Comprehensive Economic

Developm ent Strategy

2020 -2022

Jim Kinnick, P.E., Executive Director www.eastgatecog.org

Title VI/Non-Discrimination Policy It is Eastgate’s policy that all recipients of federal funds that pass through this agency ensure that they are in full compliance with Title VI and all related regulations and directives in all programs and activities.

No person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin, sex, age, disability, low-income status, or limited English proficiency be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination under any of Eastgate’s programs, policies, or activities.

This report was financed by the Economic Development Administration’s Partnership Planning Grant and Eastgate Regional Council of Governments.

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Serving Northeast Ohio since 1973 The Eastgate Regional Council of Governments is a multipurpose Regional Council of Governments for Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties, as established by Section 167.01 of the Ohio Revised Code. Eastgate is the agency designated or recognized to

perform the following functions:

• Serve as the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) in Mahoning and Trumbull counties, with responsibility for the comprehensive,

coordinated, and continuous planning for highways, public transit, and other transportation modes, as defined in Fixing America’s Surface

Transportation Act (FAST Act) legislation.

• Perform continuous water quality planning functions in cooperation with the Ohio and U.S. EPA.

• Provide planning to meet air quality requirements under FAST Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.

• Administration of the Economic Development District Program of the Economic Development Administration (EDA).

• Administration of the Local Development District of the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC).

• Administration of the State Capital Improvement Program for the District 6 Public Works Integrating Committee.

• Administer the area clearinghouse function, which includes providing local government with the opportunity to review a wide variety of

local or state applications for federal funds.

• Administration of the Clean Ohio Conservation Funds.

• Administration of the regional Rideshare Program for Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties.

• With General Policy Board direction, provide planning assistance to local governments that comprise the Eastgate planning area.

General Policy Board (2020)

Vice Chairman- J.P. Ducro, IV, Ashtabula County Commissioner

Chairman- Julie Green, Trumbull County

Mayor Eric Augustein, Village of Beloit Mayor Nick Phillips, City of Campbell

Mayor Ruth Bennett, Village of Orangeville Gery Noirot, Ohio Department of Transportation, District 4

Mayor Jamael Brown, City of Youngstown Genevieve Germaniuk, Citizens Advisory Board Representative

Mauro R. Cantalamessa, Trumbull County Commissioner Daniel Polivka, Trumbull County Commissioner

David Ditzler, Mahoning County Commissioner Kurt Princic, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Northeast District

Mayor Richard Duffett, City of Canfield Mayor Glen M. Puckett, Village of McDonald

Pat Ginnetti, Mahoning County Engineer Carol Rimedio-Righetti, Mahoning County Commissioner

Mayor William D. Franklin, City of Warren Mike Salamone, Trumbull County Transit

Frank Fuda, Trumbull County Commissioner Randy Samulka, Citizens Advisory Board Representative

Fred Hanley, Hubbard Township Trustee Mayor Tim Sicafuse, Village of Poland

Mayor James Harp, Village of Sebring Randy Smith, Trumbull County Engineer

Dean Harris, Western Reserve Transit Authority Mayor Dave Spencer, Village of Craig Beach

Mayor Arno Hill, Village of Lordstown Mayor Catherine Cercone Miller, City of Struthers

Mayor James Iudiciani, Village of Lowellville Zachary Svette, Trumbull County Metro Parks

Mayor Herman C. Frank II, Village of Washingtonville Jim Timonere, Ashtabula County

May or John A. Jurko, Village of Yankee Lake Anthony Traficanti, Mahoning County Commissioner

Mayor Harry Kale, Village of New Middletown Mayor Kenneth Kline, City of Newton Falls

Casey Kozlowski, Ashtabula County Commissioner Kathryn Whittington, Ashtabula County Commissioner

Mayor Shirley McIntosh, Village of West Farmington Mark Winchell, Ashtabula County

Mayor James Melfi, City of Girard Joanne Wollet, Poland Township Trustee

Mayor Steve Mientkiewicz, City of Niles Mayor Deidre Petrosky, City of Cortland

John Moliterno, Western Reserve Port Authority Aaron Young, Mill Creek Metro Parks

Citizens Advisory Board (2020) Technical Advisory Committee (2020)

Chairman- Gary Shaffer Vice Chairman- Kristen Olmi Chairman- Kevin Kern Vice Chairman- Gerald Hurayt

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Executive Summary

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AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES

The Eastgate Regional Council of Governments is under the general direction of the executive director, Jim Kinnick, P.E. who reports to the Eastgate General Policy Board. The major operating divisions within the agency are transportation planning, transit planning, environmental planning, and economic development planning. The Economic Development Planner’s responsibilities are to work with economic development professionals within the region to plan and implement new economic initiatives and to update the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS). This is a continuous process of developing and refining goals, objectives, and strategies, as well as seeking out projects which will further the Economic Development Administration’s (EDA) overall investment priorities.

This CEDS document is made readily available to the public and regional stakeholders. It is available on Eastgate’s website and a hard copy will be made available upon request. A draft of the CEDS was made available for public comment 30 days before submission to the EDA for final review.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT

The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Economic Development Administration (EDA) created 320 Economic Development Districts (EDDs) around the country, of which the Eastgate Region is one. The EDD’s play a key role in local economic development by allowing the region to establish priorities for projects and investments, helping the EDA to more effectively invest federal dollars.

In August of 1992, the Eastgate Region, comprised of Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull Counties, was designated as an Economic Development District by the EDA. To remain qualified as an Economic Development District, Eastgate must adopt a comprehensive economic development strategy (CEDS). The plan is designed to foster regional cooperation through the identification of mutually shared needs, the establishment of goals and objectives, and the assignment of action items to expand the economic base and improve the quality of life in the region. This is accomplished through long-range planning to ensure that public investment projects will, to the maximum extent possible, stimulate the creation and retention of jobs in the region.

The CEDS is a legal requirement of the EDA that officially designates the Eastgate Region as eligible for EDA funding of public works and development projects for a three-year period. The EDA’s goals include promoting collaborative regional innovation, supporting public/private partnerships, investing in national strategic priorities including advanced manufacturing, autonomous and information technology, achieving global competitiveness, investing in environmentally sustainable development, and serving economically distressed and underserved communities.

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

The CEDS Advisory Council (CAC) was formed specifically for the CEDS planning and update process. This broad-based committee comes from across the three-county region and represents the government, nonprofit corporations, higher education, philanthropy, and the private sector. The CAC has been actively involved in all aspects of the planning process, including visioning, issues, goals and objectives, strategies, and the identification of priority projects. The CAC is led by a steering committee that plays a strategic role in representing the vision and purpose of the council. The four- member steering committee ensures that the CAC functions properly, that there is full participation at meetings, all relevant matters are discussed, and that effective decisions are made and carried out.

CEDS Advisory Council Name (Last,First) Representing Organization Boyarko, Sarah Business Development Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber Cene, Bert Workforce Development Mahoning County * Coggins, Nic Public Sector Trumbull County Planning Commission Daly, Art Higher Education Eastern Gateway Community College DeAscentis, Anna Public Sector Mahoning County Frank, Melissa Investor-Owned Utility First Energy Green, Julie Public Sector Trumbull County Planning Commission Harrell, Shari Philanthropy Community Foundation Herrmann, Jeff Local Media The Business Journal Homick, Paul Community Health/Vitality Mercy Health Hripko, Mike Growth Sector Youngstown State University Keys, Mike Public Sector City of Warren Kogelnik, Chris Private Sector Ct Consultants Loney, Marty Skilled Labor Trades Local 396 Lown, Sarah Public Sector Western Reserve Port Authority * Lowry, Sarah Philanthropy Community Foundation * Marchionda, Dominic Growth Sector Youngstown State University Miller, Teresa Certified Development Corporation MVEDC Morrison, Hunter Public Sector City of Youngstown Mosure, Jeanne Private Sector ms consultants Myers, Greg Growth Sector Ashtabula County * Ragozine, Mark Public Sector Eastgate Regional Council of Governments Rhoades, Troy Investor-Owned Utility First Energy Roller, Jennifer Philanthropy Wean Foundation Stockburger, Rick Business Incubation Brite Energy Innovators Timonere, James Public Sector City of Ashtabula Travena, Anthony Public Sector Western Reserve Port Authority Turner, William Workforce Development Trumbull County Wagner, Christina Public Sector Ohio Department of Transportation Williams, Carmella Business Incubation Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI) Winchell, Mark Public Sector Ashtabula County Port Authority Woodberry, T. Sharon Public Sector City of Youngstown * Denotes Steering Committee Membership

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Introduction

Located in the uppermost corner of Northeast Ohio bordering Pennsylvania, the Eastgate region contains three diverse counties that have varying characteristics and economic bases. Formed out of the Connecticut Western Reserve, the region is part of and interacts with several metropolitan areas including Cleveland and Akron in Ohio, as well as Pittsburgh and Erie in Pennsylvania.

Ashtabula County borders Lake Erie with a vast shoreline that has defined the county as a port for commerce and as a vacation destination. Ashtabula County is Ohio’s largest viticulture district and excels at cultivating other industries including the manufacturing of composites, chemicals, and allied products. According to StatsAmerica, a service of the Indiana Business Research Center and supported by the U.S. Economic Development Administration, the largest employment sector in the county is Manufacturing (23.9%), followed by Health Care and Social Assistance (18.9%), Retail Trade (10.9%), and Accommodation and Food Services (10.2%).1

Trumbull County sits in the middle of the region, its northern portion largely rural, while the southern half contains most of the county’s population. The economic base is closely tied to the urbanized area. Trumbull County was once a hub for automotive production, being the home of the GM Lordstown Assembly Plant and its suppliers. However, beginning in 2017, with the loss of the third shift, and then subsequent loss of the second shift, GM decided to shutter operations at the assembly plant altogether in the spring of 2019. In the fall of 2019, the former GM plant was sold to the newly formed Lordstown Motors Corp., which has the full intention of producing electric pickup trucks by late 2020. Though the group does not initially plan to employ more than 400 workers, once the plant is in full swing, projections for employment go as far as 5000.2 Also, in December of 2019, GM, along with LG Chem, a South Korean based company, announced plans to build a $2.3 billion battery cell assembly plant in Lordstown.3 Groundbreaking on this facility will take place in 2020, and GM projects hiring roughly 1,100 employees. Trumbull County exhibits a strong presence of

1 “USA Counties in Profile.” StatsAmerica. Indiana Business Research Center/ Economic Development Administration. Accessed November 26, 2019. http://statsamerica.org/. 2 Nelson, George. “Lordstown Motors to Begin Retooling Plant as It Seeks $300M in Financing.” Business Journal Daily, November 21, 2019. https://businessjournaldaily.com/lordstown-motors-attracted-by-workforce-as- much-as-plant/. 3 Wood, Andrea. “Where Will $2.3B Battery Plant Be Built in Lordstown?” Business Journal Daily, December 5, 2019. https://businessjournaldaily.com/where-will-2-3b-battery-plant-be-built-in-lordstown/. 8

other industries related to its industrial past in steel production, including metalworking. Roughly 15.2% of the labor force is employed in Manufacturing, Health Care and Social Assistance employment is on the rise (15.8%), while Retail Trade employment has also climbed (15.3%).

Mahoning County contains the governmental, educational, cultural, and employment center of Youngstown. The county has a diverse economic base from its history as a steel and manufacturing hotspot and continues to benefit from its strategic logistical location. In 2018, 21% of the labor force was employed in Health Care and Social Assistance, 12.4% in Retail Trade, 9.4% in Manufacturing, with Accommodation and Food Services employment on the rise.

Mahoning County is the most populous county in the region with an estimated 229,642 people in 2018, compared to 198,627 in Trumbull and 97,493 in Ashtabula according to StatsAmerica. Population dynamics can produce positive or negative influences on the economic base of a local community. An increasing population becomes an expanding market for local businesses, while a declining population shrinks the local economy. Fewer goods and services are sold, job reduction takes place, and tax revenues decline for schools, safety forces, and other public services and capital investments. In short, population growth or decline is extremely influential on the overall health of the region’s economy.

The Eastgate region benefits from many strengths, including its strategic and highly connected location midway between Chicago and New York, reasonable cost of business and living, abundant water and land supply, and rich history of being manufacturing innovators in autonomous technology, plastics, rubber, chemicals, metals, and machinery. According to StatsAmerica, there are over 7.8 million people within a one-hundred-mile radius of the region. This rich history greatly influences the region’s future, as the human and physical infrastructure of the past shapes the shift from traditional manufacturing to a knowledge-based and service-oriented economy. This shift from the twentieth century to the present has been a challenging but worthwhile endeavor. Like the rest of Northeast Ohio and small and midsized cities in the Midwest, the Eastgate region has had to reinvent itself to become competitive in the global market, while leveraging unique ways to attract and expand upon economic opportunities.

Since 2010, the regional labor force has decreased by 9.7% in Ashtabula, 10.7% in Mahoning, and 17% in Trumbull County respectively. According to StatsAmerica, in 2018, the regional labor force was 235,346 people (44,247 in Ashtabula, 103,437 in Mahoning, 87,662 in Trumbull). The sharp drop in manufacturing jobs has left many workers displaced and forced to search elsewhere for work. The declining population greatly affects the capacity of the labor pool and the ability for businesses to grow.

The region has experienced long-term economic distress, including pockets of high unemployment and low per-capita income compared to state and national levels. According to StatsAmerica, the 24-month Average Unemployment rate for the region, period ending July 2019, was 5.95% compared to the national average of 3.92%. The loss of jobs and population decline has challenged

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communities in the Eastgate region to confront increased need and aging assets with limited resources. Additionally, the increased median age of the population is a concern. In 2013 the median age for the region was 42.5 years old. By 2018, it had risen to 43.7 years old. This shift in age demographics continues to add to the potential workforce participation issues that this region will face over the next decade or longer. The loss of younger generations of the region’s population to other areas of the country presents some serious challenges, and the Eastgate region must work to curtail and mitigate this issue.

The CEDS serves as a long-range economic planning document to assist in this continuing and rapidly changing transition by identifying the region’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). This document provides an overview of the complex factors that affect the social and economic health of the region and guides decision-makers in ensuring the competitiveness of the region.

Competitiveness can be defined in many ways including how the human, capital, and natural resources and how the productiveness and competitiveness of these criteria set a standard of living for the region. In the Eastgate region, private, public, and nonprofit sectors play different but interrelated roles in creating a productive environment for sustainability and growth. Through the CEDS, these stakeholders can collectively advance the agenda of the three defined pillars of regional significance:

Exhibit A: Pillars and Goals of the CEDS

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Vision Statement

The vision of the CEDS defines what stakeholders want the region to aspire towards through collaborative efforts to leverage the region’s strengths while addressing weaknesses.

“The region will achieve community vitality and innovative economic opportunity by transforming and connecting diverse people, places, and possibilities.”

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Goals & Objectives

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Educational Attainment & Talent Development

GOAL: Create and expand opportunities for individuals to learn and advance

Human capital is critical for economic sustainability and growth and its key lies within access to quality education and providing pathways to higher skills. Given the high unemployment and low per capita income rates for citizens of the region, prioritizing human capital is a must for reducing barriers and ensuring participation of all in the economy.1

Human capital is not only a regional but a statewide and national issue as modern advanced industries have been changing faster than the country’s ability to train workers. Therefore, a multipronged approach is necessary that combines the efforts of industry, sector-specific, and regional demand-led initiatives along with a foundational understanding of problem-solving, logical thinking, and creativity. As reported by the Ohio Board of Regents, both highly educated problem solvers and job-creating entrepreneurs are necessary to sustain the competitiveness of the state.2 Additionally, it is necessary to attract and retain talent to compete with nearby metros that may have educational and/or quality of life assets that are more attractive to young professionals and transitional workers.

The region seeks to prepare its citizens for current and future career needs through systems reform and the promotion of coordinated, employer-connected and sector-focused education and training. To deliver this workforce, a drastic scaling-up of hands-on learning and access to emerging technologies is needed. Eastgate benefits from several initiatives to address this issue including the Oh-Penn Interstate Region and its partnership with the Mahoning Valley Manufacturers Coalition that has utilized U.S. Department of Labor Employment & Training dollars for outreach, job training, and the launch of an apprenticeship program. Other efforts around sectors exist and continue to evolve and develop pathways such as the inclusion of additive manufacturing in primary education. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain key areas of study. Educators and their partners must work together to address the regional economy’s needs and prepare a workforce that can compete on a global scale.

Objectives: • Enhanced marketing and promotion of regional career and technical programs/schools.

1 Rodriguez, Jennifer. “Youngstown and Warren Reportedly Hold Highest Unemployment Rates in Ohio.” WKBN.com, November 22, 2019. https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/youngstown-and-warren-reportedly- hold-highest-unemployment-rates-in-ohio/. 2 Ohio Board of Regents. “Inclusive Competitiveness: Empowering Underrepresented Ohioans to Compete in the Innovation Economy.” 2014 13

• Utilize regional organizations to attract and retain residents by connecting to an affordable cost of living. • Identify and target ways to remove barriers for education and employment. • Match education and training with emerging industries that connect the workforce to regional opportunities.

Quality of Life & Community Vitality

GOAL: Ensure all citizens have access to resources to live healthy, prosperous lives

Quality of life and community vitality are increasingly important in a globalized economy of high- tech and decentralized industry, where a worker can connect from anywhere. Rather than moving to a community for a job opportunity, individuals are more likely than ever to choose to live in a community to gain access to certain assets. Due to a shortage of talent, that creates a highly attractive mobile workforce.

Vibrant places, high-quality schools, and recreational options may be more influential than traditional attraction tools of site location and incentives. Corporations and entrepreneurs also choose business locations for incentives, workforce training opportunities, capital improvements, and/or other mechanisms, as well as choosing a community that is a good fit for raising a family.

The Eastgate region faces mixed results on quality of life rankings. According to the Council for Community and Economic Research, Youngstown-Warren is in the top ten for lowest cost of living metros in the United States. 1

Smart Asset named Youngstown one of the top ten places in the United States for affordable healthcare access.2 On the other hand, the Mahoning Valley has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the country and ranked near the bottom in the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index.3 There is assistance on the way for African American infant mortality as the Mahoning County Infant Mortality Prevention Coalition is set to receive nearly $2 million to address this issue in 2020 and 2021.4 The contrasting difference between these rankings further strengthens the need for inclusive economic growth, leadership development, and collective impact adoption.

1 The Business Journal, Youngstown Ohio. “Youngstown-Warren Metro: 9th Lowest Cost of Living.” 2014 2 Smart Asset. “10 Best and Worst Cities for Healthcare Access for Your Money.” 2015 3 The Vindicator. “Infant mortality rates in Ohio, Mahoning Valley among highest in US.” 2015 and “Valley ranks near bottom in American quality-of-life index.” 2014 4 “Mahoning County Infant Mortality Prevention Coalition Receives $1.88 Million to Reduce African American Infant Mortality in 2020 and 2021.” salemnews.net, December 18, 2019. https://www.salemnews.net/news/neighborhood-news/2019/12/mahoning-county-infant-mortality-prevention- coalition-receives-1-88-million-to-reduce-african-american-infant-mortality-in-2020-and-2021/. 14

Objectives: • Coordinate and communicate regional strategic planning activities to ensure efforts are aligned to improve quality of life and access to opportunities for residents in the region. • Identify and promote regional assets and collaborations that enhance connections between people, places, and prosperity. • Develop a multigenerational planning strategy that will allow the region to address the needs of current and future generations.

Economic Competitiveness & Innovation

GOAL: Strengthen existing business and encourage new investment for regional growth

It is of high priority to stress the importance of supporting businesses to expand and maintain taxes and employment of local communities. The Eastgate region has experienced a familiar shift aligning with much of the country, where high-wage, high-skill, unionized jobs struggle to adjust to globalization and other forces that have created a more service-oriented economy with lower-wage jobs that provide limited growth potential for employees. Local companies need to continuously transition practices to remain competitive and open new markets. The region benefits from many partnerships such as the Business Resource Network (BRN) to assist existing and new businesses. The BRN is a partnership representing chambers of commerce, workforce and economic development organizations, universities, colleges, career and technical centers, community organizations, and state and local government agencies that provides a full range of programming services.

Investing in capital allows firms to incorporate new technologies and maintain necessary permanent working capital. Access to capital is critical for the start and growth of businesses but requires the navigation of public grants and loans, traditional lenders, and untraditional sources such as angel networks. The Eastgate region benefits from several organizations and networks that meet the needs of businesses, such as Valley Growth Ventures, LLC., which was created to seed business development in technology and advanced manufacturing sectors. Other initiatives include the existence of several microloan programs, outreach by the U.S. Small Business Administration, and lending services available through the Mahoning Valley Economic Development Corporation (MVEDC).

Next, investment in infrastructure, such as transportation, energy, and telecommunications are essential for competitiveness and an economy can only grow as fast as its systems can move people, goods, and information. Quality infrastructure is also a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining firms. The Eastgate region benefits from lake-to-river connections and a robust interstate system.

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Finally, fostering a supportive environment for investment and innovation is central to having a dynamic and productive economy. This environment creates new firms and introduces new products and processes into the market that are vital for growth. In recent years, driven by a collaborative desire to shed the “rust belt” moniker of the last several decades, the region has begun to rally around its innovative characteristics through the work of organizations such as America Makes, Brite Energy Innovators, and the Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI). The region is quickly emerging as a hub for advanced manufacturing, autonomous vehicle technology, electric battery, and electric vehicle technology.

Objectives: • Identify areas of strategic interest for the economic advancement of the region. • Reduce interregional competition by promoting regional coordination. • Continue to increase support for small business development (Entrepreneurs, Startups) • Promote innovation that is helping to shape the future of the region (Youngstown Business Incubator, BRITE Energy Innovators, America Makes, etc.) • Significant investment into infrastructure to enhance the attractiveness of investments into the region. • Identify major regional employer business plans and strategies to better prepare for changes in the workforce, and to strengthen resiliency.

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Action Plan

The Action Plan identifies strategies to strengthen the Vison of the Eastgate region and assist in implementing the three pillars of:

Educational Attainment & Talent Development

Quality of life & Community Vitality

Economic Competitiveness & Innovation

Given that the pillars of the CEDS are in a continual state of improvement, the strategies of this plan are a combination of attainable recommendations, based upon input and analysis that are not structured by ownership or timeframe. It is the responsibility of the CEDS Advisory Council (CAC), the CAC Steering Committee, Eastgate Economic Development staff, and other regional stakeholders to monitor, adjust, and improve upon these strategies to better meet the performance metrics that are outlined in this comprehensive strategy.

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Educational Attainment & Talent Development

• Enhanced Marketing of Skilled Trade Organizations - Identify the best medium to market - More funding for 1on1 information - Guidance Counselor Training - Position-specific to trades - Foster better relationship with JobsOhio - Identify funding sources to develop a marketing plan - Emphasize certificate-based curriculum • Utilize and advertise Work Advanced Model • Utilize Lynda.com through LinkedIn for job skills training opportunities • Cultivate stronger relationships with middle and senior high schools, as well as incubators and emerging markets - Identify staff members to facilitate (Junior Achievement of the Mahoning Valley) • Partner with respective county tourism bureaus to identify opportunities for enhanced regional branding • Greater inclusion of land bank and neighborhood development groups in the planning process and strategy • Enhanced dialogue of equity & inclusion with schools, employers, trainers, etc. • Develop purposeful employment pipelines to underutilized and underserved populations - Pre-apprenticeship programs - Programs to Qualify and Prepare • Mental Health and Wellness Education - Collaborate with the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation • Establish a re-entry pipeline for the previously convicted population.

