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1NS1DE: 9 The factor in the elections - page 3. - The Ukrainian diplomatic presence in the U.S. - page 5. ^ Ukrainian "fleet" arrives in New Zealand - page 1 3. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association vol. LXII No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 50 cents

ANALYS1S: U.S. defense secretary promotes denuclearization military aid, S250 million of which has Election eve visits Pervomaiske, been extended to date. Half the Si00 million outlay is dedi– in pledges new funds cated to the continued de-activization of Ukraine's nuclear warheads and their by Myron Wasylyk by Roman Woronowycz removal to . RFESRL Research Report Kyyiv Press Bureau Of the S440 million in new funds After almost two years of grid- KYYiv - United States Defense granted, S20 million will be used to build lock, Ukrainian politics has been Secretary William Perry in his first visit housing for soldiers and officers who are galvanized by the approach of the here announced on March 23 that the being released as Ukraine reduces its mil– parliamentary elections scheduled U.S. will release to Ukraine S100 million itary forces. The other S20 million will for March 27. With more than for continued denuclearization, military go to conversion of Ukraine's military- 5,800 registered candidates compet– conversion and housing for soldiers. Of industrial complex to the private sector. ing for 450 seats, most election that amount, S40 million are new funds. The last S10 million will help Ukraine contests will probably be decided Mr. Perry also confirmed that to date develop security controls for its nuclear during the April 10 runoffs. 120 SS-10 nuclear warheads had been technologies and products. On February 25 Ukraine's removed from Ukraine in two shipments Secretary visits nuclear weapons site Parliament, the Supreme Council, and that 30 SS-24s had been de-activat– concluded the last plenary session ed. "A second shipment of SS-19s left for On March 22, the defense secretary of its 12th sitting. For all its short- Russia on March 16," said the defense flew to Pervomaiske, where a large por– comings, the outgoing Parliament secretary. tion of Ukraine's nuclear weapons is held will be assigned a special place in He had just finished three days of talks in hardened silos. He was accompanied ! Khristina Lew Ukrainian history. The people's with Ukraine's leaders, including by Defense Minister Radetsky. There the Secretary of Defense William Perry deputies voted into office following President and Defense entourage viewed the silos and the the March 1990 election, most of Minister vitally Radetsky. nuclear missile command and control to destroy every major city in the U.S." center. them nominees of the Communist The defense secretary said most of the The military leaders also traveled to Party of Ukraine, will be remem– money will come from funds earmarked Commenting on the facility, Secretary Dnipropetrovske to view the Pivdenmash bered primarily for asserting the for Ukraine through the Nunn-Lugar Act. Perry said, "As 1 stood there (watching republic's sovereignty (July 16, A Department of Defense spokesperson the two operators demonstrate pre-launch (Yuzhmash in Russian) missile factory, 1990) and subsequently declaring traveling with Secretary Perry said it inspection procedures), 1 must admit І where the 's SS-18 nuclear the country's independence from brings the amount now dedicated to de- was awed. The two operators control 100 missiles were once assembled. Today, Moscow (August 24, 1991). They nuclearization to S185 million. U.S. missiles with almost 800 warheads tar– the mammoth industrial center has been may also be remembered for peace– President Bill Clinton has promised geted at the U.S." He went on, "The two converted to private sector use and pro- fully leaving Ukraine's political Ukraine S700 million for economic and operators have in their hands the ability continued on page 17) scene a year before their terms offi– cially expired, thereby giving voters the opportunity to elect reform- minded deputies committed to Monitors say electoral commission is uncooperative reversing the country's precipitous economic decline. institute (ND1). She said the CEC has requested. He said he expected at least 500 observers arrive resisted the NDl's requests for informa– the ballots before election day. Outgoing Parliament's record tion and clarification of issues at every Mr. De Zayas, who is also a professor The departing deputies will be from 53 countries turn. "They just seem to be above it all," of law at DePaul University in Chicago, she said. said he still believes the government judged on the 364 laws and 1,103 by Roman Woronowycz At a briefing for the foreign press that wants open, fair elections. "They want to resolutions adopted by the Kyyiv Press Bureau Parliament over a period of three has invaded Kyyiv as elections near, the see the elections go off smoothly and and half years. Many of these laws KYYiv - On the eve of the first elec– English-language editor of the Elections democratically." laid the foundations for Ukraine's tions of a Ukrainian Parliament since 94 press center, Roman Zvarych, told the Jack Zetkuiic, deputy director of the independent democratic statehood. independence, many here, including gathered that the center has had no coop– Conference on Security and Cooperation Charting independent Ukraine's international observers, said the Central eration from the CEC. "They have called in Europe and the CSCE observer team new foreign and security policies Electoral Commission (CEC) has been us illegitimate. You understand that this coordinator, said he has had difficulties and keeping the country at peace uncooperative and has withheld informa– makes the press bastards," he said. with the CEC. " have faced a lot of were two other notable achieve– tion, a situation ripe for vote manipula– Mr. Zvarych also explained that the administrative problems, mainly related ments of the outgoing Parliament. tion and electoral fraud. CEC has maintained practices that border to old habits about sharing information As it helped preserve domestic More than 500 international observers on the illegal. A complete list of all the on the elections. We