ In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson ordered turned to agency headquarters a.t Ft. Meade. terrogate American POWs. "In my time in the bombing of North Vietnam, code-named Mooney was still keeping unofficial tabs on intelligence," says retired KGB Maj. Gen. "Operation Roll1ng Thunder." The North Vi­ the POWs. still dogging his bosses. Finally, Oleg Kalugin, a former head of Soviet for­ etnamese, with virtually no air force of their in 1971, he says, he· got the go-ahead to report eign counterespionage, "we did participate own and no anti-aircraft defense system, POW information through official channels. in the interrogation of American prisoners." sought help from their communist ally, the Mooney became a grudging a.dmirer of the Mooney, Minarcin and the Soviet sources Soviet Union. Moscow trained North Viet­ North Vietnamese air-defense system. The do not claim to have evidence of Americans namese pilots to fly MIGs, and the Soviet North Vietnamese had quickly learned to still alive in custody anywhere. But their Union also sent one of its most effective sur­ spot the U.S. planes, track them with their stories combine to create compelling testi­ face-to-air missile systems to Hanoi-the own radar, target certain aircraft and "0.ak­ mony that Hanoi lied about returning all the SAM-2. To deploy the SAMs, the government trap" them. Shells from a large gun would American POWs in its custody in 1973 and of Leonid I. Brezhnev dispatched a group of force a plane to veer into the sights of small­ that the best proof of this may be in the files "advisers" under civilian cover to Hanoi. er guns, increasing the probability that the of a North Vietnamese ally: the Soviet The arrival of the SAMs in Vietnam plane would crash-land in piece large enough Union. alarmed American strategists, according to for future examination. Sixty percent of the These revelations come at a time when the U.S. military historians. It was a SAM that planes were being knocked down by anti-air­ MIA issue has leaped back into the head­ had knocked Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy craft cannon, not by the SAMs. lines. Last spring, Army Col. M111ard Peck, plane out of the sky in 1960. Nikita S. Khru­ The interceptions showed that the North chief of the Pentagon's Special Office for shchev boasted that Soviet airspace was im­ Vietnamese were sorting American pilots Prisoners of War and Missing in Action, an­ penetrable. "We didn't believe that the into categories as soon as they hit the grily resigned. The government's MIA efforts Americans could successfully interfere with ground, Mooney says. Those downed near were a "travesty" and a "charade," he our missiles," recalled Lt. Gen. Vladimir Hanoi went into the prisoner-of-war complex charged. "A coverup may be in progress." Abramov, commander of the Soviet Air De­ that came to be known as the Hanoi Hilton, Peck, a highly decorated career intelligence fense Forces in Vietnam from 1965 to 1968, in where they were held for propaganda pur­ officer, later told members of Congress that an interview in his Moscow apartment last poses; many captured near supply lines were there was "a strong possibility" that Ameri­ winter. But when the shoot-downs in Viet­ used for slave labor, and any prisoner un­ cans were st111 alive in Southeast Asia. nam were totaled at the end of 1965, the lucky enough to have killed a North Viet­ Shortly after that, the Republican staff of SAMs had achieved a pathetic k111 rate of namese officer during a bombing raid might the Senate Foreign Relations Committee re­ 5%. be executed (a bullet in the back of the head leased an updated draft of a 12C>-page report "By mid-1966, the performance of the SAM was the preferred method). on the MIA issue confirming Peck's claims. was an embarrassment,'' says Robert S. Hop­ Mooney remembers that he and his col­ Within weeks, the Pentagon investigated and kins m, an aviation historian. During one leagues called the American stars falling October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28993 from the sky "manna from Lenin" for their released men off his list, and others ac­ ing his retirement, the government, begin­ priceless value to Soviet intelligence. They counted for by those men, Mooney still had ning in 1977, had reclassified the more than included alumni of the space program, flyers a roster of 290 unaccounted-for Americans he 2,000 MIAs in Laos and Vietnam as "pre­ with technical degrees, officers specializing believed to have been captured alive. About sumed dead," although just a year earlier in electronic warfare and crew members of 50 of those men he marked "MB"-for Mos­ hundreds of them had been classified as secret planes. cow Bound. While he had seen no specific in­ alive. "I was totally shocked-that's the These "special talents," says Mooney, telligence showing that prisoners had been only word for it," recalls Mooney. "You often ended up in a camp across the border in transported to the Soviet Union, what he had don't abandon your own guys who are fight­ Laos, near Sam Neua, the stronghold of the seen made him suspicious. "MB" stood for ing and dying for their country." He knew Pathet Lao. According to Mooney's analysis the "special talents" that he had tracked there was nothing he could do without of the intercepts, all the evidence pointed to until they disappeared-in his estimation, breaking his NASA secrecy vows, and un­ Sam Neua's being "the main Soviet interro­ into Soviet hands. thinkable step. gation center." The "friends" were there in Four "special talents" were particularly But his secrets started gnawing at him. He high numbers, according to intelligence fresh in Mooney's mind. After the cease-fire, began to suffer severe chest pains. Three gleaned from enemy defectors and South Vi­ in February, 1973, the North Vietnamese shot stints in the hospital and a heart catheter­ etnamese spies. NSA intercepts also alerted down an EC--47Q reconnaissance plane. U.S. ization revealed a healthy heart. Mooney Mooney to "a high concentration of flights" intelligence officers on the ground quickly confided in a friend, a Roman Catholic into the area. The Vietnamese appeared to learned that some of the crew had probably priest. "Father Jim looked me straight in be transporting POWs by truck from the survived. According to Mooney, NSA inter­ the eye and said: 'If you don't want the cold camp near Cu Loi to Bai Thong, where they cepts confirmed that the number was four hand of God's justice wrapped around your were flown by