DOCSLIB.ORG

UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Citizens' evaluation of the president and democratic transition : determinants and effects of presidential approval in Mexico Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cq2d3ks Author Gomez Vilchis, Ricardo Roman Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Citizens’ Evaluation of the President and Democratic Transition: Determinants and Effects of Presidential Approval in Mexico A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Ricardo Roman Gomez Vilchis Committee in charge: Professor Samuel H. Kernell, Chair Professor Wayne A. Cornelius Professor Thaddeus B. Kousser Professor David R. Mares Professor Carlos H. Waisman Professor Christopher M. Woodruff 2010 Copyright Ricardo Roman Gomez Vilchis, 2010 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Ricardo Roman Gomez Vilchis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATIO To my family: my mother, Irene Vilchis; my sister, Carmelita; my three nieces, Camelis, Marisol, Karina; my nephew, David; Martita, the family’s nanny; and the memories of my late father Ricardo Gómez Robledo, and my late grand mother, Carmen Témbul, who made it all possible. To the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) for teaching me to develop critical thinking, a feeling of dissatisfaction for injustice, and a rebellious spirit. iv EPIGRAPH I prefer to die standing than to live kneeling. Ernesto Che Guevara When the richness of some people is extreme, it is the reason for the poverty of many. Ricardo R. Gómez Vilchis v TABLE OF COTETS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………iii Dedication………………………………………………………………………...iv Epigraph……………………………………………………………...……………v Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………..vi List of Figures…………………………………………………………………...viii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………...x Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………xii Vita…………………………………………………………………………….xviii Abstract of the Dissertation……………………………………………..………xix Introduction.....................................................................................................…....1 Works Cited ……………………………………………………………...….11 1. Presidential Approval at the Individual Level in Mexico………………..…..13 1.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………….…....13 1.2. The Literature Review…………………………………………………..18 1.3. The Context……………………………………………………………..24 1.4. Hypotheses……………………………………………………….……...37 1.5. Data and Method………………………………………………….……..39 1.6. Results……………………………………………………………….…..43 1.7. Conclusions………………………………………………………….…..72 1.8. Appendix 1……………………………………………………….……..74 1.9. Works Cited…………………………………………………….……….77 1.10. Web Sites………………………………………………………....……84 2. State-Level Presidential Approval in Mexico……………….………….……85 2.1. Introduction………………………………………………………….….85 2.2. The New Political Geography of State Politics in Mexico…….…….….88 2.3. Socioeconomic Conditions across the States of Mexico………………100 2.4. The Variation of Presidential Approval across the States……………..106 vi 2.5. Hypotheses……………………………………………………………..113 2.6. Data and Method……………………………………………………….115 2.7. Results……………………………………………...…………………..125 2.8. Conclusion……………………………………………...……………...136 2.9. Appendix 2.1 ……………………………………………………......…137 2.10. Appendix 2.2…………………………………………………....….…145 2.11. Works Cited……………………………………………………….….153 2.12. Web Sites……………………………………………………….…….155 3. Presidential Approval in Mexico: Multi-Level Analysis…….......................156 3.1. Introduction…………………………………………………………….156 3.2. Findings and Limitations of the Time-Series Analysis………...……....159 3.3. The Literature Review and Rationale………………………………….163 3.4. Hypotheses………………………………………………………….