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The Relationship Between Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Alnico Alloys
The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties of alnico alloys Citation for published version (APA): Vos, de, K. J. (1966). The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties of alnico alloys. Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR287613 DOI: 10.6100/IR287613 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/1966 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
Studies on Properties of Al–Sic Metal Matrix Composite Material for Making IC Engine Valves
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2018 Vol II WCE 2018, July 4-6, 2018, London, U.K. Studies on Properties of Al–SiC Metal Matrix Composite Material for Making IC Engine Valves Nilamkumar S. Patel, Ashwin D. Patel, Ritesh Kumar Ranjan, Vikas Rai Abstract-Automobile industries are using material substitution the matrix also helps to transfer load among the composite for to build lighter weight, and fuel efficient engines, offering is compound material which differs from alloy due to fact better properties materials of engine components, including that all the individual component retain its characteristic. engine poppet valves and valve seats. Valves and valve seats are very important components that are used at high operating II. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP temperature to control the flow and volumetric efficient at desired level of engine performance. The present work Stir casting process is liquid state processing. It is simple describes that Al-SiC composite as possible alternate materials and flexible process. In this process, there is mixing of with its unique capacity to give required properties for engine matrix and reinforcement. poppet valves and valve seats. Al-SiC MMC is prepared by In this process, reinforcement particles are added into the powder metallurgy and various casting techniques. In the research a composite is developed by stir casting process by molten matrix metal. And then the proper mixture is done using aluminium alloy with silicon carbide Nano particles and by hand stirring as well as Mechanical stirring. And then substitute sintering operation at 600oC temperature for one this mixture is allowed to pour into the mould shape. -
A Review on Comparison of Aluminium Alloy LM-25 with Al/Sic
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 A review on comparison of Aluminium alloy LM-25 with Al/Sic Rahul Ushir1 , Kunal Gandhi2, Gaurav Dahe3, Vijay Bidgar4, Prof. Vishal Thakre5. 1,2,3,4 BE student Mechanical, SND COE & RC, YEOLA, Maharashtra, India 5Prof. Mechanical, SND COE & RC, YEOLA, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract- Many industries suffered a great loss of materials and procedures to decrease the wear of devices manufacturing process due to collapse of manufacturing and designing segments. These incorporate change of mass machines due to wear and fail of lubrication. Friction is main properties of the materials, surface medications and cause of wear and energy dissipation. Improving friction can utilization of covering, and so on. In the course of the most make substantial saving. It is obvious that enormous amount recent couple of years, numerous endeavors have been made of the worlds resources are used to overcome friction in the to comprehend the wear conduct of the surfaces in sliding form or another. Lubrication is an effective means of contact and the instrument, which prompts wear. The controlling wear and reducing friction. Hence, for the survival applications of aluminium and its alloys for the machine of machine wear and friction must be decreased parts are increasing day to day in the industry. However, and/controlled carefully. little has been reported on the wear behaviour of aluminium and its alloys with the addition of grain refiner and modifier. Key words: Silicon Carbide(Sic) , aluminium LM25,scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) , metal PROBLEM DEFINITION: matrix composite ( MMCs) . -
Maec.19 70 (University of London) London
COMPLEX & INCREMENTAL STRESS CREEP OF A HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (ALLOY: HIDUMINIUM RR58 SPECIFICATION DTD 731) by SURINDAR BAHADUR MATHUR Thesis presented in the Department of Mechanical Engineering for the Award of the Doctor of Philosphy in Mechanical Engineering of the University of London. Mechanical Engineering Department Imperial College of Science and Technology mAec.19 70 (University of London) London. ABSTRACT A theory for creep rates under complex and incremental stresses is deduced from experimental data concerning complex creep at elevated temperatures for the test material HIDUMINIUM RR 58 - Specification DID 731. The most important results are for tubular specimens tested at 150°C and 250°C under incremental loads. The analysis of results