IL-14s--Russian transport and that they were headed for Hanoi. Hanoi, heart, get out and do something about it.'" planes-to Sam Neua. Mooney concedes that however, returned no EC-47Q survivors. To In January, 1987, Mooney went public in analysis in the DIA thought that the main Mooney, the crew members were logical can­ "We Can Keep You Forever: The Story of the Soviet center was at Lang Son, northeast of didates for Soviet interrogation. All of them MIA's," a television documentary produced Hanoi, but he never saw what he considered were experts in electronic surveillance, and by Ted Landreth and me in association with to be adequate confirmation of that. at least one-Peter Cressman-had analyzed BBC Documentaries. In the few minutes of Among the brightest of the United States' television time allotted to him, Mooney told "special talents" in North Vietnam were the inte111gence on the Soviet Union before his crews of the two-seater F-llls, then the Air stint in Vietnam. They were among the last his tale of POWs left for dead and men he Force's latest and hottest fighter bomber. names he listed "MB." had listed as "Moscow Bound." Then he Mooney says his orders were to pay special Mooney assumed that, behind the scenes, waited for the story to break wide open. In­ attention to lost F-111 pilots, and he tracked every effort was being made to account for stead, it died amid blanket government deni­ them all via their own before-crash trans­ or bring home the men he thought had been als. missions and intercepted North Vietnamese captured alive. He insists that according to Mooney decided that the next time around communications. In 1968, intercepts showed orders at the NSA, even four years after the he would tell everything he knew, secrecy that two F-llls were flak-trapped with all war, "the highest national priority, right and prosecution be damned. He began to pre­ four men surviving. Further intercepts indi­ down to the intercept desk and reporters, pare himself by ransacking his memory for cated that these men were taken to Sam was to isolate, identify and recover Amer­ each bit of MIA data he could recall, eventu­ Neua. The North Vietnamese, Mooney con­ ican POWs, particularly in Laos." (More ally piling up 400 pages of fact, analysis and cluded, had handed them over to the Soviets. than 600 men were reported missing there; theory, complete with his own rough In September, 1972, the 361st Division of not one has ever been accounted for.) sketches of the position of anti-aircraft bat­ the North Vietnamese artillery shot down a In 1977, Mooney, then a master sergeant teries and maps revealing the extent of U.S. third F-111 crew. According to the data that and the noncommissioned officer in charge airborne intelligence-gathering operations. Mooney saw, one American died; the other of airborne inte111gence-gathering operations According to Mooney, during the early 1970s, was sent along the route to Gu Loi, Bai for the 6970th Air Base Group at NSA head­ the United States was flying its most sophis­ Thong and Sam Neua. In October, another quarters, retired from the Air Force after ticated intelligence planes over Southeast one went down and Mooney saw evidence of having served 20 years, two months and two Asia-U-2s and specially equipped C-130s one survivor (however, after the war, the re­ days. According to written reports of his su­ over Laos and EC-135s over the Gulf of Ton­ mains of both members of this crew were re­ periors, Mooney's had been an exemplary ca­ kin-16 hours a day, seven days a week. "For turned to the United States). Two more F­ reer in intelligence analysis. "A perfection­ the government to say 'we have no evidence' llls went down in November. In one case, ist," wrote one of his bosses. "Mooney is one about POWs and MIAs is absurd," Mooney both crew members survived and ended up of the most outstanding NCOs I have ever says. with the "friends." In the other, Mooney's had the pleasure of supervising," wrote an­ Mooney challenged the government to information showed no survivors. Then in other. Mooney's evaluations or his Vietnam prosecute him not only by divulging his se­ December, a seventh F-111 went down. Ac­ service, for example never fell below the crets but also by swearing out and signing cording to Mooney, the intercepts showed highest rating. affidavits on specific MIA cases and sending that the crew did not eject before crashing Upon retiring, Mooney went with his wife, them to mostly unresponsive U.S. senators. into the Gulf of Tonkin, off Vinh Linh in Barbara, to her home state of Montana, tak­ At the urging of then-Congressman Robert North Vietnam. He considered them killed in ing up residence in a town so remote that it Smith, Mooney even wrote to the DIA re­ action. didn't receive network TV. Mooney took a questing a closed-session meeting. The letter The crew of only one of the F-llls lost in job as a grocery store manager and began was returned unopened and stamped Vietnam returned home with the POWs in looking forward to watching his daughters "N.G.B."-Not Government Business. 1973. The fighter-the last F-111 casualty of grow up and to "having my piece of the Mooney had been one of the NSA's prized the war-fell on Dec. 22, 1972, one month be­ American dream." performers; now he was a Washington pariah. fore the peace accords were signed. These Mooney's American idyll ended in 1985, the He began to wonder if anyone else privy to men were part of another pattern that Moon­ year cable TV brought national news to the similar intelligence data would ever join him ey noticed in the POW data he saw: Near the wilds of Montana. Tuned into CNN one night, out on his limb. end of the war, the intercepts no longer Mooney saw a report about the first Amer­ In a jaunty cap-the type a British sports showed "special talent" being moved to Sam ican excavation of a Vietnam War air-crash car driver might wear-an American-style Neua. It appeared that Hanoi was saving site in Laos. According to the government, beige raincoat, a gray suit and tie, Maj. Gen. POWs for a prisoner exchange, rather than the remains of the entire 13-man crew of an Kalugin, one of the KGB's top officials over turning them over to the Soviets. Mooney AC-130A Spectre gunship, shot down in 1972, two decades, ushered his visitors past the se­ says the NSA called it "Operation Warm had been found. curity police and into the Moskva Hotel off Body Count." Mooney was stunned. He stormed around Red Square. A member of the now-disbanded In late 1972, in preparation for the negotia­ the room kicking the furniture. "I knew the Congress of People's Deputies as well as the tions he knew were inevitable, Mooney began government was lying," he says. Hours after Supreme Soviet, Kalugin, who left the KGB to compile lists of all the men he had the gunship had gone down, intelligence had in 1990, confirmed in a one-hour interview tracked as missing or captured-about 1,000 landed on Mooney's desk reporting that five last March that the Russians had interro­ names in all. When the North Vietnamese of the plan's crew had bailed out and been gated American POWs in Vietnam. eventually turned over 591 POWs in 1973, captured alive. According to Mooney, an A few days before, in a separate interview President Richard Nixon announced exult­ NSA analyst in another office later received in Moscow, the former head of the Soviet Air antly to the nation: "All our brave men are confirmation from different source that the Defense Forces in Vietnam, Col. Gen. back home again." five Americans were indeed in enemy hands. Abramov, said that he'd been disappointed at To Mooney, Nixon's pronouncement was After a few phone calls to NSA buddies, the results of the North Vietnamese interro­ pure politics. After crossing the names of the Mooney found that while he had been enjoy- gations of American POWs: "They didn't 28994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 even know what to ask," he said. Still, the The second group he interrogated consisted They had already figured out that qua re­ Soviets hadn't taken over the interrogation. of "military personnel" captured in the ferred to rockets-as in "the F-4 is loaded According to Abramov, there was a strict Pleiku area and one American pilot. The with qua"-and that bananas referred to agreement between Moscow and Hanoi: "The Russian source remembered that the pilot guided rockets, and that other fruits referred Soviet specialists would not have any con­ still wore his jumpsuit and carried his hel­ to other ordnance. But it took the air-de­ tact with the Americans." met. He had no idea what happened to those fense analysts two years, according to How did Kalugin square Abramov's denial men. Minarcin, to see enough fruit references in with his own information? Kalugin smiled His final stop was the tunnels of Cu Chi, an the coded traffic to surmise that imprisoned and then explained: "You see, the generals underground Viet Cong stronghold in South airmen in the "market" were designated by may not know." Kalugin said he himself Vietnam. The source claimed that many the "fruit" their planes delivered. worked hard to persuade then-KGB chief prisoners were held there, including pilots. Minarcin stresses that, unlike Mooney, Yuri Andropov to work out an arrangement He interrogated the pilots but did not know who returned to Ft. Meade in 1970 and soon with the Ministry of Interior in Hanoi-"not their destination. The source did not provide received permission to focus on the POW the military," noted Kalugin-to allow the information of Americans held after the war problem, "I had other things to worry about, KGB to go to Vietnam to interrogate Ameri­ ended. like Joe Blow sitting on a runway and cans. It was all done. Kalugin said, "at a Monney has a mixed response to the infor­ whether a Vietnamese triple A-anti-aircraft very high level." mation that Soviets had interrogated Amer­ artillery-was preparing a flak trap for KGB agents were dispatched for stints in ican POWs: "I'm happy that I've got some him." Minarcin says that sometimes a year Vietnam to interrogate select Americans, support, but it really bothers me that it had would go by without his processing a POW Kalugin remembered. "I was not there my­ to come from the Russians." Within weeks, reference. Nevertheless, he did see evidence self," he said in idiomatic English. "but I however, another source surfaced and went "of a very high validity" that American pris­ knew people who went to Vietnam to take on the record-this time another American. oners were alive, held in special camps, and part in the interrogations, to collect intel­ In September, 1987, Terry Minarcin and that the Soviets were invariably nearby. One ligence information." One "subordinate," he some channel-grazing friends in Tacoma, case in particular sticks in his mind. It in­ said in a later telephone conversation, inter­ Wash., hit upon a showing of the BBC docu­ volved a fellow intelligence analyst, an EC- rogated a navy pilot. Kalugin recalled that mentary about the MIAs. Minarcin, a retired 47Q crew member, who was shot down just 12 one such conversation took place "in 1976, Air Force master sergeant, saw shots of a fa­ hours after he and Minarcin had had a beer after the war." When pressed on the year miliar, bespectacled face. "That guy was my together in a bar in Thailand. The man's during two separate interviews, Kalugin boss," he announced to his friends. He didn't name was Peter Cressman. Like Jerry Moon­ stuck to his story: The KGB was interrogat­ tell them how shocked he was. "Mooney was ey, Minarcin saw the radio traffic about the ing Americans even after the war. He the last person I thought would be the first EC-47Q and knew that "bandit American pi­ claimed that he personally oversaw from person to break silence on the MIA issue," lots" had been captured. Minarcin says that Moscow the interrogation of an American Minarcin says. a month later, NSA surveillance picked up a CIA agent in Hanoi. "We were not the chief For 18 years in Okinawa, Taiwan, Thailand request from a military complex near Vinh interrogators," Kalugin hastened to add. and at NSA headquarters in Ft. Meade, for language experts to interrogate "the "We were present. We sometimes asked the Minarcin, a Vietnamese linguist, was an air­ SIGNINT [signals intelligence] specialist" questions * * * [The North Vietnamese] were defense specialist. Like Mooney, he decoded who had recently been captured. Minarcin the sole responsible party. Our role was to reported and analyzed communications reckoned that his friend had fallen into So­ collect intelligence, but at no time, to my intercepted by NSA equipment. viet hands. knowledge, were we aware of [the prisoners'] Minarcin, now 44, confirmed that gathering In 1977, four years after the signing of the future destinies, whatever happened to them POW information was not part of the NSA's Paris peace accords, the Carter Administra­ afterward." job in Vietnam. But like Mooney, Minarcin tion began reviewing MIA cases and reclassi- · The mystery about what happened to the