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Tajikistan Disaster Risk Profile Emergency and Disaster Reports 2018; 5 (3): 3-48 Emergency and Disaster Reports ISSN 2340-9932 Vol 5, Num 3, 2018 Monographic issue Tajikistan Disaster Risk Profile Zaripova Manizha Emergency and Disaster Reports 2018; 5 (3): 3-48 Letter from the editors The Emergency and Disaster Reports is a journal edited by the Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster of the Department of Medicine of the University of Oviedo aimed to introduce research papers, monographic reviews and technical reports related to the fields of Medicine and Public Health in the contexts of emergency and disaster. Both situations are events that can deeply affect the health, the economy, the environment and the development of the affected populations. The topics covered by the journal include a wide range of issues related to the different dimensions of the phenomena of emergency and disaster, ranging from the study of the risk factors, patterns of frequency and distribution, characteristics, impacts, prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, humanitarian aid, standards of intervention, operative research, recovery, rehabilitation, resilience and policies, strategies and actions to address these phenomena from a risk reduction approach. In the last thirty years has been substantial progress in the above mentioned areas in part thanks to a better scientific knowledge of the subject. The aim of the journal is to contribute to this progress facilitating the dissemination of the results of research in this field. This monographic issue is about disaster risk profile of Tajikistan. Tajikistan is in South-east part of Central Asia and is a former republic of the Soviet Union. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Tajikistan has an area of 143,100 square kilometers, of which 400 square kilometers is water. Tajikistan is prone to many types of natural hazards, including floods, mudflows, landslides (mudslides), epidemics, drought, earthquakes, avalanches, insect infestation and wind storm. According to the World Bank, each year Tajikistan experiences around 50,000 landslides, some 5,000 tremors and earthquakes, and hundreds of avalanches and debris flows. The present monographic issue assessed the impact of the main natural disasters happened during the last 50 years (1966 – 2016) and the national disaster prevention and response strategies. Prof. Pedro Arcos, Prof. Rafael Castro, Dr. Alexandre Zerbo Editors, Emergency and Disaster Reports Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster Department of Medicine. University of Oviedo Campus del Cristo 33006 Oviedo –Spain www.uniovi.net/uied Emergency and Disaster Reports 2018; 5 (3): 3-48 Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Summery ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1 COUNTRY OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Location and geography .................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Climate .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Economy ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 6 2 OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 8 3 NATURAL HAZARDS AND VULNERABILI .............................................................................................. 9 3.1 Hazards .............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Earthquakes ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Landslides ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.4 Floods and mudflows ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Snow avalanches ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.6 Epidemic .......................................................................................................................................... 12 3.7 Heavy snowfall and rainfall ............................................................................................................. 12 3.8 Dust storms ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.9 Hailstones ........................................................................................................................................ 13 4 TOP MAJOR DISASTERS AND IMPACTS ............................................................................................. 14 5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 22 5.1 Legal system, legal framework ........................................................................................................ 22 5.2 Structure of disaster management ................................................................................................. 22 5.3 Priority on disaster risk management ............................................................................................. 23 6 DISASTER MANAHMENT PLAN ......................................................................................................... 24 7 BUDGET SIZE ON NATIONAL LEVEL ................................................................................................... 25 8 PROGRESS AND SITUATION OF THE HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION(HFA) .................................. 26 8.1 Identification, assessment and monitoring of risks in emergency situations ................................. 27 8.2 Reduction of the basic risk factors .................................................................................................. 28 8.3 Enhancement of disaster preparedness for effective actions ......................................................... 28 8.4 International cooperation ............................................................................................................... 28 9 PROJECTS ON DISASTER REDUCTION HEADED BY THE MINISTRY ...................................................... 30 10 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................................................................. 31 10.1 Land degradation ............................................................................................................................ 31 10.2 Water and sanitation ....................................................................................................................... 31 10.3 Lake Sarez – Time Bomb .................................................................................................................. 32 10.4 Glacial melt ....................................................................................................................................... 41 11 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Referense ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 1 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2018; 5 (3): 3-48 Abbreviations RT Republic of Tajikistan UNDP United Nations Development Programme GDP Gross Domestic Product RAOUES Unified Energy System of Russia WHO World Health Organization UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program GBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region IFRC The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies REACT Rapid Emergency Assessment and Coordination Team NGO Non-Governmental Organization MoES The Ministry of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense ISDR The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children's Emergency Fund UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees WFP World Food Programme IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs GIS Geographic Information System USGS United States Geological Survey GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map 2 Emergency and Disaster Reports 2018; 5 (3): 3-48 Summery Tajikistan is a beautiful land-locked mountainous country in Central Asia. It is rich in history and culture, and is home to thousands of glaciers and glacial lakes, small and large rivers that provide water to neighbouring Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, fertile valleys
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