DOCSLIB.ORG

Improving the Livelihood of the Poorest? Profiling the Beneficiaries of the EUREGIO East Africa Livelihood Improvement Programme in Tanzania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improving the Livelihood of the Poorest? Profiling the Beneficiaries of the EUREGIO East Africa Livelihood Improvement Programme in Tanzania Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck Master's Thesis for obtaining the academic degree of Master of Science Improving the livelihood of the poorest? Profiling the beneficiaries of the EUREGIO East Africa Livelihood Improvement Programme in Tanzania. Benedikt Menardi B.Sc. 01217728 submitted to Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Ernst Steinicke Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, September 2020 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography I. Federal Declaration I hereby declare on oath with my own signature that I have written the present work independently and have not used any sources or aids other than those indicated. All passages that have been taken literally or in content from the sources given are marked as such. The present thesis has not yet been submitted in the same or similar form as a master's or Diploma thesis. 04.09.2020 Benedikt Menardi 2 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography II. Acknowledgement I would first like to thank Ernst Steinicke, Matthias Danninger and Peter Van Erum for their continued support. Their comments, ideas and suggestions have significantly contributed to the thesis. I would also like to thank Friedbert Ottacher, Karin Hartl-Hubmann and Judith Nothdurfter for the interesting interviews. Special thanks to Jasson Rwazo (Missenyi), Stephen Kileo (KADDRO) and Lucy Mbeho (KADDRO), who supported me during my field research. Without their commitment this work would not have been possible. Furthermore, I would like to thank Inga Rodermund for proofreading my thesis. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and to my girlfriend for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and writing this thesis. 3 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography VI. Contents I. Federal Declaration .................................................................................................. 2 II. Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. 3 III. List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 7 IV. List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 8 V. Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 9 VI. Abstract ............................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Hypotheses and General Methodology .................................................................... 11 2. Theoretical Fundamentals ..................................................................................... 14 2.1 Sustainable Development Goal 1: No Poverty ......................................................... 14 2.2 International Development Cooperation ................................................................. 15 2.2.1 Industrialisation and Modernisation ............................................................. 15 2.2.2 Dependency Theory....................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Neoliberalism ................................................................................................. 17 2.2.4 Post-Development ......................................................................................... 17 2.2.5 Amartya Sen's Capability Approach .............................................................. 18 2.3 Poverty ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Definition and Perceptions of Poverty .......................................................... 18 2.3.2 Global Poverty ............................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 Dimensions and Measurement of Poverty .................................................... 20 3. Study Area ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1 Tanzania .................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 The Tanzanian Districts of Missenyi and Kyerwa ..................................................... 25 4. The EUREGIO East Africa Livelihood Improvement Programme .............................. 28 4 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography 4.1 Structure and Aim of the Programme ...................................................................... 28 4.2 Current State ............................................................................................................ 29 5. Specific Methods of Data Collection and Evaluation ............................................... 31 5.1 Focus Group Discussion ............................................................................................ 31 5.2 Homestead Visits ...................................................................................................... 32 5.2.1 Health Dimension .......................................................................................... 33 5.2.2 Educational Dimension .................................................................................. 34 5.2.3 Living Standards Dimension .......................................................................... 35 5.2.4 Indicators of Monetary Poverty .................................................................... 36 5.3 Poverty cutoffs .......................................................................................................... 37 5.4 Expert Interviews ...................................................................................................... 38 6. Findings ................................................................................................................. 40 6.1 Local Perception of Poverty ...................................................................................... 40 6.1.1 Local Perception of Income Situation ........................................................... 