began to notice patterns concerning POWs in fying men "presumed dead." But in 1978, American POWs deepened when another So­ the intercepted "systems" he was decoding Minarcin, then back at Ft. Meade and still viet source appeared. Yuri Pankov, a re­ in the late '60s. The data indicated that working on Vietnam surveillance, continued porter for the Moscow newspaper downed American flyers and captured covert to run across references to American POWs Kommersant, coordinated and collaborated operators were ending up at camps in areas who, he believed, were alive. In one case, on the Soviet end of the investigation for where intelligence had placed Russians. Minarcin says he overheard a radio operator this story. Through a KGB official, Pankov Minarcin says he filed routine reports on complaining to the man at the other end put out the word that he wanted to speak such information, most of it from relatively that bad weather had destroyed their rice with officers who had knowledge of KGB in­ low-level communications. and he had been sent to Bai 'Fhong to get terrogation of American prisoners in Viet­ Starting in 1968, the data suddenly got a rice; there he saw American POWs, who, he nam. His contact's identity as a KGB agent lot better. NSA analysts, Minarcin says, griped, were drier and better fed than he was. was confirmed by retired KGB Col. Yaroslav broke a Vietnamese code that allowed them Mooney had identified Bai Thong as a hold­ Karpovich, who worked in domestic counter­ to interpret high-level political commu­ ing area for American "special talents" in espionage and who in 1989 was the first niques about internal security matters. For 1968. former KGB officer to denounce the agency. the next 18 months, until the enemy up­ In February or March of 1978, Minarcin Pankov's contact told him to expect a tele­ graded to a more complex radio system, NSA says, he saw a Vietnamese m111ta.ry commu­ phone call. analysts listened in on discussions about nique giving the flight itinerary of a heli­ Within days, the phone rang and the voice "political re-education camps" for South Vi­ copter scheduled to leave the Bai Thong air at the end of line told Pankov, "I have infor­ etnamese POWs-the nguy, or "puppets"­ field with 12 tu binh my (American POWs) mation about the subject you're interested and the American POWs-tu binh my. In and transport them to Muong Sen. There, in." The caller told Pankov to meet him at some intercepts, the Americans were called the Americans were to load the chopper with a particular Moscow street corner and to giac lai my, "bandit American pilots," who wood that had been cut by other American bring a map of Vietnam. At the meeting, the were being sent to prison camps south of POWs. "When I told my colleagues of this source said he was a KGB officer but refused Hanoi near Thanh Hoa, Thai Binh and Ninh communique," Minarcin says, "I was told to give Pankov his name. Binh. The communiques also indicated which not to report it, as all POWs were considered In 1966, the source told Pankov, he had groups required "white hats"-Vietnamese dead." gone to three locations on the Ho Chi Minh slang for members of the state security appa­ Minarcin, unlike Mooney, also claims to trail in South Vietnam and in Laos, specifi­ ratus-who, according to the pattern have come across specific transportation cally to interrogate American POWs. He Minarcin saw in the intercepts, only accom­ data that he feels support the idea that pointed to each location on the map Pankov panied American prisoners who were not American POWs did not simply disappear had brought to the interview. In Laos, the headed for the Hanoi Hilton. into the hands of the Soviets, but that they source interrogated ground personnel cap­ Minarcin believes that Russians were at were actually taken to the Soviet Union. In tured near Da Nang, asking them specifically the other end of the shipments he began dis­ late 1977 and early 1978, while analyzing about American air tactics in the area­ covering in 1968. He bases his conclusion, as daily flight schedules listed by Hanoi's civil­ radar-jamming devices and the flight pat­ does Mooney, in part on data showing that ian aviation control, Minarcin came across terns of the RB-47, a strategic reconnais­ Soviet "advisers" were based in the loca­ references to special flights scheduled from sance plan. The interrogation lasted two tions to which the Vietnamese were sending various locations in Vietnam, including, he days; the third morning he was told that the the POWs. realized, areas where earlier intelligence had nine Americans were dead. Surprised, the Then in 1971 and 1972, Minarcin and his col­ indicated American prisoners were held. source went to see for himself-and said he leagues began seeing Vietnamese references "Special flight A," according to his analysis, found the men with their throats slit, the to "going to market and needing qua"-fruit. referred to high-level military passengers, work of the North Vietnamese. "Like a shopping list," Minarcin theorizes. "B" referred to high-level political pas- October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28995 sengers, "C" was a planeload of inter­ tioned by Soviets just didn't make sense. "It And there remains no good access to MIA national diplomats. "D was the last cat­ was amazing," he says. "Something was information. Neither Mooney, Minarcin nor egory," explains Minarcin, who says the missing." In 1981, he told Congress that he Roger Shields, for example, was aware until radio code used by Hanoi aviation control was personally convinced that American recently of Nguyen Cong Hoan, a Vietnamese was easily cracked because the Vietnamese POWs had been left behind in Southeast national assemblyman who defected in 1977 were using captured American coding ma­ Asia. Now he says, "When I testified before and the next year testified before Congress chines. "The D flights would always origi­ [Congress], as I did every six months or so in closed session. In the political circles he nate in a POW area, fly to another POW area when I was head of the DIA, I said repeatedly traveled in, he testified, it was "everyday or Soviet interrogation center and back, or that there were three possible explanations conversation" that Hanoi had held onto to Hanoi and out of the country." as to what happened to the men who did not Americans as "trump cards." Hoan also said Minarcin paid particular attention to the return: (1) They were held for reparations­ that he heard that some American prisoners D flights, checking