….174 3.5. Data and Method…………………………………………………….…175 3.6. Results……………………………………………………………….…183 3.7. Conclusion………………………….………………..…….…………..204 3.8. Appendix 3……………………………………………………………..207 3.9. Works Cited……………………………………………………………211 3.10. Web Sites …………………………………………………………….212 4. Presidential Approval and Roll Call Voting in Mexico…………………….213 4.1. Introduction………………………………………………………..…...213 4.2. The Review of the Literature…………………………………………..219 4.3. The Executive-Legislative Relationships in Mexico………………......228 4.4. Hypotheses……………………………………………………………..233 4.5 Data and Method………………………………………………………..235 4.6 Results…………………………………………………………………..241 4.7. Conclusion………………………………...…………………………...255 4.8. Works Cited …………………………………………………………...258 4.9. Web Sites ………………………………………………………...……261 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...262 Works Cited……………………………………………….……………….271 vii LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 1: Figure 1.1: The Advancement of the Opposition in the Chamber of Deputies….27 Figure 1.2: Leading Obstacles to Achieving Democracy in Mexico (1998)…….29 Figure 1.3: Perceptions of the Main Task of Democracy in Mexico (1998)…….30 Figure 1.4: Reported Local-Jurisdiction Crime for Mexico, 1991-2001 (per 100,000 Inhabitants) …………………………………………………………….30 Figure 1.5: Presidential Election Results in 1994 and in 2000…………………..32 Figure 1.6: Why Mexican Voters Cast Their Ballots for President in 200 when Changes was the Main Reason to Vote ………………………………………….35 Figure 1.7: Changing Visions of Democracy in the 2000 Presidential Election...36 Figure 1.8: Levels of Trust in the Mexican Presidents during Their First Year of Tenure……………………………………………………………………………37 Chapter 2: Figure 2.1: Political Parties across the States of Mexico 1994-2006……………89 Figure 2.2: State Governments of Mexico Controlled by the Three Main Political Parties: PAN, PRD, and PRI (2006)………………………………………..……91 Figure 2.3: Citizens’ Perceptions of the Political Actors’ Responsibility for the Economic Crisis……………………………………………………………….…99 Figure 2.4: Level of Unemployment across the States of Mexico in 2005…..…101 Figure 2.5: Variation of Unemployment in Four States of Mexico 1994-2005...101 Figure 2.6: Level of Inflation in Mexico across the States in 2005…………....102 Figure 2.7: Variations of Perceptions of Crime as the Main Concern for Mexican from 1995 to 2006…………………………………………………………..…..103 viii Figure 2.8: Convicted Criminals by State in Mexico (2005 )……………….….104 Figure 2.9: Variations of Crime in Four States of Mexico 1994-2005…………105 Figure 2.10: Presidential Approval by State in Mexico 2005…………………..106 Figure 2.11: Presidential Approval (2005) by Party Lenses (States Governed by PAN, PRD and PRI) …………………………………………………………...112 Chapter 3: Figure 3.1: Changing Visions of Democracy in 2000………………………….170 Figure 3.2: Citizens’ Trust in Three Mexican Presidents after Their First Year of Tenure………………………………………………………………………..…171 Figure 3.3: Convicted Criminals by State in Mexico (2005)……………….…..172 Figure 3.4: Complaints against the Civil Service by State in Mexico (2005).…173 Chapter 4: Figure 4.1: Presidential Approval in Mexico before and after the 2000 Democratic Transition……………………………………………………………………….225 Figure 4.2: Presidential Approval vs. Presidential Success in the House before and after the 2000 Democratic Transition…………………………………………..226 Figure 4.3: Composition in the Chamber of Deputies by Partisanship…………227 ix LIST OF TABLES Chapter 1: Table 1.1: Determinants of Presidential Approval before and after the Transition in Mexico (1994-2006)………………………………………………………..…44 Table 1.2: Determinants of Presidential Approval, Pre-Democratic Era and Democratic Period, Compared…………………………………………….