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Quality of Life & Community Vitality

• Identify and communicate regional assets and needs - Facilities, Projects, Sites • Annual asset summit to report on status - Spotlights • All year recreation embraces four seasons of activity within the region • Coordinated multimodal transportation strategy • Conservation and Preservation of Environmental Assets • Coordinate and align diverse regional planning efforts - CEDS, Communities of Excellence, Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) - Shared Communication, Progress Reports • Public Participation Plan - Direct engagement with stakeholders such as residents, schools, nonprofits, and direct service organizations • Multigenerational planning strategy - Create aging in place strategy for all ages and abilities • Create a Trend Report for the region - Data and Demographics • Create all-ages engagement - Develop a strategy- For example, the Brain Gain initiative of The Business Journal

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Economic Competitiveness & Innovation

• Develop a Broadband Strategy for the Eastgate region, while identifying potential funding sources - Feasibility studies for implementation when necessary - Identify existing access and infrastructure - Identify current utilities and telecommunications partners • Conduct an overall utilities assessment/inventory for the region • Lake to River Shale Strategy - Downstream manufacturing & services, logistics, and energy storage • Market regional entrepreneurial assets • Embrace and foster the budding culture of innovation in the region • Establish a Center of Excellence for Maintenance, Repair, and Operation at the Youngstown- Warren Regional Airport • Study the economic impact of racial inclusion and equity • Identify, assess, and plan for transportation assets • Identify targeted industries - Clusters and Suppliers

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Eastgate is committed to the three pillars of the CEDS through the following activities:

• Participation in organizations, initiatives, and working groups that address the three pillars.

• Providing technical assistance including planning and original research on the three pillars.

• Monitoring activity on the three pillars and reporting on their progress in the Annual Progress Report.

• The CEDS Advisory Council Steering Committee will design and evaluate performance measures on the three pillars.

• Encourage best practices of the three pillars.

• Conducting long-range economic, environmental, land use, and transportation planning.

• Increased alignment and information sharing with local partners to encourage collaboration.

• Ensure that regional leadership is well informed on issues of regional significance.

• Continue to address duplications of services by looking for ways to leverage partnerships.

• Conduct regular meetings with the CEDS Advisory Council (CAC) and CEDS Steering Committee to monitor the status of initiatives and implementation.

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Opportunities

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Opportunities

Broadband Expansion

Access to high-speed internet is of tremendous importance to the long-term economic viability of the Eastgate region. As technology continues to advance, so does the way in which data is transmitted, and the speed at which that data can reach its end-user. Thus, the need to study and explore the feasibility of installing modern broadband infrastructure is paramount when considering its commercial use to draw in new business investment, while also retaining major employers within the region.

So, what exactly is broadband? Broadband is the transmission of wide bandwidth data over a high- speed internet connection. Currently, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) classifies broadband internet access as at least 25 megabits per second (Mbps) download and 3 Mbps upload speeds.1 It is also important to note, that broadband is delivered through several varying technologies. Much of this has to do with either location, cost of deploying new infrastructure, or the overall need for greater access to high-speed internet. Broadband internet access can be delivered through fiber optics, wireless, cable, digital subscriber line (DSL) and satellite. More recently, in rural areas, some providers have been experimenting with Broadband over Powerline (BPL), which is the delivery of broadband over the existing low-and medium-voltage electric power distribution network. BPL has not been widely accepted to this point, due to varying issues with signal interference, and thus it is available in a limited number of areas across the country. The potential with BPL remains with the fact that it eliminates the need to build new broadband facilities by utilizing existing powerlines.2

In the Eastgate region, significant rural portions of Ashtabula and Trumbull County lack access to even minimal download and upload speeds, barely reaching 10Mbps download and 1Mbps upload. For stakeholders in the region, this is unacceptable, and the unavailability of broadband internet access is surely a detriment to further economic development and investment into the region. The following pages detail internet service speeds and availability for Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties. These maps show coverage at 10Mbps download/1 Mbps upload (far below what the FCC determines as broadband), 25Mbps download/3Mbps upload, 50Mbps download/5Mbps upload, and 100Mbps download/10Mbps upload.

1 “The Ohio Broadband Strategy.” Innovate Ohio. State of Ohio, December 19, 2019. https://innovateohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/innovate/priorities/resources/broadband/strategy. 2 “Types of Broadband Connections.” Federal Communications Commission, June 24, 2014. https://www.fcc.gov/general/types-broadband-connections. 23

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Source: Connected Nation Ohio, Innovate Ohio

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Brownfield Remediation

Like many economic development districts throughout the country, the Eastgate region has a vast array of brownfield sites that have been contaminated by the operations of past industry. This presents many challenges for communities in which they reside due to the adverse environmental impact they have, the blight that is created as a result of abandoned or dilapidated structures, and ultimately, the wasteful spending of tax dollars on sprawl development versus cleaning up and restoring existing former industrial sites. To explain in greater detail what brownfields are, and the economic development benefits that go along with remediation, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) states the following:

A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. It is estimated that there are more than 450,000 brownfields in the U.S. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties increases local tax bases, facilitates job growth, utilizes existing infrastructure, takes development pressures off of undeveloped, open land, and both improves and protects the environment. 1

Understanding the economic challenges faced by many local communities with limited funds to manage contaminated property, the EPA created the Brownfields Program in 1995 to help address this issue by funding environmental assessment, cleanup, and job training activities. Since renamed the Brownfields Utilization, Investment, and Local Development (BUILD) Act, this program offers the following funding opportunities:

• Brownfields Assessment Grants- provide funding for brownfield inventories, planning, environmental assessments, and community outreach. • Brownfields Revolving Loan Fund Grants- provide funding to capitalize loans that are used to clean up brownfield sites. • Brownfields Cleanup Grants- provide funding to carry out cleanup activities at brownfield sites owned by the applicant. • Multipurpose (MP) Grants- provide funding to conduct a range of eligible assessment and cleanup activities at one or more brownfield sites in a target area. • Environmental Workforce Development and Job Training Grants- provide environmental training for residents impacted by brownfield sites in their communities. • Technical Assistance, Training, and Research Grants- provide funding to organizations to conduct research and to provide training and technical assistance to communities to help address their brownfields challenges.

1 “Overview of EPA's Brownfields Program.” EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, October 4, 2019. https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/overview-epas-brownfields-program. 32

Eastgate Region Brownfield Sites

Property Size Property Name Property Address Property City Property Zipcode Property County (In Acres) New York Railroad, Former 66.19 2701 North Bend Road Ashtabula 44004 Ashtabula Plant C 21 2715 Lake Road East Ashtabula 44004 Ashtabula

Advance Technology Corporation 12.91 193 North Cedar Geneva 44041 Ashtabula and Tackle Hill LLC Benson Gas Station 0.56 112 E Main St. Geneva 44041 Ashtabula YBM Property, Former 10.3 1505 Logan Avenue Youngstown 44505-2735 Mahoning YS&T Campbell Works Pickling 8 20 Walton Avenue Campbell 44405 Mahoning Line, Former Aeroquip Property, Former 8.57 1410-1423 Albert St. Youngstown 44505-3222 Mahoning 24 West Boardman Street 0.16 24 West Boardman St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning Royal Sebring Properties 20.7 101 South 15th St. Sebring 44672 Mahoning 17 Phelps Street 0.152 17 South Phelps St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning 20 West Boardman Street 0.15 20 West Boardman St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning Elm Street Campus Mall 0.818 751 Elm Street Youngstown 44502 Mahoning Young Women's Christian 0.3559 25 West Rayen Avenue Youngstown 44503-1024 Mahoning Association (YWCA) Kress Building 0.173 111-121 W. Federal St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning Youngstown Sheet & Tube Office 0.184 2679 W. Federal St. Youngstown 44510-1033 Mahoning Wean United Facility, Former 10.56 219 South Phelps St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning Weatherbee Coat Factory, Former 2 461 E. Federal St. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning YS&T Solid Tube Works, Former 37 Wilson Avenue Campbell 44405 Mahoning Liberty-Paramount Theater 0.2 138 W. Federal St. Youngstown 44501 Mahoning Davidson Metals, Former 8 1630 Wilson Avenue Youngstown 44503 Mahoning YS&T Seamless Tube Mill, Former 71.04 2.293 feet SE of Central St. Youngstown 44506 Mahoning Mighty Moe's/ Rayen Building, Former 0.56 315 Elm St./ 158 W. Rayen Ave. Youngstown 44503 Mahoning Masters Tuxedo 1.51 3600 Market St. Youngstown 44507 Mahoning Gas Station, Former 0.71 2978 McGuffey Youngstown 44505 Mahoning Mahoningside 6.5 650 Summit St. NW Warren 44485 Trumbull McCourt/Shelly and Sands (South) 9.27 1506 South State St. Girard 44420 Trumbull Demsey Steel, Former 14.75 1300 South State St. Youngstown 44420 Trumbull Republic Steel/Current BRT 28 1818 North Main St. Niles 44446 Trumbull Extrusions, Former US Steel, Former 67 100 Ohio Avenue McDonald 44437 Trumbull Former Leatherworks 26.06 1052 N State St. Girard 44420 Trumbull

Source: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Brownfield Inventory Database

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Economic Recovery Coordination

Since the 1960s, the General Motors (GM) Lordstown assembly plant was one of the largest employers and a beacon of the automotive manufacturing prowess of the region. Since 2008, the plant’s final car, the Chevrolet Cruze had been one of GM’s best-selling vehicles for its fuel- efficiency and relatively affordable price. However, as oil prices began to stabilize and fuel- efficiency became more prevalent in crossovers, mid-sized SUVs, and pick-up trucks, sales of the Chevrolet Cruze were no longer what they had been early on. While local union officials and employees of the plant remained hopeful that a new product would eventually be brought in to replace the Cruze, this never materialized. Typically operating under three shifts, in 2017 the third shift was cut, followed by the second shift shortly thereafter. Finally, in the spring of 2019, GM decided that it was in its best interest to cut the final shift and cease operations at the facility altogether.

The impact of the closure of the Lordstown facility was a major blow to the Eastgate region. Not only were thousands of jobs lost as a direct result of the closure, the ancillary effects on cluster industries, including parts suppliers and servicers, would surely cause countless other jobs to be lost. Searching for answers and the best strategy with which to approach this devasting news, Eastgate, along with Cleveland State University (CSU), sought out and was awarded an Economic Development Adjustment Assistance grant from the Economic Development Administration (EDA). 1 The purpose of this grant would be to develop and implement an economic recovery strategy that would serve as a playbook for diversifying the region’s economy away from relying so heavily on the automotive industry. The following are the five main goals: Mitigation of Unemployment Impacts, Strategy Management, Reuse and Redevelopment, Evaluating Workforce and Industry Assets, and Facilitating Business Development.

After a thorough review and selection process to seek out a consultant to assist Eastgate and CSU with Economic Recovery Coordination, Youngstown State University (YSU), along with the Kent State University Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative (CUDC), were selected to lead the charge for resiliency planning and implementation. Coupled with the developing news in the latter half of 2019 that Lordstown Motors Corporation, an electric vehicle startup, would be purchasing the idled facility from GM to produce an electric-powered pick-up truck, the future is seemingly very bright. On top of that, GM, along with LG Chem, has purchased land near their former assembly plant in Lordstown to construct a brand-new facility for the purposes of making electric vehicle batteries. Yes, this has been a whirlwind turnaround and one that stakeholders throughout hope can position the region as a hub for electric battery and electric vehicle production moving forward.

1 “EDA Awards $600,000 to Help Northeast Ohio Recover from Idling of GM Lordstown.” WFMJ.com, June 27, 2019. https://www.wfmj.com/story/40718770/eda-awards-600000-to-help-northeast-ohio-recover-from-idling-of- gm-lordstown. 34

Lordstown Motors Corporation & GM/LG Chem Proposed Site

Source: WKBN FIRST NEWS 27

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Emerging Technologies

To diversify the region’s economy while in turn contributing to its resiliency, developing a broad industry base in emerging technologies such as additive manufacturing and petrochemicals, for example, will give the region a competitive advantage. Signs of this transition are already evident, as the region was able to quickly regain momentum after the closure of the GM Lordstown assembly plant, which just a few short years ago employed nearly 4,000 workers. TJX, the parent company of retailers such as TJ Maxx and HomeGoods, is in the midst of construction and site work for a distribution facility in Lordstown that will employ more than 1,000 workers. This movement highlights the distribution and logistics strength of the region, which is in a prime location for freight and shipping access to a significant portion of the country within a 450-mile radius.

At the same time, Lordstown Motors is retooling the former GM facility to manufacture the Endurance All-Electric Pickup Truck, underscoring the importance of electric vehicle technology, and the tremendous role that it will play in automotive production in the modern economy. Further bolstering the region’s ability to adapt and innovate, LG Chem and GM will be constructing a battery cell assembly plant, also in Lordstown. This venture will offer employment of more than 1,000 workers and solidify the regional supply chain for electric battery and vehicle production. The rapid turnaround in fortune for the region has led business leaders and lawmakers to coin the phrase “Voltage Valley”.1

It has certainly been a swift transformation for a region that was once labeled the “Rust Belt”, supposedly lacking the ability to transition out of the industrial prowess of yesteryear. Perhaps, there is no greater expression of regional innovation than the work being done by organizations such as America Makes, Brite Energy Innovators, and the Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI). Together, these organizations excel in 3-D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Defense Solutions, Energy Technology, Entrepreneurial Support, and Information Technology among others.2 Through innovation and the efforts of our educational institutions in the region such as Eastern Gateway Community College (EGCC) and Youngstown State University (YSU), as well as the workforce development initiatives that are training individuals for the jobs of the future, the Eastgate region has and will continue to better position itself for an economy that is rapidly evolving.3

1 Nelson, George. “Electric Vehicle Incentives Would Spur 'Voltage Valley'.” Business Journal Daily, December 18, 2019. https://businessjournaldaily.com/electric-vehicle-incentives-would-spur-voltage-valley/. 2 “BRITE, Incubator Will Partner with Air Force.” BRITE, incubator will partner with Air Force | News, Sports, Jobs - Tribune Chronicle, March 3, 2020. https://www.tribtoday.com/news/business/2020/03/brite-incubator-will- partner-with-air-force/. 3 “Work to Begin in July on YSU Commercialization Center.” Business Journal Daily, May 15, 2019. https://businessjournaldaily.com/ysu-commercialization-center-work-set-to-start-in-july/. 36

Mahoning River Restoration

The Mahoning River shaped Eastgate’s planning region as we know it today. The river was dammed up in numerous places to provide cooling water for the big steel industries that settled along the riverfront. Regrettably, large amounts of industrial waste were returned to the river as a result of this process. This waste totaled nearly half a million pounds of toxins, including oil, resins, and cyanide each day. From the 1960s to the early 1980s the big steel industry began to close its doors to the Valley, leaving behind memories for its hard workers and a legacy of pollution for the river that sustained them.

Today, Eastgate recognizes the Mahoning river as an asset, not a liability, to our region. The river, per the Ohio EPA’s 2013 biological and chemical survey, is making a comeback both in water quality and fish diversity.1 Eastgate wants to continue the upward progression of the river’s health by working with communities along the river to remove the remaining low head dams and restore the river to its natural, free-flowing state while improving the quality of the water.

In 2020, Eastgate will be seeking the services of a consultant to perform a comprehensive study along the Mahoning River to provide a roadmap that will serve three purposes: spur economic development, provide recreational opportunities, and preserve natural habitats. In the end, a comprehensive plan will improve daily life for residents and visitors in the region. Among other initiatives, this study will also allow the region to better identify its brownfield inventory, map utility access, ascertain broadband potential, investigate rail lines, pursue a potential state park designation, and explore quality of life opportunities along the river.

The following map shows the scope of work for removing the 9 remaining low head dams in the Mahoning River. The lower Mahoning Restoration Project is a priority of Eastgate due to the level of water quality impairments caused by the low head dams and the contaminated sediments that have accumulated behind them. With the bright future that lies ahead for the region, moving on from our past as a steel industry-focused valley, an accessible and viable Mahoning River Valley closely aligns with the many ways in which this region seeks to re-establish itself as a greener, more environmentally friendly community while improving the quality of life for our residents and visitors.

1 “Biological and Water Quality Report for the Lower Mahoning River Watershed.” EPA Ohio. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 2018. https://epa.ohio.gov/Portals/35/tmdl/TSD/Lower Mahoning 2013/LowerMahoning_BWQR_FactSheet_2013.pdf. 37

Mahoning River Illustration

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Opportunity Zones

In further defining the Eastgate region’s future, economic development planning must strongly consider communities that have been greatly affected by a major economic shift, or those that have struggled to regain the economic strength of past generations. Perhaps this region has endured more examples of economic distress than similar regions across the country, thus making the advent of Opportunity Zones in 2017 by the federal government, a momentous occasion that will allow for the marketability and revitalization of communities that have withstood generations of lackluster growth. As an overview of Opportunity Zones and what they represent to the region, the Economic Development Administration (EDA) states the following:

Opportunity Zones, created under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, are a federal economic development tool focused on improving the outcomes of communities across the country, especially in areas that have suffered from disinvestment over many years. Opportunity Zones are designated low-income census tracts where tax incentives are available to groups or individuals who invest in an Opportunity Fund (i.e., an investment vehicle for injecting money in an Opportunity Zone) and hold their capital gains in Opportunity Zone-related assets or property. There are over 8,700 Opportunity Zones (representing 12 percent of all census tracts), with nearly a quarter (just over 23%) in rural areas. By Investing in Opportunity Zones, investors stand to gain a temporary deferral on their capital gains taxes if they hold their investments for at least 5 years, and a permanent exclusion from a tax on capital gains from the Opportunity Zones investments if the investments are held for 10 years. 1

The Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber, in collaboration with Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, the Western Reserve Port Authority, and the Mahoning Valley Economic Development Corporation, created the Mahoning Valley Opportunity Zones Investment Prospectus.2 The prospectus provides a comprehensive guide to each Opportunity Zone location within the Mahoning Valley, assisting potential investors with development resources and services.

For more detailed information, please see the Mahoning Valley Opportunity Zones Map or by clicking on the Investment Prospective interactive link, both located on the following page.

1 “Opportunity Zones.” Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) Content Guidelines: Opportunity Zones | U.S. Economic Development Administration. Accessed January 30, 2020. https://www.eda.gov/ceds/opportunity-zones.htm. 2 “Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber.” Mahoning Valley Opportunity Zones, 2019. https://www.regionalchamber.com/initiativesprograms/opportunityzones. 39

Source: Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber

Source: Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber

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Regional Priorities

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Regional Priorities

Priority List

Eastgate solicited stakeholders representing local governments, county governments, educational services, workforce organizations, social services, economic development organizations, elected officials, philanthropic organizations, and others to seek input on community and economic development initiatives and projects in the region. The feedback received has allowed Eastgate to develop and list a wide variety of initiatives and community needs that pertain to economic development.

The Comprehensive Project List should be utilized across funding mechanisms to indicate the needs and priorities of the region. The list is updated as needed, and Eastgate and its partners are committed to addressing the needs of its member communities.

The CEDS Advisory Council (CAC) carefully reviews each potential project and members provide their opinions as to which initiatives are the best fit for the region. This process involves critical evaluation, as well as debate on regional needs and significance. Five areas gained importance and were identified as the chief priorities for the Eastgate region. They are as follows:

• Infuse revolving loan funds with additional capital to meet the growing demand for financing of businesses and community needs.

• Preserve and modernize critical infrastructure that is near areas of concentrated employment and nodes of innovation.

• Support efforts to determine broadband coverage feasibility, expansion, and implementation opportunities throughout the three-county region.

• Encourage redevelopment in proximity to core infrastructure investments to revitalize and build equity in communities.

• Strengthen human capital, supportive programming, and infrastructure that allows our region to access and be competitive with global markets.

The following highlights a few of the aforementioned priorities for the Eastgate region, including a comprehensive list of projects as decided upon and submitted to Eastgate by various regional stakeholders, and members of the CEDS Advisory Council (CAC).

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Infrastructure

Across the Eastgate region, there is an inherent need to devote more resources to the revitalization of critical infrastructure. This comes in the form of providing safe and reliable transportation, clean drinking water, sufficient energy systems to power businesses and homes, structurally sound hospitals and schools, and a host of other vital systems that uphold the standard of living that residents in the region are accustomed to. There is also the need to make communities in the Eastgate region attractive for new investments and economic opportunities. Thus, investing in infrastructure will entice businesses and individuals alike to either remain in or consider relocating to the region.

The decline in the condition of infrastructure is not merely a regional issue, but a nationwide one. This crisis is undoubtedly placing intense pressure on local and state budgets that are already spread thin. In speaking to the issues that are being faced with infrastructure in the United States, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), in a 2017 report, rated the current state of U.S. infrastructure a near failing grade of D+. 1 For years, the federal government has sought to provide relief to state and local governments as it pertains to infrastructure, but no significant legislation has been able to survive Congress. The current and former administrations have each called for increased federal spending and policy initiatives on infrastructure. Perhaps no headline was more telling than one from the Atlantic entitled, “Obama Calls for Infrastructure Spending for the Fifth Time in Five Years”, where the former President pitched the idea of over $20 billion in federal infrastructure investment, along with the creation of an investment bank, where projects could be considered for federal funding dollars.2 More recently, President Trump has repeatedly mentioned the possibility of significant federal government policy regarding infrastructure. In fact, according to Fact Sheet 2018 Budget: Infrastructure Initiative, “The President has consistently emphasized that the Nation’s infrastructure needs rebuilt and modernized to create jobs, maintain America’s economic competitiveness, and connect communities and people to more opportunities”.3

To be certain, infrastructure plays a role in nearly every facet of the lives of residents in the Eastgate region. Whether utilizing energy grids, transportation grids, public water systems, or other public infrastructure, it is vital to the continuing revitalization of this region’s economy to ensure the integrity and stabilization of these systems. Stakeholder discussion and input are paramount in understanding the immediate and long-term economic impact that greater investment into infrastructure could have on the Eastgate region.

1 “ASCE's 2017 American Infrastructure Report Card: GPA: D.” ASCE's 2017 Infrastructure Report Card, January 30, 2020. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/. 2 Bump, Philip. “Obama Calls for Infrastructure Spending - for the Fifth Time in Five Years.” The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, October 30, 2013. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/03/obama-calls- infrastructure-spending-fifth-time-five-years/316815/. 3 FACT SHEET 2018 BUDGET: INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE. Retrieved February 4, 2020, from www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/budget/fy2018/fact_sheets. 43

Social Equity

Equally as responsible for the economic advancement of the Eastgate region is the process of creating and expanding fair and equitable opportunities for folks of all walks of life to succeed. This begins by identifying and removing the barriers that restrict access to education and employment that will then enable all the region’s residents a pathway towards greater health and prosperity. Notable barriers include a large percentage of the region’s residents that live below what is considered a living wage, significant life expectancy gaps in communities across the region, and poorer access to jobs. Expounding upon the living wage, it is described as the hourly rate that an individual in a household must earn to support his or herself and their family with the assumption that this individual is the sole provider working full-time (2080 hours per year).1 Further details on the following page.

Understanding the issues that impact equity within the region, a focus then needs to be placed on incorporating this mindset into the initiatives and projects that move forward within the region. As we enable residents to access more living wage opportunities and gain access to better education and healthcare, we lift up and advance a significant contingent of our population while making a tremendous impact on the region’s economic advancement and competitiveness. This can be achieved by intertwining the objectives, goals, and pillars of the CEDS into the fabric of creating a fair and equitable region. We can measure this progress by reviewing the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the CEDS, in particular, the livability index which among other things describes a region’s health, opportunity, and engagement.