will only know on tranquility between Ukraine's vari– from 53 countries moved into Ukraine candidates running for election and the Sunday night or Monday morning, after ous ethnic and religious groups, the the week of March 21, preparing to mon– electoral district in which they are run– all the reports are in, whether we were Parliament also managed to steer itor the March 27 elections. ning was to have been released by the allowed to do our work." the country closer to European They will keep an eye on the election CEC five days after registration dead- Essentially the work that the election political, economic and security process as nearly 6,000 candidates vie for lines passed in February, in accordance observers are here to do is to make sure structures. Furthermore, under the 450 Parliament seats in what many here with the Ukrainian electoral law passed every voter has access to polling Parliament's supervision, the coun– believe could become a circus. in November 1993. "To date we have precincts and can freely make his choice The general consensus is that the large received nothing from them, although we as to the candidate he will vote for. This (Continued on page 9) field will not allow enough candidates to are constantly asking for the list," said includes making sure that ballots are win election for the Parliament to be Mr. Zvarych. legal and not tampered with after people The author, an official in the U.S. seated and will force run-offs two weeks The United Nations observer team said have noted, it also entails ensuring that State Department from 1989 to later. it has had "reasonably good cooperation" people are not coerced into a making a 1993, is currently living in Kyyiv, Particularly critical of the CEC, which from the CEC. But Alfred de Zayas, rep– choice not of their own free will. where he is executive director of the has a government mandate to organize and resentative here for U.N. Secretary in addition to the U.N., the CSCE and Council of Advisors to the oversee elections and comes under the General Boutrous Boutros-Ghali, said the ND1, observer teams are present here Ukrainian Parliament. authority of the Cabinet of Ministers, is they also have not received the list of Marta Baziuk of the National Democratic candidates or the sample ballots they (Continued on page 16) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27, 1994 No. 13 ANALYSlS: Presidential elections and continuing tensions in Miners strike to hit amidst elections plies if the debt settlement timetable is not by Dr. Roman Solchanyk "reunion" did not evoke much consterna– kept. So far, Ukraine has paid Gazprom RFESRL Research institute tion either in the Crimea, Russia or MAKlYivKA, Donetske Oblast - At S59 million of its arrears. On March 10, Ukraine for the simple reason that bor– a meeting held here on March 22, the the two sides agreed that the debtor coun– After an inconclusive first round of ders between the Soviet republics were, council of trade union representatives of try's counterpart, Ukrhazprom, would voting, on January 30 Crimeans returned for all intents and purposes, a fiction. Donbas miners decided to hold their gen– cede a substantial amount of its shares and to the polling stations and chose Yuriy Today, the Crimea is the only large eral strike shortly after the first round of operations and an additional Si00 million Meshkov as their first president. Mr. administrative region in Ukraine with a elections, which are expected to go into by April 1. The Russian officials com– Meshkov, head of the Republican Party Russian ethnic majority. The 1989 cen– several runoffs. The council decided to plained that no list of enterprises in which of the Crimea (Party of the Republican sus registered Russians as constituting begin work stoppages with the first shifts Gazprom would have a stake had been Movement of Crimea), gained 72.92 per– 67.04 percent of the peninsula's popula– of April 4, with a shutdown of all mining drawn up, nor had the extent of its control cent of the votes, far outdistancing his tion; Ukrainians ranked second with operations other than safety and life-sup- over them been agreed upon. Gazprom is rival, parliamentary speaker Mykola port systems in the deep mine shafts. 25.75 percent. Since then, the proportion seeking effective possession and control Bagrov, for whom only 23.35 percent of Many miners of the Luhanske and of Russians has certainly declined largely of pipelines passing through Ukraine, and voters cast their ballots.1 The Crimea's Donetske oblasts have not been paid due to the influx of from has made additional accusations about presidential election was closely watched since January. A general strike by the their places of exile in Central Asia; the siphoning of westbound supplies. - in Kyyiv, Moscow and in the West - miners in June 1993 provoked a govern– number of Crimean Tatars residing in the (RFE7RL Daily Report) for indications of the political mood in Crimea is thought to range anywhere mental crisis and brought Yukhym the autonomous republic, which contin– from 250,000 to 300,000. Thus, a recent Zviahilsky, a former mayor of Donetske Ukraine granted EU trade status ues to pose the greatest challenge to study estimates that in 1993 the Russian and defender of miner's interests, to Ukraine's territorial integrity and share of the Crimea's population was power as Ukraine's prime minister. BRUSSELS - Representatives of the remains a formidable stumbling block in down to 61.6 percent.3 However, the huge salary settlement European Union and Ukraine signed a improving relations between Kyyiv and The accuracy of the figures is not cru– offered the striking workers in 1993 is pact on trade and political cooperation, Moscow. cial. The point is that a majority of the also among the factors blamed for the under which the latter will be granted Given the very different positions of Crimean population is Russian, an even hyperinflation crippling the country's favorable trade status and quotas will be Messrs. Meshkov and Bagrov on the fun– larger majority speaks Russian, and the economy. (Respublika) removed on certain Ukrainian products. damental question of where the Crimea's dominant political current is pro-Russian, This is the EU's first accord with a for– Ukraine to monitor