out pilot and air-traffic the Vietnamese had a tradition of hostage­ had been sent to the Soviet Union for inter­ communications related to them. The inter­ taking; (2) they were maimed and the Viet­ rogation. cepts, he says, showed that in the six-week namese were simply embarrassed to give Mooney and Minarcin feel certain that period he monitored, at least once a week them up, and (3) they were 'special talents' they are not the only American intelligence men would leave D flights at Gia Lam air­ who were held to trade with the Soviets and analysts who saw the data they describe. port in Hanoi, and Vietnamese security the Chinese." What to do about it, they say, has split the agents would march them into a nearby Still, neither Tighe nor Shields saw data or intelligence community. Mooney says he has holding area. "Within a matter of hours," analyses such as Mooney and Minarcin de­ received calls from anonymous analysts still Minarcin says, "a Russian airliner, usually scribe. Says Shields: "No intelligence I ever active at NSA who say they're rooting for an 11-02, would depart Gia Lam for Moscow." saw * * * even raises as a possibility a spe­ him. "They ID'd themselves with an NSA Minarcin says that when analysts checked cific American who was turned over to Rus­ phone number or cipher logs," Mooney ex­ back through intercepts they found earlier sians or interrogated by Russians." plains. "They all say almost t he same words: examples of similar flight patterns in and Why wouldn't the reports have made it to 'This is an issue that cannot be won, and we out of Gia Lam. Shields or Tighe? Mooney and Minarcin as­ won't stick our necks out unless there's a In 1982, Minarcin heard through NSA asso­ sumed their work went through regular NSA chance of winning it.' " ciates working on Soviet intelligence that channels to the DIA, CIA and White House. Gen Tighe says it is unlikely that U.S. in­ they'd also tracked planes from Hanoi to Now Mooney wonders if the internal oper­ telligence sources "of regard" will ever come Moscow during the '70s. The word was that ations and rivalries of the U.S. intelligence forward. "I suspect that you're going to be passengers from those planes were then community might have prevented the analy­ able to get a lot of access to answers in the flown to areas of Siberia requiring special sis and data from getting to Shields and oth­ Soviet Union-from both the KGB and mili­ clearance and secured by the KGB. It is only ers at the top levels of government. "We tary sources. They feel an openness in speak­ a theory, but Minarcin believes that some couldn't send data forward on our own," he ing-these days-that will [benefit] our POWs ended up in Soviet custody. says. "The NSA are producers of intel­ knowledge of the whole thing." All this came back to Minarcin when he ligence, not users. Indeed, the new openness in the Soviet was Mooney on TV in 1987. Retired from the Mooney recalls that the first time he re­ Union, along with signs of new resolve on the Air Force in 1986 and living in Washington ferred in a transcription to "the friends," he part of American government officials, state, Minarcin wanted to call Mooney and got a call from CIA analyst asking, "Who the promises a fresh start in the effort to clear say that he, too, was bothered about the hell are 'the friends'?" Mooney also notes up the MIA issue in Southeast Asia. The missing men and what he remembered from that neither the DIA nor those preparing for Pentagon's Office for Seeking Missing Per­ the Vietnam intercepts. But he didn't know the Paris peace talks ever requested the raw sons set up shop in Hanoi in July; its ef­ how to reach Mooney and ended up keeping POW intelligence that the NSA informed forts-reviewing record, interviewing people what he knew to himself. them they had collected. "I just assumed and examining crash sites-have. as yet Then last Easter, on a trip to Florida, they had better data," he says. He also says yielded no results. And despite the official Minarcin ran into his past again. He saw a that after the POWs came home in 1973, he position of the government that there is no story in the Tampa Tribune about the efforts called a DIA analyst to remind him about Soviet MIA connection, the State Depart­ of the Cressman family to persuade the gov­ the men they both knew were captured but ment has formally requested access to KGB ernment to turn over information about hadn't been returned, including the EC-47Q files to check them for references to Amerf­ their son Peter. Minarcin was stunned to re­ crew. The reply, according to Mooney: cans held from World War II through the alize that all the members of the EC-47Q "Yeah, we know. We're working on it." Vietnam War. According to Deputy Sec­ crew were now considered killed in action. "I just can't believe that the NSA had all retary of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger. the He called the Cressmans and told them that this material that never went into the sys­ government is cautiously optimistic that the he believed their son had been captured and, tem anywhere," Shields says. "I can't be­ Soviets will coop,erate. In a letter to Rep. perhaps, had been turned over to the Soviets. lieve that my own DNA people who were co­ John Miller (R-Wash.) dated Sept. 5, The Cressmans said that they had heard a ordinating the intelligence effort were keep­ Eagleburger wrote: "In light of the increas­ similar story from Minarcin's old boss, Jerry ing this from me." ingly reformist bent of the Soviet govern­ Mooney. Shields does remember seeing at least ment-and the appointment of ai Dew min­ After making the phone call, Minarcin re­ some of the same intelligence as Mooney and ister of the interior-I am hopeful that the alized that he had crossed a line. Like Moon­ Minarcin; he also believes that Peter Soviet side will see. the advantages of acced­ ey, whom he had not seen since 1974, Cressman and other crew members of the ing our request.'' Minarcin was finally ready to tell all that he EC-47Q were captured alive. He says that the Meanwhile, the Senate is mounting its lat­ knew. Air Force, over his protests, declared them est investigation. "Some people in the intel­ Although the Pentagon still insists that killed in action. Shields did not see evidence ligence community say that Mooney is off there is no evidence to support a Russian or analysis that led him to believe they the wall," says Sen. Smith, the only member connection to the MIAs, even a skeptic like ended up in Soviet hands, however. Still, he