The impact of allowing inequities in society to continue and sustain undoubtedly affects the region’s residents’ generations down the road. This issue becomes systemic and it erodes the confidence of those who have been at a disadvantage that believe change is on the way, and that there is a reason to be hopeful in greater future economic opportunity. Perhaps, Change Lab Solutions put it best when they stated, “No one should be disadvantaged in achieving their full health potential because of where they live, who they are, or what social position they occupy”.2 This certainly provides context for the way in which a region ought to approach planning, with an eye on those who have been left behind, and ideals that drive home the importance of equity. Thus, incorporating projects into the CEDS that have a profound impact on community and economic development, environment, transportation, and a myriad of other key areas, the region can make great strides towards leveling the playing field by providing fair and equitable opportunity for all residents.

1 “Living Wage Calculator.” Living Wage Calculator - Living Wage Calculation for Youngstown-Warren- Boardman, OH. Accessed February 26, 2020. https://livingwage.mit.edu/metros/49660. 2 “Long-Range Planning for Health, Equity & Prosperity A Primer for Local Governments.” ChangeLabSolutions, 2019. https://www.changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/CLS-BG217- Long_Range_Planning_Primer_FINAL_20200115.pdf. 44

Living Wage

Ashtabula County

1 Adult 2 Adults (1 Working) 2 Adults (Both Working) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children

Living Wage $10.54 $22.56 $27.20 $33.71 $17.14 $21.13 $23.63 $26.78 $8.57 $12.59 $14.90 $17.54

Poverty Wage $6.00 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $14.50 $4.06 $5.13 $6.19 $7.25

Minimum Wage $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55

Mahoning County

1 Adult 2 Adults (1 Working) 2 Adults (Both Working) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children

Living Wage $10.35 $22.49 $27.13 $33.31 $17.26 $21.06 $23.56 $26.38 $8.63 $12.55 $14.87 $17.35

Poverty Wage $6.00 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $14.50 $4.06 $5.13 $6.19 $7.25

Minimum Wage $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55

Trumbull County

1 Adult 2 Adults (1 Working) 2 Adults (Both Working) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children Children Child Children Children

Living Wage $10.35 $22.49 $27.13 $33.31 $17.26 $21.06 $23.56 $26.38 $8.63 $12.55 $14.87 $17.35

Poverty Wage $6.00 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $8.13 $10.25 $12.38 $14.50 $4.06 $5.13 $6.19 $7.25

Minimum Wage $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55 $8.55

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Living Wage Calculator

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Comprehensive Project List

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Revolving Loan Funds

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources

Provide gap financing to Ashtabula/ Appalachian Ohio Appalachian Ohio APEG Mahoning/ $2 million EDA Ongoing CDFI Businesses Trumbull

Infuse RLF with additional Ashtabula Ashtabula County capital to assist Ashtabula $400,000- EDA/USDA County 503 1-3 Years 503 Corporation entrepreneurs with startup County $500,000 /RBE Corporation and expansion capital

Recapitalize RLF to provide Ashtabula RLF assistance to business AC Port Ashtabula $ 1 million EDA/SBA Ongoing Recapitalization segments in Ashtabula Authority County City/Township

Capitalize RLF to provide EDGE Fund- access to working capital Economically and a new source of Mahoning/ Funded Disadvantaged commercial funding in areas MVEDC $ 2 million Ongoing Trumbull EDA Growing impacted by the closure of a Entrepreneurs prominent automotive plant

Establish RLF to provide Lowellville Mahoning Lowellville CIC RLF entrepreneurs with startup $500,000 EDA/SBA 1-2 Years CIC County and expansion capital

Mahoning Valley Increase funding of the RLF Mahoning/ Industrial Loan MVEDC $2 million EDA/SBA Ongoing from a variety of sources Trumbull Fund (RLF) Recapitalize RLF to provide low-interest, long-term, Trumbull County gap financing for industrial Trumbull EDA/SBA/ TCPC $ 1 million Ongoing RLF Recapitalization and manufacturing County HUD businesses in Trumbull County

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Roadway Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources

422 Road Diet: Road Diet south of I-80 City of Trumbull $ 5.8 FHWA/ODOT/ TBD Phase 1 to county line Girard County million OPWC

Corridor City of Mahoning & $20 EDA/ODOT/ Within 10 Belmont Avenue Improvements from Youngstown Trumbull million CDBG/Local Years Youngstown to Liberty & Liberty Counties

Infrastructure City of Mahoning Bob Cene Way TBD CDBG/OPWC 2 Years Improvements Struthers County

Commercial Canfield Mahoning ODOT/ Gibson Rd Development and $6 Million 5+ Years Twp County OPWC/ Local Recreation Construct Bronze Road Warren City Golden Triangle Trumbull $1.1 OPWC/ARC/ Connector for truck & Howland 2-4 Years Bronze Access Road County million EDA traffic Township Golden Triangle Dana Street, Resurfacing and Trumbull OPWC/ARC/ Griswold, & intersection Warren City $733,700 2-4 Years County EDA Northpark improvements Improvements Golden Triangle Phase 1 Improvements Warren Cty / Trumbull CDBG/OPWC/ Infrastructure including Industrial Howland $1 million TBD County ARC/EDA Improvement Plan Access Road Twp Improve Access to Golden Triangle Warren Cty/ Businesses Trumbull $1.5 CDBG/OPWC/ Less than 2 Infrastructure Howland (Larchmont/Bronze/ County million ARC/EDA Years Improvement Plan Twp Overland Golden Triangle Warren Cty/ Trumbull CDBG/OPWC/ Infrastructure Dietz Road Howland $500,000 Ongoing County ARC/EDA Improvement Plan Twp Golden Triangle Pheonix Road & Improve intersection Trumbull Trumbull $203,200 Funded Ongoing North River Road for truck radii County County Improvements Improvements to Federal Aid Route Village of Mahoning Within 3 McGaffney Rd. and $2 million ODOT/OPWC Improvements Lowellville County Years Jackson Street

Federal Aid Route Improvements to River Village of Mahoning Within 5 $2 million ODOT/OPWC Improvements Rd. Lowellville County Years

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Interchange Modification to allow I-680/Shirley Road Mahoning truck access to ODOT $6 million FHWA/ODOT 3-5 Years Improvements County various sites along the Mahoning River Repave and allocate bike lanes. City of Mahoning FHWA/ODOT/ Mahoning Avenue Landscaped median TBD 3-5 Years Youngstown County OPWC with wayfinding improvements Streetscape enhancement for City of Mahoning $1.34 Less than 1 Phelps Street Funded pedestrian-oriented Youngstown County million year corridor Connect the east side of the port facility to US 20 through Port of Conneaut City of Ashtabula USDOT/ODOT construction of two- TBD TBD Connector Conneaut County /ARC/EDA lane roadway capable of handling truck freight loads. Route 7 Bike Lane + Establish complete Rainbow Bridge street improvements City of Ashtabula $1 million ODOT/TAP 2-4 years Pedestrian/Bike for multi-modal Conneaut County Crossing access SR 45/CR 18 Intersection (Mahoning Mahoning Less than 2 enhancements to ODOT $750,000 FHWA/ODOT Avenue) County years improve turning radii Improvements Various corridor improvements to SR 46/ SR 82 improve safety, Trumbull ODOT $10 million FHWA/ODOT 5+ Years Improvements address congestion, County and promote econ dvpt.

Mahoning ODOT/OPWC Within 2 Summit Drive Road Widening Canfield Twp $2 million County /Local Years

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Corridor Improvements from City of EDA/ODOT/ Youngstown through Youngstown Mahoning State Within 10 US 422 $15 million City of Campbell to and City of County Infrastructure Years Coitsville Twp and Campbell Bank, Local State Line Washington Redesign Boardman Mahoning Boulevard Washington to $700,000 OPWC 1-2 Years Township County Reconstruction handle bus traffic

West Main Safety Upgrade safety to City of Mahoning $1.3 million FHWA/OPWC 2-4 Years Upgrade West Main Canfield County

Roadway widening project that includes Western Reserve increased lane Rd. Widening capacity, stormwater Mahoning MC Engineer $5.8 million FHWA/OPWC 2-4 Years (Market to upgrades, small County Hitchcock) bridge replacements, and signal reconstruction Roadway widening that includes increased lane Western Reserve capacity, intersection Mahoning Rd. (I-680 to MC Engineer $12 million FHWA/OPWC 5+ Years improvements, County Market) signal construction and storm water upgrades Re-aligning Westview Westview Blvd to City of Trumbull Less than 2 Boulevard Traffic TBD TBD improve traffic flow Hubbard County years Mitigation and congestion

Widening of a Widening of a Newton Falls Trumbull TBD CDBG 2-4 Years railroad underpass railroad underpass Village County

Complete Street and Eastgate transportation Regional Youngstown infrastructure from Council of Mahoning $26.2 million Funded 2-3 Years SMART2 Network Mercy Health to Governments, County Central Business City of District Youngstown

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Water, Wastewater & Sewer Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Belmont Park 15,000 LF of Sanitary Trumbull Trumbull Sanitary Sewer $3 million Funded Ongoing Sewer County County Improvements 123,350 LF of Water Blueprint to Distribution Lines, 1 Trumbull Trumbull $12.4 Prosperity Waterline Funded Ongoing Above Ground Water County County million Initiative Storage Tank Wastewater ARC/CDBG/ Brookfield WWTP Treatment Facility Trumbull Trumbull $10 million OPWC/ 3+ Years Improvements upgrade and County County ODOD/ OWDA improvements

Critical Infrastructure City of Ashtabula Facility Protection $2.2 million TBD TBD Restoration Conneaut County

Elm Street Water Replacement of water City of Mahoning CDBG/OPWC/ TBD 2-4 Years Line Replacement line Struthers County ODOD/OWDA

WPCLF/ Facility Water and Sewer Village of Trumbull $4 million Capital Within 3 Years Improvements Department Building Lordstown County Budget/Local Upgrade 3 existing water booster Girard Water stations with new City of Trumbull ARC/OPWC/ Less than 2 Booster Stations $250,000 pumping equipment, Girard County ODOD/OWDA years Upgrades electrical and piping upgrades Provide Sanitary sewer and water Improvement # 493 service to the USDA/ARC/ & 494 Southwest Mahoning Mahoning Less than 2 southwestern part of $7.2 million OPWC/CDBG/ Lake Milton-Phases County County years Milton Township on ODOD/OWDA I-IV the west side of Lake Milton Wastewater Mosquito WWTP Treatment Facility Trumbull Trumbull OPWC/ODOD/ $20 million Ongoing Improvement upgrade and County County OWDA improvements Extend sanitary sewer New Springfield OPWC/ARC/ to service areas of Mahoning Mahoning Sanitary Sewer $1.6 million ODOD/OWDA 2-4 Years dense residential County County Project /USDA population growth

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Replacement of Pebble Beach Dr Canfield Mahoning major storm trunk $800,000 OPWC/Local Within 2 Years Storm Sewer Twp County line Extending a new Raw Water waterline from the AC Port Ashtabula OWDA/EDA/ $7 million Ongoing Distribtion 1 southern point Authority County ACPA (ASHTA) to Middle

Expanding capacity in the current system by Raw Water AC Port Ashtabula OWDA/EDA/ adding additional $12 million Ongoing Distribution 2 Authority County ACPA pumps and infrastructure

Sanitary Sewer Sanitary Sewer Extension along E. OPWC/ARC/ Expansion along E. Mahoning Mahoning Western Reserve $1.5 million ODOD/ 2-4 Years Western Reserve County County Road and SR 170 to OWDA Road and SR 170 include Molnar Farms Extend sanitary sewer into portions OPWC/ARC/ Sanitary Sewer Mahoning Less than 5 of Poland Township Lowellville $1 million ODOD/ Extension County years to eliminate Septic OWDA Systems Joint project on Truck World Blvd to replace Sanitary Sewer City of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 5 the existing sanitary TBD Extension Hubbard County OWDA years sewer system and roadway Replacement of Sanitary Sewer remaining portions of City of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 2 TBD Replacement sanitary interceptor Hubbard County OWDA years sewer 4th Street Storm Sewer from Fire Village of Mahoning CDBG/ODOD Storm Sewer TBD 2-4 Years Station to Main Beloit County /OWDA Street Improvements resulting from an Village of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 2 System Upgrade upcoming I/I study on TBD Lordstown County OWDA years the Village's East Side System

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Walton Street CDBG/ Sanitary Sewer City of Mahoning Sanitary Sewer TBD ODOD/ 2-4 Years Extension Struthers County Extension OWDA Implementing Inflow OPWC/ Wastewater System and infiltration Mahoning Less than 1 Lowellville $1 million ODOD/ Improvement improvements to the County year OWDA wastewater system Highland Ave wastewater Wastewater Village of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 2 collection system, $1.2 million Extension Lordstown County OWDA years pump station and forcemain Connect section of Maplewood development in the Wastewater City of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 5 City of Youngstown TBD Extension Hubbard County OWDA years to Hubbard's wastewater collection system Wastewater Phase 2 of planned OPWC/ City of Trumbull Treatment Plant WWTP $1.3 million ODOD/ 2-3 Years Hubbard County Upgrade Improvements OWDA Dewatering, EQ, WPCLF/ WWTP Village of Mahoning Disinfection System $6 million OWDA/ Within 5 Years Improvements Lowellville County Improvements OPWC WWTP Improved Aeration City of Trumbull WPCLF/ Improvements Phase System, Site $3 million Within 5 Years Hubbard County OWDA/Local 3 Improvements OPWC/ WWTP LTCP WWTP LTCP City of Mahoning $150 million ODOD/ 3+ Years Improvements Improvements Youngstown County OWDA North High Street Wastewater wastewater City of Trumbull ODOD/ Less than 1 Collection collection system TBD Warren County OWDA year Improvements and pump station improvements Wastewater WPCLF/ Village of Mahoning Collection System I/I Wastewater $5 million OWDA/ Within 5 Years Lowellville County Improvements OPWC

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources

Wastewater Pump Station #4 Village of Trumbull WPCLF/ $1 million Within 5 Years Improvements Replacement Lordstown County OWDA/ OPWC

Water Distribution Village of Trumbull WRSLA/ to Improve Distrib Water Distrubtion $5 million Within 2 Years Lordstown County OWDA/EDA Capacity

Water Distribution Canfield Twp Water Mahoning EDA/WRSLA/O Within 10 ABC District $25 million System Distribution System County WDA/ARC Years

Replace the 20" diameter water Water Line transmission line that City of Trumbull Less than 1 TBD ODOD/ OWDA Replacement feeds all of Hubbard Hubbard County year from PA state line to the City of Hubbard

Refurbish/reinstate the emergency Water Line City of Trumbull Less than 2 waterline connection TBD ODOD/ OWDA Connection Hubbard County years with the City of Youngstown

Water Storage to Additional 1M Gallon City of Trumbull WRSLA/ $3 million Within 5 Years Improve Cap Water Storage Hubbard County OWDA/EDA

Water Storage to Village of Trumbull WRSLA/ Water Storage $10 million Within 2 Years Improve Cap Lordstown County OWDA/EDA

Replace Deteriorated Sanitary, Road, storm ODOT Small Scheduled for West Main Street infrastructure, City of Ashtabula Cities, WPCLF 2022, 2021 if Sanitary Sewer $6.7 million address I&I and Geneva County (OEPA), funds become Improvement increase sewer ODOT/EDA available capacity for future

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Site Development Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Replace and upgrade Ashtabula Plant C existing raw water ARC/EDA/ AC Port Ashtabula Infrastructure distribution system $9 million ODOD/ Less than 2 years Authority County Upgrade servicing industrial OWDA cluster

Business Park Study the possibility Trumbull ARC/EDA/ MVEDC TBD 2-4 Years Development of developing 60 acres County ODOD

Improve the section of the CASTLO Community Improvement CASTLO Area A Mahoning ARC/EDA/ Corporation's WRPA $1.6 million 1-3 Years Redevelopment County JobsOhio industrial park which fronts the Struthers Central Business District Commerce Park Commerce Park Jackson Mahoning Infrastructure Repair - TBD CDBG 2-4 Years Repair Township County Phase I Commerce Park Commerce Park Jackson Mahoning Infrastructure Repair - TBD CDBG 2-4 Years Repair Township County Phase II Development of key waterfront site that EDA/ARC/ Conneaut Coastal uniquely ties active City of Ashtabula $20 million OPWC/ Ongoing Development port and ecological Conneaut County ODNR areas with lodging & comm. dvpt. Aquire strategic parcel of land for the Golden Triangle purpose of enhancing Infrastructure existing wetlands and Howland Trumbull ARC/EDA/ Improvement Plan; $1.7 million 2-4 Years storm water Township County Clean Ohio Wetland detention to prevent Enhancement Project flooding in industrial area Remediation of a AC Port Industrial Ashtabula $10-15 USEPA/ 1,000 acre industrial Authority/ Ongoing Remediation County million EDA/ACPA site AC Growth

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Aquire strategic parcel Infrastructure of land for the Improvement Plan; purpose of enhancing Howland Trumbull ARC/EDA/ Wetland existing wetlands and $1.7 million 2-4 Years Township County Clean Ohio Enhancement Project storm water detention Golden Triangle to prevent flooding in industrial area

Village of USDOT/ Lordstown BUILD Transportation, Trumbull Lordstown/ $20 million ODOT/ARC/ Within 5 Years Project Logistics, and Freight County WRPA/ERCOG EDA/OPWC Design and Construct Northeast Ohio security system AC Port Ashtabula Airport Security $667,000 TBD Less than 2 Years (fencing) around Authority County System Airport

Riverfront Village of Mahoning Land Development $5 million CIC/Private Within 5 Years Development Lowellville County

This project would direct infrastructure investments to site Site Development for development within Mahoning/ ARC/EDA/ Girard/ Manufacturing Park existing business Trumbull TBD ODOD/ TBD Youngstown Infill parks to maximize Counties OPWC infill and create attractive business parks Redevelop prior Ashtabula EDA/CDBG/ Site Redevelopment Benson Gas Station City of Geneva TBD TBD County EPA Property Develop the south site ARC/EDA/ Youngstown-Warren with an access road Trumbull State Regional Airport South and utilities for WRPA $9.3 million Less than 2 Years County Infrastructure Site Development commercial aviation Bank services Construct new Customs Inspection YWRA-Customs Trumbull Facility for Port of WRPA $1.5 million User Fees Less than 2 Years Inspection Facility County Entry / International Airport

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Construction and Improvement Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Trumbull County Trumbull Trumbull CNG Fueling Station Engineer Fueling County $2 million TBD TBD County Station Engineer Repair and Dam and Spillway Mahoning/ OWDA/ reconstruct dam and MVSD $22 million Less than 2 years Improvement Project Trumbull WSRLA (OEPA) spillways The shared center will provide a single point of contact for Economic Mahoning/ investors wishing to WRPA $1.5 million TBD TBD Development Center Trumbull locate or expand operations in the Mahoning Valley Electricity Improvements to the City of Trumbull Distribution City's electric TBD TBD Less than 2 years Hubbard County Improvements distribution system Support Development of entrepreneurial ARC/EDA/ Mahoning Valley hub with modern Mahoning RAPIDS/State Innovation & Comm. YSU $30.1 million Ongoing equipment for County Capital Center advanced Allocations manufacturing Construction of a medical incubator Medical Incubator/ including site demo, Mahoning ARC/EDA/ Red Zone $1,946,650 Less than 2 years Consortium current equipment, County Foundations and building purchase. Hub for employers to identify and access Professional qualified workers. Flying HIGH Mahoning ARC/EDA/ $1 million Less than 1 year Development Center Will be used to train Inc. County CDBG underutilized workers in key industries Railway Expansion in Explore the expansion Mahoning/ ARC/EDA/ Youngstown and and improvements of MVEDC TBD 2-4 Years Trumbull ORDC Warren railroad track This facility needs to make repairs to the Youngstown Youngstown Business freight elevator and Mahoning Business $1.3 million EDA 1-2 Years Incubator TBB5 roof, complete County Incubator interior construction , as well as facade work

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Programming Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Access Healthy Develop an innovative Mahoning EDA/ Less than 18 Foods Mahoning food distribution Flying High Inc. $750,000 County Foundations months Valley model. Grow additive manufacturing programs to help Additive existing small and Mahoning Manufacturing medium YBI $500,000 AMP Ongoing County Program manufacturers to integrate additive manufacturing into their operations EBGI will increase new business startups and accelerate the growth Entrepreneurial of existing high Growth Ashtabula ARC/EDA/ Business Growth potential companies $75,000 Ongoing Partnership County Foundations Expansion (EBGI) in the county through intensive assistance in meeting business growth requirements Enhance local economy by providing Farmer's Market classes on small SCORE Mahoning $5,000 Funded Ongoing Promotion business to vendors Youngstown County and producers of locally grown foods Coordinate youth- mentorship program Junior Junior Achievement for workforce Achievement Ashtabula $89,125 ODE Ongoing of Ashtabula County readiness, of Ashtabula County entrepreneurship, and County financial literacy Purchase equipment to serve business Lake to River Food Common Mahoning expansion and $124,000 ARC/EDA Ongoing Hub Expansion Wealth, Inc. County increase storage capacity

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Assistance through classes, equipment Mahoning/ Small Business Oak Hill access with an Trumbull $400,000 SBA Less than 1 year Incubator Collaborative emphasis on assisting Counties returning citizens Former Wholesale Distribution Center- Mahoning/ Tri-County Food Oak Hill refabricated for food Trumbull $3 million ARC/EDA Less than 2 years Market Collaborative market, cold food Counties storage facility Support program that Mahoning/ Women in empowers women $175,000 YBI Trumbull Foundations Ongoing Entrepreneurship who are aspiring or Annually Counties current entrepreneurs

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Community Asset Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Development of the OWDA/ Admin and Park for Admin Bldg, Mahoning 5 Years and Canfield Twp $8 million WRSLA/ Recreation Amphitheater, and County beyond ODNR/Local Water Storage Tank Add to either the Administration/ Police or Austintown Mahoning Police Building $1 million ARC Less than 2 Years Administration Township County Addition Building Install signage on I- Boardman 680@ US224 Boardman Mahoning Township Gateway $100,000 FHWA Less than 2 Years (Boardman-Poland Township County Signage Road) Park renovations Coitsville Memorial including safety Mahoning Coitsville $40,500 Foundations Less than 2 Years Park fence, electricity, County water, and flag poles Renovate residential property into Trumbull Collaborative Trumbull Trumbull Neighborhood $250,000 Foundations Ongoing Learning Campus Neighborhood office County Partnership and neighborhood revitalization campus

County-wide Ashtabula Ashtabula Demoltions TBD CDBG Less than 2 Years demolitions County County

County-wide Mahoning Mahoning Demolitions TBD CDBG Less than 2 Years demolitions County County

County-wide Trumbull Trumbull Demolitions TBD CDBG Less than 2 Years demolitions County County

Expansion of Mahoning Mahoning/ interactive exhibits Valley Exibit Expansion Trumbull $484,933 Foundations Less than 2 Years including digital Historical County timeline Society Initiate program to Façade support City of Ashtabula CDBG/ARC/ Improvement entrepreneurship $400,000 Less than 2 Years Conneaut County EDA Program programs in older properties

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Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources

Façade Improvement Façade Improvement- Liberty Trumbull TBD CDBG Less than 2 Years Program- SR 193 SR 193 Township County

