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Federal Building United States Courthouse in Youngstown, Ohio, Was Designed and Constructed Under the U

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Federal Building United States Courthouse in Youngstown, Ohio, Was Designed and Constructed Under the U FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown, Ohio The Federal Building United States Courthouse in Youngstown, Ohio, was designed and constructed under the U.S. General Services Administration’s Design Excellence Program, an initiative to create and preserve a legacy of outstanding public buildings that will be used and enjoyed now and by future generations of Americans. Special thanks to the Honorable William T. Bodoh, Chief Bankruptcy Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, for his commitment and dedication to a building of outstanding quality that is a tribute to the role of the judiciary in our democratic society and worthy U.S. General Services Administration U.S. General Services Administration of the American people. Public Buildings Service Office of the Chief Architect Center for Design Excellence and the Arts October 2002 1800 F Street, NW Washington, DC 20405 202­501­1888 FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown, Ohio The Federal Building United States Courthouse in Youngstown, Ohio, was designed and constructed under the U.S. General Services Administration’s Design Excellence Program, an initiative to create and preserve a legacy of outstanding public buildings that will be used and enjoyed now and by future generations of Americans. Special thanks to the Honorable William T. Bodoh, Chief Bankruptcy Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, for his commitment and dedication to a building of outstanding quality that is a tribute to the role of the judiciary in our democratic society and worthy U.S. General Services Administration U.S. General Services Administration of the American people. Public Buildings Service Office of the Chief Architect Center for Design Excellence and the Arts October 2002 1800 F Street, NW Washington, DC 20405 202­501­1888 FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE Youngstown, Ohio 4 A Civic Gateway 11 The Path to Justice 18 Art in Architecture 22 General Facts about the Courthouse 28 Biographies: The Architect and the Artist 32 The Design and Construction Team 35 U.S. General Services Administration and the Design Excellence Program 2 The curved facade gives civic stature to a comparatively small building occupying a large site in a prominent location. We capitalized on the steep slope of the site to create an interesting urbanscape that serves as a forecourt not only for the court building but also for the First Presbyterian Church up the hill. Robert A. M. Stern Architect, Robert A. M. Stern Architects 3 A CIVIC GATEWAY Modest in scale and simple in demeanor, its grand 1917 neoclassical marble structure the Federal Building United States was designed by McKim, Mead & White. Courthouse in Youngstown, Ohio, is a Many of the city’s churches and assembly gentle giant that quietly fulfills important halls are also located in this area, including civic functions in the city. The four­story the monumental Stambaugh Auditorium brick and glass structure occupies a highly completed in 1926 and now listed on the visible three­acre site at the edge of the National Register of Historic Places. historic center of the city. This is no accident. It is part of a long tradition of In the valley between the river and the locating Federal buildings on prominent heights is the business and civic core. sites to establish a presence, celebrate Several commercial offices are located our democratic form of government, in mini­skyscrapers from the 1920s, and help stimulate economic growth in and government buildings are grouped the surrounding area. around Federal Plaza East and West. Between the commercial core and the The historic center of Youngstown consists heights is a narrow strip of land—formerly of three distinct but interdependent parts. a railroad bed—that divided the city. On the south, along the Mahoning River, The new Federal Building United States are the sprawling remains of 19th century Courthouse fills in part of this strip at steelworks. On the north, sited on the the intersection of Wick Avenue and heights overlooking the river, are various East Commerce Street, creating an edge educational and cultural institutions. to the Central Business District and a These include Youngstown State University, gateway to the cultural precinct. Utilizing the Arms Family Museum of Local History, this once­neglected parcel is also a catalyst the McDonough Museum of Art, and the for additional economic development in Butler Institute of American Art. The downtown Youngstown. Butler museum is significant because it is the first in the United States dedicated The building acknowledges its context and to works by American artists and because