of the Senate so far to have talked to the re­ former deputy assistant secretary of defense says, "If you can resolve the EC-47Q case, tired NSA analyst. "But they won't let you Roger Shields grants that the Soviets would you will find out a lot about a lot of missing look at the files to substantiate their have had good reasons to talk to American men." (According to a Pentagon spokes­ claim." In announcing the formation of the POWs. The Soviets would have to have been person, the crew's change in status was "ad­ Select Committee, Smith said: "The execu­ "far more incompetent and far more un­ ministrative, so that, for instance, wives tive branch has resisted giving Congress in­ aware and far more stupid and lackadaisical could remarry and families could collect in­ telligence data on POWs and MIAs. They will about things [than we think they are] not to surance. It did not reflect new informa­ either provide it willingly or we are going to have talked to an American flier about his tion.") subpoena data and witnesses. It's that sim­ aircraft, tactics, anything he knew about Mooney and Minarcin claim that there are ple. We want to see the intelligence a soon as strategic plans and so forth," he concedes. similar cases and much more evidence, per­ possible." Retired Air Force Lt. Gen. Eugene F. haps too much. The eavesdropping equip­ Roger Shields advises the Senate to lean Tighe, chief of intelligence for the Pacific ment that the NSA used on the ground and on Hanoi. "We've just never pressed the Vi­ Command in Vietnam and later head of the in the air in Southeast Asia generated so etnamese hard enough on the MIAs," he DIA, agrees. "We professional intelligence much raw intelligence data-literally tons of says. "There are serious issues to be re­ officers believed that ['special talents') it-that the DIA and CIA found it hard to di­ solved, and there is that commitment a na­ would be a high priority for the Russians." gest. And "there was confusion as to who got tion makes to its people" not to a.bandon To Tighe, who headed a panel in the late '80s what," explains Mooney, who served on a those it sends to war. that examined to POW/MIA evidence, the special NSA commission that evaluated the "I went public precisely because I still be­ fact that returning POWs denied being ques- agency's performance in Vietnam. lieve in that commitment," Mooney says. He 28996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 29, 1991 is eagerly awaiting his subpoena to prove to sistant Superintendent Graden Mullis to community, including our Government, has the Senate under oath that "I'm not some take the helm from Jan. 1, 1992 until June 30, spoken out against the shelling of Dubrovnik, flake." by which time it hopes to have completed its little is being done to save the historic city. Indeed, Mooney, pointing to the manila search for a successor. The fighting in Croatia and the wanton de­ folder that contains his 20-year service It will be a difficult search, for the Floyd record of achievement and praise, prefers to County system knows it needs to expand its struction of Croatia's cultural heritage must see himself as a "hornet's nest" for official never-ending battle to graduate students cease. Mr. Milosevic's efforts to build a greater Washington-"a door they don't want to who can compete in a world growing ever Serbia have brought about the current crisis walk through." With anger rising in his more complex. It knows that tough budget and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The voice, Mooney says, "All this has cost me decisions caused by tough economic times country will never again be the same, and it is time and irritation and a little money. It's loom large. time for our Government to accept the new re­ been pretty lonely." He pauses and then Most of all, it will be a difficult search be­ alities in that troubled region. cause Floyd County has become accustomed marvels at the irony of Soviet sources ad­ I commend the following Washington Post mitting that Americans were interrogated to having the best. No less will now do. by Soviets, and at the appearance of new in­ According to Board Chairman Steve article on Dubrovnik to my colleagues in the formation from Minarcin. The anger dis­ Murdock, the qualifications for a successor Congress. appears. Mooney laughs and then announces, are: "Someone who places children No. 1, [From the Washington Post, Oct. 29, 1991) "I don't feel lonely anymore." someone with integrity, a progressive leader ASSAULT ON A MASTERPIECE-HUNGER, who can communicate well with the schools DISEASE THREATEN DEFIANT DUBROVNIK and with the community." (By Laura Silber) THANK YOU, DR. JENKINS That is a description of Jenkins. Troup County is getting all those at­ DUBROVNIK, YUGOSLAVIA. Every day now, tributes. Floyd County must now strive to hundreds of people pass along the ancient HON. GEORGE (BUDDY) DARDEN retain them. cobblestone streets of this historic fortress OF GEORGIA city, pointing out to each other the damage done to its architectural treasures by Yugo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DUBROVNIK AND THE DESTRUC­ slav army artillery. Tuesday , October 29, 1991 The Rupe Museum of clerical stonecarving TION OF CROATIA'S HERITAGE has been hit, along with a synagogue, a mon­ Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to astery and the Minceta Tower-part of the pay tribute to one of Georgia's finest school HON. WM. S. BROOMF1ELD medieval ramparts that have helped superintendents, J. Terry Jenkins, who is leav­ OF MICHIGAN Dubrovnik fend off attackers from land and sea for seven centuries. ing his position in Floyd County to return to his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES native Troup County to lead its schools. Windows in ornate Placa Square have been Under the exceptional leadership of Dr. Jen­ Tuesday, October 29, 1991 shattered by shellfire, and everywhere kins, the Floyd County School System has be­ Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, in his ef­ churches are secular buildings exemplifying Byzantine, Gothic and Renaissance notions come one of the most impressive in the State. forts to build a greater Serbia and improve his of beauty and order have been boarded up Dr. Jenkins has established a firm foundation political standing among his people, Serbian and sandbagged. Army troops cut off food, of quality education for Floyd County's youth, President Slobodan Milosevic has caused over fuel and water supplies to the 60,000 inhab­ and we are