Batu Cave Sebagai Destinasi Utama Berlatar Religi Di Malaysia

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Batu Cave Sebagai Destinasi Utama Berlatar Religi Di Malaysia Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta BATU CAVE SEBAGAI DESTINASI UTAMA BERLATAR RELIGI DI MALAYSIA Oktavia Prahesti 15.1852 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta ABSTRACT :Malaysia is a country in Asia which borders with Indonesia and it’s one of the developing countries in the tourism sector. The success of Malaysia tourism can be seen in one of Batu Cave. Batu Caves is a an iconic and popular tourist attraction in Selangor, Malaysia. Batu Cave is Site of a Hindu temple and shrine, Batu Caves attracts thousands of worshippers and tourists, especially during the annual Hindu festival, Thaipusam. Keyword : Malaysia; Batu Cave; Hindu Temple; Tourist Attraction. 1. PENDAHULUAN Berwisata sekarang ini merupakan kegiatan yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat umum. Padatnya aktivitas sehari-hari dan keterbatasan waktu menjadikan berwisata merupakan suatu kebutuhan untuk mengisi waktu kosong dan menghibur diri. Apalagi jika berwisata menjadi suatu kewajiban bagi mahasiswa pariwisata tentu saja dapat menambah semangat dan pengetahuan bagi mahasiswa. Foreign Case Study merupakan salah satu kegiatan penerapan ilmu pariwisata yang wajib dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarukmo (STIPRAM) Yogyakarta khususnya pada jenjang S1 maupun transfer sebagai salah satu persyaratan standart kualifikasi kelulusan. Dalam kegiatan ini, mahasiswa diharuskan melakukan kunjungan ke luar negeri untuk melakukan penelitian dari segi cultural, heritage, lifestyle dan behavior dari negara yang dikunjungi baik secara khusus maupun keadaan negara secara umum. Kemudian hasil dari kunjungan tersebut dibuat dalam bentuk jurnal ilmiah Foreign Case Study. Penulis melaksanakan kegiatan Foreign Case Study yaitu pada tanggal 21 September 2015 di 3 negara Asia Tenggara. Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand selama seminggu penuh [1]. Foreign Case Study merupakan program wajib dari kampus. Dalam jurnal foreign Case Study ini, penulis akan membahas tentang keindahan dari destinasi Batu Cave yang ada di Selangor, Malaysia. Sebelum membahas tentang destinasi wisata Batu Cave, penulis akan terlebih dahulu membahas tentang Selangor, Malaysia. Selangor merupakan salah satu dari tiga belas negeri yang membentuk Malaysia. Letaknya berada di pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia dengan luas sekitar 125.000 Km persegi. Berjarak 40 km saja dari Kuala Lumpur, Selangor menawarkan banyak tempat menarik untuk wisatawan. Ada beberapa tempat wisata yang bisa di kunjungi di Selangor, antara lain adalah Batu Caves, Taman Rekreasi Sunway Lagoon, Pulau Carey dan Sunway Piramid. Selain Selangor, ada Kuala Lumpur sebagai ibu kota dan sebagai kota raya. Kota raya lain adalah Penang. Kedudukan Selat Melaka menjadi penting, karena merupakan jalan lalu lintas laut dari negara-negara barat ke timur, di samping adanya Singapura sebagai pelabuhan penting di Asia Tenggara. Bandar udara internasional di Malaysia terdapat di Kuala Lumpur dan Penang, sedangkan pelabuhan laut yang terbesar di Kelang. Kawasan pariwisata yang terkenal terdapat di Langkawi yaitu pulau mini yang bergunung-gunung serta pantainya sangat indah. Objek wisata yang terkenal di Malaysia antara lain: Museum Nasional Kukit Nanas, Cameron, Highland di Pahang, Genting Highland, Taman Negara, Temple Park, dan Taman Nasional Kinibalu. Kota-kota pelabuhan di Malaysia yaitu Kuala Lumpur (Ibu Kota Federasi Malaysia), Kucing (Ibu Kota Negara bagian Serawak), Teluk Anson, Penang, Kinibalu, Swettenham dan Weld. 2. PEMBAHASAN Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan disebutkan bahwa pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah [2]. Pariwisata adalah keseluruhan kegiatan pemerintah, dunia usaha dan masyarakat untuk mengatur, mengurus dan melayani kebutuhan wisatawan [3]. Pariwisata merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok di dalam wilayah negara lain. Kegiatan tersebut menggunakan kemudahan, jasa dan faktor penunjang lainnya yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dan atau masyarakat, agar dapat mewujudkan keinginan wisatawan [4]. Pariwisata merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia terutama menyangkut kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi [5]. Diawali dari kegiatan yang semula hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir orang-orang yang relatif kaya pada awal abad ke-20, kini telah menjadi bagian dari hak azasi manusia. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya di negara maju tetapi mulai dirasakan pula di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dalam tahap pembangunannya, berusaha membangun industri pariwisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang berimbang. Melalui industri ini diharapkan pemasukan devisa dapat bertambah [6]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya [7]. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [8]. Besarnya kegiatan pariwisata, terutama tingkat internasional, ditambah dengan situasi di mana batas antar negara semakin hilang, telah menjadikan pariwisata sebagai suatu kegiatan penting yang turut mempengaruhi hubungan internasional [9]. Banyak negara di dunia sekarang ini yang menganggap pariwisata sebagai sebuah aspek penting dari strategi pengembangan negara. Berikut merupakan pengertian pariwisata menurut beberapa ahli : 1. Pariwisata berasal dari bahasa sansekerta “pari” yang berarti banyak atau berkeliling dan “wisata” yang berarti pergi atau bepergian. Jadi pariwisata adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan secara berulang – ulang dan berpindah – pindah. 2. Gejala – gejala yang disebabkan oleh perjalanan dan pendiaman orang – orang asing serta penyediaan tempat tinggal sementara, asalkan pendiaman itu tidak tinggal menetap dan tidak memperoleh penghasilan dari aktifitas yang bersifat sementara itu. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan [10]. Malaysia adalah sebuah negara federasi yang terdiri dari tiga belas negara bagian dan tiga wilayah persekutuan di Asia Tenggara dengan luas 329.847 km persegi. Negeri Jiran ini merupakn negara yang serumpun dengan Indonesia dan sebelum dikenal sebagai Malaysia, Malaysia sering disebut sebagai Langkasuka. Langkasuka adalah nama kerajaan yang terdapat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Nama “Malaysia” diadopsi pada 1963 ketika Federasi Malaya bertambah Singapura, Sabah dan Serawak membentuk federasi bernama Malaysia. Tetapi nama itu sendiri pernah membingungkan ketika dipakai untuk merujuk wilayah-wilayah di Asia Tenggara. Sebuah peta yang diterbitkan pada 1914 di Chicago menampilkan nama Malaysia pada wilayah tertentu di Nusantara. Politikus di Filipina pernah menghendaki penamaan negara mereka sebagai “Malaysia”, tetapi Malaysia-lah yang pertama mengadopsi nama itu pada 1963 sebelum Filipina bertindak lebih jauh tentang masalah itu. Ibukotanya adalah Kuala Lumpur, sedangkan Putrajaya menjadi pusat pemerintahan persekutuan. Negara ini dipisahkan ke dalam dua kawasan — Malaysia Barat dan Malaysia Timur. Malaysia adalah negara berpenduduk terbanyak ke-43 dan negara dengan daratan terluas ke-66 di dunia, dengan jumlah penduduk kira-kira 27 juta dan luas wilayah melebihi 320.000 km2. Melayu merupakan kaum terbesar dengan membentuk 54% populasi di Malaysia. Kaum Melayu mempunyai pengaruh yang penting dalam arena politik di Malaysia. Cina pula mewakili 25% daripada penduduk Malaysia dan tinggal di bandar-bandar besar di pantai barat semenanjung. Kebanyakan kaum Cina beragama Buddha, Taoisme atau Kristian, berbahasa Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Kantonis atau Teochew dan lebih dominan dalam bidang ekonomi. India pula membentuk 7.5% daripada populasi. Kebanyakannya beragama Hindu, bertutur Tamil, Malayalam, dan Hindi. Selain itu, terdapat juga kaum Sikh, Serani atau Eurasian dan kaum bumiputera lain. Bahasa Melayu ialah bahasa rasmi Malaysia, tetapi Bahasa Inggeris digunakan secara meluas. Penduduk Malaysia terdiri dari berbagai kelompok suku, dengan Suku Melayu sejumlah 50,4% menjadi ras terbesar dan bumiputra/suku asli (aborigin) di Sabah dan Sarawak sejumlah 11% keseluruhan penduduk. 23,7% penduduk adalah Tionghoa-Malaysia, sedangkan India-Malaysia sebanyak 7,1% penduduk. Sebagian besar komunitas India adalah Tamil (85%), tetapi berbagai kelompok lainnya juga ada, termasuk Malayalam, Punjab, dan Gujarat. Sebagian lagi penduduk Malaysia berdarah campuran Timur Tengah, Thailand, dan Indonesia. Keturunan Eropa dan Eurasia termasuk Britania yang menetap di Malaysia sejak zaman kolonial, dan komunitas Kristang yang kuat di Melaka. Sejumlah kecil orang Khmer dan Vietnam menetap di Malaysia sebagai pengungsi Perang Vietnam. Malaysia adalah masyarakat multi-agama dan Islam adalah agama resminya. Menurut gambaran Sensus Penduduk dan Perumahan 2000, hampir 60,4 persen penduduk memeluk agama Islam; 19,2 persen Buddha; 9,1 persen Kristen; 6,3 persen Hindu; dan 2,6 persen Agama Tionghoa tradisional. Sisanya dianggap memeluk agama lain, misalnya Animisme, Agama rakyat, Sikh, dan keyakinan lain; sedangkan 1,1% dilaporkan tidak beragama atau tidak memberikan informasi. Pariwisata Gunung; Gunung Kinabalu, Gunung Ledang, Johor. Sungai; Air terjun Kota Tinggi, Johor. Jeram Toi, Negeri Sembilan. Pantai; Pantai
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