……..51 Table 1.3: Changes in Probabilities of the Determinants of Presidential Approval in Mexico…………………………………………………………………...……57 Table 1.4: Effects of Perceptions of Crime, Corruption, Inflation, and Unemployment on Presidential Approval in Mexico (1994-2006), Using the 2000 Election Presidential Election as a Breaking Point, Logit Models………..…..…61 Table 1.5: Effects of Perceptions of Crime, Corruption, Inflation, and Unemployment on Presidential Approval in Mexico (1994-2006), Using the 1997 Intermediate Election as a Breaking Point, Logit Models……………………….65 Table 1.6: Effects of Perceptions of Crime, Corruption, Inflation, and Unemployment on Presidential Approval in Mexico (1994-2006), Using the 2003 Intermediate Election as a Breaking Point, Logit Models…………………….…69 Chapter 2: Table 2.1: Percentage of Presidential Approval across the States 2005………..109 Table 2.2: Explaining State-Level Presidential Approval in Mexico: Variables……………………………………………………………………..…121 Table 2.3: Effects of People’s Perceptions of Crime, Unemployment, and Inflation across the States and Sub-National Conditions on State-Level Presidential Approval (1994-2005) Time-Series-Cross-Sectional Models.……130 Table 2.4: Interactive-Test Model…………….…………………………..…….133 Table 2.5: Comparing the Distribution of the Population of Mexico (01-05) with the Distribution of the Surveys during the Post-PRI Era (01-05)………………137 Table 2.6: Effects of Perceptions Aggregated at the State level and Sub-National Conditions on State-Level Presidential Approval (1994-2005), Including x Perceptions of Corruption and Complaints against Member of the Civil Service ………………………………………………………………………………….145 Table 2.7: Effects of Changes in Perceptions Aggregated at the State Level, and Changes in Sub-National Conditions on State-Level Presidential Approval (1994- 2005), Time-Series-Cross-Sectional Models……...……………………………149 Chapter 3: Table 3.1: Explaining Presidential Approval (Multi-Level): Variables…..……179
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Baja California Peninsula, a Significant Source of Dust in Northwest Mexico
    atmosphere Article The Baja California Peninsula, a Significant Source of Dust in Northwest Mexico Enrique Morales-Acuña 1 , Carlos R. Torres 2,* , Francisco Delgadillo-Hinojosa 3 , Jean R. Linero-Cueto 4, Eduardo Santamaría-del-Ángel 5 and Rubén Castro 6 1 Postgrado en Oceanografía Costera, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 3917, Baja California, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Centro Nacional de Datos Oceanográficos, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 3917, Baja California, Mexico 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 3917, Baja California, Mexico; [email protected] 4 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No. 22-08, Santa Marta, Magdalena 470004, Colombia; [email protected] 5 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 3917, Baja California, Mexico; [email protected] (E.S.-d.-Á.); [email protected] (R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 August 2019; Accepted: 17 September 2019; Published: 26 September 2019 Abstract: Despite their impacts on ecosystems, climate, and human health, atmospheric emissions of mineral dust from deserts have been scarcely studied. This work estimated dust emission flux (E) between 1979 and 2014 from two desert regions in the Baja California Peninsula (BCP) using a modified dust parameterization scheme. Subsequently, we evaluated the processes controlling the variability of E at intra- and interannual scales. During the period 1979–2014 peak E were generally recorded in summer (San Felipe) and spring (Vizcaino), and the lowest emissions occurred in autumn (San Felipe) and winter (Vizcaíno).