energy shipments mer Soviet republic. The agreement also KYYiv - The deputy head of allows EU companies operating in Ukraine's Committee on Oil and Gas, Ukraine to use hard currency and lifts The recent election of as the Yevhen Sukhin, declared on a "Novyny" certain tariffs and barriers to investment. Tv broadcast that Ukraine will provide According the Wall Street Journal, the Crimea's first president has raised fears that a Russia with a full accounting of all ener– accord is "part of an EU drive to course has been set for confrontation between gy supplies passing westward through its strengthen links with Eastern Europe, pipelines. Mr. Sukhin also mentioned a with some of the region's nations possi– Kyyiv and Symferopil and increased tension directive issued by President Leonid bly joining the EU at the end of the Kravchuk providing for such monitoring, decade." Under the current pact, the EU between Ukraine and Russia over the status of whose stated motive was to bring has not extended membership to the the peninsula. "unsubstantiated" Russian accusations of fledgling country, but it does provide for Ukrainian resale of oil and gas shipments an eventual free-trade zone within the to an end. (Respublika) union. (The Wall Street Journal) future lies, (with Russia or with Ukraine, all of which was obvious even before the Mejlis leader speaks on Crimean issues Candidate attacked in Ternopil respectively), the outcome of the presi– recent election. Demands for the restora– SEvASTOPlL - in a newspaper KYYiv - According to the dential election was rightly seen as a cru– tion of the Crimea's autonomy, of which interview of March 19, the chairman of Ukrainian National Assembly's press cial factor that would set the stage for it was deprived by the USSR and RSFSR the Mejlis, the Crimean Tatar parliament, service, an attempt was made on the life future relations between Kyyiv and authorities in 1945 and 1946, had already , condemned calls for of viacheslav Zhyzhyn on the evening of Symferopil, as well as influence the surfaced in the summer and fall of 1989, the withdrawal of Ukrainian troops from March 17. Mr. Zhyzhyn was reported to course of relations between Kyyiv and that is, when Kyyiv was preparing legis– the Black Sea peninsula made by recent– be in critical condition at a local hospital. Moscow. lation to establish Ukrainian as the state ly elected Crimean President Yuriy Mr. Zhyzhyn, a captain of the national Moreover, recent developments in language and at a time when the democ– Meshkov. in an interview given to Flot guard, had given notice of his intention Russia and Ukraine have only served to ratic opposition organized in Rukh began Ukrainy, Mr. Dzhemilev described such to withdraw his candidacy in favor of fel– impart a greater sense of urgency to to emerge as a factor in Ukraine's politi– demands as "irresponsible and provoca– low assembly member Pavlo Fedyk on developments in the Crimea, in Russia, cal life. tive." The Crimean Tatar leader also March 20. (Respublika) the Zhirinovsky phenomenon, the appar– Support for autonomy grew after said his people would begin legal action ent slow-down of economic reforms, and Ukraine declared its state sovereignty in against the Russian Federation in order to Crimean energy chief notes shortages a more assertive foreign policy course July 1990, and in September of that year obtain compensation for the costs of SEvASTOPlL - On March 18, Mr. have raised serious questions about the Council adopted a returning to their homeland, rehabilita– Pechenikov of the local Krymenergo where Russia is headed. The same ques– statement addressed to the USSR and tion of property and property damage. electrical company, announced cuts to tions are being asked about Ukraine, RSFSR Supreme Soviets regarding the (Respublika) residential and industrial consumers in which is on the brink of economic col- need to nullify the 1945 and 1946 deci– the city. Mr. Pechenikov explained that lapse and is to hold new parliamentary sions. Subsequently, it resolved to hold a Gazprom renews threats of supply cuts reductions in service became necessary and presidential elections, on March 27 referendum on the autonomy question in KYYiv — According to an interfax after a recent accident at the Khmelnytsky and June 26, respectively. January 1991, which showed that more report of March 22, officials of the nuclear power station and the city's The Crimean imbroglio than 93 percent of voters supported the Russian gas giant Gazprom have already restoration of "the Crimean ASSR as a begun threatening renewed cuts in sup- (Continued on page 21) The Crimean question is defined by a subject of the USSR and a party of the combination of specific factors that union treaty." impinge directly and fundamentally on Shortly thereafter, in February, the Ukraine's internal politics and on its rela– Parliament in Kyyiv "legalized" the ref– tions with Russia. The problem can be erendum results by adopting a law restor– THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY FOUNDED тз summed up rather briefly. ing the Crimean ASSR within Ukraine's An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., On the one hand, the predominant borders. Ukraine's declaration of inde– a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. view in the Crimea is that it is not an pendence in August 1991 raised the level Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N. J. 07302. integral part of Ukraine and that its status (1SSN - 0273-9348) cannot be compared to other administra– (Continued on page 18) tive subdivisions of the country like the 1 Yearly subscription rate: S20; for UNA members - S10. Lviv or Dnipropetrovske Oblasts; on an For the official results of the voting, Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. emotional level most of the population see Krymskaya Pravda, February 1. identifies itself with Russia, its history, 2 For a detailed discussion of the The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: language and culture. Crimean question, see Roman Solchanyk, (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (201) 451 -2200 On the other hand, public opinion in "The Politics of State Building: Center- Russia considers the Crimea to be Periphery Relations in Post-Soviet Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chief: Roma Hadzewycz Russian territory that should never have Ukraine." Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 46, changes to: Associate editor: Marta Kolomayets come under Ukraine's jurisdiction.2 The No. 1, pp. 50-59, and Taras Kuzio, Russia- The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant editor: Khristina Lew Crimea was transferred from the RSFSR Crimea-Ukraine: Triangle of Conflict P.O. Box 346 Staff writersfeditors: Roman Woronowycz (Kyyiv) to Ukraine in 1954. At that time, of (Conflict Studies, No. 267, January 1994). Jersey City, NJ. 07303 Andrij Kudla Wynnyckyj course, this symbolic act of "eternal 3 Andrew Wilson, "The Crimean The Ukrainian Weekiy, March 27,1994, No. 13, vol. LXll friendship" between Russia and Ukraine Tatars," London, international Alert, Copyright (g) 1994 The Ukrainian Weekly to mark the 300th anniversary of their 1994, p. 36. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 з

COUNTDOWN TO ELECTlONS^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The Donbas factor in the Ukrainian parliamentary elections by Monika Jung Donbas mining collectives threatened to Parliament.4 Thus, the outcome of the tightly knit and interdependent. RFEfRL Research Report declare a hunger strike: they had not been elections in the Donbas could have an However, since Ukraine declared its paid their wages since the beginning of important impact on the future of independence in 1991, the introduction The two easternmost oblasts of December 1993. President Leonid Ukraine's domestic and external politics. of obstacles such as quotas, central tar– Donetske and Luhanske - where the Kravchuk managed to placate the protest– iffs, and licenses for import and export Election issues famous coal-mining region of the ers by pledging that the government and customs fees have made bilateral Donbas is located - are the centers of the would formulate an anti-crisis program in Several issues have dominated the trade much more difficult. Furthermore, recent political activization and new order to find a way out of the payments election campaign in the Donbas. The Ukrainian companies are not allowed to regional assertiveness of . problem.3 first concerns ethnic and linguistic poli– hold ruble accounts. The growing influence of the predomi– The Donbas's self-assertiveness has cies. According to the 1989 Soviet popu– To sum up, the common aims of the nantly Russian-speaking Donbas in continued to grow, and the region has lation census, 51 percent of the popula– pro-Russian and left-wing parties are the Ukrainian politics has been noted by tion of the Donbas was Ukrainian and 44 recognition of Ukrainian and Russian as 1 been pressing Kyyiv for greater autono– Western observers, and a recent report my and a shift to a policy oriented more percent was Russian, but only 32 percent equal state languages; dual Russian and by the U.S. Central intelligence Agency toward Russia and the Commonwealth of of the population named Ukrainian as Ukrainian citizenship; open borders 5 even warned that Ukraine was in danger independent States (C1S). This has their mother tongue. Local politicians between Ukraine and Russia; regional of splitting along "ethnic and geographic alarmed politicians from the western and stress the region's close cultural and lin– Donbas autonomy within a Ukrainian lines, with the Russian minority in the central parts of Ukraine, who want to see guistic ties with Russia and play on the federation; and Ukraine's accession to country's eastern regions pressing for their demands for economic reforms and population's fears of Ukrainization and the OS economic union as a full mem– 2 ber, as well as social guarantees from the secession." a European-oriented policy satisfied and "Ukrainian nationalism." This has the state. The Donbas region has remained rela– are concerned about the challenge to effect of fomenting feeling against west– tively calm since the strikes of June Ukraine's territorial integrity from devel– ern Ukraine, where Ukrainian national- Local politicians have successfully 1993, when the workers' leaders man- opments in the Crimea and the Donbas. ism has traditionally been far stronger. combined the ethnic71inguistic and eco– Calls for granting Russian the status of a nomic issues and translated people's aged to force political and economic con- The approach of the parliamentary cessions from the government and second state language alongside demands into the official policies of the elections on March 27 has spurred the Ukrainian and demands such as "we local administration. The city council in Parliament in Kyyiv, including early par– political forces in Donbas into clarifying Hamentary and presidential elections. must have dual citizenship for all citi– Luhanske recently voted to recognize their platforms and improving their orga– zens"6 have gradually been taken up by Russian and Ukrainian as two equal offi– The situation became more strained again nization. Together with the three adjacent in mid-February, when representatives of various local political parties and move– cial languages in the city, even though it oblasts of , Dnipropetrovske and ments. does not have a single Ukrainian-lan– , Donetske and Luhanske 11 The second issue is that of economics. guage school. The author is a German free-lance oblasts will jointly provide 152 of the The Donbas is home to much of Ukraine's Subsequently, on February 22, the journalist currently based in Kyyiv. 