Expanded Version of Collective Memory Processes
This paper is an expanded version of the chapter: Marques, J. , Páez, D. & Serra, A. (1997). Collective Memory Processes Associated with Traumatic War Experiences: Social Sharing, Emotional Climate and the Trangenerational Transmission of Information in the Case of the Portuguese Colonial War En J. Pennebaker, D. Páez & B. Rimé (Eds.)Collective Memory of Political Events. Hillsdale, Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-2182-1 LC Collective Memory Processes Associated with Traumatic War Experiences: Social Sharing, Emotional Climate and the Trangenerational Transmission of Information in the Case of the Portuguese Colonial War Jose Marques, Darío Páez & Alexandra F. Serra Psychological Effects of Traumatic Events Epidemiological research has shown that between 25% and 40% of people who were either victims or initiators of massacres, combats, or wars, as well as those who were victims of other forms of extreme violence, endure symptomatic states amongst which Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). This percentage increases to 60% in rape victims (Janoff-Bulman, 1992; Davidson & Foa, 1991; Echeburúa, 1992; Modell & Haggerty, 1991). The more these traumatic events display characteristics of collective violence and repression, and the more intense they are, the more they tend to generate psychological disorders (Davidson & Foa, 1991; Janoff-Bulman, 1992). The psychological concomitants of traumatic events comprise several dimensions: psychophysiological hyperreactivity (Davidson & Foa, 1991; Janoff-Bulman, 1992), intrusive thoughts and memories (Horowitz, 1986; Steinglass & Gerrity, 1990), cognitive and behavioral avoidance symptoms, as well as problems to seize, grasp and express inner emotions and to establish intimate relationships (Davidson & Baum, 1986). In addition, traumatic events drastically alter the view of oneself, of the world and of other people (Janoff-Bulman, 1992), resulting in a lack of the positive cognitive biases that characterize normal situations and positive mood (Taylor & Brown, 1988; Janoff-Bulman, 1992).
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