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Département Des Forêts Organisation Des Nations Unies Pour L’Alimentation Et L’Agriculture Département des forêts Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture Note Thématique sur les Ressources Génétiques Forestières Situation des ressources génétiques forestières de la République démocratique du Congo Par Sébastien Malele Mbala Août 2003 Division des ressources forestières Document de travail FGR/56F Département des forêts FAO, Rome, Italie Avertissement Les Notes thématiques sur les ressources génétiques forestières rendent compte des développements en matière de conservation, d’utilisation et de gestion durable de la diversité génétique des arbres forestiers. L’objectif de ces documents est de fournir des informations actualisées sur les activités et les programmes en cours à l’échelle mondiale, et de stimuler les discussions et les études complémentaires. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’engagent que la responsabilité de ses auteurs et n’impliquent de la part de la FAO aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Les informations qualitatives et quantitatives concernant les ressources forestières et leur utilisation ont été fournies sur la base des méthodes de recensement statistiques choisies par l’auteur, et les comparaisons ne sont pas forcément possibles avec d’autres pays ou territoires. Pour des données compatibles entre pays et territoires, se reporter à La situation des forêts du monde 2003 , FAO, 2003. Le site Internet de la FAO (http://www.fao.org ) peut aussi être consulté pour toute information officielle. Ce document sera disponible sur le site Internet de la FAO consacré aux ressources génétiques forestières (http://www.fao.org/forestry/fgr . Les commentaires sur ce document sont les bienvenus. Pour plus d’informations, prière de contacter: Pierre Sigaud, Forestier (Ressources génétiques forestières) Division des ressources forestières Département des forêts FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italie Fax: + 39 06 570 55 137 Email: [email protected] Pour citation: Malele Mbala, S. 2003. Situation des ressources génétiques forestières de la République démocratique du Congo . Note thématique sur les ressources génétiques forestières. Document de travail FGR/56F. Département des forêts, Division des ressources forestières. FAO, Rome ( non publié ). TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1 2. CONTEXTE ECOLOGIQUE, SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE ET PROBLEMES LIES AUX RESSOURCES GENETIQUES FORESTIERES ......................................................... 1 2.1. CARACTERISTIQUES ECOLOGIQUES ................................................................................. 1 2.1.1. Situation géographique...................................................................................... 1 2.1.2. Relief.................................................................................................................. 1 2.1.3. Climat ................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.4. Sols..................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.5. Hydrographie..................................................................................................... 2 2.1.6. Végétation.......................................................................................................... 2 2.2. CARACTERISTIQUES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES ...................................................................... 3 2.2.1. Démographie ..................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2. Agriculture......................................................................................................... 4 2.2.3. Elevage .............................................................................................................. 4 2.2.4. Secteur de la pêche ............................................................................................ 5 2.2.5. Secteur forestier................................................................................................. 5 2.2.5.1. Bois d’œuvre et d’industrie ..................................................................... 5 2.2.5.2. Energie- bois............................................................................................ 5 2.2.5.3. Produits forestiers non ligneux................................................................ 6 2.3. MENACES QUI PESENT SUR LES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES FORESTIERES ......................... 6 3. ACTIVITES PASSEES ET PRESENTES EN MATIERE DE CONSERVATION, D’UTILISATION ET D’AMENAGEMENT DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES FORESTIERES.......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. BESOIN ET PRODUCTION DE SEMENCES POUR LES PROGRAMMES DE REBOISEMENT ......... 7 3.2. CONSERVATION IN SITU ................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1. Parcs nationaux................................................................................................. 8 3.2.2. Réserves et domaines de chasse ........................................................................ 8 3.2.3. Réserves de biosphère........................................................................................ 9 3.2.4. Réserves forestières ........................................................................................... 9 3.3. CONSERVATION EX SITU ................................................................................................... 9 3.4. AMELIORATION GENETIQUE (ESSAIS DE PROVENANCE , DESCENDANCES , VERGERS A GRAINES )................................................................................................................................ 10 4. CADRE POLITIQUE, LEGISLATIF ET INSTITUTIONNEL ....................................... 11 4.1. INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 11 4.2. LEGISLATION EN MATIERE DE RESSOURCES GENETIQUES FORESTIERES ........................... 11 4.2.1. Politique en matière de ressources génétiques forestières................................ 12 4.2.2. Stratégie nationale pour les ressources génétiques forestières......................... 12 4.2.2.1. Actions spécifiques au secteur forestier .................................................. 13 4.2.2.1. Actions spécifiques au secteur des aires protégées ................................. 14 4.2.3. Liens avec d’autres initiatives ........................................................................... 14 5. IDENTIFICATION DES PRIORITES NATIONALES .................................................... 15 5.1. LISTE DES ESPECES FORESTIERES CONSIDEREES COMME IMPORTANTES........................... 15 5.2. LISTE DES ESPECES D ’ARBRES ET D ’ARBUSTES MERITANT DES ACTIONS PRIORITAIRES ... 20 6. COLLABORATION REGIONALE ET INTERNATIONALE ........................................ 20 6.1. COOPERATION REGIONALE ET INTERNATIONALE EXISTANTE ........................................... 20 6.2. PROPOSITION DE COOPERATION REGIONALE ET INTERNATIONALE ................................... 20 7. ACTIVITES ASSOCIEES ET DE SOUTIEN..................................................................... 21 7.1. FORMATION ..................................................................................................................... 21 7.2. RECHERCHE ..................................................................................................................... 21 7.3. INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 22 7.4. SENSIBILISATION ............................................................................................................. 22 8. CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 22 9. RECOMMANDATIONS....................................................................................................... 23 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES................................................................................. 24 ANNEXES................................................................................................................................... 26 Annexe 1: liste des abréviations et acronymes................................................................. 27 Annexe 2: liste des essences de bois d’œuvre et d’industrie couramment exploitées...... 29 Annexe 3: liste des espèces végétales proposées dans l’annexes I et II de la CITES ...... 30 Annexe 4: liste des espèces végétales inscrites aux annexe III de la CITES ................... 31 Annexe 5: quantités de menus produits forestiers exportés de 1991 à 2000 (en tonnes). 32 Annexe 6: valeur et utilisation des espèces considérées comme importantes.................. 33 Annexe 7: gestion et localisation des ressources génétiques par espèce et par population......................................................................................................................... 35 Annexe 8: importance des risques pesant sur les espèces ou les populations.................. 37 Annexe 9: liste des espèces méritant des actions prioritaires
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