    [Show full text]
  • Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on EU-Mexico Relations
    11.4.2006 EN Official Journal of the European Union C 88/85 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on EU-Mexico relations (2006/C 88/17) On 1 July 2004, the European Economic and Social Committee decided to draw up an opinion, under Rule 29(2) of its Rules of Procedure, on EU-Mexico relations. The Section for External Relations, which was responsible for preparing the Committee's work on the subject, adopted its opinion on 26 January 2006. The rapporteur was Mr Rodríguez García-Caro. At its 424th plenary session held on 14 and 15 February 2006 (meeting of 15 February 2006), the Euro- pean Economic and Social Committee adopted the following opinion by 107 votes to four with six absten- tions. 1. Introduction tative bodies; it should also enable civil society to participate effectively in the institutional framework of the Agreement, by means of a consultative body acting either via mandatory 1.1 The aim of this opinion is to analyse the development consultations on matters relating to the Agreement or through of relations between the European Union (EU) and Mexico own-initiative proposals. The EESC considers that this partici- since December 1995, when the EESC adopted its first opinion pation should be implemented by creating a Joint Consultative on the issue (1), and to propose areas for discussion in order to Committee, within the framework of the Agreement. develop and strengthen these relations, as regards both the future of EU-Mexico relations and the involvement of civil society in both regions. 1.2 Considerable progress has been made in EU-Mexico rela- tions, resulting in the EU-Mexico Economic Partnership, Poli- 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Issues on the Arizona/Mexico Border
    WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA WATER ISSUES ON THE ARIZONA – MEXICO BORDER The Santa Cruz, San Pedro and Colorado Rivers An Issue Paper by Terry W. Sprouse [email protected] A portion of the funding for this research was provided by a grant from the Fulbright-García Robles Program. February 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................... iv ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 UPPER SANTA CRUZ RIVER .......................................................................................4 Water Quality.....................................................................................................................4 Water Quantity ..................................................................................................................7 Environmental Implications .............................................................................................7 Recent Actions....................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico's Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States
    Order Code RL33244 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States January 18, 2006 K. Larry Storrs Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States Summary This report provides information on the importance of Mexico to U.S. interests and catalogues the many ways Mexico and the United States interact. The report is a snapshot of the bilateral relationship at the beginning of 2006. It will not be updated on a regular basis. Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive interconnections through the Gulf of Mexico, the United States and Mexico are so intricately linked together in an enormous multiplicity of ways that President George W. Bush and other U.S. officials have stated that no country is more important to the United States than Mexico. At the same time, Mexican President Vicente Fox (2000-2006), the first president to be elected from an opposition party in 71 years, has sought to strengthen the relationship with the United States through what some have called a “grand bargain.” Under this proposed bargain, the United States would regularize the status of undocumented Mexican workers in the United States and economically assist the less developed partner in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), while Mexico would be more cooperative in efforts to control the illegal traffic of drugs, people, and goods into the United States. The southern neighbor is linked with the United States through trade and investment, migration and tourism, environment and health concerns, and family and cultural relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Culture of Democracy in Mexico and in the Americas, 2016/17: a Comparative Study of Democracy and Governance
    7 7 7 The AmericasBarometer is a regional survey carried out by the Latin American Public Opin- ion Project (LAPOP). LAPOP has deep roots in the Latin America and Caribbean region, via 2016/1 , 2016/1 s public opinion research that dates back over four decades. Its headquarters are at Vander- , 2016/1 The AmericasBarometer is a regional survey carried out by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). bilt University, in the United States. The AmericasBarometer is possible due to the activities LAPOP has deep roots in the Latin America and Caribbean region, via public opinion research that dates back as and support of a consortium of institutions located across the Americas. To carry out each ca over four decades. Its headquarters are at Vanderbilt University, in the United States. The AmericasBarometer ri round of the survey, LAPOP partners with local individuals, firms, universities, development ic organizations,is possible and due others to the in ac 34tiviti countrieses and supp in ortthe of Western a consortium Hemisphere. of institu Thesetions l oceffortsated ac haveross the Americas. To three core purposes: to produce objective, non-partisan, and scientifically sound studies of public opinion; to build capacity and strengthen international relations; and to disseminate me THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF important findings regarding citizens’ experiences with, assessments of, and commitment to A Amer democratic forms of government. e DEMOCRACY IN MEXICO assessments of, and commitment to democratic forms of government. h Since 2004, the AmericasBarometer has received generous support from the United States he Agency for International Development (USAID) and Vanderbilt University.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Used Vehicle Imports Impact on New Vehicle Sales: the Mexican Case