encouraged that this tradition of 1,000 deaths and thousands more injuries, itants of this Adriatic port city weeks ago, excellence will continue in the years to come. displaced over 200,000 people and brought and now the stench of human excrement and Although the people of Floyd County are untold damage to the Republic of Croatia. On rot hangs in the humid air. saddened by Dr. Jenkins' departure, his leg­ Monday, the European Community delivered "It's a clash between culture and barbar­ ians," said Dubrovnik Mayor Pero Poljanic, acy of better education for Floyd County will an ultimatum to the Serbian dictator: He has referring to the month-old struggle for the long be remembered. We wish him well. until November 5 to stop the cease-fire viola­ city between Yugoslav army troops and mili­ Mr. Speaker, I believe the following editorial tions by the Serbian-led Yugoslav National tia forces of secessionist Croatia whose de­ in the Rome News-Tribune best expresses our Army. Unless the fighting stops and Serbia co­ fense of the area has been steadily rolled appreciation for Dr. Jenkins' contributions to operates with peace efforts, the EC will im­ back. "I am shocked that the world and Eu­ Floyd County, and I would like to share it with pose trade sanctions and call upon the U.N. rope have permitted this kind of crime and my distinguished colleagues at this time: Security Council to also impose restrictive aggression against this city of great impor­ measures on Serbia. Most importantly, the EC tance," said Poljanic. "We will never surren­ THANK You' DR. JENKINS der." Dr. J. Terry Jenkins gets an "A" on his re­ may recognize the republics of Yugoslavia that Dubrovnik has been declared a world cul­ port card. In every subject. cooperate with its plans. tural landmark by the United Nations, and It is difficult to contemplate losing as good While the world continues to be shocked by the army offensive that has brought troops a student of education as the Floyd County the bloodshed, another war is being waged within a mile of its battlements and blasted School System superintendent has turned against Croatia-the destruction of its herit­ holes in its monuments has drawn con­ out to be. He is, at the close of the calendar age. Since June, the Serbian-backed army demnation from the international commu­ year, moving on to an opportunity he could has destroyed hundreds of Croatian villages nity but little practical relief. not resist. He is going back home, to Troup and towns and, along with them, many ancient For their part, army commanders say they County, to lead its schools. have issued firm orders that the old city is Much as his departure is to be lamented by churches and historic sites. Just last week, not to be fired on, and they maintain they the many friends and supporters he has units of the Yugoslav National Army shelled are pressing the Dubrovnik campaign be­ made, Jenkins is to be wished nothing but Dubrovnik, an ancient city on the Adriatic cause Croatian militiamen use the city as a the best in this move. His decision, as he coast dating back to medieval times. Already base for attacks on army positions. One sen­ said, is based largely on personal and not many architectural treasures have been dam­ ior Yugoslav military officer suggested last professional reasons. aged. week that the damage done to historic build­ Troup County's gain is definitely Floyd Years ago, Dubrovnik was declared a world ings in Dubrovnik was not the result of army County's loss. In his five years here, Jenkins cultural landmark by the United Nations. Its ir­ shelling, but of sabotage by defending Cro­ has turned a troubled school system around. atians seeking to gain foreign sympathy for The squabbling, distrust and allegations of replaceable churches and buildings showcase their cause. wrongdoing are gone. There are new facili­ Byzantine, Gothic, and Renaissance architec­ Apparently, only about 500 lightly armed ties everywhere, and more under construc­ ture. Each year, the lovely city draws thou­ Croatian militiamen remain in the city, but tion. The caliber of the staff and its morale sands of tourists who bolster the economic they say they will ignore an army ulti­ have been elevated. strength of the Croatian coast. matum to surrender their weapons and will Best of all, both parents and students now Dubrovnik is one of only a few regions of defend the city to the last man. have confidence in the quality of education Croatia that is purely Croatian. Over 60,000 Most of the thousands of civilians trapped in the city express similar defiance, even being provided. Taxpayers have become con­ people have been trapped in the city for over vinced that they are getting the maximum though many have been reduced to one meal bang for the buck. a month and are living in terrible conditions a day and have not been able to bathe for a The shoes that Jenkins will be leaving be­ without water, electricity, and telephone lines. month. Food and drinking water reach hind are going to be hard to fill. The Floyd Many fled there after their nearby villages Dubrovnik on the few ferries allowed County Board of Education has named As- were destroyed. Although the international through the naval blockade, but health October 29, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28997 workers here say it is barely enough to avert across the country, to read this article and Even when young leadership talent is iden­ starvation. take it to heart. tified, the system conspires to push that tal­ City hospital director Zoran Cikatic [From the Washington Times, Oct. 29, 1991) ent toward specialized careers that drain off warned that an epidemic could spread potential leaders into highly compensated through the weakened population. "The situ­ LEADERSHIP AND THE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE roles. ation is critical for refugees ... without (By William Bryan Martin) Unlike yesteryear, most young people water," he said. Local Red Cross officials es­ Presidential rhetoric fills the air on our today do not come to our colleges and uni­ timate that 15,000 refugees from nation's colleges and universities: "The stu­ versities leadership-friendly. They need more neighbouring towns and villages overrun by dents being educated here in Great State than ever the nurturing, personal, the army have sought refuge in Dubrovnik. University are those leaders who tomorrow participatory, values focus atmosphere of Cikatic said 21 civilians and at least that will make the world happier, better and the liberal