41 6.1.2 Local Perception of Water Situation ............................................................. 43 6.1.3 Local Perception of the Nutritional Situation ................................................ 45 6.1.4 Local Perception of the Housing Situation .................................................... 47 6.1.5 Local Perception of Sanitary Conditions........................................................ 49 6.2 Multidimensional Poverty Index Measurement ....................................................... 51 6.2.1 Health ............................................................................................................ 51 6.2.2 Education ....................................................................................................... 53 6.2.3 Living Standard .............................................................................................. 54 6.3 MPI Poverty Cutoffs .................................................................................................. 58 6.4 Monetary Poverty ..................................................................................................... 59 6.5 Donors Perception of Poverty .................................................................................. 60 5 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography 6.6 Local Partner's Perception of Poverty and Choosing of Beneficiaries ..................... 61 6.6.1 Missenyi ......................................................................................................... 61 6.6.2 Kyerwa ........................................................................................................... 62 7. Synthesis ............................................................................................................... 64 7.1 The Poorest vs. the "Active Poor" and Contribution to SDG 1 ................................. 65 7.2 Local Perception of Poverty vs. Multidimensional Poverty Index ............................ 66 7.3 Expectations of the Donors ...................................................................................... 70 8. Conclusion & Recommendations............................................................................ 71 9. Literature .............................................................................................................. 73 10. Annex .................................................................................................................. 76 10.1 Questionnaire ......................................................................................................... 76 10.2 Questions for the EEALIP Focus Group Discussions ............................................... 80 6 Improving the livelihood of the poorest Benedikt Menardi Master's Thesis University of Innsbruck, Department of Geography III. List of Figures Figure 1: The Districts of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Purification with a Biosand Filter in Tanzania: a Minor Field Study - Karagwe District, Tanzania
    Projektarbete 15 hp June 2016 Water purification with a biosand filter in Tanzania: A minor field study - Karagwe District, Tanzania Johanna Gjerstad Lindgren Zarah Olivecrona Abstract In Karagwe district in northwest Tanzania, the non-governmental organisation Mavuno is working with water scarcity and drinking-water quality issues within the local community. Mavuno started a boarding school for girls in Chonyonyo village in the district in January 2016. The school is self-sufficient of water and relies on rainwater as a raw water source. The main objective of this study was to investigate water purification with a biosand filter, built of local materials at the Chonyonyo school. The filter performance was analysed by studying the reduction of indicator organisms in the filtered water. The knowledge obtained should be transferred to employees at Mavuno, allowing them to independently operate the biosand filter and analyse the water quality. The study was done as a Minor field study with support from SIDA, in collaboration with Swedish Engineers without borders and Mavuno. The study includes a literature review and a field study where a biosand filter was built and tested. After construction, the biosand filter was operated for 6 weeks during which water samples were collected and analysed. Water samples were collected from the influent raw rainwater and effluent filtered water. The microbial properties of the water samples were investigated by analysis of the indicator organisms total coliform bacteria, e.coli and enterococci. The analysis was performed with the QuantiTray-2000® and most probable number (MPN) method from IDEXX Laboratories. Additionally, temperature and pH was measured on all water samples.
    [Show full text]
  • The United Republic of Tanzania
    Strategic Plan Document 2016/2017 to 2020/2021 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT KYERWA DISTRICT COUNCIL COUNCIL FIVE YEARS STRATEGIC PLAN 2016/2017 – 2020/2021 DISTRICT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, P. O. BOX 72, KYERWA TEL: +255 686 397 972 + 255 754 422 746 Email: [email protected] 0 Strategic Plan Document 2016/2017 to 2020/2021 CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.0: Statement of the Council Chairperson ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.2: Statement of the Council Director ........................................................................................................................... 6 Challenges and Obstacles: .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5: Purpose of the five years Strategic Development Plan (2016/2017 - 2020/2021) .................................................... 9 1.6: Mandate of the Council as stipulated
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Policy and Legal Reforms on a Pastoral System in Lower Kagera Sub-Basin, North Western Tanzania