Provide ADA Access to Fair Park ADA designated parking for City of Mahoning ODNR/ $125,000 Less than 1 Year Improvements ADA playground Canfield County Foundations equipment at Fair Park Façade Improvement Program as well as Girard Downtown program to support Trumbull CDBG/ARC/ City of Girard $500,000 Within 3-5 Years Revitalization new business County EDA/SBDC opportunities in older properties Consolidate existing Bazetta Trumbull New Fire Station stations into one new $1.4 million ARC Less than 2 Years Township County station Renovate gathering Newton Falls space for residents of Trumbull Newton Falls $1.7 million Foundations Ongoing Community Center southwestern Trumbull County County Public Library of Facility and Site Mahoning Youngstown & PLYMC $21 million Private Within 1 Year Improvements County Mahoning County Utility relocation Riverside Gardens improvements, Campus Mill Creek Mahoning OPWC/FHWA TBD Ongoing Improvements development, and Metro Parks County /ODNR/ODOT Whitney Ave modif. Sidewalk construction Sidewalk Brookfield Trumbull around Brookfield TBD CDBG Less than 2 Years Construction Township County Township Center Provide sidewalks on Vienna Trumbull Sidewalk Project highly traveled roads: TBD FHWA/CDBG Less than 2 Years Township County SR193 & Warren-Sharon

State Street Parking State Street Parking City of Mahoning TBD TBD Less than 2 Years Project Project Struthers County

Struthers Fire Station Fire Station City of Mahoning TBD CDBG/ARC Less than 2 Years Replacement Replacement Struthers County

Restore National Iron Soup Veterans Village- Historic Site & provide Historical Mahoning $1.7 million TBD Less than 2 Years Campbell income based housing Preservation County for veterans Company

West Water Street Roadway, Recreation, Village of Mahoning TIFF/ODNR/ $5 million Within 3 Years Ext and Community Facility Lowellville County CIC

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Trail Projects

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Support Eligible trails Industrial Ashtabula to Ashtabula/ to complete linkages Heartland FHWA/ODOT Pittsburgh Corridor Mahoning/ TBD 3 Years or greater between Ashtabula Trails /ODNR Trail Trumbull and Pittsburgh Coalition Develop Geneva's Geneva Multi-Use City of Ashtabula TAP/Clean Dependent upon phase of a regional TBD Trail Geneva County Ohio/EDA funding multi-use trail 6.4 mile section located in Green Mill Creek & Ashtabula/ Little Beaver Creek FHWA/ODOT Township to connect Columbiana Mahoning/ $4.2 million Less than 2 Years Greenway /ODNR to Columbiana County Metroparks Trumbull Line. Bike trail connections from Mill Creek Park Girard/ Ashtabula/ Mahoning River FHWA/ODOT to the Niles Greenway Youngstown Mahoning/ TBD TBD Bikeway /ODNR along the Mahoning /Niles Trumbull River Construct paved trail encircling Mosquito Trumbull The Mosquito Lake Creek Lake and Trumbull County $15 million ODNR More than 5 Years Greenway Project connect to the County Metroparks Western Reserve Greenway Complete 2 sections Ashtabula/ Ashtabula FHWA/ODOT North Shore Trail and other Mahoning/ $3.4 million Less than 2 Years MetroParks /ODNR improvements Trumbull Stavich Bike Trail Rehabilitate Stavich Mahoning TAP/ODNR/ Improvements Lowellville $3 million Within 3 Years Trail County Private/Local Phases 1-3 Establish a recreational trail that highlights the riparian assets of Turkey Creek City of Ashtabula Turkey Creek Trail $700,000 ODNR/OPWC 5+ Years and the Lake Erie Conneaut County Coastline within a recently conserved property Complete the final Trumbull Ashtabula/ Western Reserve section of the Great FHWA/ODOT County Mahoning/ $3.1 million Less than 2 Years Greenway Phase 4 Lake to River /ODNR Metroparks Trumbull Greenway in Trumbull

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Feasibility Studies

Potential Project Project Title Project Description Location Total Cost Funding Timeframe Sponsor Sources Analysis of Broadband expansion and Ashtabula/ Broadband Feasibilty Implementation Eastgate Mahoning/ TBD EDA Less than 1 Year Study potential within the Trumbull Eastgate region Market analysis of Conneaut Market City of Ashtabula prime industry sectors $12,000 Foundations Less than 1 Year Analysis Conneaut County and barriers to entry Create strategy to identify specific industry sectors that Economic Recovery will benefit from the AC Port Ashtabula $100,000 EDA Less than 2 Years Strategy unique raw water Authority County resources the Plant C pumping facility provides This project would result in system improvements that Trumbull Trumbull I/I Pilot Study would dampen the TBD TBD Less than 2 Years County County high fluctuating flows at the Brookfield WWTP Implement Market Street Watershed Action Trumbull Peninsula Watershed Plan to finalize goals, WRAP $100,000 TBD Less than 2 Years County Action Plan develop solutions, and secure funding

Stormwater Planning Stormwater Planning Mahoning Lowellville $2 million TBD 2-3 Years & Improvements & Improvements County

Stormwater Stormwater Planning management plan City of Trumbull TBD TBD Less than 2 Years & Improvements with recommended Hubbard County improvements Prioritize areas for the creation and retention Trumbull Trumbull County of jobs, align County Trumbull Economic investment with TBD EDA Less than 2 Years Planning County Development Plan business needs, and Commission develop existing properties.

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Source: Grow Mahoning Valley

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Key Performance Indicators

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) allow for benchmarking of progress towards the vision and goals of the 2020 Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS). Eastgate will continue to monitor progress on each of the established goals, as well as the Action Plan through progress reports, annual reporting, and other tools. The KPIs for the CEDS demonstrate some of the critical and readily available statistics that support the three pillars. Supervising these metrics will further highlight areas where there is a need for more analysis of best practices and capacity-building. As part of utilizing these performance measures, the following are baselines that will be updated for annual reporting as more recent data becomes available and planning efforts are integrated.

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Labor Force Participation

The labor force participation rate is a measure of the active portion of an economy’s labor force and includes people who are either employed or are actively looking for work. This metric allows the region to monitor how it compares to state and national levels. While Ohio is similar to the national percentages, each of the counties and the Eastgate Region, in general, have lower numbers. The lower numbers may be a result of our aging population and/or people spending more time in school.

Percentage of Population 16 Years and Older in Labor Force

2000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula 62.4% 57.3% 55.5% 55.2% 54.7% 54.3% Mahoning 58.5% 59.3% 59.4% 59.2% 59.3% 60.0% Trumbull 59.7% 56.8% 56.7% 56.6% 56.4% 56.1% Ohio 64.8% 63.6% 63.4% 63.3% 63.2% 63.2% United States 64.9% 63.9% 63.7% 63.5% 63.4% 63.3%

Source: United States Census 2000, American Community Survey 5-Year Data 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

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Skills Surplus

The organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) classifies a county’s state of supply and demand for skilled labor. The skills supply is the share of a working-age county population having post-secondary education. The skills demand is a combined index of the share of county residents having medium and high skilled occupations and income from employment. The scale includes Skill Deficit, Low Skills, High Skills, and Skills Surplus. A Skill Deficit or Low Skills indicates that the post-secondary education level is less than needed to support skills. A Skills Surplus would indicate that more people have post-secondary education than the occupations require by ratio.

Ashtabula County- Low Skills

Mahoning County- High Skills

Trumbull County- Skills Deficit

Source: NACO Analysis of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Data, 2018 American Community Survey 5-year Data Sector-Led Initiatives

Sector-Led Initiatives are encouraged for workforce development to align industry needs with the education and supportive services system. The following are recognized sector-led initiatives in the region that include cross-sector partnerships:

• Business Resource Network • Greater Oh-Penn Manufacturing Apprenticeship Network • IEC Western Reserve Chapter • Industrial Maintenance Collaborative- A-Tech • Mahoning Valley is for Entrepreneurs • Mahoning Valley Manufacturers’ Coalition • Mahoning Valley Partnership for Employment • Mahoning Valley Prepared for Success • Oh-Penn Manufacturing Collaborative • Plumber & Pipefitters Local Union 396 • Ironworkers Joint Apprenticeship Program

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Innovation Index

The Innovation Index consists of the five components of Human Capital, Business Dynamics, Business Profile, Employment & Productivity, and Economic Well-Being that was created by the Purdue Center for Regional Development, the Indiana Business Research Center, and the Economic Development Administration. The Innovation Index is useful as a broad indicator of education levels, population growth rate, occupational mix, high-tech employment, venture capital investment, broadband density, firm entry rate, business size, patent activity, gross domestic product, net migration, and other variables. The United States is 100 points. Less than 100 points are less innovative than the United States, and more than 100 points are more attractive for innovation than the rest of the country.

Innovation Index

Human Capital Employment Rank of Business Business Economic Rank of Overall & Knowledge & 3110 Dynamics Profile Well-Being 384 EDDs Creation Productivity Counties Ashtabula 78.4 85.1 49.8 82.4 85.1 94.1 2,110 N/A Mahoning 84.3 100.2 59.2 76.2 92.3 94.8 1,545 N/A Trumbull 79.5 93.9 46.6 82.4 85.8 91.9 2,006 N/A Eastgate Region 83.4 93.2 60.6 87.5 86.9 90.4 N/A 338

Source: StatsAmerica Innovation Index 2.0

SBIR Grants Awarded

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program through the Small Business Administration (SBA) is intended to help small businesses conduct research and development through funding in the form of grants and contracts. SBIR grants assist small businesses in the commercialization process and lead to technological innovation that supports future growth. SBIR investment may result in new business lines for companies and opportunities for university-private sector research.

SBIR Awarded to Date

Ashtabula 4 Mahoning 6 Trumbull 2 Eastgate region 12 Ohio 5966 United States 162,058 69

Infrastructure

The condition of roads, bridges, schools, water treatment plants, and other physical assets greatly influence the economy’s ability to function and grow. Commerce requires well-maintained roads, railroads, airports, and ports so that manufacturers can obtain raw materials and parts to deliver finished products to consumers.1

State Spending on Transportation and Infrastructure by County FY 2019

Source: Ohio Legislative Service Commission

Ashtabula- $19,974,638

Mahoning - $37,196,694

Trumbull- $30,904,685

1 McNichol, Elizabeth. “It's Time for States to Invest in Infrastructure.” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 19, 2019. https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/its-time-for-states-to-invest-in-infrastructure. 70

Industry and Business Climate

Gross Domestic Product

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of all goods and services produced in an area over a period. GDP indicates how much money is changing hands and can determine whether the economy is expanding or contracting.

GDP in Millions of Dollars

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Youngstown-Warren (MSA) $17.5 $17.7 $17.9 $17.6 $17.3 n/a State of Ohio $559.0 $588.8 $608.1 $622.8 $645.3 $675.9 United States $16.548.8 $17,233.1 $17,830.3 $18,715.0 $19,519.4 $20,580.2 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis

Total Exports for Goods and Services

Exports are important to an economy because they influence the level of economic growth and employment. Examining where within industry sectors exporting occurs is also an indicator of regional specialization.

Exports in Millions of Dollars

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Youngstown-Warren (MSA) $1,425.2 $1,268.0 $1,252.0 $1,111.0 $1,225.8 $1,392.4 State of Ohio $51,048.0 $52,640.0 $51,139.0 $49,299.0 $50,066.6 $54,292.8 United States $2,294,199.0 $2,376,657.0 $2,266,691.0 $2,215,839.0 $2,352,546.0 $2,501,310.0

Source: United States Census Bureau, Brookings Export Monitor, International Trade Administration

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Quality of Life & Community Vitality

County Health Rankings

Each year, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation releases County Health Rankings that are intended to help communities become healthier places to live, learn, work, and play. The rankings are composed of policies and programs, health factors, and health outcomes that include the physical environment, social and economic factors, clinical care, and health behaviors. Expanded information on the county health rankings for 2019 can be found in Section II of the Technical Appendix.

2019 County Health Rankings Among 88 Counties in Ohio

Ashtabula County- 68

Mahoning County- 67

Trumbull County- 72

Source: countyhealthrankings.org

Livability Index

The Livability Index was created by the AARP Public Policy Institute to score neighborhoods and communities across the United States. Livability categories include housing, neighborhood, transportation, environment, health, engagement, and opportunity. The total livability score is based on the average of the categories that range from 0-100.

Livability Score Housing Neighborhood Transportation Environment Health Engagement Opportunity

Ashtabula 46 55 41 39 56 33 52 47 Mahoning 51 56 44 55 57 39 57 50 Trumbull 51 56 44 53 54 37 54 55 Ohio 52 54 49 48 54 46 60 55

Source: livabilityindex.aarp.org

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Niche Grades

Similarly, to the livability index, Niche, a data science firm specializing in analysis and research, assigns overall grades for cities, counties, and regions across the country. These grades consider all aspects of a community’s well-being, including the state of the Public Schools, Housing, Good for Families, Jobs, Cost of Living, Outdoor Activities, Crime & Safety, Nightlife, Diversity, Weather, Health & Fitness, and Commute.1

2019 Overall Niche Grade

Ashtabula County- C

Mahoning County- B+

Trumbull County- B-

Niche County Report Card

Public Good for Cost of Outdoor Crime & Health & Housing Jobs Nightlife Diversity Weather Commute Schools Families Living Activities Safety Fitness

Ashtabula C+ C+ C+ C A- B+ B B+ C+ D+ B B- Mahoning B+ B- B+ C+ A- A- C A B+ C- A- B Trumbull B B- B C+ A- B+ C A- B- C- B+ B-

Source: Niche.com/places-to-live

1 “2019 Best Places to Live in America.” Niche. Accessed December 30, 2019. https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/search/best-places-to-live/. 73

Resiliency Resiliency is incorporated throughout the CEDS in several of the recommended action items, goals, objectives, and projects. Aligning resources to promote resilience is a key component of the background research and preparation for the CEDS. The CEDS Advisory Council (CAC), the CAC Steering Committee, and Eastgate Economic Development staff reviewed four key resources for incorporating resiliency into planning:

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Technical Appendix I Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Utilizing a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis allows a region to find a baseline for which to approach strategic planning. To better detail and identify exactly what a SWOT analysis is, the Economic Development Administration (EDA) states the following:

The SWOT is a strategic planning tool used by organizations to ensure that there is a clear objective informed by a comprehensive understanding of a region’s capabilities and capacity. A SWOT analysis identifies the region’s competitive advantages-those indigenous assets that make the region special or competitive in the national and global economies- juxtaposed against those internal or external factors that can keep a region from realizing its potential. Determining and analyzing what the region already possesses that could be leveraged better to build the capacity for growth, including competitive cultural, economic, technological, intellectual and physical assets, is critical to developing the strategic direction and implementation plan to promote regional economic vitality. Leveraging assets refers to using the activities and engagement of business, government leaders and other stakeholders to maximize the economic potential of a region. 1

The Eastgate region SWOT identifies items based on how they affect the three pillars of the CEDS.

1 “SWOT ANALYSIS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS.” Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) Content Guidelines: Recommendations for Creating an Impactful CEDS | U.S. Economic Development Administration. Accessed December 10, 2019. https://www.eda.gov/ceds/content/swot-analysis.htm. 75

c. Mahoning River Corridor Initiative d. Mahoning Valley Manufacturers Strengths Coalition (MVMC) • Infrastructure Networks • Agriculture a. Multimodal • Higher Education • Location a. Youngstown State University (YSU) a. Geography b. Eastern Gateway Community b. Metroparks College (EGCC) c. Natural Assets c. Kent State University (KSU, d. Lake Erie Ashtabula and Trumbull Branches) e. Mahoning River d. Career Centers • Western Reserve Transit Authority i. Ashtabula County (WRTA) Technical and Career • The Golden Triangle Industrial area of Campus (A-Tech) Warren ii. Mahoning County Career • Abundance of Natural Gas and Technical Center • The Youngstown Air Reserve Station (MCTCC) (YARS) iii. Trumbull Career and a. The Youngstown-Warren Regional Technical Center (TCTC) Airport (Western Reserve Port • Abundance of Skilled Trades Expertise Authority owns the Infrastructure) • Incubators and Innovation Centers a. Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI)

b. Brite Energy Innovators Weaknesses c. America Makes d. Oak Hill Collaborative • Aging Workforce e. Common Wealth Kitchen • Long-Term Population Decline Incubator a. Brain Drain f. Pairings- Winery and Culinary • Silos (Individualistic Attitude) Incubator • Inequity/Non-Inclusion • Arts and Cultural Assets • Poor Health Outcomes a. Art Galleries • Stereotypes/ Poor Self-Perception b. Performing Arts Centers • Weak Real Estate Market c. Theaters • Pipeline of Skilled Trades d. Cuisine a. National Trends e. Events/Festivals b. Adaptability to Automation and • Community Focused Collaborations New Technology a. Mahoning River Corridor Mayors’ • Fear of Change Association • Substance Abuse b. Growth Partnership for Ashtabula • Lack of Coordinated Strategy County

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• Succession Planning • Broadband Infrastructure • Limited Access to Capital • Federally Designated Opportunity • Infrastructure Zones a. Water and Wastewater Systems • Development of the Mahoning River b. Lack of Broadband • Brownfield Remediation c. Roadways • Land/Landbank Inventories- Highest d. Sidewalks and Best Use Philosophy e. Sprawl Development Patterns- • Affordable Cost of Living Harder to Maintain Existing • Youngstown Air Reserve Station Infrastructure (YARS) & the Youngstown-Warren • Use of Outside Workforce Regional Airport

Opportunities Threats

• Development of Emerging Vehicle • Prevalence of Substance Abuse Technology • Brain Drain a. Autonomous Technology a. Low Percentage of Those with b. Electric Batteries Advanced Degrees c. Electric Vehicles b. Lack of Positive Marketing • Additive Manufacturing • Impact of Local, State, and Federal • Natural Gas Supply and Value Chain Policy a. Plastics/Polymers a. Lack of Zoning Enforcement • Establish Precedent of Coordinating b. Challenged School Districts Regionally & Acting Locally c. Competition with Larger Cities • Downtown Revitalization d. Grants and Funding a. Cores and Corridors e. Potential Loss of the Youngstown b. Business & Cultural Institutions Air Reserve Station (YARS)/ 910th c. Build Grants- State and Federal Airlift Wing • Agency Collaboration f. Higher Education Consolidation a. Grow Mahoning Valley g. Student Debt b. Healthy Community Partnership h. Financial Vulnerability c. Communities of Excellence • Low Wages Initiative • Access to Resources • Maximize Use of Career Centers and a. Healthcare Workforce Development b. Food Organizations c. Transportation a. Community Colleges • Perception of Crime b. Career and Technical Centers • Climate Change/ Natural Disasters c. Educational Programming a. Effects on Agriculture/Farmers

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Technical Appendix II

Regional Demographics

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Population Trends

It is projected that between 2020 and 2040, Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties will collectively shrink by over 46,000 people. Ashtabula County will be the most impacted, losing over 11% of its population. Mahoning County is projected to lose nearly 10%, and Trumbull County, nearly 7%. The State of Ohio and regional projected population growth varies drastically from that of the nation, which is projected to grow by roughly 14% during the same period. A decreasing population base has serious consequences on the region, including a shortage of a skilled workforce, increased vacancy, and less tax revenue.

Population Change

Percent 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Projected Change 1990-2040

Ashtabula 99,821 102,728 101,497 95,160 89,760 84,510 -15.3%

Mahoning 264,806 257,555 238,823 224,680 212,240 202,630 -23.5%

Trumbull 227,813 225,116 210,312 200,840 193,360 187,250 -17.8%

State of Ohio 10,847,115 11,353,140 11,536,504 11,574,870 11,615,100 11,679,010 7.7%

United States 248,709,873 281,421,906 308,745,538 334,503,000 359,400,000 380,219,000 52.9%

Source: Ohio Developmental Services Agency, American Community Survey

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Age Distribution

The median age of the population rose in each of the region’s counties between 2010 and 2018 (Ashtabula County 1.8, Mahoning County 1.1, Trumbull County 2.2). Overall the median age of the Eastgate region is 43.4 years old. By comparison, in the State of Ohio, the median age is 39.3 years old, while the national median age is 37.9 years old, indicating that the region is aging more rapidly. Further research from the Scripps Gerontology Center at Miami University supports that Ohio’s population is aging rapidly.1 According to their research, the population over 65 years of age is to grow from 18.2% in 2018 to 26% in 2030 for Ashtabula County, from 20.1% to 25% in Mahoning County, and from 20.8% to 25% in Trumbull County. The aging of the population, compounded with population loss, has vast implications on policy and planning, primarily on how to create environments and sustain services, that should occur within the Eastgate region.

In addition to examining median age and aging population demographics, identifying the 25-44 age group is also important for the regional economy. This age group is of prime working age and has been found to be the point of one’s career where entrepreneurial risks are most likely to occur. Overall, in the region, the percentage share of the population in the 25-44 age group has declined and remained stagnant since 2009. The State of Ohio has seen stabilization in this age range, decreasing by percentage, but not at an alarming rate. Nationally, there has been growth in the 25- 44 age group, which contrasts current trends in the Eastgate region.

25-44 Years of Age Population

Percent 2009 2014 2018 Change

Ashtabula 25,344 23,481 22,414 -11.6% Mahoning 56,893 53,529 52,484 -7.7% Trumbull 51,204 44,010 44,871 -12.4% Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 134,307 124,689 120,825 -10.0% State of Ohio 3,062,154 2,878,535 2,899,034 -5.3% United States 83,203,383 82,924,270 85,331,186 2.6%

Source: 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, StatsAmerica

1 “Ohio Population Research.” State and County Reports - Miami University, July 2019. https://miamioh.edu/cas/academics/centers/scripps/research/ohio-population/reports/index.html. 81

Racial & Ethnic Diversity

A diverse workforce drives economic growth and allows for the exchange of new ideas among different racial and ethnic backgrounds. The United States is becoming more racially diverse. In 2000, 75.1% of people identified themselves as White Alone and in 2018, that figure changed to 72.7%. During this time frame in Ohio, the percentage changed from 85% to 81.2%, In the Eastgate region, there was less of a shift in those that identified as White. Within the three counties, the greatest change in racial composition was an increase in those who identified as Two or More Races. Below are the racial compositions for the Eastgate region, the State of Ohio, and the United States as of 2018.

