Haunting Fear
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O-Iwa's Curse
O-Iwa’s Curse Apparitions and their After-Effects in the Yotsuya kaidan Saitō Takashi 齋藤 喬 Nanzan Institute for Religion & Culture In traditional Japanese theater, ghosts appear in the shadowlands between the visible and the invisible. They often try to approach those who harmed or abused them in life to seek revenge with the aid of supernatural powers. In such scenes, the dead are visible as a sign of impending doom only to those who are the target of their revenge. An examination of the Yotsuya kaidan, one of the most famous ghost stories in all of Japanese literature, is a case in point. The story is set in the Edo period, where the protagonist, O-Iwa, is reputed to have put a curse on those around her with catastrophic results. Her legend spread with such effect that she was later immortalized in a Shinto shrine bearing her name. In a word, so powerful and awe-inspiring was her curse that she not only came to be venerated as a Shinto deity but was even memorialized in a Buddhist temple. There is no doubt that a real historical person lay behind the story, but the details of her life have long since been swallowed up in the mists of literary and artistic imagination. In this article, I will focus on the rakugo (oral performance) version of the tale (translated into English by James S. de Benneville in 1917) and attempt to lay out the logic of O-Iwa’s apparitions from the viewpoint of the narrative. ho is O-Iwa? This is the name of the lady of Tamiya house, which appeared in the official documents of Tokugawa Shogunate. -
The Funeral of Mr. Wang Was Typical
6 Of Rules and Regulations Governing Mourning Grief involves the loss of a social relationship that had served as an anchor. This loss disorients. Not knowing what to do, the grief-stricken want to be showed what to do, told what to do. A standardized ritual to follow step by step and a person to guide one through it can help. In the language of “governmentality” theorists, grief is a time to be governed, whether this governing is to be done by familial elders, religious specialists, secular ritual practitioners, or government employees.1 In this regard, the funeral of Mr. Wang was typical. Mr. Wang’s children, espe- cially his younger daughter, were exhausted from the extra work of caring for their father during his dying days. In this period, the children avoided discussing death. While they told the middle daughter to return from England, too much talk of dying and funerals would have made it seem like they had abandoned all hope of a cure and were wishing their father dead. Mr. Wang himself was never directly told of his prognosis. When death occurred, the children were exhausted, bereaved, and unprepared. They needed someone to tell them how to proceed. A little nudge from their helper led them to Mr. Chen. They were more than happy to have him to guide them through the process. While all rituals might involve standardized procedure, funerals especially are times for limiting choice. Here a contrast with weddings illuminates. In modern marriages, choice is a necessary component. When the Communist Party came to power in 1949, it banned purely arranged marriages. -
Gothic Riffs Anon., the Secret Tribunal
Gothic Riffs Anon., The Secret Tribunal. courtesy of the sadleir-Black collection, University of Virginia Library Gothic Riffs Secularizing the Uncanny in the European Imaginary, 1780–1820 ) Diane Long hoeveler The OhiO STaTe UniverSiT y Press Columbus Copyright © 2010 by The Ohio State University. all rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data hoeveler, Diane Long. Gothic riffs : secularizing the uncanny in the european imaginary, 1780–1820 / Diane Long hoeveler. p. cm. includes bibliographical references and index. iSBn-13: 978-0-8142-1131-1 (cloth : alk. paper) iSBn-10: 0-8142-1131-3 (cloth : alk. paper) iSBn-13: 978-0-8142-9230-3 (cd-rom) 1. Gothic revival (Literature)—influence. 2. Gothic revival (Literature)—history and criticism. 3. Gothic fiction (Literary genre)—history and criticism. i. Title. Pn3435.h59 2010 809'.9164—dc22 2009050593 This book is available in the following editions: Cloth (iSBn 978-0-8142-1131-1) CD-rOM (iSBn 978-0-8142-9230-3) Cover design by Jennifer Shoffey Forsythe. Type set in adobe Minion Pro. Printed by Thomson-Shore, inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the american national Standard for information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSi Z39.48-1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is for David: January 29, 2010 Riff: A simple musical phrase repeated over and over, often with a strong or syncopated rhythm, and frequently used as background to a solo improvisa- tion. —OED - c o n t e n t s - List of figures xi Preface and Acknowledgments xiii introduction Gothic Riffs: songs in the Key of secularization 1 chapter 1 Gothic Mediations: shakespeare, the sentimental, and the secularization of Virtue 35 chapter 2 Rescue operas” and Providential Deism 74 chapter 3 Ghostly Visitants: the Gothic Drama and the coexistence of immanence and transcendence 103 chapter 4 Entr’acte. -
