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Arquivos Entomolóxicos, 15: 321-336

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Arquivos Entomolóxicos, 15: 321-336 ISSN: 1989-6581 Outerelo et al. (2016) www.aegaweb.com/arquivos_entomoloxicos ARQUIVOS ENTOMOLÓXICOS, 15: 321-336 ARTIGO / ARTÍCULO / ARTICLE Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) del Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz (Navarra, norte de España). Raimundo Outerelo 1, Purificación Gamarra 2, Antonio F. San Martín 3 y José I. Recalde 4 1 Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Biología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. E-28040 MADRID. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro Superior Estudios Universitarios La Salle-UAM. c/ La Salle, 10. E-28023 MADRID. e-mail: [email protected] 3 Travesía Jesús Guridi, 3–4º Izq. E-31005 Pamplona-Iruña (NAVARRA). e-mail: [email protected] 4 c/ Andreszar, 21. E-31610 Villava-Atarrabia (NAVARRA). e-mail: [email protected] Resumen: Se han estudiado 155 individuos de 34 especies de estafilínidos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) del Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz, capturados durante un muestreo de coleopterofauna saproxílica. De ellas, 16 son novedades para la Comunidad Foral de Navarra (norte de España). Cuatro especies (12%), Quedius mesomelinus (Marsham, 1802), Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst, 1802), Eusphalerum robustum (Heer, 1839) y Sepedophilus bipustulatus (Gravenhorst, 1802), supusieron casi el 62% de los individuos, mientras que 22 (65% de las especies) sólo estuvieron representadas por uno o dos individuos. Más del 50% de las especies censadas son saproxílicas y un 12% ripícolas. La mayor parte de las especies son generalistas en lo referente a nicho ecológico, con la excepción de algunos elementos florícolas, ripícolas y saproxílicos habitantes de oquedades de frondosas. Predominan los corotipos de rango geográfico amplio o muy amplio, siendo pocos los elementos de distribución regional. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, nuevas citas, Bértiz, Navarra, España, Península Ibérica. Abstract: Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Señorío de Bértiz Natural Park (Navarre, North Spain). 155 individuals of 34 species of rove beetles from Señorío de Bértiz Natural Park collected during a sampling of saproxylic coleopteran fauna, have been studied. Of them, 16 are new for the region of Navarra (North Spain). Four species (12%), Quedius mesomelinus (Marsham, 1802), Bisnius fimetarius (Gravenhorst, 1802), Eusphalerum robustum (Heer, 1839), and Sepedophilus bipustulatus (Gravenhorst, 1802), represented almost 62% of the individuals whereas for 22 species (65%) only one two individuals were collected. More than 50% of the recorded species are saproxylic and 12% ripicolous. Regarding the ecological niche, most of the species are generalists, with the exception of some floricolous, ripicolous, and saproxylic elements inhabiting tree hollows. Dominant chorotypes are those of wide or very wide geographical range, being few the elements showing a regional distribution range. Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, new records, Bértiz, Navarre, Spain, Iberian Peninsula. Recibido: 11 de abril de 2016 Publicado on-line: 8 de mayo de 2016 Aceptado: 20 de abril de 2016 Introducción En los años 2007 y 2009 dos de los autores del presente trabajo (JIR & AFSM) llevaron a cabo un muestreo de la coleopterofauna saproxílica de Bértiz. El estudio del material recolectado permitió la catalogación de 237 especies correspondientes a 43 familias (Recalde Irurzun & San Martín Moreno, 2015) y puso de manifiesto el interés faunístico y medioambiental de este espacio natural, tanto desde 321 Outerelo et al. (2016): Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) del Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz (Navarra, norte de España). una óptica ibérica (novedades y rarezas faunísticas) como europeo-occidental (elementos de corología singular y amenazados de extinción). No obstante, en ese trabajo no se incluyó la familia Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. Muchos estafilínidos se encuentran presentes en los medios forestales integrándose a menudo en las taxocenosis de organismos saproxílicos donde, al igual que en otros entornos, actúan como depredadores, micófagos o saprófagos (Lipkow & Betz, 2005), en este caso bajo cortezas, en cavidades arbóreas, acumulaciones de mantillo y de materia orgánica, o sobre sustratos fúngicos (Outerelo et al., 2016). Aunque la cifra varía en función del país y los autores considerados, en Europa central y occidental los elementos saproxílicos parecen suponer entre el 10 y el 20% de los estafilínidos (Köhler, 2000; Alexander, 2002; Bouget & Brustel, 2009). La amplitud de esta horquilla se explica en buena parte por su a menudo amplia valencia ecológica, así como al limitado conocimiento existente sobre los requerimientos