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Source: 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, StatsAmerica

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84

Health

2019 County Health Rankings, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Ashtabula County

Rank of Ashtabula County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Health Outcomes 68 Length of Life 65 Premature Death 9600 5400 8500 Quality of Life 69 Poor or Fair Health 18% 12% 17% Poor Physical 4.3 3 4 Health Days Poor Mental Health 4.2 3.1 4.3 Days Low Birthweight 8% 6% 9% Health Factors 81 Adult Smoking 22% 14% 23% Adult Obesity 37% 26% 32% Food Environment 7.1 8.7 6.7 Index Physical Inactivity 30% 19% 25% Access to Exercise 73% 91% 84% Opportunities Excessive Drinking 17% 13% 19% Alcohol-Impaired 40% 13% 33% Driving Deaths STIs 319.4 152.8 520.9

Teen Births 35 14 26

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Rank of Ashtabula County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Clinical Care 80 Uninsured 9% 6% 7% Primary Care 2,890:1 1,050:1 1,300:1 Physicians Dentists 2,720:1 1,260:1 1,620:1 Mental Health 860:1 310:1 470:1 Providers Preventable 6,268 2,765 5,135 Hospital Stays Mammography Screening 38% 49% 41% Flu Vaccinations 46% 52% 47% Social & Economic Factors 77 High School 88% 96% 85% Graduation Some College 46% 73% 65% Unemployment 5.9% 2.9% 5.0% Children in Poverty 28% 11% 20% Income Inequality 4.6 3.7 4.8 Children in Single- 36% 20% 36% Parent Households Social Associations 12.2 21.9 11.2 Violent Crime 135 63 293 Injury Deaths 92 57 82 Physical Environment 35 Air Pollution- Particulate Matter 11 6.1 11.5 Drinking Water No Violations Severe Housing 15% 9% 15% Problems Driving Alone to 85% 72% 83% Work Long Commute- 35% 15% 30% Driving Alone

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Mahoning County

Rank of Mahoning County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Health Outcomes 67 Length of Life 58 Premature Death 9100 5400 8500 Quality of Life 73 Poor or Fair Health 17% 12% 17% Poor Physical 3.9 3 4 Health Days Poor Mental Health 3.9 3.1 4.3 Days Low Birthweight 10% 6% 9% Health Factors 63 Adult Smoking 22% 14% 23% Adult Obesity 30% 26% 32% Food Environment 6.8 8.7 6.7 Index Physical Inactivity 29% 19% 25% Access to Exercise 79% 91% 84% Opportunities Excessive Drinking 16% 13% 19% Alcohol-Impaired 31% 13% 33% Driving Deaths STIs 521.8 152.8 520.9 Teen Births 28 14 26

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Rank of Mahoning County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Clinical Care 23 Uninsured 6% 6% 7% Primary Care 960:1 1,050:1 1,300:1 Physicians Dentists 1380:1 1,260:1 1,620:1 Mental Health 360:1 310:1 470:1 Providers Preventable 5,564 2,765 5,135 Hospital Stays Mammography Screening 40% 49% 41% Flu Vaccinations 44% 52% 47% Social & Economic Factors 78 High School 90% 96% 85% Graduation Some College 62% 73% 65% Unemployment 6.9% 2.9% 5.0% Children in Poverty 29% 11% 20% Income Inequality 4.8 3.7 4.8 Children in Single- 44% 20% 36% Parent Households Social Associations 13.7 21.9 11.2 Violent Crime 279 63 293 Injury Deaths 88 57 82 Physical Environment 33 Air Pollution- Particulate Matter 11.4 6.1 11.5 Drinking Water No Violations Severe Housing 14% 9% 15% Problems Driving Alone to 86% 72% 83% Work Long Commute- 22% 15% 30% Driving Alone

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Trumbull County

Rank of Trumbull County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Health Outcomes 72 Length of Life 74 Premature Death 10,600 5400 8500 Quality of Life 63 Poor or Fair Health 16% 12% 17% Poor Physical 3.8 3 4 Health Days Poor Mental Health 4.2 3.1 4.3 Days Low Birthweight 9% 6% 9% Health Factors 77 Adult Smoking 22% 14% 23% Adult Obesity 36% 26% 32% Food Environment 7.1 8.7 6.7 Index Physical Inactivity 25% 19% 25% Access to Exercise 82% 91% 84% Opportunities Excessive Drinking 17% 13% 19% Alcohol-Impaired 31% 13% 33% Driving Deaths STIs 408.3 152.8 520.9 Teen Births 28 14 26

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Rank of Trumbull County Top U.S. Performers Ohio 88 Counties Clinical Care 64 Uninsured 7% 6% 7% Primary Care 2,150:1 1,050:1 1,300:1 Physicians Dentists 1,910:1 1,260:1 1,620:1 Mental Health 720:1 310:1 470:1 Providers Preventable 6,202 2,765 5,135 Hospital Stays Mammography Screening 39% 49% 41% Flu Vaccinations 45% 52% 47% Social & Economic Factors 79 High School 91% 96% 85% Graduation Some College 50% 73% 65% Unemployment 7.2% 2.9% 5.0% Children in Poverty 24% 11% 20% Income Inequality 4.4 3.7 4.8 Children in Single- 41% 20% 36% Parent Households Social Associations 13.4 21.9 11.2 Violent Crime 237 63 293 Injury Deaths 102 57 82 Physical Environment 69 Air Pollution- Particulate Matter 11.2 6.1 11.5 Drinking Water Yes Violations Severe Housing 13% 9% 15% Problems Driving Alone to 89% 72% 83% Work Long Commute- 24% 15% 30% Driving Alone

Source: countyhealthrankings.org

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Education Attainment

Education attainment is widely used as a predictor of well-being, as those that complete higher levels of education may be more likely to achieve economic success throughout their lives than those who do not. Higher education levels not only correlate with higher wages and income but also are a deterrent from unemployment. In the Eastgate region, high school graduation rates are comparable to state and national averages. However, those that have completed a bachelor’s degree or higher are significantly less than state and national averages.

Educational Attainment- Percent High School Graduate or Higher

2000 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula 79.9% 85.5% 85.4% 85.7% 86.0% Mahoning 82.4% 89.4% 90.1% 90.5% 90.9% Trumbull 82.5% 88.5% 88.9% 89.0% 89.1% Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 82.6% 89.0% 89.5% 89.9% 90.0% State of Ohio 83.0% 89.1% 89.5% 89.8% 90.1% United States 80.4% 86.7% 87.0% 87.3% 87.7%

Educational Attainment-Percent Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

2000 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula 11.1% 13.3% 13.1% 13.4% 14.1% Mahoning 17.5% 22.2% 22.8% 23.2% 24.1% Trumbull 14.5% 17.3% 18.0% 18.7% 18.5% Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 18.3% 20.2% 20.7% 21.3% 21.7% State of Ohio 21.0% 26.1% 26.7% 27.2% 27.8% United States 24.4% 29.8% 30.3% 30.9% 31.5%

Source: Census 2000, American Community Survey 5-Year Data 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

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Per Capita Income

Per capita income (PCI) has risen considerably between 2000 and 2018 for Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull Counties. By percentage, the regional PCI has increased by 36.8%, while the state and national PCI has increased by 44.3% and 46% respectively during the same period.

Per Capita Income

2000 2009 2014 2018

Ashtabula $ 16,814 $ 19,765 $ 20,284 $ 22,817

Mahoning $ 18,818 $ 22,390 $ 23,628 $ 27,429

Trumbull $ 20,188 $ 22,013 $ 23,139 $ 26,116

State of Ohio $ 21,003 $ 24,830 $ 26,520 $ 30,304

United States $ 22,352 $ 27,041 $ 28,555 $ 32,621

Source: US Census Bureau, StatsAmerica

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Unemployment

Opinions and methods differ as to why the unemployment rate remains low in the Eastgate region, including migration of population to other parts of the country that have greater opportunity, people not actively looking for work, and people being underemployed. According to Policy Matters Ohio, “In all, the state is better off than it was during the recession and earliest years of the recovery. But it is worse off than at previous high points”.1 Simply put, many of the largest occupations in the state are low-wage jobs, while gender and racial wage gaps persist.

Unemployment Rate

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Data 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

1 “State of Working Ohio 2019: Realities and Remedies.” Policy Matters Ohio, September 1, 2019. https://www.policymattersohio.org/research-policy/fair-economy/work-wages/state-of-working-ohio/state-of- working-ohio-2019-realities-and-remedies. 93

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EDA Eligible by Census Tract

Certain economic distress criteria must be met for Economic Development Administration (EDA) investments for Public Works or Economic Adjustment, they are as follows:

• An unemployment rate that is reflective of the most recent twenty-four (24) month period of which data is available that is at least one (1) percent greater than the national average unemployment rate.

• Per capita income reflective of the most recent period for which data is available that is eighty (80) percent or less of the national average per capita income.

Ashtabula County

Eligible Eligible Based Upon Eligible Based Upon General Area Tract Unemployment Per Capita Income 1.01 No Yes Conneaut 1.02 Yes Yes Conneaut 1.03 Yes Yes Conneaut 3 Yes Yes Ashtabula 4 Yes Yes Ashtabula 5 Yes Yes Ashtabula 6.01 No Yes Ashtabula 6.03 Yes No Saybrook 7.01 Yes Yes Ashtabula 7.02 Yes Yes Saybrook 7.03 Yes Yes Ashtabula 7.04 No Yes Plymouth 8.01 Yes No Geneva 8.02 Yes Yes Geneva 9 No Yes Geneva 10.01 Yes No Trumbull 11.01 Yes No Lenox 11.02 No Yes Jefferson 12 No Yes Sheffield 13.01 Yes Yes Williamsfield 13.02 No Yes Richmond 14 No Yes Orwell

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Mahoning County

Eligible Eligible Based Upon Eligible Based Upon General Area Tract Unemployment Rate Per Capita Income 8003 Yes Yes Youngstown 8004 Yes Yes Youngstown 8005 Yes Yes Youngstown 8006 Yes Yes Youngstown 8010 Yes Yes Youngstown 8011 Yes Yes Youngstown 8012 Yes Yes Youngstown 8013 Yes Yes Youngstown 8014 Yes Yes Youngstown 8015 No Yes Youngstown 8016 Yes Yes Youngstown 8017 Yes Yes Youngstown 8021 Yes Yes Youngstown 8023 Yes Yes Youngstown 8024 Yes Yes Youngstown 8025 Yes Yes Youngstown 8026 No Yes Youngstown 8027.01 No Yes Youngstown 8027.02 Yes No Youngstown 8028 Yes Yes Youngstown 8029 Yes Yes Youngstown 8030 Yes Yes Youngstown 8040 Yes Yes Youngstown 8041 Yes Yes Youngstown 8042 Yes No Youngstown 8043 Yes Yes Youngstown 8101 Yes Yes Campbell 8102 Yes Yes Campbell 8103 Yes Yes Campbell 8106 Yes Yes Struthers 8107 Yes Yes Struthers 8108 Yes Yes Struthers 8109 Yes No Poland 8111 No Yes Lowellville

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Mahoning County

Eligible Eligible Based Upon Eligible Based Upon General Area Tract Unemployment Per Capita Income 8113 Yes No Boardman 8114 Yes No Boardman 8117 Yes Yes Boardman 8118 No Yes Boardman 8123.01 No Yes Austintown 8123.02 No Yes Austintown 8124 Yes Yes Austintown 8126.01 Yes Yes Austintown 8130 No Yes Smith Township 8132 Yes Yes Sebring 8133 No Yes Goshen 8137 Yes Yes Youngstown 8138 Yes Yes Youngstown 8139 Yes Yes Youngstown 8140 Yes Yes Youngstown 8141 Yes Yes Youngstown

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Trumbull County

Eligible Eligible Based Upon Eligible Based Upon General Area Tract Unemployment Rate Per Capita Income 9204 Yes Yes Warren 9205 Yes Yes Warren/Howland 9206 Yes Yes Warren/Howland 9207 Yes Yes Warren/Warren Twp 9208 Yes Yes Warren 9209 Yes Yes Warren/Warren Twp 9210 No Yes Warren/Warren Twp 9211 Yes Yes Warren 9212 Yes Yes Warren/Champion 9213 No Yes Warren/Bazetta 9216 Yes Yes Warren/Howland 9301.01 No Yes Kinsman/Vernon 9304 No Yes Bloomfield/Bristol 9305 No Yes Mesopotamia/Farmington 9311 No Yes Bazetta 9312 Yes No Fowler 9314 No Yes Brookfield 9316.01 No Yes Hubbard 9317 No Yes Hubbard 9326 No Yes Niles 9327.02 Yes Yes Niles 9328.01 No Yes Niles 9328.02 Yes Yes Niles 9331 Yes Yes Warren Twp 9333.01 No Yes Weathersfield 9336 No Yes Newton Falls/ Braceville 9337 No Yes Braceville 9338 Yes Yes Warren 9339 Yes Yes Liberty Township

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Data 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

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Unemployment at 1% or Greater than National Average

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80% or Less of the National Average Per Capita Income

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Technical Appendix III

Locations

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Region

The Eastgate Region, located in Northeast Ohio, borders Lake Erie and the state of Pennsylvania. Within a 50-mile radius, the labor force numbers nearly 2 million people, with a total population of around 4 million people. Supply chain specialists measure locations based on a 450-mile benchmark for trucking per day. A truck located in the region can reach all of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New York, Connecticut, Indiana, West Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky, as well as most of Illinois, Tennessee, Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, and Wisconsin. Metropolitan areas within an hour's drive of the Eastgate Region include Cleveland, Akron-Canton, Pittsburgh, and Erie.

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Source: Ohio Development Services Agency

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Source: Ohio Development Services Agency

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Source: Ohio Development Services Agency

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Housing

The greatest increase in the percentage of vacant homes in the Eastgate region over the past several years occurred in Ashtabula County, while the foreclosure rate is highest in Mahoning County. According to RealtyTrac, Mahoning County has a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 1267. In comparison, Trumbull County’s foreclosure rate is 1 in every 1680, while Ashtabula County has a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 1708 homes. The highest foreclosure rates in Ashtabula County are in Williamsfield, Pierpont, Dorset, Rome, and Ashtabula City. In Mahoning County, the highest rates can be found in Lake Milton, Struthers, Sebring, Campbell, and Berlin Center. In Trumbull County, the highest foreclosure rates are found in West Farmington, Fowler, Masury, North Bloomfield, and Girard.

The Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income (GRAPI) remains steady for those who spend 35% or more of their income on housing. Despite the low cost of living in the area, the amount of income spent on housing aligns closely with the nation. The median owner-occupied value of a home has decreased over the most recent 5-year period.

Housing Vacancy

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula 15.3% 15.3% 15.4% 16.8% 18.3% Mahoning 12.5% 12.3% 12.4% 12.1% 12.0% Trumbull 9.6% 9.2% 9.4% 9.5% 10.0% Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 11.1% 11.1% 11.2% 11.1% 11.2% State of Ohio 11.0% 10.8% 10.6% 10.5% 10.3% United States 12.5% 12.3% 12.2% 12.2% 12.2%

Percentage of Population that Spend 35% or More of Income on Housing

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula 47.9% 44.1% 43.6% 43.1% 42.8% Mahoning 42.5% 42.7% 40.7% 40.5% 39.3% Trumbull 42.4% 41.3% 40.4% 39.3% 41.1% Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 42.0% 41.4% 39.8% 38.8% 39.0% State of Ohio 41.1% 40.3% 39.0% 38.1% 37.3%

United States 43.2% 42.7% 42.0% 41.5% 41.1% Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Data 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

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Owner-Occupied Median Home Value

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Ashtabula $107,300 $108,300 $104,700 $106,300 $108,300

Mahoning $96,900 $103,400 $98,300 $99,300 $103,400

Trumbull $97,700 $102,500 $99,400 $101,600 $102,500

Youngstown-Warren (MSA) $98,600 $106,300 $101,000 $103,100 $106,300

State of Ohio $129,600 $140,000 $131,900 $135,100 $140,000

United States $175,700 $204,900 $184,700 $193,500 $204,900

Total Housing Units & Year Built

Total 1939 or 1940 to 1950 to 1960 to 1970 to 1980 to 1990 to 2000 to 2010 to 2014 or Housing Earlier 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009 2013 Later Units

Ashtabula 46,107 27.7% 6.9% 14.0% 10.3% 13.8% 7.1% 10.2% 8.3% 0.8% 0.9%

Mahoning 111,447 21.5% 7.4% 21.5% 13.8% 14.2% 6.3% 8.2% 6.2% 0.7% 0.2%

Trumbull 95,707 17.4% 8.8% 18.4% 15.4% 17.4% 7.1% 8.7% 5.6% 0.7% 0.4%

Youngstown-Warren (MSA) 259,354 20.9% 8.1% 19.2% 13.8% 15.2% 6.8% 8.7% 6.1% 0.8% 0.4%

State of Ohio 5,188,270 20.3% 6.2% 14.1% 12.2% 14.3% 9.0% 11.9% 9.7% 1.5% 0.9%

United States 136,384,292 12.8% 5.0% 10.4% 10.7% 15.3% 13.5% 13.9% 14.3% 2.6% 1.6%

Source: American Community Survey 5-year Data 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

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Residential Building Permits in 2018

Total Three Five Singe Two Permits and Four Families Family Family Filed Family and More

Ashtabula 114 92 16 6 0

Mahoning 162 162 0 0 0

Trumbull 94 86 8 0 0

State of Ohio 24,221 16,329 444 621 6,827

2018 Household Characteristics

Married Married Average Family Single Non-Family Living with without Other Household Households Parents Households Alone Children Children Size

Ashtabula 24,225 5,587 11,969 3,491 3,178 13,427 11,351 2.5

Mahoning 59,891 13,152 28,087 9,497 9,155 38,161 33,183 2.2

Trumbull 54,215 11,667 26,593 8,078 7,877 31,948 27,423 2.3

State of Ohio 2,953,760 787,505 1,357,918 441,941 366,396 1,700,315 1,410,748 2.4

Source: StatsAmerica USA Counties in Profile

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Technical Appendix IV

Business

112

Regional Industries

There are several ways of measuring the importance of industries to a region, including employment, location quotients, and gross domestic product to name a few. The Eastgate region interacts with several geographies and markets. Ashtabula County works closely with Lake and Geauga counties on job retention and workforce services. On these same issues, Trumbull and Mahoning counties share similarities with Columbiana, Stark, and Tuscarawas counties. Each part of the region has unique and varying relationships with neighboring metropolitan areas, including Cleveland, Akron, Canton, Pittsburgh, and Erie, based upon transportation patterns and historic industrial connections. The following pages highlight recognized industries in varying geographies.

Diversification of an economy is important for resilience, as exhibited by the fall of the American produced steel industry that decimated the Mahoning Valley. Economic development best practices recommend intertwining diversification with the clustering of industries. An economic cluster is defined as a group of businesses in a related industry sector that benefit from geographic proximity. The clustering of industries is recommended because of its benefits, including faster employment and wage growth, as well as the creation of new firms that spur entrepreneurship. These new firms then further the supply chain and depth of competition to principle companies that, in turn, results in market-friendly pricing and innovative behavior, in theory. Clusters that contain research and development are of higher value than those that do not create added value.

The Eastgate region benefits from understanding its cluster strengths and the related supply chains that can diversify the base economy. Defining the clusters further creates synergies between workforce development, economic development, public and private financing, government, associations, and media. Included in this section are clusters that are identified by various stakeholders in the region.

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U.S. Cluster Mapping Project- Employment Specialization (2016 Data)

In the Eastgate region and the State of Ohio, there is strong economic diversification. The following will list cluster specialization for each part of the region that is Highly Specialized, Moderately Specialized, or Otherwise Specialized.

Ashtabula County:

High specialization in Plastics, Downstream Chemicals, and Metalworking. Moderate specialization in Upstream Metals and Vulcanized Materials. Otherwise specialized in Water Transport, Paper & Packaging, Footwear, Upstream Chemicals, Lighting, Automotive, Production Technology, Downstream Metals, Construction, Nonmetal Mining, and Wood Products.

Mahoning County:

High specialization in Performing Arts, Communications, and Upstream Metals. Moderate specialization in Information Technology, Distribution & eCommerce, Metalworking, and Downstream Metals. Otherwise specialized in Environmental Services, Printing, Textiles, Leather Products, Biopharma, Medical Devices, Lighting, Coal Mining, Plastics, Production Technology, Trailers & Appliances, Construction, Furniture, Nonmetal Mining, Vulcanized Materials, and Wood Products.

Trumbull County:

High specialization in Automotive, and Food Processing. Moderate specialization in Upstream Metals. Otherwise specialized in Environmental Services, Apparel, Transportation, Medical Devices, Lighting, Plastics, Metalworking, and Downstream Metals.

State of Ohio:

High specialization in Downstream Chemicals, Plastics, Metalworking, Automotive, Upstream Metals, and Vulcanized Materials. Moderate specialization in Insurance, Paper & Packaging, Printing, Distribution & eCommerce, Downstream Metals, Production Technology, and Trailers & Appliances. Otherwise specialized in Leather Products, Food Processing, Upstream Chemicals, Electric Power, Coal Mining, Lighting, and Recreational Goods.

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Source: The U.S. Cluster Mapping Project, Harvard Business School

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Job Creation & Economic Development

JobsOhio is an important part of the economic development solution for the Eastgate region, as well as Northeast Ohio. The main goals of this organization are to promote job creation and drive new capital investment through business attraction, retention, and expansion endeavors. In 2018, throughout the state, JobsOhio secured 266 total projects, amounting to $9.6 billion in new capital investment, while producing 27,701 new jobs.1 The following are the industries targeted by JobsOhio through their job creation and economic development strategy:

• Advanced Manufacturing • Aerospace and Aviation • Automotive -Traditional -Smart Mobility • Energy and Chemicals • Financial Services • Healthcare -General -Gene Therapy • Food and Agribusiness • Logistics and Distribution • Technology

1 “Ohio Economic Development Agency: About JobsOhio.” JobsOhio. Accessed January 15, 2020. https://www.jobsohio.com/about-jobsohio/about-us/#. 119

Team Neo is a JobsOhio network partner, representing the 18 counties that comprise Northeast Ohio, including the three counties that make up the Eastgate region. The organization’s goals consist of accelerating regional competitiveness, driving solutions with data, promoting Northeast Ohio together, and creating equitable economic growth. Team Neo benefits the Eastgate region by incentivizing local businesses through maximizing the benefit of state and local resources, connecting companies with workforce systems, identifying quality sites for business attraction, and performing extensive market research. Team Neo understands that Northeast Ohio is an important region, with major potential across the state, as well as the country. Assessing the strengths that separate this region from others across the state, Northeast Ohio is the 15th largest market in the United States, driving nearly 40% of Ohio’s economy, boasting a regional workforce of nearly 2 million people, and housing more than 25 higher education institutions.1 The following are industries targeted by Team Neo through their business attraction and growth efforts:

• Additive Manufacturing • Automotive • Biomedical/Medical Devices • Food Processing • Headquarters & Professional Services • Instruments, Controls, and Electronics • Information Technology • Metal Production & Fabrication • Smart Manufacturing

1 “Northeast Ohio Business Development Organization.” Team NEO. Accessed January 15, 2020. https://teamneo.org/. 120

The Growth Partnership for Ashtabula County is the lead economic development organization in the county. Focused on improving the quality of life in local communities, this partnership is an advocate of community development. This organization has been shaped by the successes of the past while adding new and innovative strategies to help secure Ashtabula County’s economic future. The partnership’s main objectives consist of growing the next generation of companies to create good- paying jobs for county residents, building a skilled and talented workforce, competing for and attracting funding to strengthen infrastructure & education, and revitalizing local communities to enhance their quality of life.1 The following are industries that are targeted by the Growth Partnership for Ashtabula County because of their economic and growth potential, as well as the diverse business and job opportunities they offer:

• Composite Manufacturing • Advanced Health Care • Agribusiness, Dairy, and Grapes • Chemicals and Allied Products • Metals, Machinery, and Equipment • Outdoor Recreation • Paper and Packaging Products • Sporting Events and Management • Wineries and Fine Dining

1 “Growth Partnership: Home.” Ashtabula Growth. Accessed January 15, 2020. https://www.ashtabulagrowth.com/. 121

The Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber is the lead economic development organization representing Mahoning and Trumbull counties. Furthermore, this organization’s footprint does not end with the Mahoning Valley, it extends far beyond the Eastgate region, with members across Northeast Ohio and into Pennsylvania. The chamber provides a broad range of expert services, including confidential and proven economic development assistance to prospective and existing regional firms. Since 1993, the Chamber has worked to secure the regional commitment of more than 570 firms, totaling $6.7 billion in total investment. The economic development resources provided by the Chamber include Development Assistance, a listing of Available Properties & Key Industry analysis, Data & Reports, and International Business Assistance.1 The following are industries targeted by the Regional Chamber through their business attraction, growth, and retention efforts:

• Automotive Manufacturing • Aluminum Manufacturing • Biomedical and Healthcare • Customer Contact Centers • Distribution, Warehousing & Logistics • Food-Related Products Manufacturing • Petrochemicals & Energy Development • Primary Metals and Fabricated Products Manufacturing

1 “Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber.” Regional Chamber. Accessed January 15, 2020. https://www.regionalchamber.com/economicdevelopment/economicdevelopmentoverview. 122

Technical Appendix V

Processes & Plans

123

This section refers to local, regional, and state studies & planning documents that were reviewed for the creation of the Eastgate 2020-2022 Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS). As an outline of plans and processes relevant to the formation of this economic strategy, documents serving as a function to inform upon the three pillars of the CEDS are also referenced. Studies and plans noted in this section go as far back as 2003 through to the present. As a guide of planning documents, this can be useful to inform decision-makers and provide a resource for examining past efforts to address the Eastgate region’s opportunities. This also allows for a better understanding of where the region has been, and where the region wants to be moving forward over the next several years. Local

Ashtabula County

ATB 534 Study McCormick Taylor, 2012

Ashtabula County Coastal Management Plan Poggemeyer Design Group, Inc.