Syphilis and Theories of Contagion Curtis V
Syphilis and Theories of Contagion Curtis V. Smith, Doctoral Candidate Professor of Biological Sciences Kansas City Kansas Community College Abstract Syphilis provides a useful lens for peering into the history of early modern European medicine. Scholarly arguments about how diseases were transmitted long preceded certain scientific information about the etiology or cause of disease in the late 19th century. Compared to the acute and widely infectious nature of bubonic plague, which ravaged Europe in the mid-15th century, syphilis was characterized by the prolonged chronic suffering of many beginning in the early 16th century. This study reveals the historical anachronisms and the discontinuity of medical science focusing primarily on the role of Girolamo Fracastoro (1478-1553) and others who influenced contagion theory. Examination of contagion theory sheds light on perceptions about disease transmission and provides useful distinctions about descriptive symptoms and pathology. I. Introduction Treponema pallidum is a long and tightly coiled bacteria discovered to be the cause of syphilis by Schaudinn and Hoffman on March 3, 1905. The theory of contagion, or how the disease was transmitted, was vigorously debated in Europe as early as the sixteenth century. Scholarly arguments about how diseases were transmitted long preceded scientific information about the etiology or cause of disease. The intense debate about syphilis was the result of a fearsome epidemic in Europe that raged from 1495-1540. Compared to the Black Death, which had a short and sudden acute impact on large numbers of people one hundred and fifty years earlier, syphilis was characterized by the prolonged chronic suffering of many. -
Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan
Legalised Pedigrees: Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan SIMON WOLFGANG FUCHS Abstract This article draws on a wide range of Shiʽi periodicals and monographs from the s until the pre- sent day to investigate debates on the status of Sayyids in Pakistan. I argue that the discussion by reform- ist and traditionalist Shiʽi scholars (ʽulama) and popular preachers has remained remarkably stable over this time period. Both ‘camps’ have avoided talking about any theological or miracle-working role of the Prophet’s kin. This phenomenon is remarkable, given the fact that Sayyids share their pedigree with the Shiʽi Imams, who are credited with superhuman qualities. Instead, Shiʽi reformists and traditionalists have discussed Sayyids predominantly as a specific legal category. They are merely entitled to a distinct treatment as far as their claims to charity, patterns of marriage, and deference in daily life is concerned. I hold that this reductionist and largely legalising reading of Sayyids has to do with the intense competition over religious authority in post-Partition Pakistan. For both traditionalist and reformist Shiʽi authors, ʽulama, and preachers, there was no room to acknowledge Sayyids as potential further competitors in their efforts to convince the Shiʽi public about the proper ‘orthodoxy’ of their specific views. Keywords: status of Sayyids; religious authority in post-Partition Pakistan; ahl al-bait; Shiʻi Islam Bashir Husain Najafi is an oddity. Today’s most prominent Pakistani Shiʽi scholar is counted among Najaf’s four leading Grand Ayatollahs.1 Yet, when he left Pakistan for Iraq in in order to pursue higher religious education, the deck was heavily stacked against him. -
The Angnasheotik: an Account of the Invention of a Spiritual Entity Among the Ungava Eskimos
Short Papers and Notes THE ANGNASHEOTIK: AN AC- an immediate personal judgement after COUNT OF THEINVENTION OF A death. SPIRITUALENTITY AMONG THE Where culture contact does not pro- UNGAVA ESKIMOS duce great stress, diffusion of religious The reactions of primitive peoples to beliefsmay go on either way.In contact with the western culture take a extreme instances the whole system of multitude of forms and involve a large religious beliefmay be transformed number of variables from both of the without anyvery evident changes in cultures concerned.Among the most other areas of the culture. In Samoa, for interesting are reactions that are evi- example, the congregational formof the denced in the realm of belief about the Christian religion was so exactly com- supernatural world. These may comein plementary to the existingeconomic, various ways and take various forms. political and social patterns that they If, for example, there is an active mis- underwent very little change on adop- sionaryeffort to transmit christian tion. belief, the response may vary from total Other kinds of response are observa- conversion and complete abandonment ble whenculture contact producesstress of old beliefs, or the fusion (or confu- in, or even disruption of, native society sion) of Christian and native beliefs, to and culture. These appear to take two the incorporation of some new element forms (a) theattempt to rationalize new in a native disguise. Where there is no and often painful experience with the missionary activity, conversion, even of use of familiar concepts about the su- single persons is understandably rare. pernatural or (b) the invention of new However, diffusion of aspects of chris- beliefsinvolving thesupernatural tian beliefeven to the pointwhere world. -