arts college. many militiamen have been killed in the more free." Unfortunately, just the opposite is happen­ fighting since the army began its advance on Such sentiments surely soothe alumni anx­ ing. Today most students attend national re­ Dubrovnik October 1. More than 1,000 people iety about the state of leadership in America search universities, large state universities have died so far in the four-month-old Yugo­ and may even cause donors to open pocket­ and community colleges ill-suited for leader­ slav civil war, which broke out when Croatia books. ship education and development. and Slovenia declared their independence But does the rhetoric reflect reality? Are Critics speak of large bureaucratized insti­ from the six-republic Yugoslav federation. American colleges and universities meeting tutions composed of Balkanized principal­ A cease-fire has been in effect in the the challenge of motivating and preparing ities of professors committed to research Dubrovnik area since Saturday, but that has tomorrow's leaders? publication, a subject matter specialty and a not prevented the army from tightening its Higher education clearly did meet the professional guild rather than to students grip around the city, a masterpiece of 13th­ challenge back in America's early past of and the mission of the university. Knowledge century urban planning whose double-walled small cities, farms and small colleges. That itself becomes Balkanized, students special­ fortifications hug the rim of a rocky prom­ was the heyday of small, church-related lib­ ize, young teaching assistants serve as the ontory that juts into the Adriatic at the tip eral arts colleges where professors actually real role models and mentors and large class­ of southeastern Croatia. Today, army troops taught and students actually participated es are tested by multiple choice, true/false seized the suburban town of Zarkovica on a actively in their own education, both in and and fill-in-the-blank. hill overlooking the city and hoisted the red­ out of the classroom. Religion and ethics The appearance given by these large insti­ starred Yugoslav flag in clear view of the be­ were respectable subjects for study; indeed, tutions of an abundance of participatory op­ sieged Croats below. students ranged over the whole field of portunities for students is illusory. In re­ Despite continuing peace talks, few here human endeavor from the natural and social ality, few participate, namely those willing believe they will bring swift salvation for sciences through the humanities on to the to specialize and perform as a semi-profes­ their city. "I don't believe in those cease­ arts. sional for an adoring public. Far too often fires," said one woman who refused to give It was axiomatic that healthy bodies and the rest are regularly relegated to the side­ her name. "Every time there is an agree­ strong characters were every bit as impor­ lines, along with the audience. ment, the army comes and shoots.... They tant as rich minds. In such soil, leadership sprouted and bloomed. Sadly, there even has been a shrinking of want to use the city as blackmail, despite the university's mission. Rather than the the outrage of the world." The colleges in those days had considerable help. Students came to college leadership­ time-tested ideal of a healthy mind and spir­ Said another woman on her way to bathe it in a healthy body, modern universities in the Adriatic surf: "I don't know how we'll friendly, full of self-esteem and values passed on by their families and primed by the lead­ strive to shape, and sharpen the intellect. To survive the winter.... Life has stopped for contribute to such a mission sounds good, us in Dubrovnik." ership lessons they had absorbed by osmosis from the adults in their small communities. and is effective in producing bureaucrats, an­ Even the teachers in those proverbial one­ alysts, professionals and widgets. room schoolhouses helped pave the way by But if it's leaders we need and want, such LEADERSIDP AND THE LIBERAL a missional definition is based on the decep­ ARTS COLLEGE stressing the basic and being supportive. How times have changed! America has tively faulty promise that such necessary, gone "modern," most colleges have gone qualities as strength, stamina, empathy, in­ HON. DAN BURTON "university," and leadership education and tuition and insight, perspective and perse­ development are in trouble. verance, creativity, commitment, couragJ:}, OF INDIANA ambition and aspiration are byproducts of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There's no one smoking gun, just a series of factors. The family, for one, has been intellect. Tuesday, October 29, 1991 weakened by poverty, divorce, single Next time you hear a college president~ bragging about leadership education, check Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, today parenting and working parents. And the big­ ness, specialization, speed and complexity of it out. If the rhetoric matches the lives of I would like to enter into the CONGRESSIONAL modern life assures that the adult role mod­ the institution's graduates, chances are t he RECORD an interesting article written by Wil­ els of today's youth are usually video, audio president heads a small liberal arts college .. liam Bryan Martin which appeared in the and digital blips. As in the past, that's where the action.i,s.in• Washington Times on October 29, 1991. Mr. Add to that the baffling failure of our ele­ leadership education. And the need is more Martin is the president of Franklin College in mentary and secondary schools to transmit acute than ever. If leadership potential is to Franklin, IN. basic knowledge and essential skills, includ­ be saved, awakened and nurtured, then in­ This article addresses very eloquently the ing those subjects so important to character creasing numbers of contemporary students: need to be educated in the pel"sona.l, challenges facing America's colleges and uni­ formation-religion and ethics. Then there's the general decline of the participatory, values-focused atmosphere versities heading into the 21st century, particu­ work ethic, the relatively poor physical con­ characteristic of America's small liberal arts larly the challenge of developing future lead­ dition of our youth and the disturbing rates college. ers. I strongly urge all of my colleagues, as of crime, clinical depression, suicide, AIDS Nothing less than the future depends on it. well as college educators and administrators and substance abuse. And that's no rhetoric.