    Impact of Policy and Legal Reforms on a Pastoral System in Lower Kagera Sub-Basin, North Western Tanzania Lwekaza J. A. Kisoza The Open University of Tanzania Institute of Continuing Education Email: [email protected] Abstract: A socio-economic study was conducted in the lower Kagera sub-basin in North Western Tanzania to assess the impact of land-use policies and legal reformson pastoral system. Questionnaire surveys and PRA approaches were employed to collect data in four districts: Muleba, Missenyi, Karagwe and Ngara in Kagera region. The main economic activities in the study area were small hold farming (74%), agro-pastoralism (48%) and pastoralism (4%). The majority own between 1 and 2 acres of land, held under customary regimes (60.3. There were experienced increasing land shortages (69.2%) mainly attributed to unfavourable legal and policy framework (96.4%). The main constraint faced by pastoralists was shortage of grazing land (52.9%). The structures established to administer land resources and resolve land-use conflicts were reported to be ineffectual. The area is facing increasing land-use conflicts that involve farmers against pastoralists, farmers against farmers, farmers against investors, and farmer against government agencies. A number of newly introduced policies and laws aiming at commercialization of pastoral system had led to expropriation of customary lands to new investors. The pastoral systems are now on transition, and increasingly becoming sedentarized. There are emerging commercial investors who were partitioning communal grazing lands and converting them into commercial ranches. In order to cope with changes it is recommended the interventions that will intensify the pastoral system by increasing both rangeland and livestock productivity and ensure sustainable rangeland health in Kagera sub- basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Invest in Kyerwa District Where You Dreams Comes True-TANZANIA
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT’S OFFICE DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT KYERWA DISTRICT INVESTMENT PROFILE, 2017 District Executive Director’s Office P.O.BOX 72, BUKOBA-KAGERA E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.kyerwa.org.tz KYERWA DISTRICT COUNC TANZANIA-EAST AFRICA Invest in Kyerwa District where you dreams comes true-TANZANIA ii Invest in Kyerwa District where you dreams comes true-TANZANIA Contents Disclaimer........................................................................................................................................................6 Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................................7 FOREWORDS FROM THE COUNCIL CHAIR PERSON ........................................................................................8 MASSAGE FROM THE DISTRIC EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS OFFICE.......................................................................9 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................10 1.0: Kagera Region at a glance..............................................................................................................10 1.1: Kyerwa District in a broad context.........................................................................................................10 1.1.1: Location and Area ...........................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • TANZANIA OSAKA ALUMNI Best Practices Hand Book 5
    TOA Best Practices Handbook 5 TANZANIA OSAKA ALUMNI Best Practices Hand Book 5 President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, P.O. Box 1923, Dodoma. December, 2017 TOA Best Practices Handbook 5 BEST PRACTICES HAND BOOK 5 (2017) Prepared for Tanzania Osaka Alumni (TOA) by: Paulo Faty, Lecturer, Mzumbe University; Ahmed Nassoro, Assistant Lecturer, LGTI; Michiyuki Shimoda, Senior Advisor, PO-RALG Edited by Liana A. Hassan, TOA Vice Chairperson; Paulo Faty, Lecturer, Mzumbe University; Ahmed Nassoro, Assistant Lecturer, LGTI; Honorina Ng’omba, National Expert, JICA TOA Best Practices Handbook 5 Table of Contents Content Page List of Abbreviations i Foreword iii Preface (TOA) iv Preface (JICA) v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION: LESSONS LEARNT FROM JAPANESE 1 EXPERIENCE CHAPTER TWO: SELF HELP EFFORTS FOR IMPROVED SERVICE 14 DELIVERY Mwanza CC: Participatory Water Hyacinth Control In Lake Victoria 16 Geita DC: Village Self Help Efforts For Improved Service Delivery 24 Chato DC: Community Based Establishment Of Satellite Schools 33 CHAPTER THREE: FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND REVENUE 41 ENHANCEMENT Bariadi DC: Revenue Enhancement for Improved Service delivery 42 CHAPTER FOUR: PARTICIPATORY SERVICE DELIVERY 50 Itilima DC: Community Based Environmental Conservation and Income 53 Generation Misungwi DC: Improving Livelihood and Education For Children With 62 Albinism Musoma DC: Promotion of Community Health Fund for Improved Health 70 Services Bukombe DC: Participatory Water Supply Scheme Management 77 Ngara DC: Participatory Road Opening
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Land Management
    Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in practice in the Kagera Basin Lessons learned for scaling up at landscape level Results of the Kagera Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project (Kagera TAMP) Cover photo: ©FAO / James Batchelor Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in practice in the Kagera Basin Lessons learned for scaling up at landscape level Results of the Kagera Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project (Kagera TAMP) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2017 Recommended citation: FAO 2017. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in practice in the Kagera Basin. Lessons learned for scaling up at landscape level - Results of the Kagera Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project (Kagera TAMP). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 440 pp. First edition, 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109403-7 © FAO 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product.