The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Featured Research Undergraduate Student Research Spring 2015 The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World Kyle Morgan Pepperdine University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/sturesearch Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Morgan, Kyle, "The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World" (2015). Pepperdine University, Featured Research. Paper 93. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/sturesearch/93 This Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Student Research at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Featured Research by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 1 The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World. The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World. Kyle Morgan Pepperdine University 2 The Curse of Fortune; Responding to Luck Objections in an Uncooperative World. Abstract The consensus scientific view holds that our world is indeterministic at the micro level, but practically deterministic at all other levels. In an indeterministic world, live alternative possibilities at the moment of decision render it impossible for agents to guarantee what they will choose; regardless of their personality and deliberative processes. Critics of indeterminist free will argue that this lack of a necessary connection between mental state and choice makes the ultimate decision fundamentally a matter of luck. As such, indeterminism opens free will up to potential problems of present luck. -
Past Life Regression
Past Life Regression Past life regression is a technique that uses hypnosis to recover the memories of past lives or incarnations. Past-life regression is typically undertaken either in pursuit of a spiritual experience, or in a psychotherapeutic setting. Most advocates loosely adhere to beliefs about reincarnation, though religious traditions that incorporate reincarnation generally do not include the idea of repressed memories of past lives. The technique used during past-life regression involves the subject answering a series of questions while hypnotized to reveal identity and events of their past lives. The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to help the subject to recall his past memories. The source of the memories is more likely that of combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist or regression therapist. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life. Experiments with subjects undergoing past-life regression indicate that a belief in reincarnation and suggestions by the hypnotist are the two most important factors regarding the contents of memories reported. In the 2nd century BC, Sage Patanjali, in his Yoga Sutras, discussed the idea of the soul becoming burdened with an accumulation of impressions as part of the karma from previous lives. Patanjali called the process of past-life regression “prati- prasav”or "reverse birthing" and saw it as addressing current problems through memories of past lives. Past life regression can be found in Jainism. The seven truths of Jainism deal with the soul and its attachment to karma and Moksha. -
Phobia Exposure Therapy
ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2016 A Cost Effective Approach towards Virtual Reality: Phobia Exposure Therapy Tejas Parab1, Deepankar Pawar2, Akshay Chaudhari3 Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India1, 2, 3 Abstract: Advances in the field of 3D graphics and the increase in computing power, the real-time visual rendering of a virtual world is possible in real world. Virtual reality provides new techniques of visualization, composing on the strengths of visual representations. In some instances, virtual reality can provide more accurately the detailing of some features, processes, and so forth than by other means, which allows it to perform extreme close-up examination of an object, observation from a great distance, and examination of areas and events unavailable by other means. Virtual reality exposure therapy is highly used in order to treat PTSD with a success rate of over 70%. Building further on this, we would be providing environments for phobias as varied as acrophobia, phasmophobia, nyctophobia. These environments would be developed on an android device and using a virtual reality headset based on Google cardboard we would carry out the virtual reality simulation. The three chosen phobias are the most widely recognized phobias whereas an android device is used since it has the largest user base in the world. The main aim of our application is to provide Virtual reality therapy apparatus at cheap and affordable rates without compensating on the quality to various therapists in order to expedite the treatment of patients. -