450 deputies in the new Ukrainian antiquated and ailing heavy industry, Donetske Oblast Council decided to hold which is dependent on state subsidies for a consultative referendum on the same its survival. For instance, coal extraction day as the parliamentary elections, voters fell from 189 million tons in 1985, to will be asked the following four questions: ANALYS1S: Kyyiv issues last-minute 164.8 million tons in 1990, and 135.6 mil- Do they agree that on the territory of lion tons in 1991. in 1992, output was Donetske Oblast Russian should be used down to 133.6 million tons, and in 1993 to "alongside the " at appeal to the Crimean Republic 115.7 million tons.7 The decline in output work, in business and administration, and in science and education? Do they agree by Rebecca A. Morrison ramifications. occurred because the Donbas relied on that Russian should be recognized along Special to The Ukrainian Weekly Mr. Chalyi, in his capacity within the items such as pit props and machinery with Ukrainian as the state language of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, bore witness previously received from Russia, and republic? Do they agree with the adoption KYYiv - On the eve of the parliamen– to the signing of both the trilateral agree– because of dwindling coal reserves and of a federal system for Ukraine? And are tary elections and referendum on the status ment concluded in Moscow earlier this obsolete production methods. they in favor of Ukraine signing the OS of the Crimean Republic, the Ukrainian year and of the bilateral agreement in addition, many people think the Charter and becoming a full-fledged Ministry of Foreign Affairs entered into a adopted in Washington last month. Donbas has received less money from the member of the OS economic union and midnight-hour discourse with the elec– Holding the originals of both docu– central budget than it contributes to it. in interparliamentary Assembly?12 torate of the Ukrainian peninsula. ments, Mr. Chalyi reiterated that the Donetske Oblast, 85 percent of funds Appearing on Ukrainian State agreements all point to maintaining the from the two major sources of revenue On March 17, the Luhanske Oblast Television and speaking in Russian - "so territorial integrity of Ukraine. He (value-added tax and income tax) go to Council decided to conduct a similar poll as to be better understood by the resi– the state budget. As a result, the revenues implored residents of the Crimean (Continued on page 8) dents of the Crimean Republic" - Republic - residents who in 1991 voted remaining for the oblast are barely Ministry of Foreign Affairs Collegium for Ukraine's independence - to recall enough to cover the current social pro- 1 Member Oleksander Chalyi on March 18 how Ukraine's independence was so hard grams, very little is available for capital See especially Andrew Wilson, "The appealed to the Crimea's sense of reason. won, entreating them not to snub the cen– investment. The central budget itself is Growing Challenge to Kyyiv from the Donbas," RFE7RL Research Report, No. 33, The Crimean Republic, which was tral Ukrainian government, while state- only enough to satisfy the current basic August 20, 1993. incorporated into Ukraine in 1954, has hood is still fragile. needs of the population; nothing remains 2 been the source of much internal strife in 8 Daniel Williams and R. Jeffrey Smith, Threatening Ukraine's territorial for investment in the regions. "U.S. intelligence Sees Economic Plight Ukraine's recent history. What began as integrity now, Mr. Chalyi suggested, The problem is further compounded Leading to Ukraine Break-up," The rumblings for a free economic zone and would trigger yet more internal strife, in by the fact that the Donbas used to enjoy Washington Post, January 25. other more liberal conditions on its addition to setting a precedent for seces– a privileged status within the former 3 interfax Ukraine, February 19. 4 autonomous status within Ukraine has sion, Ukrainian leaders who have yet to Soviet Union, owing to its crucially There are 47 electoral districts in resulted in the creation of the post of accept the reality of Ukraine's non- important coal-mining industry. Donetske Oblast, 25 in the Luhanske, 28 in Crimean president. At present, the nuclear status would be fueled to balk. Furthermore, the Donbas region was the Kharkiv, 34 in the Dnipropetrovske, and Ukrainian Constitution, like its Soviet And a Crimean Republic continuing to closely managed from Moscow, resulting 18 in the Zaporizhzhia oblasts. On the gener– al situation in Ukraine before the elections, 3redecessor, does not provide a mecha– in a high dependency on its economic function outside the Ukrainian see Myron Wasylyk, "Ukraine on the Eve of iism for the legal secession of its con– Constitution, Mr. Chalyi warned, would links with the former Soviet Union. The itituent autonomous republics, and the Elections," RFE7RL Research Report, not shift the balance of power within local Communist Party leader, Giorgiy March 25 (vol. 3, No. 12). Crimean President Yuriy Meshkov is Ukraine alone, but would challenge the Віко, holds that the Donbas industry 5 For general background on the ethnic, doing little to transform the Crimea's sta– Russian Federation's respect for used to depend up to 70 percent on sup- political and economic situation in the us in a legal manner. Ukraine's borders - a test of resolve that plies from Russia's economy and up to Donbas, see Wilson, "The Growing Blatantly disregarding selected tenets inspires little Ukrainian confidence. 85 percent on ones from the economy of Challenge..." 9 6 )f the Ukrainian Constitution, Mr. On the heels of Ukraine's recent suc– the former USSR as a whole. Author's interview with Giorgiy Віко, the Communist Party leader in Donetske, tfeshkov has approved the appointment cesses in the international arena, Mr. Calls for regional autonomy have )f a Russian citizen to a Ukrainian gov– February 8. Chalyi's appeal to the Crimea would grown ever stronger as local leaders 7 Ukrainian Ministry of Statistics, January. ;rnment post and is acting in self-styled indicate that Kyyiv is visibly and fitting– blame Kyyiv's economic policies for the 8 official manners abroad, it is this interna– Mikhail 1. Popov, "Self-Financing ly prepared to break the inertia formerly region's difficulties, "if they don't satisfy Regional Partnerships for Economic ional bend that has brought the need for characteristic of Ukrainian politics. The our demands, we'll go to Russia. They Restructuring in the Former Soviet Union," he Foreign Affairs Ministry to take a Crimean affair is only one manifestation call us separatists anyway," said international Regional Science Review, vol. tand, Mr. Chalyi explained. of the internal and external crises aggra– Donetske economist Nikolai 15,No.3, 1993, pp. 281-289. 