Ashtabula County Community Health Improvement Plan Health Coalition, 2014

Ashtabula County Comprehensive Plan Ashtabula County Planning Commission, 2003

Ashtabula County Economic Development Strategy Poggemeyer Design Group, Inc., 2014

City of Ashtabula, 2012

City of Conneaut Comprehensive Plan, 2017

City of Geneva Comprehensive Plan, 2008

Community Health Needs Assessment

Forward Ashtabula County Strategic Action Plan 2015-2018

Growth Partnership for Ashtabula County, 2019

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Harbor District Plan for Ashtabula, Ohio The Ohio State University, 2010

Lake Visions: A Revitalization Plan for Geneva-on-the-Lake, 2012

Lift Bridge Community Association Revitalization Implementation Strategy

North Shore Trail Plan, 2010

A Strategic Tourism Plan for Ashtabula County, 2012

Walnut Beach Park Master Plan, 2010

Mahoning County

The Austintown Strategic Vision Plan Ball State University

Brownlee Woods Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Center City Youngstown Infrastructure Enhancement Plan, 2016

The City of Youngstown Five Year Consolidated Plan and Action Plan City of Youngstown, 2015

The City of Youngstown: Strategies for Economic Development Center for Urban and Regional Studies at YSU, 2015

Community Health Assessment Mahoning County District Board of Health

Crandall Park Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Downtown Vision and Action Plan Economic Action Group, 2015

Garden District Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

125

Glenwood Ave Initial Conditions Report Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Greater McGuffey Corridor Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Lincoln Knolls Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

MLK Elementary Micro Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Mahoning County Comprehensive Plan Mahoning County Planning Commission, 2017

Neighborhood Revitalization Strategy Report Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2015

Pleasant Grove Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Regenerating Youngstown and Mahoning County through Vacant Property Reclamation Center for Community Progress, 2009

Rocky Ridge Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Small-Scale Manufacturing and Place-Based Economic Development: Youngstown, OH Recast City & Smart Growth America, 2017

South Ave Corridor Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Taft School Area Micro Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Upper West Side Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

UST Study Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

126

Wick Park Neighborhood Action Plan Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, 2014

Youngstown 2010 Youngstown State University and the City of Youngstown, 2005

Youngstown: From the Campus to the Downtown to the River Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, 2016

Youngstown – Mahoning Community Broadband Assessment Connect Ohio, 2017

Trumbull County

Bazetta Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2009

Braceville Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2016

Bristol Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2014

Central Warren Neighborhood Plan Trumbull Neighborhood Partnership, 2015

Champion Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2015

City of Girard Comprehensive Plan (Update) Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2017

City of Warren, Ohio 2015-2019 Consolidated Plan and One Year Action Plan City of Warren, 2015

City of Warren Comprehensive Plan (Update) Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2019

Farmington Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2016

127

Golden Triangle Infrastructure Study AECOM, 2015

Hartford Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2014

Hubbard Township Comprehensive Plan (Update) Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2017

Kinsman Township Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2014

Lower Mosquito Watershed Balanced Growth Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2011

McDonald Village Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2009

Newton Falls Village Comprehensive Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2014

Recreating Warren: 2009 Revitalization Strategy Poggemeyer Design Group, Inc., 2009

Southeast Warren Neighborhood Plan Trumbull Neighborhood Partnership, 2015

Southwest Warren Neighborhood Plan Trumbull Neighborhood Partnership, 2015

Trumbull County Community Health Assessment Trumbull County Health Department, 2016

Trumbull County MetroParks Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2009

Trumbull County Sewer Blueprint Plan Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2007

Vienna Township Comprehensive Plan (Update) Trumbull County Planning Commission, 2010

128

Warren Community Food Security Strategic Plan Trumbull Neighborhood Partnership, 2017

Regional

Driving the Economy Home: What Matters Most to Northeast Ohio’s Economy Cleveland State University, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2011

Economic Diversity in Appalachia Appalachian Regional Commission, 2014

Interface: Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (Update) Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2019

Knowledge-Based Economic Development Strategies for the Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA Metropolitan Area John B. Slanina, 2006

Mahoning Valley Ohio Economic Competitiveness Report Fourth Economy, 2012

Mahoning Valley Peer Metro Report Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2017

NEFCO Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy NEFCO, 2016

Northeast Ohio Regional Business Plan Brookings Institute, 2011

Northeast Ohio Resource Guide, 2015

Northwest Pennsylvania Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy Northwest Commission, 2016

OMEGA Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy OMEGA, 2016

129

Our Region’s Economic Competitiveness Agenda Advance Northeast Ohio, 2012

RECS Team NEO & Fund for Our Economic Future, 2014

A Regional Agenda to Advance Northeast Ohio Fund for Our Economic Future, 2011

The Two Tomorrows, Regional Priorities for a Better Tomorrow Fund for Our Economic Future, 2018

Three Counties. One Voice. The Mahoning Valley Ohio Economic Competitiveness Project Fourth Economy, 2013

State

Annual Report & Strategic Plan JobsOhio, 2018

Ohio Economic Development Manual Ohio Attorney General’s Office, 2017

Access Ohio 2040 Ohio Department of Transportation, 2014

Connecting the Dots of Ohio’s Broadband Policy The Ohio State University, 2017

How are Ohio’s Small and Mid-Sized Legacy Cities Fairing? Greater Ohio Policy Center, 2016

Ohio Airports Focus Study Ohio Department of Transportation, 2015

Ohio Business Structure Series Ohio Developmental Services Agency

130

Ohio Broadband Trends Ohio University, School of Information and Telecommunication Systems, 2016

Ohio Business Reports Ohio Developmental Services Agency

Ohio County Profiles Ohio Developmental Services Agency, 2019

Ohio Economy Series Ohio Developmental Services Agency

Ohio Industry Series Ohio Developmental Services Agency

Ohio Statewide Freight Study, 2013

Revitalizing America’s Smaller Legacy Cities: Strategies for Postindustrial Success from Gary to Lowell Greater Ohio Policy Center & Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2017

The Ohio Broadband Strategy Ohio Lt. Governor’s Office, 2019

Transport Ohio Comprehensive Freight Plan Ohio Department of Transportation, 2017

131

CEDS Pillars

Educational Attainment & Talent Development

2022 Job Outlook: Youngstown-Warren-Boardman Metropolitan Statistical Area Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services, 2015

Aligning Opportunities in Northeast Ohio Team NEO, 2017

Area 17 Business Plan Mahoning & Columbiana Training Association, 2013

Basic Needs: Preschool for Every Child Policy Matters Ohio, 2017

Career Pathways Action Team Machining Program Evaluation: Summary of Findings & Recommendations Thomas P. Miller & Associates, 2013

College Completion Rates and Remedial Education Outcomes for Institutions in Appalachian States Appalachian Regional Commission, 2014

East Ohio Workforce Development Region Four-Year Regional Plan, 2017

Mahoning Valley Manufacturing Coalition Strategic Plan 2017-2021

Oh-Penn Action Plan Thomas P. Miller & Associates, 2016

Ohio-Pennsylvania Interstate Region Action Plan: Regional Innovation Grant Implementation Thomas P. Miller & Associates, 2009

Oh-Penn Manufacturing Coalition Machining Career Pathway Thomas P. Miller & Associates, 2014

Trumbull Workforce Workforce 411, 2007

132

Understanding the IT Skills Gap in Northeast Ohio ConxusNEO, 2017

WIOA Area 17 Plan, 2017; WIOA Area 18 Plan, 2017; WIOA Area 19 Plan, 2017

WIOA Regional Plan for Northeast Ohio (Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Portage, Medina, and Summit Counties), 2017

WIOA Regional Plan for East Ohio (Columbiana, Mahoning, Stark, Trumbull, and Tuscarawas Counties), 2017

Quality of Life & Community Vitality

208 Water Quality Management Plan Eastgate Regional Council of Governments

2016 Community Health Needs Assessment- Mercy Health: St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, Ohio Mercy Health, 2016

2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan Update Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2018

Access and Inclusion in the Digital Age National Resource Network, 2016

Access vs. Inclusion: Preserving Appalachia’s Rail Connectivity in the 21st Century Appalachian Regional Commission, 2017

Aging in Place in the Eastgate Region Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2015

An Assessment of Natural Resources in the Appalachian Region: Forest Resources Appalachian Regional Commission, 2014

An Assessment of Natural Assets in the Appalachian Region: Water Resources Appalachian Regional Commission, 2014

Appalachian Diseases of Despair Appalachian Regional Commission, 2017

133

Broadband Planning Primer and Toolkit Appalachian Regional Commission, 2016

Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Youngstown-Warren-Boardman-Ohio-Pennsylvania U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2016

Congestion Management Process Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2019

Connecting the Dots of Ohio’s Broadband Policy The Ohio State University, C. William Swank Program in Rural-Urban Policy, 2017

The Geography of Jobs Fund for Our Economic Future, 2015

A Geologic Study to Determine the Potential to Create an Appalachian Storage Hub for Natural Gas Liquids Appalachian Oil and Natural Gas Consortium at West Virginia University, 2017

Greater Ohio – An Assessment of Ohio Cities’ Water and Sewer Infrastructure and Brownfield Site Redevelopment: Needs and Gaps Greater Ohio Policy Center, 2015

Growth & Opportunity: Connecting People & Communities to Economic Opportunity Fund for Our Economic Future, 2014

Health Disparities in Appalachia Appalachian Regional Commission, 2017

Household Wealth and Financial Security in Appalachia Appalachian Regional Commission, 2013

Immediate Needs Assessment of Rail Infrastructure RESTORE & Western Reserve Port Authority (WRPA), 2012

An Individual and Community Asset-Building Assessment of the Mahoning Valley Prosperity Now, 2009

Investing in Brownfields: The Economic Benefits of the Clean Ohio Revitalization Fund Greater Ohio Policy Center, 2013

134

Lake & River Port Facilities Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2010

Local Foods, Local Places Renaissance Consulting, 2015

A Long Ride to Work: Job Access and Public Transportation in Northeast Ohio Federal Reserve of Cleveland, 2015

Mahoning River Corridor Initiative: Feasibility Study Mahoning River Corridor Initiative, 2009

Power of 32: A Regional Approach to Prosperity: Vision to Action: Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation: 2012 Annual Report Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation, 2012

Regional Bicycle Plan Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2010

Regional Safety Study Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2020

Revitalizing America’s Smaller Legacy Cities Greater Ohio Policy Center & Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2017

The State of Blacks and African Americans in the Mahoning Valley Center for Urban and Regional Studies, 2017

Strengthening Ohio’s Water Infrastructure: Financing and Policy Greater Ohio Policy Center, 2016

Transit Development Program Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2019

Transportation Improvement Plan Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2020

Trumbull County Coordinated Plan Update, 2017

US 422 Corridor Redevelopment Plan Interface Studio, 2014

135

Updated Coordinated Public Transit Human Services Transportation Plan for Mahoning County, Ohio and Mercer County, Pennsylvania Nelson Development LTD, 2016

Vibrant NEO 2040 Northeast Ohio Sustainable Communities Consortium, 2014

Yellow Creek Watershed Action Plan Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, 2015

Economic Competitiveness & Innovation

The 25% Shift, the Benefits of Food Localization for Northeast Ohio and How to Realize Them Brad Masi, 2010

2013 Economic Impact of Companies Funded and/or Assisted by the Northeast Ohio Entrepreneurial Signature Program Cleveland State University, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2014

2015 Economic Impact of Companies Funded and/or Assisted by the Northeast Ohio Entrepreneurial Signature Program Cleveland State University, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2014

Access to Capital and Credit in Appalachia and the Impact of the Financial Crisis and Recession on Commercial Lending and Finance in the Region Appalachian Regional Commission, 2013

An Analysis of the Economic Potential for Shale Formations in Ohio Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2015

Agriculture and Food System Trends in the Appalachian Region Appalachian Regional Commission, 2015

Appalachian Coal Industry, Power Generation, and Supply Chain Appalachian Regional Commission, 2016

Asset Map of Additive Manufacturing Opportunities in Northeast Ohio (Asset Map) Fund for Our Economic Future, 2016

136

Automotive Industry Profile Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber, 2013

The Bioscience Cluster in Ohio Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs

Building Sustainable Communities in Ohio’s Shale Region: Leveraging Manufacturing Clusters and Local Assets with Strategic Planning The Ohio State University Extension, 2016

Call Center Industry Profile Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber, 2013

Defining Northeast Ohio Cluster Opportunities in the Ag-Bioscience Sector Bush Consulting Group, 2013

EB-5 Ohio Developmental Services Agency

Economic Impact of Humility of Mary Health Partners on the Mahoning Valley Humility of Mary Health Partners, 2011

The Economic Impact of Tourism in Mahoning County, OH Mahoning County Convention & Visitors Bureau, 2014

Economic of Utica Shale in Ohio: Supply Chain Analysis Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2015

Food Processing Industry Area Profile Youngstown/Warren Regional Chamber, 2012

Food Processing Industry Cluster Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services, 2015

International Corporate Investment in Ohio Operations Ohio Research Office – A State Affiliate of the U.S. Census Bureau, 2015

Logistics: Contributions to the Economy Ohio Developmental Services Agency, 2013

Mahoning Valley Arts and Culture Economic Impact Study American for the Arts, 2012

137

Mahoning Valley Manufacturing Industry Report Western Reserve Port Authority, 2014

Mahoning Valley Unified Additive Manufacturing Strategy Defense and Energy Systems, LLC & Assimilogic, LLC, 2015

Mapping the Opportunities for Shale Development in Ohio Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2015

Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2016

Midstream Challenges and Downstream Opportunities in the Tri-State Region Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2016

Ohio Access to Markets Ohio Developmental Services Agency, 2015

Ohio’s Food Systems – Farms at the Heart of It All Crossroads Resource Center, 2011

Ohio Grape and Wine Economic Impact Ohio Grape and Wine Committee

Ohio Shale Development Community Impact Survey 2013 Ohio University Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, 2014

Northeast Ohio Dairy Study David Morrison, 2013

Northeast Ohio Regional Collaboration Assessment Brad Massi, 2015

Small-Scale Manufacturing and Place-Based Economic Development: Youngstown, OH Smart Growth America & ReCast Cities, 2017

The State of Ohio’s Steel Industry Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2014

Tech Belt Manufacturing Case Study Tech Belt Initiative, 2012

138

Understanding Ohio’s Electricity Markets: Characteristics, Structure, and Price Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 2014

Youngstown-Warren, Ohio: An Analysis of the Area as an Ideal Location for High-Speed Rail Manufacturing Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber, 2010

139

Technical Appendix VI

Community & Economic Development Strategy Guide

140

Community & Economic Development Strategy Guide

In the Eastgate Economic Development District (EDD) that includes Ashtabula, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties, there are a vast number of organizations with different purposes, goals, and services to support community and economic development. To help public, private, and non-profit sectors locate appropriate resources and identify partnerships, this Strategy Guide highlights organizations contributing to both development and growth. Some resources are located outside of the three-county region but contribute to the greater region of Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylvania or are of national significance. The organizations are categorized by local, state, and federal entities, as well as by their significance to the three pillars of the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS).

141

Ashtabula County

County Government Local Government

Ashtabula County Building Department Andover Village

Ashtabula County Commissioners City of Ashtabula

Ashtabula County Community Services & Ashtabula Township Planning Austinburg Township Ashtabula County Convention & Visitors Bureau (ACCVB) City of Conneaut

Ashtabula County Engineer Conneaut Board of Tourism

Ashtabula County Land Reutilization City of Geneva Commission (ACLRC) Geneva Township Ashtabula County Library District The Village of Geneva-on-the-Lake Ashtabula County Metroparks Geneva-on-the-Lake Convention and Visitors Ashtabula County Planning Commission Bureau

Ashtabula County Veterans Service Harpersfield Township Commission Village of Jefferson Ashtabula Soil & Water Conservation District Jefferson Township

Kingsville Township

Monroe Township

New Lyme Township

North Kingsville

Village of Orwell

142

Plymouth Township Mahoning County Village of Roaming Shores County Government Rome Township Mahoning County Building Inspection Saybrook Township Mahoning County Commissioners’ Office Sheffield Township Mahoning County Convention & Visitors Trumbull Township Bureau (MCCVB)

Mahoning County Department of Jobs and Education Family Services

Ashtabula County Educational Services Center Mahoning County Land Bank (ACESC) Mahoning County Metroparks Ashtabula County Technical & Career Campus (A-TECH) Mahoning County Planning Commission

The Ohio State University Extension in Mahoning County Veterans Service Ashtabula Commission (VSC)

Mahoning Soil and Water Conservation District

Public Library of Youngstown & Mahoning County

Youngstown Metropolitan Housing Authority (YMHA)

143

Local Government Education

Austintown Township Mahoning County Educational Services Center (MCESC) Beaver Township Mahoning County Career & Technical Center Boardman Township (MCCTC)

City of Campbell The Ohio State University Extension in Mahoning City of Canfield

Canfield Township

The Village of Craig Beach

Ellsworth Township

Goshen Township

Green Township

Jackson Township

Village of Lowellville

Milton Township

Village of New Middletown

Poland Township

Village of Poland

Village of Sebring

Springfield Township

City of Struthers

City of Youngstown

144

Local Government

Trumbull County Bazetta Township County Government Braceville Township Trumbull County Building Inspection Department Bristol Township

Trumbull County Commissioners’ Office Brookfield Township

Trumbull County Department of Job & Family Champion Township Services City of Cortland Trumbull County Engineer City of Girard Trumbull County MetroParks Hartford Township Trumbull County Veterans Service Commission (VSC) Howland Township

Trumbull Metropolitan Housing Authority City of Hubbard (TMHA) Hubbard Township Trumbull County Planning Commission (TCPC) Fowler Township Trumbull County Tourism Bureau (TCTB) Kinsman Township Trumbull County Transit Board Johnston Township Warren-Trumbull County Public Library Liberty Township

Village of Lordstown

McDonald Village

City of Newton Falls

City Niles

Southington Township

145

Vienna Township State of Ohio City of Warren Departments & Agencies Weathersfield Township Governor’s Office of Appalachia Village of West Farmington Governor’s Office of Workforce Transformation Education JobsOhio Trumbull County Educational Services Center (TCESC) OhioMeansJobs

Trumbull Career & Technical Center (TCTC) Ohio Air Quality Development Authority (OAQDA) The Ohio State University Extension in Trumbull Ohio Bureau of Workers’ Compensation (BWC)

The Ohio Capital Fund

Ohio Coal Research and Development Program

Ohio Department of Education (ODE)

Ohio Department of Higher Education – Board of Regents

Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services (ODJFS)

Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services (ODJFS) – Office of Workforce Development (OWD)

Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR)

Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT)

146

Ohio Development Services Agency (ODSA) Networks and Other Associations

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency ApprenticeOhio (OEPA) Association of Ohio Recyclers (AOR) Ohio Housing Finance Agency (OHFA) CIFT Ohio Humanities Community Bankers Association of Ohio Ohio Minority Business Assistance Center (CBAO) (MBAC) Connect Ohio Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) Greater Ohio Policy Center (GOPC) Ohio Public Works Commission (OPWC) Health Policy Institute of Ohio Ohio Rail Development Commission (ORDC) Heritage Ohio Ohio Small Business Development Center at Lakeland Community College (SBDC) LIFT

Ohio Small Business Development Center at Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI) Youngstown State University (SBDC) Ohio Aggregates & Industrial Minerals Ohio Third Frontier Association (OAIMA)

Ohio Water Development Authority (OWDA) Ohio Agribusiness Association (OABA)

Opportunities for Ohioans with Disabilities Ohio Agricultural Research & Development (OOD) Center

The Public Utilities Commission of Ohio Ohio Arts Council (PUCO) Ohio Association of Regional Councils Treasurer of Ohio (OARC)

Ohio Association of Meat Producers (OAMP)

Ohio Association of Occupational Health Nurses (OAOHN)

147

Ohio Association of Security and Investigation Ohio Game Developer Association Services (OASIS) Ohio Grocers Association (OGA) Ohio Aviation Association (OAA) Ohio Home Builders Association (OHBA) Ohio Bankers League (OBL) Ohio Hospital Association (OHA) Ohio Cable Telecommunications Association (OCTA) Ohio Hotel & Lodging Association (OHLA)

Ohio Cast Metals Association (OCMA) Ohio Landscape Association (OLA)

Ohio Chamber of Commerce Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA)

Ohio Chemistry Technology Council (OCTC) Ohio Manufactured Homes Association (OMHA) Ohio Clean Energy Business Association (GEO) Ohio Masonry Association (OMA)

Ohio Coal Association (OCA) Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association (ONLA) Ohio Concrete (OC) Ohio Oil & Gas Association (OOGA) Ohio Consumer Lenders Association (OCLA) Ohio Oil and Gas Energy Education Program Ohio Contractors Association (OCA) Ohio Poultry Association Ohio Craft Brewers Association (OCBA) Ohio Precast Concrete Association (OPCA) Ohio Dairy Producers Association (ODPA) Ohio Produce Growers & Marketers Ohio Economic Development Association Association (OPGMA) (OEDA) Ohio Public Transit Association (OPTA) Ohio Ethanol Producers Association (OEP) Ohio Restaurant Association (ORA) Ohio Farm Bureau Ohio Same Day Transportation Association Ohio Forestry Association (OFA) (OSTA)

The Ohio Fuel Cell Coalition (OFCC) Ohio Staffing & Search Association (OSSA)

148

Ohio State Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters Federal

Ohio Steel Council Departments & Agencies

Ohio Telecom Association (OTA) Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC)

OHTec Army Corps of Engineers

Ohio Tire & Automotive Association (OTAA) Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)

Ohio Tourism Works Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)

Ohio Travel Association Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

Ohio Trucking Association (OTA) Census Bureau

Ohio Venture Association (OVA) Commercial Service

Ohio Wine Producers Association Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)

Polymer Ohio Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Department of Commerce

Department of Education (ED)

Department of Energy

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Department of Justice (DOJ)

Department of Labor (DOL)

Department of Labor – Employment and Training Administration (ETA)

149

Department of Transportation (DOT) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Treasury National Park Service (NPS) Economic Development Administration (EDA) National Science Foundation (NSF) Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Telecommunications and Information Export-Import Bank of the United States Administration (NTIA)

Export Assistance Centers National Trust for Historic Preservation

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) SelectUSA

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Small Business Administration (SBA)

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta National Networks

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Alliance for Innovation

Federal Transit Administration (FTA) American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) General Services Administration (GSA) American Communities Trust (ACT) International Trade Administration (ITA) American Farmland Trust Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) American Planning Association (APA)