The Literary Composition and Function of Paul's Letter to the Galatians1
1 THE LITERARY COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF PAUL’S LETTER TO THE GALATIANS1 Hans Dieter Betz When discussing commentaries friends have repeatedly suggested to me that the commentary genre is at present not the most creative format within which to work. This may or may not be true, but the enterprise certainly provides for some strange experiences. It has been my experience that things go smoothly as long as one does not ask too many questions. The present paper, however, is the preliminary out- come of asking too many questions about how to arrive at an “outline” of the letter to the Galatians. Nearly all commentaries and Introductions to the New Testament con- tain such an outline, table of contents, or paraphrase of the argument. However, de- spite an extensive search, I have not been able to find any consideration given to possible criteria and methods for determining such an outline. In the process of my studies I also found that the letter to the Galatians can be analyzed according to Greco-Roman rhetoric and epistolography. Apparently, this has never been realized before, with the possible exception of Joseph Barber Light- foot. In his still valuable commentary he has an outline in which he uses the term “narrative” for the first two chapters, “argumentative” for chapters 3 and 4, and “hor- tatory” for 5:1–6:10. These are indeed the proper terms, if we analyze the letter ac- cording to Greco-Roman rhetoric, but Lightfoot never betrays whether or not he was aware of this fact.2 German scholarship at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century was sharply divided on the question of how to classify Paul’s letters, whether to classify them as literary or non-literary, and whether or not to assume influences of Hellenistic rhetoric. -
The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism During the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods 1884-1920
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2011 The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism during the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods 1884-1920. Walter Joseph Stucke East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Stucke, Walter Joseph, "The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism during the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods 1884-1920." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1338. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1338 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism during the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods, 1884-1920 _______________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History _______________ by Walter J. Stucke August 2011 _______________ Dr. Henry Antkiewicz, Chair Dr. William Burgess Dr. Dale Schmitt Keywords: Protestantism, Christianity, Missionaries, Nationalism, Korea, Late Choson Dynasty, Japanese Annexation, March First Movement ABSTRACT The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism during the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods, 1884-1920 by Walter J. -
The Power of Voodoo
HIST/ANTH 442 The Power of Voodoo Voodoo’s Effect on the Haitian African Diaspora (Name Removed) 2013 CSUCI L ast Name | 1 The Power of Voodoo: Voodoo’s Effect on the Haitian African Diaspora Voodoo has been a powerful force in the lives of innumerable people of African descent, both positively and negatively. One of its largest groups of adherents resides in Haiti, where Voodoo is practiced by close to 5 million people, which accounts for nearly half of the population. Voodoo is a true syncretism; a mix of the worship of the gods their West African ancestors observed from ancient times and the worship of the Catholic saints that the slaves were taught in the New World. Its strongest influence came from the West African kingdom of Dahomey, and the word “voodoo” itself means a “god, spirit, or sacred object” in the Dahomean language (Wilmeth, 28). Voodoo brings a community together, remembering and honoring those that came before, but it also tends to create fear in outsiders who don’t understand it. Its demise has been predicted many times due to the “anti-superstitious persecution it aroused,” but it holds together against all the pressure against it and is practiced around the world to this day (Dominique, 104). L ast Name | 2 The positive effects of Voodoo on the diaspora are more obvious than the negative. When the anthropologist Katherine Dunham visited Haiti to observe the Haitian peoples’ lives and practices, Voodoo provided her with “a sense of ethnic ‘belonging’ that she never possessed before (Gelder, 92).” Levi-Strauss thinks of Voodoo as a social force, and believes it has the ability to hold a society together.