9 Mr. Chalyi elaborated that the Crimea Chumachenko. He added: "in the Crimea Author's interview with Giorgiy Віко. vating Ukraine at present. But the 10 5 not only a regional affair, affecting Crimean question should give Ukraine's they have already elected their own pres– interviewed by Roma ihnatowycz of nly relations with Ukraine's neighbors, new Parliament added incentive to ident who said he wants to bring the UP1, February 9. 11 See Raisa Lukyanchuk, "Reality ut a territorial issue with international rework the Ukrainian Constitution, pro– Crimea back into the Russian fold. Such 10 Luhanske Style," visti z Ukrainy, No. 9, viding for limited regionalism and sentiments exist here as well." Local February 24-March 2, p. 7. Rebecca Morrison is an advisor on embracing the economic freedoms need– leaders want to promote trade between 12 Author's interview by telephone with ?chnical assistance and a consultant on ed to inspire the territorial integrity it so Ukraine and Russia. The economies of Mikhail Gafurov, the head of the Donetske Ukrainian affairs. desperately requires. the two countries had previously been Oblast Organizational Department, March 15. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13 Alberta U. offers international flights barred from Lviv landings summer program by Khristina Lew will declare itself a domestic airport," Ukraine flights that don't exist because he said. One of the few airlines that fly there is no fuel." JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - in an appar– directly to Lviv, Czechoslovak Airlines Despite an April 1993 flight agree– of Ukrainian studies ent effort to curtail competition with is the main carrier used by Scope Travel the Ukrainian airline Air Ukraine, all ment between Ukraine and the United of Maplewood, N.J., for travel to west– States that allows Air Ukraine to fly EDMONTON - For the first time, international air carriers, including pre– ern Ukraine. into New York, Washington, Chicago, the University of Alberta is offering a viously scheduled charters, will be Marika Helbig, president of Scope San Francisco, Miami and Anchorage, six-week summer program in Ukrainian denied landing privileges at the Lviv Travel, said the halting of foreign air studies, designed not only for university airport as of April 1. Alaska, Air Ukraine flies only from traffic to Lviv is an attempt to filter all New York to Kyyiv three times a week. students, but also professionals, acade– The retraction of landing privileges flights through Kyyiv, Air Ukraine's mics and graduate students with a special in Lviv will affect all travel to western hub. Ms. Helbig, whose travel agency has interest in Ukraine. Ukraine for the summer season, said Jiri "Air Ukraine is not giving us an booked over 2,000 seats to Lviv on The Ukrainian international Summer Svoboda of Czechoslovak Airlines' alternative," she said. "They have Czechoslovak Airlines through School is a result of the mutual efforts of New York office. "We were informed promised to inaugurate a New York– September, said that busing passengers the department of Slavic and East by our headquarters in Prague that we Lviv flight by May 2, but in the mean- from Kyyiv to Lviv until a New York– European studies, which boasts the will not be allowed to fly into Lviv as of time, we will be forced to transport Lviv Air Ukraine flight is inaugurated largest Ukrainian program in Canada, the April 1. We were also advised that Lviv people from Kyyiv to Lviv on Air is not an option because of theft. department of history, the Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies and Special Sessions. The University of Alberta is known lNTERviEW: viktor Batyuk, ambassador to Canada for its broad expertise in Ukrainian stud– ies, with its scholars teaching at Harvard, by Christopher Gjily On Ukraine's foreign policy: we said we are willing to get rid of Stanford and other prestigious universi– Canadians should know that Ukrainian for– nuclear weapons in exchange for their ties, as well as working as advisors to the OTTAWA - To exercise his creative eign policy is dictated by her national clear-cut obligations to respect our muscles, viktor Batyuk translated Mario Ukrainian government. interests, and the national interests of the integrity and our independence. Puzo's "The Godfather" into Ukrainian. young Ukrainian state are the preservation On President Leonid Kravchuk: The Program's goals To flex his linguistic skills, the 32-year of its integrity, and the acceptance of and role of Mr. Kravchuk is to safeguard the career diplomat learned how to speak The goals of the Ukrainian viability of its borders. We also have to independence of Ukraine, to try to start Bangali. international Summer School are: to cope with our economic problems. For this its independent development. Ukraine Mr. Batyuk, 55, Ukraine's is second encourage interest in the language, history reason, we badly need integration into a declared independence, but it's not a ambassador to Canada, has spent more and culture of Ukraine; to provide a basic market economy. Right now, 70 to 80 per– state with an independent economy, in than half of his life mastering the art of conversational course to students with no cent of our market is oriented on Russia. fact, when the Soviet Union collapsed, pleasantries while defending his coun– previous background in Ukrainian that That's very difficult because we cannot we didn't (inherit! an economy, but a try's interests. But, the country he now will enable them to function successfully boast of real economic independence. fragment of an inefficient one. represents is more of a legitimate entity in a Ukrainian-language milieu, thus facil– On his Canadian assignment: Of Mr. Kravchuk is the leader needed by than it was when Ambassador Batyuk itating their studies, business, research, course 1 was surprised. But many years the time in which we are living. served as Ukraine's permanent represen– travel, etc. in Ukraine; to give students an ago, 1 was offered once or twice to come On Canadian trade with Ukraine: tative to the United Nations in Geneva opportunity to understand the mecha– to the Soviet Ukrainian mission in Both sides have declared a desire for a from 1978 to 1984. Or when he served as nisms of modern Ukrainian society rooted Ottawa. І was also considered for the special partnership, but this special part– in its history; to introduce students to U.N. ambassador, for 20 months, from March 1992 to the end of