National Endowment for the Humanities Angel Capital Association (ACA) (NEH) Association of University Research Parks National Institute of Health (NIH) (AURP)

National Institute of Standards and Better Cities & Towns Technology (NIST) Building Healthy Places Network

150

Brookings Institute FITE (Financial Independence Through Entrepreneurship) BusinessUSA Funders’ Network Business Alliance for Local Living Economies (BALLE) German Marshall Fund

CEOs for Cities The Hitachi Foundation

Center for American Progress Initiative for the Competitive Inner City (ICIC)

Center for Community Progress Innovation America (IA)

Center for Community Solutions International Business Innovation Association (IBIA) Cities for Financial Empowerment fund International Downtown Association (IDA) The City Fix International Economic Development Council Community Development Society (CDS) (IEDC)

Congress for New Urbanism (CNU) Interise

Connected Nation The Intersector Project

Council for Community and Economic Jobs for the Future (JFF) Research (C2ER) KnowledgeWorks Council on Competitiveness Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) Council of Development Finance Agencies (CDFA) Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

Council of Great Lakes Industries (CGLI) Living Cities

Downtown Development Center National Alliance of Community Economic Development Associations (NACEDA) Economic Innovation Center (EIG) National Association of Counties (NACO) Economic Modeling Specialists, Inc. (EMSI) National Association of Development Enterprise Community Fund Companies (NADCO)

151

National Association of Development Next City Organizations (NADO) Northeast-Midwest Institute (NEMW) National Association of Foreign-Trade Zones (NAFTZ) Opportunity Finance Fund (OFN)

National Association of Housing and Organization for International Investment Redevelopment Officials (NAHRO) (OFFI)

National Association of Regional Councils PICO National Network (NARC) Pew Research Center National Association of Workforce Boards (NAWB) PolicyBridge

National Council for Public-Private PolicyLink Partnerships (NCPPP) Regional Innovation Acceleration Network National Development Council (NDC) (RIAN)

National Digital Engineering and Reinvestment Fund Manufacturing Consortium (NDEMC) Resources for Transitioning Economies National Digital Inclusion Alliance (NDIA) Smart Cities Council National Housing Institute (NHI) Smart Growth America National League of Cities (NLC) Spark Policy Institute National Network for Manufacturing Innovation State Science & Technology Institute (SSTI)

National Resource Network (NRN) Sustainable Education & Economic Development Center (SEED) National Rural Economic Developers Association (NREDA) TrustBelt

National Urban League U.S. Chamber of Commerce

National Venture Capital Association (NVCA) The United States Conference of Mayors

NeighborWorks America U.S. Travel Association

152

University Economic Development Association (UEDA) Educational Attainment

UpLift Solutions & Talent Development

Urban Affairs Coalition (UAC) K-12

Urban Institute (UI) After School Discovery

Urban Land Institute (ULI) Alta Care Group

W.E. Upjohn Institute Conversation Station

Workforce3 One Columbiana County Educational Service Center (CCESC)

Eastern Ohio Education Partnership (EOEP)

Educational Partnership Network (EPN)

Inspiring Minds

Junior Achievement of Mahoning Valley (JA)

Mahoning Valley College Access Program (MVCAP)

Neighborhood Ministries

OH WOW! The Roger and Gloria Jones Children’s Center for Science and Technology

Students Motivated by the Arts (SMARTS)

Technical & Career

Choffin Career & Technical Center

Columbiana County Career and Technical Center (CCCTC)

153

Eastern Ohio Area Health Education Center Youngstown State University (YSU) (AHEC) Nearby Colleges & Universities Iron Workers Training Center Allegheny College Lawrence County Career and Technical Center (LCCTC) Allegheny Wesleyan University

Mercer County Career Center Art Institute of Pittsburgh

NEO HealthForce Ashland University, Cleveland Center

New Castle School of Trades Baldwin Wallace College

Pittsburgh Technical Institute (PTI) Bryant & Stratton College – Ohio Campuses in Akron, Cleveland, Eastlake, Parma Ross Medical Education Center – Niles Business Institute of Pennsylvania TDDS Technical Institute Butler County Community College Transport Tech Carlow University Youngstown Area Electrical J.A.T.C. Carnegie Melon University Higher Education Case Western Reserve University Ashtabula, Mahoning, & Trumbull Chatham University Counties

Cleveland Institute of Art American National University

Cleveland Institute of Music (CIM) Eastern Gateway Community College (EGCC)

Cleveland State University ETI Technical College of Niles

Community College of Allegheny County Kent State University-Main, Ashtabula, East

Liverpool, Salem, Trumbull Community College of Beaver County

Walsh University – Main and Canfield Cuyahoga Community College Campus

154

DeVry University – Seven Hills Campus Penn State – Shenango

Duquesne University Point Park University

Edinboro University Robert Morris University

Gannon University Sharon Regional Health System School of Nursing and School of Radiology Grove City College Slippery Rock University (SRU) Hiram College Stark State College Indiana Wesleyan University Thiel College Jameson Health System – Jameson Memorial Hospital of Nursing University of Akron

John Carroll University University of Mount Union

Lake Erie College University of Phoenix – Beachwood, Pittsburgh

Lakeland Community College University of Pittsburgh

La Roche College Ursuline College

Laurel Business Institute – Laurel Technical Westminster College Institute Advanced Technological Education Lorain County Community College (ATE) Centers that Align with the

Region’s Strengths Malone University

360 MN Mercyhurst University

AMTEC – Automotive Manufacturing Northeast Ohio Medical University Technical Education Collaborative (NEOMED)

ATEEC Notre Dame College

BATEC – Broadening Advanced Oberlin College Technological Education Connections

Ohio Valley College of Technology (OVCT)

155

BEST – Building Efficiency for a Sustainable NBC2- Northeast Biomanufacturing Center Tomorrow and Collaborative

Bio-Link – Next Generation National ATE MATEC NETWORKS Center for Biotechnology and Life Sciences RCNGM – Regional Center for Next CA2VES – Center for Aviation and Generation Manufacturing Automotive Technological Education Using Virtual E-Schools SCTE – National Center for Supply Chain Technology Education CAAT – Center for Advanced Automotive Technology VESTA – Viticulture and Enology Science and Technology Alliance CARCAM – Consortium for Alabama Regional Center for Automotive Weld-Ed: National Center for Welding Manufacturing Education and Training

CREATE – California Regional Consortium for Educational Support Engineering Advances in Technological Education Hope Center for Arts & Technology (Hope – CAT) CTC – National Convergence Technology Center Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education (NOCHE) EvaluATE – Evaluation Resource Center for Advanced Technological Education OSLN Akron Hub

FLATE – Florida Advanced Technological OSLN Northeast Ohio Hub Education Center Ohio STEM Learning Network (OSLN) Geotech – National Geospatial Center of Excellence Workforce Development

LASER-TEC – Southeast Regional Center for Callos Contract Services Laser & Fiber Optics Education Career Advantage of the Mahoning Valley MatEdU – Materials Technology Education Community Corrections Association, Inc. MCIT – Midwest Center for Information (CCA) Technology Creative Learning Workshop (CLW)

156

Dynamic Educational Systems Inc./Outreach, Admissions & Career Transition Services Quality of Life &

Kent State University – Trumbull Workforce Community Vitality Development and Continuing Studies Center Community Development Mahoning & Columbiana Training Association Corporations, Non-Profits, (MCTA) Associations, & Other Resources

Northeast Ohio Community Alternative The ARC of Northeast Ohio Program (NEOCAP) AWARE OhioMeansJobs Centers – One-Stop Ashtabula Access Health Mahoning Valley

OhioMeansJobs Centers – One-Stop Adaptive Sports Ohio Mahoning, Trumbull, Columbiana Akron Children’s Hospital – Multiple Oh-Penn Interstate Region Locations

Training Center for Fire and Hazardous Alliance for Congregational Transformation Materials at the University of Akron Influencing Our Neighborhoods (ACTION)

West Central Job Partnership Alzheimer’s Association

Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Area 17 American Red Cross Lake to River Chapter

Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Area 18 Area Agency on Aging 11 Inc.

Workforce Investment Board (WIB) Area 19 Ashtabula Arts Center

Ashtabula County Antique Engine Club

Ashtabula County Board of Developmental Disabilities

Ashtabula County Choral Music Society

Ashtabula County Community Action Agency (ACCAA)

157

Ashtabula County Historical Society (ACHS) Chardon Tomorrow

Ashtabula County Medical Center (ACMC) Citizens Uniting Citizens

Ashtabula County YMCA City Club of the Mahoning Valley

Ashtabula County Nursing & Rehabilitation City Kids Care Center Civic Development Corporation (CDC) Ashtabula Downtown Development Association (ADDA) Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH) Ashtabula Maritime and Surface Transportation Museum Cleveland Plus

Avenue & Main Coleman Professional Services

Ballet Western Reserve Community Legal Aid

Beatitude House Compass Family & Community Services

Bella Women’s Center Conneaut Arts Center

Blackbrook Audobon Society Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative (CUDC) – Kent State University Boardman Civic Association (BCA) Coleman Professional Services Boys & Girls Club of Youngstown Conneaut Human Resources Center (CHRC) Bridges Out of Poverty – Youngstown State University Connect 534

Business Networking International Mahoning Cortland Beautification Association Valley Diocese of Youngstown Butler Institute of American Art Down Syndrome Association of the Valley Canfield Historical Society Earth Angel Farm Catholic Charities Regional Agency East Side Organizing Project Inc. D/B/A The Centre for Community Empowerment Empowering and Strengthening Ohio’s People

158

Easter Seals Jewish Community Center

Economic Action Group (EAG) Junior Achievement

Family & Community Services, Inc. Kool Boiz Foundation

Fine Arts Council of Trumbull County Lake Milton Nature Arts Council, Inc.

Flying High, Inc. LEADERship Ashtabula County

G.O. CDC Leadership Mahoning Valley

Game Changers Leadership and Peer Lift Bridge Community Association Mentoring Initiative McDonough Museum of Art Gateways to Better Living, Inc. McGuffey Centre Girl Scouts of Northeast Ohio McKinley Memorial Goodwill Mahoning-Youngstown Community Action Greater Cleveland Sports Commission Partnership (MYCAP)

Greater Warren-Youngstown Urban league Mahoning County Board of Developmental Disabilities (MCBDD) Greater Western Reserve Council Boy Scouts of America Mahoning River Corridor Initiative (MRCI)

Habitat for Humanity of Mahoning Valley, Inc. Mahoning Valley Association of Churches (MVAC) Hearing Missions Foundation Mahoning Valley Dream Center Help Network of Northeast Ohio Mahoning Valley Historical Society (MVHS) Home for Good Mahoning Valley Reentry Coalition Homes for Kids Inc. Mahoning Valley Young Professionals Interfaith Home Maintenance Making Kids County, Inc. Iron Strings Life Enhancement (ISLE) – Purple Cat March of Dimes Foundation

159

Mercy Health Partners Sister Jerome’s Poor

Meridian Community Care Someplace Safe

Mind, Body & Soul Asset Development Starting Over Again

National Packard Museum Sutliff Museum

Newton Falls Preservation Foundation Taking Flight

The Nature Conservancy Teen Straight Talk

North East Ohio Network Council (NEON) Trumbull 100

Northeast Ohio Adoption Services Trumbull Arts Gallery (TAG)

Oak Hill Collaborative, Inc. Trumbull Community Action Program

Opera Western Reserve Trumbull County Board of Developmental Disabilities Potential Development Program Inc. Trumbull County Historical Society Protestant Family Service of the Greater Youngstown Area Trumbull Mahoning Medical Group

Rabbit Run Community Arts Association Trumbull Neighborhood Partnership (TNP)

The Red Zone United Methodist Community Center

Rescue Mission of the Mahoning Valley United Returning Citizens

The Robin’s Project United Way of Ashtabula County

Rural Action United Way of Trumbull County

SPIRE Institute United Way of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley Salvation Army University Hospitals (UH) Sharon Regional Health System ValleyCare Health System of Ohio Siffrin Inc

160

Valley Counseling Services Youngstown Symphony Orchestra

Vantage Workforce Solutions Youngstown YMCA

Veterans’ Outreach Youthbuild Mahoning County

The Village Network – Youngstown Youthbuild Trumbull County

Warren Family Mission ystark!

Warren Neighborhood Initiative

Warren Philharmonic Orchestra

Warriors, Inc.

Western Reserve Land Conservancy

YNGAIR Partners Inc.

YWCA Warren

YWCA Youngstown

Yellow Brick Place

Young Professionals of Ashtabula County

Youngstown – Warren Air Reserve Station

Youngstown Area Jewish Federation

Youngstown CityScape

Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor

Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation (YNDC)

The Youngstown Playhouse

161

Huntington Economic Key Bank Competitiveness & Innovation Lakeview Federal Credit Union

Middlefield Banking Company Banks PNC Bank Andover Bank Port Conneaut Federal Credit Union Bank of America Seven Seventeen Credit Union CapitalOne US Bank Cardinal Community Credit Union Wells Fargo Chase Woodforest National Bank Chemical Bank Northwest Savings Bank Citizens Bank Non-Profits & Development Community First Credit Union Corporations

Conneaut Savings Bank Akron BioInvestment Funds

Cortland Banks Alliance Startup Fund

Erie Bank Appleseed Microfinance

Farm Credit Services of Mid-America The ARCHAngel Network

Farmers National Bank Ashtabula County 503 Corporation (AC503)

Fifth Third Bank Ashtabula NEO Fund

First Merit Bank The Bit Factor

First National Bank Cleveland International Fund (CIF)

Home Savings & loan

162

Concept Capital Foundations

Development Finance Authority of Summit Abbott Fund County (DFA) Alcoa Foundation The Economic and Community Development Institute (ECDI) Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Emerging Market Fund Allstate Foundation

Finance Fund American Honda Foundation

Illinois Finance Fund (IFF) Andrus Family Fund

Innovation Fund Ann Sherry Foundation

Mahoning Valley Economic Development Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) Corporation (MVEDC) The Ashtabula Foundation Nonprofit Finance Fund (NFF) The Awesome Foundation North Coast Angel Fund Best Buy North Coast Opportunities Technology Fund Bank of America Charitable Foundation Northeast Ohio Regional Center (NORC) Baseball Tomorrow Fund (BTF) Northeast Ohio Student Venture Fund Ben & Jerry’s Foundation Tech Sprout Burton D. Morgan Foundation Village Capital CN Stronger Communities Fund Valley Growth Ventures Cafaro Foundation

The Calvin K. Kazanjian Economics Foundation

CareSource Foundation

163

Cedar Tree Foundation Environmental Research and Educational Foundation Charles Stewart Mott Foundation Erich & Hannah Sachs Foundation Cigna Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Cisco Foundation Ford Foundation Citi Foundation Foundation for Appalachian Ohio Cleveland Foundation Fund for a Just Society Clif Bar Foundation Gates Foundation Coca Cola Foundation George Gund Foundation Community Engineering Corps GM Community Grants The Community Foundation of the Mahoning Valley (CFMV) The Heinz Endowments

Community Foundation of Western Heron Foundation Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio Hershey Foundation The Conneaut Foundation (CF) Hillman Foundation Cornell Douglas Foundation Home Depot Foundation Cyrus Eaton Foundation Home Savings Charitable Foundation DeBartolo Family Foundation Howley Family Foundation Deutsche Bank USA I Have a Dream Foundation Discover Foundation Impact Fund Dominion Foundation JPMorgan Chase & Co. Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Joyce Foundation The Educational Foundation of America KEEN Foundation

164

Kessler Foundation Pepsico Foundation

KeyBank Foundation Pershing Square Foundation

Kinder Morgan Foundation Pollination Project

Kodak American Greenways at Red Lodge Presbyterian Mission Agency Clearinghouse Projects for Public Places Kresge Foundation RGK Foundation Lawrence Foundation The Raymond John Wean Foundation Lowes Foundation Reinberger Foundation Lumpkin Family Foundation Richard King Mellon Foundation McCune Foundation The Recycling Partnership MacArthur Foundation The Robert S. Morrison Foundation Martha Holden Jennings Foundation Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Max and Anna Levinson Foundation Rockefeller Foundation Mercy Health Foundation Russel Sage Foundation MetLife Foundation SolSmart Mitsubishi Corporation Foundation of the Americas Staples Foundation

National Association of Realtors State Farm

Norman Foundation Strimbu Memorial Fund

NoVo Foundation Surdna Foundation

Open Meadows Foundation Transportation for America

PNC Foundation Turner Foundation

165

US Bancorp Foundation Port Authorities

United States Conferences of Catholic Bishops Ashtabula County Airport Authority

University of Akron Research Foundation Ashtabula County Port Authority

W.K. Kellogg Foundation Ashtabula City Port Authority

Walmart Foundation Columbiana County Port Authority

Warren Area Chamber of Commerce Conneaut Port Authority Economic Development Foundation Western Reserve Port Authority (WRPA) Warren Area Chamber of Commerce Education, Cultural and Civic Foundation Government-Affiliated Waste Management Charitable Giving Eastgate Regional Council of Governments Wells Fargo Mahoning Valley Sanitary District (MVSD) William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Western Reserve Transit Authority (WRTA) Yelp Foundation

Youngstown Air Reserve Base Community Private Entities Council Foundation (YARBCC)

Armstrong Utilities The Youngstown Foundation

Aqua Ohio, Inc. The Youngstown Warren Regional Chamber of Commerce Foundation AT&T

National Networks CenturyLink OH

Kabbage Columbia Gas

Kiva Dominion East Ohio

National Equity Fund FirstEnergy Corp.

Frontier North, Inc.

166

Great Wave Communications/ Conneaut Stark County Area Transportation Study Telephone (SCATS)

Involta Community Improvement Spectrum Corporations

Sprint CASTLO Community Improvement Corporation Verizon Wireless Geneva Community Improvement Corporation Windstream (CIC)

Mahoning County Community Improvement Other Government Affiliated Corporation (MCCIC)

Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Niles Community Improvement Corporation Study (AMATS) (CIC)

Allegheny Conference on Community Warren/Trumbull Community Improvement Development Corporation (CIC)

Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Youngstown Central Area Community Agency (NOACA) Improvement Corporation (YCACIC)

Northeast Ohio Four County Regional Planning and Development Organization Chambers of Commerce and (NEFCO) Development Agencies

Northeast Ohio Sustainable Community Alliance Area Chamber of Commerce Consortium (NEOSCC)

Alliance Area Development Corporation Ohio Mid-Eastern Governments Association

(OMEGA) Andover Area Chamber of Commerce

OneCommunity Appalachian Partnership for Economic

Growth (APEG) Power of 32

Canton Regional Chamber of Commerce Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission (SPC)

Columbiana Chamber of Commerce

167

Conneaut Chamber of Commerce Sustainable Opportunity Development Center, Inc. (SOD) Erie Regional Chamber and Partnership Team NEO Greater Warren Opportunity Network Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber Growth Partnership for Ashtabula County

Geneva Area Chamber of Commerce Industry-Led

Geneva Business Association (GBA) Ashtabula County Builders Association

Greater Ashtabula Chamber of Commerce Ashtabula County Business Exchange, Inc.

Greater Cleveland Partnership (GCP) Ashtabula County Society for Human Resource Management Hubbard Area Chamber of Commerce The Builders Association of Eastern Ohio and Jefferson Chamber of Commerce Western Pennsylvania

Lawrence County Economic Development Home Builders and Remodelers Association of Corporation (LCEDC) the Mahoning Valley (HBA)

Newton Falls Area Commerce Association The IEC Western Reserve Chapter

Northern Ohio Area Chambers of Commerce Innov8 for Health

Orwell-Grand Valley Chamber of Commerce International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Penn-Northwest Development Corporation Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation Pymatuning/Andover Area Chamber of (LEEDCo) Commerce Legal Creative Rock Creek Area Chamber of Commerce Mahoning-Trumbull AFL-CIO Labor Council Salem Area Chamber of Commerce Mahoning Valley Electrical Contractors Shenango Valley Chamber of Commerce Mahoning Valley Hospitality Alliance Stark Development Board, Inc. (SBD)

168

Mahoning Valley Manufacturers Coalition Other Business Affiliated (MVMC) Better Business Bureau of Greater Cleveland NEO Food Web (BBB)

Lakeland Community College Procurement Better Business Bureau of Mahoning Valley Technical Assistance Center (PTAC) (BBB)

Mahoning Valley Procurement Technical Council of Smaller Enterprises (COSE) Assistance Center (MV PTAC) Downtown Youngstown Partnership (DYP) Millwright-Pile Drivers Local Union Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Northeast Ohio Chapter of the USGBC Fund for Our Economic Future (Fund NEO) Operating Engineers Local # 66 Greater Warren Opportunity Network Pairings – Ohio’s Wine and Culinary (GWON) Experience Shale Crescent USA Plumbers & Pipefitters Local Union 396 and the Mechanical Contractors Association Youngstown Business and Professional (MCA) of the Mahoning Valley Women (YBPW)

Power of the Arts Mahoning Valley Incubators & Accelerators TechBelt ACEnet Valley Alliance for Science & Technology (VAST) Akron Global Business Incubator

Western Reserve Building & Construction AlphaLab Trades Council America Makes Youngstown Regional Film Commission Austen BioInnovation Institute

BioEnterprise

BioHio Research Park

169

The Bit Factory The REDIzone at NEOMED

Bizdom Riverside Center for Innovation (RCI)

BOUNCE TechShop Pittsburgh

Braintree Business Development Center Thinkbox

Brite Energy Innovators U-PARC

Centennial Research Park at Kent State The Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI) University

Common Wealth Kitchen Incubator Small Business Development & Support eCenter @LindenPointe Business and Investment Center (BIC) at the Energy Innovation Center Public Library

Erie Technology Incubator (ETI) Business Resource Network (BRN) – Area 17 & 18 Flashstarts Business Resource Network (BRN) – Area 19 Glenn Research Center Case Western Reserve University School of Global Cardiovascular Innovation Center Law IP Venture Clinic (GCIC) Catalyst Connection Great Lakes Innovation and Development Enterprise (GLIDE) The Center for Business & Industry at Lakeland Community College JumpStart Center for Entrepreneurship and Business LaunchHouse Innovation (CEBI) at Kent State University

Office of Corporate Engagement and Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Commercialization (OCEC) at Kent State Grove City College University Center for Green Industries and Sustainable Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse (PLSG) Business Growth at Duquesne University

Pittsburgh Technology Center

170

Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at JumpStart Inc. Carnegie Mellon University LCCC@Work Center for Innovative Practices at Case Western Reserve University LaunchNET Kent State

Center for International Regulatory Assistance Living Analytics Research Centre (LARC) at (CITRA) at Duquesne University Carnegie Mellon University

Center for Product Strategy & Innovation Manufacturing Advocacy and Growth (CPSI) at Carnegie Mellon University Network (MAGNET)

The Center for Women and Entrepreneurship Manufacturing Assistance Center at University of Pittsburgh Design Decisions Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University Manufacturing & Technology Small Business Development Center (MTSBDC) at Kent State Great Lakes Innovation and Development University Enterprise Nathan H. and Frances T. Monus Entrepreneurship Center at Lakeland Entrepreneurship Center Community College Northeast Ohio Trade & Economic Entrepreneurship Innovation Institute at Lorain Consortium (NEOTEC) County Community College Office of Community Technology Transfer at Global Business Center at Cleveland State Lorain County Community College University Ohio Employee Ownership Center (OEOC) at Innovation Collaborative Kent State University