responds to the unique features of the site. 4 C E N T RAL S WI CK AVE N U E QUA R E EAS T EAS C O T M WO M E O R D N ORTH CHAM PI ON STR E ET C E S T STR R E E E T ET N ORT H WALN UT ST R E ET N ORTH WALN UT STR E ET 5 It respects the street grid. It anchors cylinders that recall the stacks of the steel Wick Avenue and East Commerce Street mills that were such a prominent part of with brick and stone corner pavilions and the city’s silhouette. connects these with a curved facade that is dominated by a dramatic two­story glazed The principal materials of the building are colonnaded porch above the ground floor. buff­colored brick, cast stone trim, gunmetal A terraced, tree­lined walkway along Wick colored metal columns and windows, and a Avenue and down East Commerce Street projecting metal standing­seam roof carried widens at the corner of the two streets on metal brackets. These materials reflect to form a plaza in front of the building, the duality of Youngstown’s architectural a civic space that faces Central Square and heritage—its blend of the classical and the downtown Youngstown. The walkway industrial. The result is an imagery that provides a 50­foot security setback and embodies history at the same time that it permits an unobstructed view up Wick conveys the dignity and strength, solemnity Avenue to the heights and prominent clock and permanence that we desire and expect and bell tower of the First Presbyterian from our government institutions. Church. The main entrance to the building is located off center in the curved façade and faces Wick Avenue. This location enabled the architect to create a long interior vestibule so visitors can queue up inside the building to go through security rather than stand outside on the plaza. The entrance is marked by a canopy made of steel I­beams and is embellished at the plaza entry with two soaring metal light 6 7 I like to think of the building as a fragment of a larger building to come. The organization of the plan allows the building to be extended to the north and to the east in the future should that become desirable, but it is a fragment that stands on its own, that is compositionally resolved. Robert A. M. Stern Architect, Robert A. M. Stern Architects 8 9 10 THE PATH TO JUSTICE The heart of the Federal Building United Ascending the staircase to the second States Courthouse is the U.S. Bankruptcy floor, visitors reach a light­filled gallery courtroom located on the third floor. that parallels the glass façade and offers While the location, volume, and profile of panoramic views of downtown Youngstown. the building create a strategic civic gateway At the ends of the gallery, tall glass doors for the community on the outside, on lead to the colonnaded porch where people the inside, the central focus is on creating can look across the entrance plaza. a stately path to the doors of justice. This is achieved through a skillful layout and Taking the stairs to the third floor, there spatial hierarchy that create a processional is a similar gallery. The middle, however, sequence that starts at the main entrance on widens into a spacious foyer/lobby for the ground floor and ends in the courtroom the courtroom. Double doors in the on the third floor. This procession is center lead down a narrow hall to another composed of a circulation route that weaves set of double doors that opens into the diagonally back and forth along the curved courtroom. Straight ahead is a raised facade of the building. judge’s bench, culminating the sequence from outside to inside. Upon entering the building, visitors must make a 90­degree turn to the right and This carefully choreographed procession walk down a long, narrow vestibule along to the courtroom recalls—in this 52,000­ the curved front façade. At the end of square­foot contemporary building—the the vestibule, visitors reach the security personal experience of climbing the steps checkpoint. After passing through security, and entering the traditional one­room they make a 90­degree turn to the left courthouse. During the day, natural light and enter a wedge­shaped lobby that brilliantly illuminates the path and the city is perpendicular to the entry vestibule. is constantly in view as visitors ascend The lobby is dominated by a ceremonial the stairs to the courtroom. Symbolically, staircase that rises to the second and this conveys the notion of the judiciary third floors along the glass curved wall. as an integral part of the community. 11 Yet, with each step, visitors become is behind a railing near the entrance. increasingly aware that they are entering The décor is simple and reserved—red a special place apart from the hubbub of oak paneling, dark blue carpet with gold the everyday world, a place that stands at accents, oak furniture, and large pendant the very heart of the American democratic lights with recessed lighting fixtures in system—the independent judiciary where the 16­foot­high ceiling.
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