relates to steady state creep only. Modified relationships in stress equivalence and strain equivalence are proposed to account for thermal softening, polygonization, recrystallization and the resulting exaggerated flow in the direction of the applied shear. (The original equations are based on the hypothesis of Von Mises). A further relationship is suggested between the immediate total energy of distortion and the subsequent creep work rate. Results of the static tests and the results of the tests for creep behaviour under complex loading are presented and compared with the results of static torsion and simple incremental torsion creep tests on the basis of the proposed equations. An appendix describes the complex creep testing machine, furnace, extensometers -
Solidification of Immiscible Alloys Under High Magnetic Field
metals Review Solidification of Immiscible Alloys under High Magnetic Field: A Review Chen Wei 1, Jun Wang 1,*, Yixuan He 1, Jinshan Li 1,* and Eric Beaugnon 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; [email protected] (C.W.); [email protected] (Y.H.) 2 INSA Toulouse, University Grenoble Alpes, University Toulouse Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, LNCMI, 38000 Grenoble, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (J.L.) Abstract: Immiscible alloy is a kind of functional metal material with broad application prospects in industry and electronic fields, which has aroused extensive attention in recent decades. In the solidification process of metallic material processing, various attractive phenomena can be realized by applying a high magnetic field (HMF), including the nucleation and growth of alloys and mi- crostructure evolution, etc. The selectivity provided by Lorentz force, thermoelectric magnetic force, and magnetic force or a combination of magnetic field effects can effectively control the solidification process of the melt. Recent advances in the understanding of the development of immiscible alloys in the solidification microstructure induced by HMF are reviewed. In this review, the immiscible alloy systems are introduced and inspected, with the main focus on the relationship between the migration behavior of the phase and evolution of the solidification microstructure under HMF. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of microstructure evolution caused by the magnetic field and its influence on performance. The ability of HMF to overcome microstructural heterogeneity in the solidification Citation: Wei, C.; Wang, J.; He, Y.; Li, process provides freedom to design and modify new functional immiscible materials with desired J.; Beaugnon, E. -
Exploration of Alnico Permanent Magnet Microstructure And
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2018 Exploration of Alnico permanent magnet microstructure and processing for near final shape magnets with solid-state grain alignment for improved properties Aaron Gregory Kassen Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons, and the Mechanics of Materials Commons Recommended Citation Kassen, Aaron Gregory, "Exploration of Alnico permanent magnet microstructure and processing for near final shape magnets with solid-state grain alignment for improved properties" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16390. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16390 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Exploration of Alnico permanent magnet microstructure and processing for near final shape magnets with solid-state grain alignment for improved properties by Aaron Gregory Kassen A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Materials Science & Engineering Program of Study Committee: Iver E. Anderson, Major Professor Scott Chumbley David C. Jiles Matthew J. Kramer Alan M. Russell The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. -
The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of A356 Aluminium Alloy
SVOA MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ISSN: 2634-5331) Research https://sciencevolks.com/materials-science/ Volume 2 Issue 4 The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of A356 Aluminium Alloy Maftah H. Alkathafi1*, Abdalfattah A. Khalil2, Ayad O. Abdalla3 Affiliations: 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sirte University, Libya 2Materials Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Libya. 