    [Show full text]
  • Entrepreneurs Or Ekers? Neoliberalism and the Plight of the Youth in Kagera Region, Tanzania
    Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2020: 45-64 Entrepreneurs or Ekers? Neoliberalism and the Plight of the Youth in Kagera Region, Tanzania Lucius Mugisha* & Huruma Luhuvilo Sigalla§ Abstract This paper discusses the socioeconomic conditions that push and pull the youth into entrepreneurial activities in Kagera Region, Tanzania. In so doing, it interrogates the increasingly catchy concepts of necessity entrepreneurs, opportunity entrepreneurs, and interventionist entrepreneurs in the literature on youth (un)employment. The study employs Harvey’s concept of accumulation by dispossession and Foucault’s concept of bi-politics. Data were collected through a case study approach in which 60 youths engaged in entrepreneurial activities were interviewed in Bukoba Municipality and Kyerwa District. Documentary review and observation were also used to collect data. Findings indicate that the decline in agricultural production—especially coffee and bananas—is the main factor that ultimately pushes people from the countryside into urban areas. Lastly, the paper concludes that the bio-political techniques that represent the youth as entrepreneurs, is just an exaggeration: they are merely ekers who struggle to make ends meet. Thus, entrepreneurial skills should be about revitalizing productive activities, which employ most of the people, including youths. Keywords: entrepreneurs, youth, accumulation by dispossession, bio-politics, Kagera Region, Tanzania Introduction and Background Recent data show that the youth constitute 1.8bn of the global population, of which nearly 85% live in developing countries, and constitute 40% of the world’s unemployed people (S4YE, 2014: viii). It is estimated that by 2025 another 1bn youths are expected to join the labour market (ibid.).
    [Show full text]
  • MAONYESHO YA UWEKEZAJI 2019 Final
    MISSENYI DISTRICT 1.0 Introductory notes: Missenyi District is among eight districts in Kagera Region. It was established on 1 st July, 2007 under the Local Government Act No. 7 of 1982, read together with Government Notice No.87 of 2007 after being subdivided from Bukoba District. It covers an area of 2,523 sq. km. It is situated on the west of Lake Victoria between Longitudes 300 48’ and 310 49’ East and Latitudes 1.000 00’ and 10 30’ South. On the northern side, Missenyi District borders with Republic of Uganda, on the east lies Lake Victoria and part of Bukoba District Council. In the south lies Bukoba District while Karagwe District is located in western side Looking at the distribution of the regional economy, Missenyi District Council has the highest per capita GDP in the region, ranging from TZS 2,767,397 in 2013, to TZS 3,068,050 in 2014 and TZS 2,672,439 in 2015 (NBS,2015) 1.1. Population size and growth: Missenyi District population has experienced significant growth in the last decade. It increased by 32.6 percent between 2002 and 2012 from 152,786 people in 2002 Census to 202,632 people per the 2012 Population and Housing Census, resulting in a significant increase of 49,846 people during the inter-census period. Taking into account the growth rate of 3.3% per annum, population size and movement of people both immigration and its fast traffic flow to and from neighboring countries of Rwanda and Uganda, Missenyi District is ideal area for investment in various social economic activities due to ever growing supply of raw materials, labor and market.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices to Vol 4B
    Vote 87 Kagera Region Councils in the Region Council District Councils Code 2002 Bukoba Municipal Council 3074 Karagwe District Council 3075 Biharamulo District Council 3076 Muleba District Council 3077 Bukoba District Council 3078 Ngara District Council 3108 Misenyi District Council 3125 Kyerwa District Council 2 Vote 87 Kagera Region Council Development Budget Summary Local and Foreign 2014/15 Code Council Local Foreign Total 2002 Bukoba Municipal Council 2,484,225,000 2,107,985,000 4,592,210,000 3074 Karagwe District Council 2,872,896,000 1,884,868,000 4,757,764,000 3075 Biharamulo District Council 2,832,888,000 1,738,094,000 4,570,982,000 3076 Muleba District Council 4,005,246,000 2,851,895,000 6,857,141,000 3077 Bukoba District Council 2,524,933,000 1,931,999,000 4,456,932,000 3078 Ngara District Council 3,048,489,000 1,928,622,000 4,977,111,000 3108 Misenyi District Council 1,794,335,000 1,527,653,000 3,321,988,000 3125 Kyerwa District Council 4,617,214,000 1,802,714,000 6,419,928,000 Total 24,180,226,000 15,773,830,000 39,954,056,000 3 Vote 87 Kagera Region Code Description 2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 Actual Expenditure Approved Expenditure Estimates Local Foreign Local Foreign Local Foreign Total Shs. Shs. Shs. 87 Kagera Region 3280 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation 0 2,197,125,000 0 4,576,037,000 0 3,251,652,000 3,251,652,000 4390 Secondary Education Development 0 0 0 1,621,621,000 0 2,595,700,000 2,595,700,000 Programme 4404 District Agriculture Development Support 0 0 0 5,723,406,000 0 0 0 4486 Agriculture Sector Dev.