    Análisis Económico ISSN: 0185-3937 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco México Chu, Ted; Delgado, Alejandro Used Vehicle Imports Impact on New Vehicle Sales: The Mexican Case Análisis Económico, vol. XXIV, núm. 55, 2009, pp. 347-364 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=41311453016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Used Vehicle Imports Impact on New Vehicle Sales:... 347 Análisis Económico Núm. 55, vol. XXIV Primer cuatrimestre de 2009 Used Vehicle Imports Impact on New Vehicle Sales: The Mexican Case (Recibido: octubre/08–aprobado: diciembre/08) Ted Chu* Alejandro Delgado** Abstrac This paper analyzes the potential impact of used vehicle trade liberalization on Mexico’s new vehicle market with the full implementation of the NAFTA agreement. Although the legal envi- ronment has been unfavorable toward the importation of used vehicles into Mexico, used vehicles primarily from the U.S. have entered the market as gray or illegal goods. In recent years Mexico may have already become a dumping ground for U.S. used vehicles. Beginning in 2009, Mexico is set to progressively open the market for used vehicle imports according to NAFTA regulations, fully liberalizing it by 2019. To quantify the potential impact of legal used vehicle imports, this paper develops a new analytical model. Given the lack of historical data, the methodology combines econometric estimation with a comparative analysis using the Polish used vehicle case as foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico's National Human Rights Commission
    February 2008 Volume 20, No. 1(B) Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission A Critical Assessment I - Summary and Recommendations ...................................................................................................1 Remedies ....................................................................................................................................3 Reform ........................................................................................................................................4 Publicity ......................................................................................................................................4 Collaboration...............................................................................................................................5 Accountability .............................................................................................................................5 Recommendations...................................................................................................................... 6 To the CNDH......................................................................................................................... 6 To the Senate Human Rights Commission............................................................................. 8 II - Background ................................................................................................................................10 The CNDH’s Origins....................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Vigilante Mobilization and Local Order: Evidence from Mexico
    Vigilante Mobilization and Local Order: Evidence from Mexico Javier Osorio (John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY) Livia I. Schubiger (London School of Economics) Michael Weintraub (Binghamton University, SUNY)∗ January 30, 2016 Abstract Why do some communities engage in armed mobilization in response to dis- order and insecurity, while others do not? Can these communities improve local order in the absence of a strong and impartial state? We study the sources of self-defense mobilization (autodefensas) in Mexico and how these groups affect contemporary levels of crime. We argue that historical experi- ences of armed mobilization can have long-lasting effects on local preferences and institutions, which can facilitate armed collective action and the provi- sion of local order in contexts of rampant insecurity. Our empirical approach traces the sources of recent self-defense groups to the early twentieth cen- tury Cristero rebellion and, using an instrumental variables approach, we show that contemporary community mobilization has succeeded in reducing a broad range of crimes. Word count: 11,840 Key words: order, vigilantes, crime, Mexico ∗The authors thank Dave Clark, Anjali Dayal, Jennifer Raymond Dresden, Aila Matanock, Brian Phillips, Daniela Rea Gómez, Paul Zachary, and participants at the Peace Science Society 2015 Annual Meeting and the Binghamton University World Politics workshop for helpful suggestions. We also thank Miguel Cuadros, Christine Sylvester, and Christian Mueller for excellent research assistance. All errors that remain are our own. 1. Introduction Why do some communities engage in armed mobilization in response to dis- order, insecurity, and repression, while others do not? Many communities face repressive local political orders across a wide variety of contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Report Final Version Correct Formatting
    WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY IN MEXICO WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR SAFETY AND JUSTICE 2 Violence in the family in Mexico CONTENTS A note on terminology................................................................................................ 3 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 3 1/Introduction.............................................................................................................. 5 2/Legal framework ........................................................................................................ 8 State responsibility.................................................................................................... 8 Due diligence ........................................................................................................... 8 A federal country with international obligations .......................................................... 10 Legislation and other measures................................................................................. 10 2006 Special federal commission............................................................................. 11 2007 General Law on Women’s Access to a Life Free from Violence ............................. 12 3/The scale of the problem .......................................................................................... 14 4/Obstacles to safety and justice.................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy in Mexico
    Sergio Romero-Hernández Omar Romero-Hernández Duncan Wood Editors Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Sergio Romero-Hernández Omar Romero-Hernández Duncan Wood Editors August 2013 First Edition (In Spanish): April 2011 © 2010, all rights reserved to the authors This publication was made possible through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the generous support of the American people under terms of Contract EEM- I-00-07-00004-00. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Abt Associates, Inc. Moliere 13, Floor 2 Col. Polanco Chapultepec, 11560 Mexico, DF http://www.procomex.org http://www.abtassoc.com Mexico Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 http://www.wilsoncenter.org Translation by Franklin Dumser. Editorial coordination and design: e:de, business by design This publication was made possible through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the generous support of the American people. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Govern- ment. Special thanks to Tim Kessler and Jonathan Pinzon of the USAID Mexico Competitiveness Program. The authors thank the support of the Asociación Mexicana de Cultura AC and Instituto Tecnologico Autónomo de Mexico (ITAM) for all the facilities provided for the realization of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Mexico
    UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Mexico Mario Gomez (Mexican) Newspaper journalist Killed on 21 September 2018 in Mexico UNESCO Statement Javier Rodriguez Valladares (Mexican) Television reporter Killed on 29 August 2018 in Mexico UNESCO Statement Ruben Pat Cahuich (Mexican) Director of the online magazine Playa News Aqui y Ahora Killed on 24 July 2018 UNESCO Statement Luis Perez Garcia (Mexican) Director of the magazine Encuesta de Hoy Killed on 9 July 2018 UNESCO Statement José Guadalupe Chan Dzib (Mexico) Reporter for Playa News Aquí and Ahora digital weekly Killed on 29 June 2018 in Mexico UNESCO Statement Hector Gonzalez Antonio (Mexico) Journalist for Excelsior and Imagen Killed on 29 May 2018 [UNESCO Statement] Alice Diaz Gonzalez (Mexico) Financial reporter for El Financiero Killed on 24 May 2018 [UNESCO Statement] Juan Carlos Huerta Martinez (Mexico) Television and radio journalist Killed on 15 May 2018 [UNESCO Statement] 1 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Mexico Leobardo Vazquez (Mexico) Reporter Killed on 21 March 2018 [UNESCO Statement] Pamela (Pamika) Montenegro (Mexico) Journalist, YouTube satirist Killed on 5 February 2018 [UNESCO Statement] Carlos Dominguez Rodriguez (Mexico) Journalist Killed on 13 January 2018 [UNESCO Statement] [Response of Member State 2018] [Response of Member State 2017] Gumaro Pérez Aguilando (Mexican) Journalist Killed on 19 December 2017 [UNESCO Statement] Edgar Daniel Esqueda Castro (Mexican) Free lance journalist Killed on 5
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty Research Working Papers Series
    Faculty Research Working Papers Series Poverty and Place in North America Mary Jo Bane and Rene Zenteno April 2005 RWP05-035 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Poverty and Place in North America Overview By Mary Jo Bane Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and Rene Zenteno Escuela de Graduados en Administración Pública y Política Pública Tecnológico de Monterrey Conference on Poverty and Poverty Reduction Monterrey Mexico January 20-21, 2005 This paper provides an overview of poverty in North America. In it we look at the three countries of North America—Mexico, the US, and to a lesser extent Canada— and attempt to both describe poverty as it exists in the three countries and explore some of the correlates of poverty. In doing so, we attempt to bring together the concepts and approaches used mostly in studying poverty in developing countries and those used in developed countries. We propose some definitions of poverty that we believe can be usefully applied across very different countries. We explore some correlates of poverty in the three countries, and both the similarities and the differences in the correlates of poverty across the three. We take note of the policy issues that are raised by these relationships. As might be expected, we raise more questions that we answer, about both our approach and our findings.
    [Show full text]