3College of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Benghazi-Libya. *Corresponding author: Maftah H. Alkathafi* Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sirte University, Libya Received: December 10, 2020 Published: December 31, 2020 Abstract: In this study a fast-cooling technology is employed for a cast iron mould to prepare cast A356 aluminium alloy by solidifica- tion of the molten metal. The cooling rate is achieved by pouring the molten alloy into a preheating permanent mould at different temperatures (25, 100, 200, 300 and 4000C) for cast samples with 40 mm inside diameter and 200 mm height. The samples considered are analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDS X-ray analysis (EDS). The effects of cooling rate on the morphology of α – aluminum and eutectic silicon of A356 alloy have been studied. The results showed that the dendritic structure of α-phase was broken and converted into a somewhat globular grain structure and the coarse acicular eutectic silicon trend to be broken and converted into short sticks or small rounded in other cases. Keywords: A356 Aluminum alloy, Grain refinement, Cooling rate, SEM, EDS, Microstructure. 1. Introduction Aluminium alloys have attractive physical and mechanical properties. They are lightweight, low costs production, easy to machine and have good recycling possibilities up to 95 % [1]. -
Aluminium Alloy - 6262 - T6 Extrusions
Aluminium Alloy - 6262 - T6 Extrusions SPECIFICATIONS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Commercial 6262 BS EN 573-3:2009 Alloy 6262 EN 6262 Element % Present Magnesium (Mg) 0.80 - 1.20 Aluminium alloy 6262 is a heat treatable alloy with Copper (Cu) 0.15 - 1.40 very good corrosion resistance and strength. Additions of bismuth to the alloy mean that 6262 has excellent Silicon (Si) 0.40 - 0.80 machinability and surface finish. Lead (Pb) 0.40 - 0.70 High-speed steel or carbide tooling can be used to obtain smooth finishes. Heavy cutting requires oil Bismuth (Bi) 0.40 - 0.70 lubricant but light cutting can be done dry. Iron (Fe) 0.0 - 0.70 Alloy 6262 can be used in place of 2011 when higher corrosion resistance and better anodising response is Zinc (Zn) 0.0 - 0.25 required. Chromium (Cr) 0.04 - 0.14 Applications Titanium (Ti) 0.0 - 0.15 6262 is commonly used in the manufacture of: Manganese (Mn) 0.0 - 0.15 Screw machine products Camera parts Others (Total) 0.0 - 0.15 Nuts Other (Each) 0.0 - 0.05 Couplings Aluminium (Al) Balance Marine fittings Decorative hardware and appliance fittings Hinge pins Oil line fittings ALLOY DESIGNATIONS Valves and valve parts Aluminium alloy 6262 also corresponds to the following standard designations and specifications but may not PLEASE NOTE: Due to European Environmental be a direct equivalent: Protection Directives: AA6262 # 2000/53/CE-ELV – For the automotive sector Al 1.0Mg 0.6Si Pb # 2002/95/CE-RoHS – For the electrical and A96262 electronics sector This alloy has been replaced by Alloy 6026 which has a PLEASE NOTE: Due to European Environmental lower Lead content. -
Fatigue Behavior of 2618-T851 Aluminum Alloy Under Uniaxial and Multiaxial Loadings
Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the wor of some Toulouse researchers and ma es it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author's version published in: https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24572 Official URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105322 To cite this version : BenaÕssa, Malek and Mabru, Catherine and Chaussumier, Michel Fatigue behavior of 2618-T851 aluminum alloy under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. (2020) International Journal of Fatigue, 131 (105322). 1-9. ISSN 0142-1123 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] Fatigue behavior of 2618-T851 aluminum alloy under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings ⁎ Benaïssa Malek, Catherine Mabru, Michel Chaussumier Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), UMR CNRS 5312, UPS/INSA/ISAE/ Mines Albi, 3 Rue Caroline Aigle, 31400 Toulouse, France ABSTRACT Keywords: AA2618 aeronautical aluminum alloy has been largely used in the past, especially in well-known Concorde AA2618-T851 aircraft, developed during sixties decade. In more recent aircraft, this alloy has been largely replaced by others Multiaxial fatigue such as 7075 which present greater fatigue resistance. Forgotten for a time, AA2618 comes back in new aircrafts Roughness for structural parts submitted to fatigue loading at high temperature because of only a slight decrease of fatigue Crossland criterion resistance of this alloy compared to room temperature fatigue resistance. In this paper, a complete fatigue characterization of 2618-T851 aluminum alloy is presented: fatigue tests under uniaxial tensile or torsion cyclic loadings, with mean tensile or shear stress have been realized; fatigue tests under combined tensile-torsion, in or out-of-phase have also been conducted as well as some combined tensile-torsion-internal pressure fatigue tests. -
Development of Radically Enhanced Alnico Magnets (Dream) for Traction Drive Motors Iver E