    [Show full text]
  • Bukoba Municipal Council Socio-Economic Profile, 2015
    United Republic of Tanzania BUKOBA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2015 May 2018 United Republic of Tanzania BUKOBA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2015 Jointly prepared by National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance and Planning, and Bukoba Municipal Council National Bureau of Statistics Bukoba Municipal Council Dar es Salaam Kagera Region May, 2018 Foreword The goals of Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025 are in line with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Among the major goals includes achieving high quality livelihood for the people; to achieve food security; to develop a strong and competitive economy; to combat inequality and empower all women and girls. To manage monitoring the progress in achieving these goals, there is need for availability of timely and accurate statistical information at all levels. Problems occurring in both urban and rural areas are many and challenging. Experience shows that delivery of quality social and economic services requires a continuous and sustainable improvement of strategies through community participation from time to time. Indeed, it must be admitted that high primary school enrolment rates recently attained have to be sustained by using available resources and so is the policy of making sure that all pupils who pass standard seven examinations join Form One. The food situation is still precarious and infant and maternal mortality rates, while showing signs of decline, continue to be high. Unemployment in rural areas triggers mass migration of youths to the already overcrowded urban centers. Health problems due to HIV/AIDS pandemic have been quite severe among the economically active population which hinders efforts to advance smoothly into the 21st century of science and technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Kagera Short of 99,200 School Desks
    Daily News Date: 09.01.2015 Page 5 Article size: 294 cm2 ColumnCM: 65.33 AVE: 274400.0 Kagera short of 99,200 school desks From DAILY NEWS ing bricks, stones and sand to house to house verification, Reporter in Kagera ensure the remaining 50 class­ and arrest parents who will be rooms are completed before found hiding the students. KAGERA Regional Commis­ March, this year. "The government is keen sioner John Mongela has said A total, of 24,501 pupils on ensuring that every child that his region lacks 99,204 who completed Standard Seven gets education. Parents who school desks. This, implies a last year have been selected to will be found hiding students 47 per cent shortage. The RC join Form One, this year im­ will be prosecuted in courts of said this during a recent Re­ plying a 65.68 per cent success law," he warned. gional Consultative Committee in exams. Kagera Regional Mr Kitenga also directed (RCC) meeting. Academic Officer, Fredence teachers to ensure that no stu­ He added that the re­ Serapion told the "Daily News" dent is expelled or punished gion's requirement for desks that a total of 37, 818 pupils at­ for lack of uniform and other in primary schools stood at tempted the exams. school requirements, because 238,080 while those available He noted that out of 24,501 that was the duty of parents and were 138,876 implying a 53.3 students selected for Form One not students. per cent. 11,970 were boys while 12,531 Kyerwa District council in Also, the region's require­ were girls.
    [Show full text]
  • Kagera Region Investment Guide
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT KAGERA REGION INVESTMENT GUIDE The preparation of this guide was supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) 182 Mzinga way/Msasani Road Oyesterbay P.O. Box 9182, Dar es Salaam Tel: (+255-22) 2195000 - 4 ISBN: 978 - 9987 - 664 - 08 - 5 E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.esrftz.or.tz Website: www.tz.undp.org KAGERA REGION INVESTMENT GUIDE | i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................v ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................................vi FOREWORD ..............................................................................................................................................x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................xii DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................................................... xv PART ONE ................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]