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Operation Cast Lead” in Mobilizing Palestinian Action 1 Julia Fitzpatrick

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Operation Cast Lead” in Mobilizing Palestinian Action 1 Julia Fitzpatrick The Fletcher School Online Journal for issues related to Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization Spring 2011 Gaza on Their Minds: The Effect of “Operation Cast Lead” in Mobilizing Palestinian Action 1 Julia Fitzpatrick On December 27, 2008, Israeli armed forces Lead” was a reminder of the splintered nature of launched air raids on the Gaza Strip. In what the Palestinian national community in the face of Israeli military officials coined, “Operation Cast continued occupation, evident in the increasing Lead,” Israeli forces attacked the Gaza Strip with political separation of the Gaza Strip from the twenty-three days of aerial assaults and ground West Bank. 3 incursions in an effort to weaken Hamas’ power This paper seeks to address the following in Gaza and to bring an end to Hamas rockets questions: to what extent does the political, fired into Israel. “Operation Cast Lead” was not economic and social isolation of the Gaza Strip the first Israeli attack in the Gaza Strip since affect its place in a larger Palestinian national Hamas seized power in 2007, but it was the consciousness, especially among Palestinians in largest Israeli military campaign since the Second Israel and the West Intifada and was reported to have caused the Bank who are the “Operation Cast Lead” highest rates of casualties and injuries in a single physically closest was not the first Israeli 2 day since 1948. The Arab press decried Israel’s Palestinians to their attack in the Gaza Strip assault and described it as one of the worst attacks Gazan kin? Do against Palestinians since the creation of Israel in Palestinians in Israel since Hamas seized 1948, what Palestinians call the “ nakba ,” or and in the West power in 2007, but it was catastrophe. Populations in Arab countries took to Bank continue to the largest Israeli military the streets to protest Israel’s actions and their own identify with those campaign since the governments’ complicity in them, with Palestinians living Second Intifada and was contentious demonstrations occurring in Jordan in Gaza as part of and Egypt, the only two Arab countries having their own people, reported to have caused formal peace agreements with Israel. But for and, particularly for the highest rates of Palestinians citizens of Israel (who are also called West Bankers, as casualties and injuries in Arab Israelis or Arab citizens of Israel), or in the part of the national a single day since 1948. Israeli-occupied West Bank, “Operation Cast project of a future Palestinian state? Julia Fitzpatrick, MALD 2012, is a first year student Exploring Palestinian responses in Israel and at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Before in the West Bank to “Operation Cast Lead” coming to Fletcher, Julia worked for several years in reveals how solidarity with the people of Gaza international development and humanitarian relief in remains a central feature of collective Palestinian the Palestinian Territories. identity and national resistance, despite Gaza’s © The Fletcher School – al Nakhlah – Tufts University 160 Packard Avenue – Medford, MA 02155-7082 USA – Tel: +1.617.627.3700 2 al Nakhlah 6 physical and political isolation from the West Israeli policy.” Gaza saw the building of Israeli Bank and from the Palestinian diaspora. More settlements after 1967; Gazan residents also specifically, political statements and protest experienced some of the most repressive policies activity regarding Gaza among Palestinian of control under the Israeli occupation and in citizens of Israel reveal greater unity between response to Palestinian resistance during the mass public opinion and political leadership in Second Intifada , including thirteen percent more 7 the Palestinian community in Israel when deaths compared to the West Bank. Hamas’ compared to political statements and protest ascent to power in the 2006 Palestinian activity of Palestinians in the West Bank and the parliamentary elections and its subsequent leadership of the Palestinian Authority (PA). seizure of control in the Gaza Strip facilitated Overall, internal political divisions hampered a fragmentation of the Palestinian community in the strong response to “Operation Cast Lead” in the political arena. It also resulted in increased Israeli West Bank, a reflection of greater challenges to closures of the Gaza Strip and tighter restrictions incorporating solidarity with Gaza into the in the West Bank, including “increased security political platforms of the Palestinian community operations,” restrictions of movement between in the West Bank. Israel and the West Bank for foreign passport holders, and reestablished roadblocks and INCREASING ISOLATION OF THE GAZA STRIP checkpoints that had been previously dismantled. The Gaza Strip was of tangential interest to Today, the Gaza Strip is isolated in three the international community for a long time with distinct ways: through policies of the Israeli regard to the occupied Palestinian territories, and occupation, which govern border crossings and is