Development of Radically Enhanced alnico Magnets (DREaM) for Traction Drive Motors Iver E. Anderson (PI) Matthew J. Kramer (Co-PI) Ames Laboratory (USDOE) June 19, 2018 Project ID # ELT015 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Overview Barriers & Targets* . High energy density permanent magnets (PM) needed for compact, and power Timeline density >50 kW/L). Reduced cost (<$3.3/kW): Efficient (>94%) • Start – October 2014 motors require aligned magnets with net- shape and simplified mass production. • Finish - September 2018 . RE Minerals: Rising prices of rare earth 85% Complete (RE) elements, price instability, and looming shortage, especially Dy. Performance & Lifetime: High temperature Budget tolerance (180-200˚C) and long life (15 yrs.) needed for magnets in PM motors. • Total funding - DOE share 100% • FY 17 Funding - $1400K Partners • Baldor, Carpenter, U. Wisconsin, • FY 18 (plan) Funding - $700K NREL, Ford, GM, UQM, (collaborators) • ORNL, U. Nebraska, Arnold Magnetic Tech. (DREaM subcontractors) • Project lead: Ames Lab *2025 VT Targets 2 Project Relevance/Objectives To meet 2025 goals for enhanced specific power, power density, and reduced (stable) cost with mass production capability for advanced electric drive motors, improved alloys and processing of permanent magnets (PM) must be developed. Likely rising RE cost trend and unpredictable import quotas (by China) for RE supplies (particularly Dy) motivates this research effort to improve (Fe-Co)-based alnico permanent magnet alloys (with reduced Co) and processing methods to achieve high magnetic strength (especially coercivity) for high torque drive motors. Objectives for the fully developed PM material: Provide competitive performance in advanced drive motors, compared to IPM motors with RE-PM. -
Tribological Behavior and Hardness Properties of Heat Treated Al 7075-Beryl-Graphene Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-3, September 2019 Tribological Behavior and Hardness Properties of Heat Treated Al 7075-Beryl-Graphene Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Shanawaz Patil, Mohamed Haneef mirror frames, house members, serving trays and cooking Abstract— The emerging technologies and trends of the utensils. Even in the field of engineering applications, the present generation require downsizing the unwieldy structures to aluminum and its alloys plays vigorous role as an aerospace, lightweight structures. Aluminum matrix composites are tailored space, and automotive components material of increasing candidate materials for aerospace applications due to their outstanding greater strength to weight ratio and low wear rate. In value because of its properties which includes diverse range this study, Al7075 alloy-Beryl-Graphene hybrid composites are of uses are appearance, lightweight and has a low density of developed by using stir casting process. Graphene weight range 2.7 to 2.8 gm/cm3 which is almost one-third of steel percentage was varied from 0 wt. % to 2 wt. % in steps of 0.5 wt. %. (7.83 gmcm3)[-,5]. One of the foremost usually used metal Whereas for Beryl 6 wt. % is used thorough out the study. The alloy for structural application is Al7075 due to its enticing casted specimens were heat-treated at T6 solutionizing wide-ranging properties like low density, improved strength, temperature of 530±5oC for 8 hours. After the heat treatment the specimen are quenched in boiling Water and Ice. The ductility, toughness, and resistance to fatigue. Al7075 alloy microstructure of the newly developed hybrid MMCs has been has been extensively used in aircraft structure elements and investigated by TEM and SEM. -
A Survey of Al7075 Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 A Survey of Al7075 Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Rajendra .S .K1, Ramesha .C .M2 1Research Scholar, Jain University, Bengaluru, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Abstract:A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically distinct and insoluble phases; its properties and structural performance are superior to those of the constituents acting independently. Metals and ceramics, as well, can be embedded with particles or fibers, to improve their properties; these combinations are known as Metal-Matrix composites. Aluminum 7075 alloy constitutes a very important engineering material widely employed in the aircraft and aerospace industry for the manufacturing of different parts and components. It is due to its high strength to density ratio that it a sought after metal matrix composite. In this paper we present a survey of Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s), Aluminium Metal Matrix, Beryl, Al7075, Aluminium alloy 1. Introduction Aluminium alloy 7075 is an aluminium alloy, with zinc as the primary alloying element. It is strong, with a strength The effects of research in Aluminium based Metal Matrix comparable to many steels, and has good fatigue strength and Composites (MMC’s) are far reaching these days. These average machinability, but has less resistance to corrosion composites find various applications in the automobile than many other Al alloys. Its relatively high cost limits its industry, the aerospace industry and in defence and marine use to applications where cheaper alloys are not suitable.