last year. consul general's post in Toronto. But nership is not here yet. Canada is not in some aspects of Ukrainian culture; as well during my stay at the United Nations, І the first 10 or 12 countries to export to or Married with three grown children, as to outline the role of this culture in the visited Canada three times during the import from Ukraine. There has been no Mr. Batyuk can now breathe a little easi– Canadian mosaic. centennial of Ukrainian settlement (1991- visit from a high-level official from an er in Ottawa, minus the pressures of Besides providing students with 1992) and fell in love with Canada. independent Ukraine. accredited courses in language, history Manhattan and without the ghosts of his office's Soviet past. But the ambassador, І think (the Ukrainian government! Canada is in the G-7, but only partici– and culture, the six-week Summer decided to send me to Canada because pates in about five or six percent of School will allow them to participate in who grew up in the northeastern Ukrainian region of Hlukhiv, knows how we have too many people in Ukraine who Ukraine's joint ventures. various cultural and educational pro- know the United Nations, and it wouldn't in two years, 1 think people will regret grams, such as trips to the Ukrainian to contend with winter's bite. His greater challenge in Canada will be difficult to find an appropriate man for that they didn't dare penetrate that mar– Cultural Heritage village and the Rocky the posting in New York, it's also good ket earlier, i'm sure that Ukraine will Mountains, lectures on Ukrainian histo– be to promote more trade rather than aid to Ukraine. to have an ambassador who can make become an economic tiger. ry, folklore and feminism, film nights, himself understandable in the local lan– We are not speaking of aid. We invite etc. Students can also take advantage of Ambassador Batyuk has wasted little time in doing this since he presented his guage. (Mr. Batyuk also speaks some people to bring in capital and make invest– national and international summer festi– French.) ments in our industries. The most urgent vals in Edmonton, among them the credentials to Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn on February 7. On March 4, he On sharing office space with Russia need for us is to stop inflation. For this rea– Edmonton Folk Music Festival, Fringe and other former Soviet republics at son, we need stabilization of our money, Drama Festival and Jazz Festival. was the featured guest speaker at the ninth annual ivan Franko Lecture. the U.N.: TJiey are friends of mine, І then we can introduce (the hryvniaj. Course offerings His topic: Ukraine's foreign policy. have nothing against sharing the same When we became independent, all of On the eve of a three-day visit by space. The only tension is that between our assets were taken by Russia, (we The courses offered are: UKR 100 us and Russia. received! a zero portion. Everything went (Beginners' Ukrainian), six credits; H1ST Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister Andre Ouellet to Ukraine at the end of March, І have this opinion that the Soviet to them and zero to us. immediately that 317 (20th Century Ukraine), three cred– Union didn't dissolve in 1991. it shrunk was reflected in our money. Now our its; and UKR 326 (Ukrainian Culture), he outlined some of his thoughts and feelings on various issues. to the size of Russia, (butj because they highest denomination is 100,000 karbo– six credits. have claimed a lot of former Soviet prop– vantsi (S3 Canadian). Tuition fees for a six-credit course are erty, they continue to do what they used My ambitions are to do everything to approximately S500 (Canadian) for to do: defend the imperialistic policy of strengthen Canada's relationship with undergraduate7graduate students, and the former Soviet Union. They have their Ukraine and make it an example to other S550 for unclassified students (which tentacles all around, wanting to grasp countries. includes foreign students). For a three- everybody from the Commonwealth of On Canadians in Ukraine: credit course the corresponding fees are independent States. (Canadian) Ambassador Francois Mathys approximately S300 and S350. On the future relationship between told me that at certain points each day, An agreement has been reached with the Ukrainian and Russian missions to there are hundreds of Canadian business- St. John's institute (a Ukrainian stu– the U.N.: Sometimes 1 think we are more men in Ukraine. Some of them come to dent's residence near campus) for sympathetic to them than somebody from the Canadian Embassy, others don't. accommodating students at a cost of the West. We know these people; we On the look of the Ukrainian approximately S650 (Canadian) per stu– fought fascism together. When we see Embassy in Canada: Our embassy isn't dent (includes room and board) for the Russia helping to find a solution in the very large, if it was the United States duration of the Summer School. former , we congratulate (mission!, they have 400 people. We Professionals might prefer staying at the them. have five diplomats. There's myself, Campus Tower, a suite hotel with com– On being a diplomat from an inde– Andriy vesselovsky, minister-counselor, plete kitchens for rates as low as S42 per pendent Ukraine: When we were fol– Yevhen Polishchuk, first secretary for night for a bachelor suite. lowing the steps of the Soviet Union, it culture, information and public affairs, Registration is limited. Students must was easier to follow somebody than to Mykhailo Tytarenko, first secretary for register by May 28. make your way yourself. But to represent trade and economy, and Yaroslav For more information contact: an independent Ukraine - this is the Asman, first secretary for the consular Ukrainian international Summer School, ambition of my life. section. Department of Slavic and East European On future relations between Of course, 1 would like to have two or Studies, 450 Arts Building, University of Ukraine and Russia: (Given the current! three times more people, but then this Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E6; economic pressures facing us, (Russia! building would be small-looking. We are (403) 492-3537; fax, (403) 492-9112. Ambassador viktor Batyuk must treat us like an equal. That's why now looking around for another building. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 The Ukrainian presence in the United States: Embassy of Ukraine