Innovation Institute at the University of SCORE Youngstown Pittsburgh Stark Entrepreneurship Alliance Innovation Works (IW) Swanson Center for Product Innovation at the Institute for Entrepreneurial Excellence (IEE) at University of Pittsburgh the University of Pittsburgh Technology Accelerator Alliance (TA2) Institute for Social Innovation (ISI) at Carnegie Mellon University

171

Warren Redevelopment and Planning Center for Literacy at the University of Akron Corporation (WRAP) & the Warren Business Exchange The Center for Literature and Medicine at Hiram College William and Rita Fitzgerald Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies Center of Pan-African Culture (CPAC) at Kent State University Women in Entrepreneurship (WE) The Center for Popular Music Studies at Case Wright Center of Innovation at the University Western Reserve University of Akron Center for Public History and Digital Wright Center for Sensor Systems Engineering Humanities at Cleveland State University (WCSSE) at Cleveland State University Center on Race & Social Problems (CRSP) at Youngstown Area Development Corporation the University of Pittsburgh

Youngstown Design Works (YDW) Center for the Study of Information & Religion (CSIR) at Kent State University

Research and Development Facilities Entertainment Technology Center (ETC) at Carnegie Mellon University

Arts & Culture Frank-Ratchye Studio for Creative Inquiry at

Carnegie Mellon University Arts Management and Technology Laboratory

(AMTLab) Humanities Center at Carnegie Mellon

Center for Applied History at Youngstown Initiative for Digital Entertainment Analytics State University (IDEA) at Carnegie Mellon University

Center for Comparative Archaeology at the Institute for African American Affairs/New University of Pittsburgh World Studies (IAAA)

Center for Arts and Innovation (CAI) at Institute for Applied Linguistics (IAL) Cleveland State University

Institute for Bibliography and Editing (IBE) at Center for Arts in Society (CAS) at Carnegie Kent State University Mellon University

Institute of Bioscience and Social Research at Center for Family Studies at the University of the University of Akron Akron

172

Laboratory for Empirical Approaches to The Center for Population Dynamics at Philosophy (LEAP) at Carnegie Mellon Cleveland State University University The Center on Urban Poverty and Community Wick Poetry Center at Kent State University Development at Case Western Reserve University World History Center at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Working-Class Studies (CWCS) at Youngstown State University

Community, Economic Development, Fowler Center for Business as an Agent of & Urban Planning World Benefit at Case Western Reserve University Barker Center for Economic Education at University of Akron Geoinformatics Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh The Center for Community Planning and Development at Cleveland State University H. Kenneth Barker Center for Economic Education at University of Akron Center for Disaster Management at University of Pittsburgh Housing Research and Policy Program at Cleveland State University Center for Economic Development at Carnegie Mellon University Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation (MCSI) at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Industrial Studies at the University of Pittsburgh Metro21 at Carnegie Mellon University

Center for Emergency Management and Nonprofit and Public Service Center at Homeland Security Policy Research at the Lakeland Community College University of Akron Northern Ohio Data & Information Service Center for Emergency Preparedness at (NODIS) at Cleveland State University Cleveland State University Paul J. Everson Center for the Study of Real Center for Metropolitan Studies at the Estate at Cleveland State University University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Experimental Economics Lab (PEEL) The Center for Nonprofit Policy and Practice at University of Pittsburgh (CNP&P) at Cleveland State University Regional Economic Development Initiative (REDI) at Youngstown State University

173

Regula Center for Public Service at the Institute for Clinical Research Education (ICRE) University of Mount Union at the University of Pittsburgh

Remaking Cities Institute (RCI) at Carnegie Institute for International Studies in Education Mellon University (IISE) at the University of Pittsburgh

Traffic21 – A Smart Transportation Research LearnLab at Carnegie Mellon University Institute at Carnegie Mellon University Learning Research & Development Center (LRDC) at the University of Pittsburgh Education Mt. Sinai Skills and Simulation Center at Case Archival Education and Research Institute Western Reserve University (AERI) at Kent State University Leonard Gelfand STEM Center at Case The Center for Community-Engaged Teaching Western Reserve University and Research at Duquesne University Office of Child Development at the University Center for Comparative & Integrative of Pittsburgh Programs (CCIP) at Kent State University Online Behavior, Research, and Education The Center for Urban Education (CUE) at Center at Duquesne University Cleveland State University Research Center for Educational Technology Center for Urban Education (CUE) at the (RCET) at Kent State University University of Pittsburgh Rich Center for Autism at Youngstown State Center for Urban and Higher Education at the University University of Akron Schubert Center for Child Studies at Case Child Welfare Resource Center at the Western Reserve University University of Pittsburgh Science of Learning & Education Center Eberly Center of Teaching Excellence & (SOLE) at Kent State University Educational Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University University Center for Innovation in Teaching and Education (UCITE) at Case Western Engineering Education Research Center at the Reserve University University of Pittsburgh

174

Energy, Systems, & Green Building Great Lakes Environmental Finance Center Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center (EFC) at Cleveland State University (CEIC) Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon Center for Climate and Energy Decision University Making (CEDM) at Carnegie Mellon University Institute for Energy and Environment at Duquesne University Center for Energy at the University of Pittsburgh Laboratory for Carbon Footprinting at Carnegie Mellon University The Center for Nano-enabled Device and Energy Technologies (CNXT) Carnegie Laboratory for Transport Phenomena in Mellon University Energy Systems at Carnegie Mellon University

The Center for Sensed Critical Infrastructure Malen Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon Research (CenSCIR) at Carnegie Mellon University University The Natural Gas and Water Resources The Center for Silicon System Implementation Institute at Youngstown State University (CSSI) at Carnegie Mellon University Reactor and Process Engineering Laboratory Center for Sustainable Transportation (RAPEL) at the University of Pittsburgh Infrastructure (CSTI) at the University of Pittsburgh Scott Institute for Energy Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University The Computational Combustion Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University Vehicle Electrification Group at Carnegie Mellon University FirstEnergy Advanced Energy Research Center at the University of Akron Zhao Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University Fuel Cell Prototyping Center at Stark State College

Gas Turbine Research and Testing Facility at the University of Akron

Great Lakes Energy Institute at Case Western Reserve University

175

Health & Biotechnology Best Practices in Schizophrenia Treatment (BeST) Center at Northeast Ohio Medical The Adipose Stem Cell Research Laboratory at University the University of Pittsburgh Biomedical Imaging Laboratory at Case Aging, Cognition, and Emotion Laboratory Western Reserve University (ACE LAB) at Cleveland State University Biomolecular Engineering Lab at Carnegie Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) at Mellon University the University of Pittsburgh The Bolton-Brush Growth Studies Center at Apodaca Laboratory at University of Case Western Reserve University Pittsburgh Bone Tissue Engineering Center (BTEC) at Applied Psychology Center (APC) at Kent Carnegie Mellon University State University Brain Institute at the University of Pittsburgh Area Health Education Center (AHEC) at Northeast Ohio Medical University Brain Modulation Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Trauma Research Center (BRTC) at the Autonomic Laboratory at Case Western University of Pittsburgh Reserve University Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory at Kent Banerjee lab at University of Pittsburgh State University

The Begun Center for Violence Prevention, Center for AIDS Research at Case Western Research, and Education at Case Western Reserve University Reserve University Center for Aging and Population Health Behavioral Health Research Lab at Carnegie Mellon University Center for Assistive Technology (CAT) at University of Pittsburgh Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Behavioral Decision Research at Carnegie Mellon University Behrmann Lab at Carnegia Mellon University Center for Bioethics & Health Law at the University of Pittsburgh

176

Center for Biologic Imaging (CBI) at the The Center for Health and Care Work at the University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh

The Center for Bioimage Informatics (CBI) at Center for Health Equity Research and Carnegie Mellon University Promotion (CHERP) at the University of Pittsburgh The Center for Biotechnology at Duquesne University The Center for Health Law & Policy at Cleveland State University Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering at University of Pittsburgh Center for Healthy Environments & Communities (CHEC) at the University of Center for Clinical Neurophysiology at the Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Center for Human Origins at Case Western Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences at Reserve University the University of Pittsburgh Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery at the Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging at University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University Center for Health Equity (CHE) at the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics University of Pittsburgh at University of Pittsburgh Center for Implantable Medical Microsystems Center for Education and Drug Abuse (CIMM) Research (CEDAR) at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research (CIOHTR) at the The Center for Excellence for Self- University of Pittsburgh Management Advancement through Research & Translation at Case Western Reserve Center for LGBT Health Research University Center for Liver Diseases at the University of Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Pittsburgh Disease (GRHD) at Cleveland State University Center for Medical Innovation (CMI) at the Center for Global Health at the University of University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh The Center for the Mechanics and Engineering Center for Global Health and Disease at Case of Cellular Systems (CMECS) Western Reserve University

177

Center for Molecular Analysis (CMA) at Center for Research on Health Care (CRHC) Carnegie Mellon University at the University of Pittsburgh

Center for Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC) Center for Research in Reproductive at Carnegie Mellon University Physiology (CRRP) at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Science, Health, and Society at Case Western Reserve University Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST) at Carnegie Mellon Center for Silver Therapeutics Research at University University of Akron

Center for Nursing Research at Kent State Center for Sports Medicine at the University of University Pittsburgh (UPMC)

Center for Occupational Biostatistics and The Center on Substance Abuse and Mental Epidemiology (COBE) at the University of Illness at Case Western Reserve University Pittsburgh The Center for Synchrotron Biosciences (CSB) Center for Oral Health Research in at Case Western Reserve University Appalachia (COHRA) at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Translational Mental Health Research (CTMHR) at the University of Center for Pain Management at the University Pittsburgh of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research (CVR) at the Center for Pharmacogenetics at University of University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Center at the Center for Public Health Practice at the University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Change-Moore Cancer Virology Laboratory Center for Public Health Preparedness (CPHP) at University of Pittsburgh at Kent State University Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Lab at The Center for Public Policy and Health University of Pittsburgh (CPPH) at Kent State University Cleveland Center for Membrane & Structural Center for Research & Evaluation (CRE) at the Biology (CCMSB) at Case Western Reserve University of Pittsburgh University

178

Clinical and Translational Science Diabetes Prevention Support Center (DPSC) at Collaborative at Case Western Reserve the University of Pittsburgh University Digestive Disorders Center (DDC) at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh (CTSI) at the University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute (UPDDI) at University Cognitive Axon Lab at Carnegie Mellon of Pittsburgh University Duquesne Center for Pharmaceutical Cognitive Development Lab at Carnegie Technology Mellon University Electromyography Laboratory at Case Community-Based Health & Wellness Center Western Reserve University for Older Adults Epidemiology Data Center (EDC) at the Comprehensive Cancer Center at Case University of Pittsburgh Western Reserve University Facial Paralysis Center at University of Comprehensive Lung Center (CLC) at Pittsburgh (UPMC) University of Pittsburgh/UPMC Computational Chemical Genomics Screen Center (CCGSC) Fox Center for Vision Restoration at the at University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh/UPMC

Computational Sensor Laboratory at Carnegie Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention and Mellon University Treatment Center at the University of Pittsburgh

Corneal Cell Biology Laboratory at University Gender, Relationships, and Health Lab at of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University

Cranial Base Center at University of Pittsburgh Global Center for Health Innovation

Criminal Justice Coordinating Center of Harrington Discovery Institute Excellence at Northeast Ohio Medical University Health & Human Performance Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University Cystic Fibrosis Research Center (CFRC) at the University of Pittsburgh Health Policy Institute (HPI) at the University of Pittsburgh Dr. Ram H. Nagaraj Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University Hemorheology, Hemodynamics & Artificial Blood Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh

179

Human Development Center at Kent State Institute for Transformative Molecular University Medicine at Case Western Reserve University

Human Engineering Research Laboratories Laboratory of Gene Discovery at Case (HERL) at the University of Pittsburgh Western Reserve University

Human Motion & Control Lab at Cleveland Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development at State University the University of Pittsburgh

Human Movement & Balance Laboratory at Laboratory for Nondestructive Evaluation and the University of Pittsburgh Structural Health Monitoring Studies at the University of Pittsburgh Human Rehabilitation and Neural Engineering Laboratory (hRNEL) at University of Pittsburgh Learning and Memory Laboratory at Cleveland State University iMED (Innovative Medical Engineering Developments) Laboratory at the University of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine Pittsburgh at the University of Pittsburgh

Infant Cognition Lab at Carnegie Mellon Magee-Women’s Research Institute at University University of Pittsburgh

Infant Language and Learning Lab at Magnetic Resonance Research Center at the Carnegie Mellon University University of Pittsburgh

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at the Markowitz Colon Cancer Laboratory at Case University of Pittsburgh Western Reserve University

Institute for Biomedical Engineering Research MechanoBiology Laboratory (MBL) at at University of Akron University of Pittsburgh

Institute for Doctor-Patient Communication at Medical Devices Lab at the University of University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh

Institute to Enhance Palliative Care at the Memory Lab at Carnegie Mellon University University of Pittsburgh Mercyhurst Institute for Public Health Institute for the Science of Origins at Case Western Reserve University Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (MIDAS) National Center of Excellence at the University of Pittsburgh

180

Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center Pan American Health Organization/World (MBIC) Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research at Case Western Reserve University Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Pancreas & Biliary Center at the University of (MCRC) at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh

Musculoskeletal Research Center (MSRC) at Pediatric Clinical and Translational Research the University of Pittsburgh Center (PCTRC) at University of Pittsburgh

Neural Tissue/Electrode Interface and Neural Pennsylvania/MidAtlantic AIDS Education Tissue Engineering (NTE) Laboratory at the and Training Center & Telehealth AETC University of Pittsburgh Appalachian Project at University of Pittsburgh

Neurogastroenterology & Motility Center at Peter M. Winter Institute for Simulation, the University of Pittsburgh Education, and Research (WISER) at the University of Pittsburgh Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh Physical Activity and Weight Management Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh Neuroapoptosis Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh Pitt Parents and Children Laboratory (PPCL) at the University of Pittsburgh Neurosurgical Oncology Center at University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute at University of Pittsburgh Nutrition Center at the University of Akron Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research (PCPR) at Nutrition and Obesity Research Center the University of Pittsburgh (NORC) at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Occupational Therapy Laboratories at the Diseases (PIND) at University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh Preclinical Drug Development + Testing Orthopedic Robotics Laboratory (ORL) at Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University of Pittsburgh University

Psychological Clinic at Kent State University

181

Public Health Adaptive Systems Studies Stephen Badylak Laboratory at University of (PHASYS) – a Center for Disease Control and Pittsburgh Prevention Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center at the University of Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory at Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University

Public Health Dynamics Laboratory (PHDL) at Tesar Laboratory at Case Western Reserve the University of Pittsburgh University

Public Health Training Center (Mid Atlantic Thomas E. Strazl Transplantation Institute at Regional) at University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh

The Public Services Institute of Lorain County UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute Community College UPMC Stroke Institute Prevention Research Center for Healthy Communities at Case Western Reserve Ultrasound Research Laboratory at the University University of Pittsburgh

Raghanti Laboratory at Kent State University University Center on Aging and Health at Case Western Reserve University The Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation at University of University of Pittsburgh Rheumatoid Arthritis Pittsburgh Center

Safar Center for Resuscitation Research at Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI) at the University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh

Schneider Laboratory at University of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Pittsburgh (VCA) Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh

Scientific Imaging & Brain Research Center VORP Lab at University of Pittsburgh (SBIR) at Carnegie Mellon University Viera Lab at University of Pittsburgh Sfeir Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh Wagner Cardiovascular Engineering Speech Perception and Learning Lab at Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University

182

Walter L. Copeland Laboratory for Center for Statistical Consulting at the Neurological Research at University of University of Akron Pittsburgh Chief Information Officer (CIO) Institute at The Weatherhead Institute for Family Carnegie Mellon University Medicine and Community Health at Case Western Reserve University CyLab at Carnegie Mellon University

The Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie IT, Mathematics, & Robotics Mellon University

Advanced Chip Test Laboratory at Carnegie Dynamic Decision-Making Laboratory Mellon University (DDMLab) at Carnegie Mellon University

Advanced-Data Management Technologies Event and Pattern Detection Lab (EPD Lab) at (ADMT) Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University

Biologically Inspired Robotics Laboratory Human-Computer Interaction Institute at (BIRL) at Case Western Reserve University Carnegie Mellon University

CERT Software Engineering Institute at iLab at Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University Institute for Computational Sciences at Center for Computational Analysis of Social Duquesne University and Organizational Systems (CASOS) at Carnegie Mellon University Institute for Software Research (ISR) at Carnegie Mellon University Center for Computational Finance at Carnegie Mellon University Intellectual Property Law and Technology Center at the University of Akron Center for the Future of Work (CFW) at Carnegie Mellon University Laboratory for Education and Research on Security Assured Information Systems Center for Marketing Technology & (LERSAIS) at University of Pittsburgh Information at Carnegie Mellon University Laboratory for Interactive Real-Time Center for Nonlinear Analysis (CAN) at Computing Systems (LINCS) at Carnegie Carnegie Mellon University Mellon University

Center for Simulation & Modeling (SaM) at Laboratory for Symbolic and Educational the University of Pittsburgh Computing (LSEC) at Carnegie Mellon University

183

PNC Center for Financial Services Information Communication Research Center (CRC) at at Carnegie Mellon University Cleveland State University

Parallel Data Lab (PDL) at Carnegie Mellon Communication Research Center (CRC) at University Kent State University

Pittsburgh Quantum Institute PQI at University Criminology Research Center at Cleveland of Pittsburgh State University

Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Department of Politics and International Relations and Rigelhaupt Pre-Law Center at The Robotics Institute (RI) at Carnegie Mellon Youngstown State University University Ford Institute for Human Security at University Sara Fine Institute (SFI) at University of of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Institute of Politics (IOP) at University of Sensing and Interaction Laboratory (SAIL) at Pittsburgh Case Western Reserve University Language Research Laboratory at Cleveland Sharma Lab at University of Pittsburgh State University

Smart Grid Research Center (SGRC) at Language Technologies Institute (LTI) at Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University

Smart Infrastructure Institute (SII) at Carnegie Law-Medicine Center at Case Western Mellon University Reserve University

Lemnitzer Center for NATO & European Law, Communications, & Political Studies at Kent State University Science Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Center for Human Rights Science at Carnegie Security Studies Mellon University Media Law Center for Ethics & Access (MLC) Center for International Relations and Politics at Kent State University (CIRP) at Carnegie Mellon University Center for Scholastic Journalism (CSJ) at Kent Program Research and Outreach on Gender State University Equity in Society (PROGRESS) at Carnegie Mellon University

184

Social Justice Institute at Case Western The Center for Organizational Research Reserve University (COR) at the University of Akron Center for Organizational Learning, Spangenberg Center for Law, Technology & Innovation, and Knowledge at Carnegie the Arts at Case Western Reserve University Mellon University Taylor Institute for Direct Marketing at University of Akron Center for Public Management at Cleveland State University The Cyril H. Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law at Duquesne University Center for Risk Perception and Communication at Carnegie Mellon University

Leadership & Organization David Berg Center for Ethics and Leadership Management at the University of Pittsburgh

Accelerate Leadership Center at Carnegie Johnson Institute for Responsible Leadership Mellon University Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Advanced Professional Development & and Related Disabilities (LEND) Center at the Corporate Training Center at the University of University of Pittsburgh Akron Organizational Psychology Research Carnegie Bosch Institute (CBI) at Carnegie Laboratory at Cleveland State University Mellon University Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics at Center for Applied Conflict Management University of Akron (CACM) at Kent State University UCEA Center for Educational Leadership and Center for Ethics and Policy (CEP) at Carnegie Social Justice (CELSJ) at Duquesne University Mellon University

Center for Executive Education at the Manufacturing and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory at The Center for Leadership Development (CLD) Carnegie Mellon University at Cleveland State University Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC) at Center for Organizational Development at the University of Akron University of Akron Applied Nanomaterials and Surface Science Laboratory (GAO) at University of Pittsburgh

185

Applied Polymer Research Center (APRC) at The Center for Metals in Biological Systems the University of Akron (CMBS) at Duquesne University

Bingham Concrete Laboratory at Case The Center for Rotating Machinery Dynamics Western Reserve University and Control (RoMaDyC) at Cleveland State University Case Metal Processing Laboratory (CMPL) Complex Fluids Engineering Lab at Carnegie Catalysis and Surface Science Lab at Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University D.K. Wright Jr. Dynamic Inelasticity The Center for Advanced Control Laboratory at Case Western Reserve Technologies (CACT) at Cleveland State University University Image Processing Laboratory at Case Western Center for Advanced Process Decision- Reserve University Making (CAPD) Institute for Advanced Materials at Case Center for Advanced Vehicles and Energy Western Reserve University Systems at University of Akron Institute for Complex Engineered Systems Center for Complex Engineered (ICES) at Carnegie Mellon University Multifunctional Materials (CCEMM) at the University of Pittsburgh Institute of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering at University of Akron Center for Complex Fluids Engineering (CCFE) at Carnegie Mellon University Fenn Research & Development Institute (FRDI) at Cleveland State University Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Engineering (CEMSE) at Youngstown State Glenn H. Brown Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) at University Kent State University

Innovation in Additive Manufacturing at STEM John A. Swanson Micro and Nanotechnology College at Youngstown State University (JASMN) Lab (CIAM) Kent Hale Smith Laboratories (C. Richard Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) Newpher Polymer Processing Laboratory) at at Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University

Center for Materials Informatics (CMI) at Kent Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LAMP) at State University University of Pittsburgh

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Laboratory for Supramolecular Material Structures and Materials Model Laboratory at Research at Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University

Laboratory of Ultrafast Dynamics Machine University of Akron Magnetic Resonance Shop at Carnegie Mellon University Center (UA/MRC)

National Center for Education and Research University of Pittsburgh Combinatorial on Corrosion and Materials Performance Chemistry Center (CCC) (NCERCAMP) at University of Akron X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory at Youngstown Mandal Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon State University University YSU Electron Microscopy Facility Materials Characterization Laboratory (MCL) at the University of Pittsburgh Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences at Case Western Reserve University Nord Advanced Technologies Center at Lorain County Community College Natural & Environmental Sciences PPG Industries Colloids, Polymers, and Surfaces Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon Air Quality Lab at Carnegie Mellon University University Allegheny Observatory at the University of Peterson Institute of Nanoscience and Pittsburgh Engineering at University of Pittsburgh Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies PolyOne Material Development Center at the (CAPS) at Carnegie Mellon University University of Akron Center for Cosmology at Carnegie Mellon Richard ’39 and Opal Vanderhoof University Infrastructure Research and Education Facility at Case Western Reserve University Center for Ecology & Natural Resource Sustainability (CENRS) at Kent State University Rotating Machinery and Tribology Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University Center for Engineering and Resilience for Climate Adaptation (CERCA) at Carnegie The Simon Ostrach Experimental Fluids Mellon University Mechanics Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT) at Carnegie Mellon Strength of Materials Laboratory at Case University Western Reserve University

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Center for Environmental Studies at the Steinbrenner Institute for Environmental University of Akron Education and Research at Carnegie Mellon University The Center for Microwave and Analytical Chemistry at Duquesne University Water QUEST (Water Quality in Urban Environmental Systems) at Carnegie Mellon Center for Nuclear Research (CNR) at Kent University State University

Center for Philosophy of Science at University of Pittsburgh

Centrifuge Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University

Environmental Engineering Teaching Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University

Environmental Fluids Mechanics (EFM) Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh

GeoSci Laboratory at Cleveland State University

Herrick Aquatic Ecology Research Facility (HAERF) at Kent State University

Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation at Carnegie Mellon University

Mobile Air Quality Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh Particle Physics Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC) at University of Pittsburgh

Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology (PLE) at University of Pittsburgh

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