often referred to as the “stepchild of the West an economic blockade on the Strip; through 4 Bank” or “the forgotten man of the Middle East.” Palestinian politics, with the rise of Hamas to The center of the Palestinian power in Gaza, political national movement has [The Gaza Strip was of tension and competition traditionally focused elsewhere, tangential interest to the with Fatah (and the whether in Beirut or Ramallah, international community for Palestinian Authority) in although the movement’s battles a long time with regard to the Ramallah, and its increasing were often fought on the streets perception as an Islamist of Gaza. But the deteriorating occupied Palestinian entity; and through the humanitarian conditions and the territories, and is often deteriorating humanitarian process of “de-development” in referred to as the “stepchild situation in the Strip and the Strip, as noted by scholar of the West Bank” or “the the politics of humanitarian Sarah Roy, provides the forgotten man of the Middle aid policies. Israel’s international community with a East.” disengagement from its testing ground for economic settlements in Gaza also development and humanitarian played a role in separating aid despite its constantly evolving political Palestinians in the West Bank and in Gaza, as the 5 circumstances and leadership. population of Gaza became “effectively sealed in, In the Palestinian national psyche, however, and the national dismemberment of the Gaza remains a key symbol of national resistance. Palestinians, long a cornerstone of Israeli policy, This is partially due to Israeli treatment of the has been achieved, at least with regard to the Strip and an Israeli policy of physical separation West Bank and Gaza” in the aftermath of the of Palestinians in the West Bank from those in disengagement. Gaza. As Sara Roy points out, “it is important to Israel has control over most official examine the Gaza Strip as a separate entity movement of goods and people in and out of the because the Strip, more than any of the territories Gaza Strip through its established border occupied by Israel, provides a stark clarification of crossings and transport sites, despite its the intentions as well as the consequences of withdrawal from settlements in 2005. Palestinians © The Fletcher School – al Nakhlah – Tufts University Fall 2007 3 11 in Gaza are not able to leave the Strip through Gaza. Several major donor states, such as the Israeli-administered borders without permission United States, officially label Hamas a terrorist from the Israeli army. There is another crossing organization and prevent aid activities from for Palestinians at the Rafah border, which allows benefiting the Hamas government in any way. for some movement of persons across the border American aid agencies, for example, must comply of Gaza with Egypt. Egyptian and Palestinian with U.S. legislation on anti-terrorist financing authorities claim that the crossing is open every and the Patriot Act, which makes it illegal for any day for people to cross; however, in practice aid organization to provide “material support” to Egyptian authorities under the Mubarak regime known terrorist have kept the border closed with only periodic organizations. Due The Gaza Strip is also openings since Hamas came to power in Gaza. 8 to the fact that increasingly seen as a Local Gazan businessmen and Hamas officials Hamas is the humanitarian crisis to operate the now infamous underground tunnels governing authority solve rather than part of between Egypt and Gaza at Rafah to illegally in Gaza with whom transport goods into the Gaza Strip, including aid agencies must the larger project of weapons. 9 Gazans rely on these imports from coordinate for long- Palestinian political and Israel and Egypt to fill Gaza’s stores and markets; term development economic development. the lack of trade and of free movement of goods projects, the space has crippled Gaza’s economy. for aid activities is The fragmentation of the PA government reduced to primarily humanitarian relief. In between the Gaza Strip, led by Hamas, and the addition, Israeli policies increasingly restrict the West Bank, led by Palestinian Authority President movement of foreign aid workers into the Gaza Mahmoud Abbas, has isolated Palestinians in Strip from Israel, limiting the ability of the Gaza from Palestinians in the West Bank and from international community to conduct operations 12 the international community. After Hamas came there. As a result, major donor states to power in Gaza, the political orientation of both increasingly channel bilateral aid through the territories seemed to head in opposite directions, Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, who is as if in direct competition with one another. also seen as the trustworthy partner for the broad project of Palestinian development and for future According to Moin Rabbani, Abbas’ West Bank 13 model sought to accept the reality of the current status negotiations. situation and work with international sponsorship Indeed, even those working within the to achieve a set of priorities acceptable to the humanitarian aid community recognize the international community, while Hamas’ Gaza danger of these strategies.
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