de nicho de muchas especies que hace complicada su asignación a este grupo ecológico (Bohac, 1999; Parmain et al., 2014). Acorde también con la dimensión de la familia, los estafilínidos saproxílicos constituyen una parte significativa de la fauna de coleópteros xilobiontes de Europa occidental, representando entre el 10 y el 18% de la misma en Reino Unido, Francia y Alemania. Cuando se incluyen en este cálculo los Scydmaeninae y Pselaphinae, esta cifra supera el 20% en el caso de Francia y Reino Unido y ronda el 15% en el caso de Alemania (Köhler, 2000; Alexander, 2002; Bouget & Brustel, 2009). La fauna de Staphylinidae (excluyendo Pselaphinae Latreille, 1802, Scaphidiinae, Latreille, 1806 y Scydmaeninae, Leach, 1815) actualmente conocida de la Península Ibérica supera las 1800 especies según los datos recogidos en los catálogos iberobaleares, sus actualizaciones (Gamarra & Outerelo, 2005, 2007, 2008a, b y c, 2009a, b, c, d, e, f y g, 2010, 2012, 2014a, b y c) y citas posteriores, hasta 2016 (Diéguez-Fernández, 2010; Makranczy, 2014; Outerelo & Gamarra, 2015), constituyendo ella sola una fracción mayor del conjunto de los coleópteros. Extrapolando a partir de esta cifra, los estafilínidos saproxílicos ibéricos deben suponer entre 180 y 360 especies, cifra superior si consideramos el conjunto de los estafilínidos forestales. Por tanto, el estudio de los integrantes silvícolas y saproxílicos de esta gran familia resulta relevante tanto por incluir una fracción importante de sus especies como por constituir la misma la más diversificada dentro de los coleópteros xilobiontes. Por otra parte, el conocimiento de la fauna navarra de esta importante familia es aún incipiente, tanto en lo referente a las especies forestales como al resto de los representantes (Outerelo et al., 2016), por lo que es interesante avanzar en el conocimiento de la misma. La presente aportación se enmarca en este ámbito zoológico, ecológico y geográfico. Material y métodos Zona estudiada La Comunidad Foral de Navarra (10.390 km2) es una región uniprovincial situada en el extremo septentrional de la Península Ibérica (Fig. 1). El cuadrante noroccidental del territorio (Navarra Húmeda del Noroeste) posee un clima netamente atlántico debido a la proximidad del mar Cantábrico. Como consecuencia, las masas forestales nativas están constituidas por frondosas atlánticas. El Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz (ZEC ES2200017) se sitúa en el extremo septentrional de la Navarra atlántica (Fig. 1). Posee una extensión de 2.040 ha y pertenece al municipio de Valle de Bertizarana que forma parte del denominado "País del Bidasoa", comarca constituida en muchas áreas por estrechos y empinados valles cuyas aguas vierten al mar Cantábrico. Bértiz está ocupado en su mayor parte por un denso bosque de haya (Fagus sylvatica), roble pedunculado (Quercus robur) y en menor medida de melojo (Q. pyrenaica) y castaño (Castanea sativa). Existen algunos rodales de resinosas y de roble americano (Q. rubra) compitiendo este último, junto con el haya, con el roble pedunculado y amenazando los viejos pies de esta frondosa. 322 ARQUIVOS ENTOMOLÓXICOS, 15: 321-336 Debido a la gestión llevada a cabo por su antiguo propietario, Pedro Ciga, las densas masas forestales del Señorío de Bértiz son ricas en madera muerta y arbolado veterano, lo que las convierte en lugares con gran diversidad de hábitats característicos de fases avanzadas del bosque. No obstante lo anterior, el aspecto actual del bosque de Bértiz es resultado del previo uso humano tradicional al que sucedió una reducción y posterior cese de los aprovechamientos forestales (tala y quizás carboneo), podas y trasmocheos, así como del uso ganadero y aprovechamiento del castañar. Estrategia de muestreo y tratamiento del material Durante la primavera y el verano del año 2007 y el verano de 2009 se llevaron a cabo dentro de Bértiz muestreos de coleópteros saproxílicos mediante diversos tipos de trampa: i) monopanel adosadas a troncos; ii) colgantes de paneles cruzados (Økland, 1996; Hyvärinen et al., 2006); iii) monopanel adosadas a esporocarpos de hongos lignícolas (Kaila, 1993) y iv) multi-embudo (Lindgren, 1983). Se muestrearon cuatro rodales, tres de ellos en el año 2007: una zona de viejos robles pedunculados en el término de Arbaztegi (200 m altitud), un tramo de bosque mixto de roble, haya y castaño (250-500 m altitud) en Plazazelai y un hayedo con pies trasmochos (550-650 m altitud) en el Camino de la Paja. En el año 2009 se muestreó un pequeño transecto de aliseda a lo largo del curso del Aintsoroko erreka (175 m altitud). Todas las trampas se colocaron entre 0,5 y 2 m de altura en pies vivos y muertos, así como en troncos derribados de roble, haya y castaño. En el caso de los pies vivos, se priorizó la colocación en aquellos con cavidades, exposición de podredumbre interna, áreas muertas en el tronco con cortezas dehiscentes, grandes ramas muertas y/o fructificaciones fúngicas. Cada
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