by Khristina Lew form of government for legislators in Ukraine: constitu– tional practice, Congressional activity, separation of Shortly after confirming independence with a powers, the function of the Supreme Court, the function December 1, 1991, referendum, Ukraine set out to prove of local government. its existence by setting up diplomatic representations The brunt of defending Ukraine's existence, however, abroad. The Ukrainian Foreign Ministry's latest list of falls on the Embassy's press and information counselor, diplomatic representations puts the number at 37 world- Dmitro Markov, who says that changing the media's wide, including permanent missions, embassies and pro-Russia bias is a hard struggle. "Ukraine is very consulates. Today, Ukraine is represented in all the unlucky — it is a successor state to the legislation of the Group of 7 industrial states except Japan, and most Soviet Union, but not to the media." With Russia con- recently opened an Embassy in Havana, Cuba. trolling the media, it will be difficult to break the Ukraine's Embassy to the United States is the largest media's association of Ukraine with missiles, said the of its diplomatic representations, both in size — the former editor-in-chief of Radio Ukraine. Embassy complex in Georgetown, an affluent section of Despite the impediments, Mr. Markov, who is the Washington, comprises five buildings — and staff— 30 only member of the Embassy's media staff, has attempt– total, 17 of whom are counselors (diplomats), the ed to expand media relations: in 1993, the Embassy remainder of whom are support, maintenance and released 71 press releases, afforded Ambassador Bilorus guard staff, in 1994 the Embassy staff in Washington 200 press exposures, held 13 press conferences and 40 will be augmented to 40, but that number is a far cry briefings. Mr. Markov is also working toward bringing from the number actually needed to run an embassy more Ukrainian journalists to the United States — effectively: in comparison, the Russian Embassy to the Ukraine has only one accredited journalist here — "so United States has over 500 employees. that the people of Ukraine know why close cooperation The lack of staff is due largely to financial con– is important with the United States." straints — the Ukrainian government cannot afford to send diplomats abroad. And the amount of work that Cooperation embargo needs to be done, which in the words of Dr. 01 eh Bilorus, Ukraine's ambassador to the United States, Cooperation between the two countries, however, did t(has accumulated over a period of 100 years, " must be not exist until May of last year, asserts Ambassador done in the next 10. Bilorus. in appointing a noted economist as ambassador This is the first in a series of articles examining the to the U.S. in May 1992, Ukraine had signaled its hope role of Ukraine's diplomatic representations in the that U.S.-Ukrainian relations would focus on economic United States. collaboration. This was not the case. І Khristina Lew І "in all of 1992 and half of 1993, all economic cooper– WASH1NGTON - Ukraine's existence in Ukrainian Ambassador Oleh Bilorus ation between Ukraine and the United States was in real– Washington has been an uphill struggle for positive ity blocked by the missile problem," said the Ukrainian recognition since its first representatives arrived in the signed a memorandum of understanding with a country ambassador. nation's capital in January 1992. Having burst onto the of the former Soviet Union. That first country was in 1992, the Bush administration had attempted to world scene as the third largest nuclear power only two Ukraine." strong-arm Ukraine into disarming without economic months earlier, Ukraine, for centuries a nation without While the defense staff of one continued to build and technical assistance or security guarantees. "The old a state, suddenly had the world's attention. But to its stronger U.S.-Ukrainian ties, the Embassy's political administration concentrated on Russian-U.S. coopera– chagrin, the issue of its vast nuclear arsenal only and legal division attempted to develop a bilateral rela– tion without taking Ukraine into account, it was one- served to block cooperation between it and the United tionship that for close to one year had been deadlocked sided denuclearization, and Ukraine could not work on States. over the missile issue. The political relationship, that plane," explained Dr. Bilorus. "During President Division of labor according to volodymyr Zabigailo, the Embassy's Kravchuk's May 1992 working visit to the United political and legal counselor since the summer of 1992, States, the two countries agreed to a new partnership, While certain divisions of the Embassy evolved grad– is based in part on the six documents signed by but in fact that partnership was not achieved." ually, like the consular section that protects the rights of President Leonid Kravchuk during his May 1992 visit The Clinton administration continued the strong- Ukrainian citizens in the U.S. and well as issues visas to to Washington that determine Ukraine's relationship arming tactics of its predecessor until May 1993, at foreigners traveling to Ukraine, others literally hit the with the U.S. regarding nuclear disarmament, nuclear which point, Ambassador Bilorus said, "the interest ground running, in 1993 alone, Col. ihor Smeshko, safety, technical and social assistance, agriculture and shifted from missiles to the economy, opening a new appointed the Embassy's Department of Defense, Army, aviation. page of bilateral relations." The ambassador credits the Navy and Air Force attache in October 1992, coordinat– The relationship is compounded by the more than 70 shift in U.S. policy to Ukraine's ability to demonstrate ed 18 bilateral visits between Ukraine and the United treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union, its potential as a stabilizing factor in Eastern Europe, its States. Ten of these took place in Washington. which he must review to ascertain whether they are importance as a security zone and its huge economic The only member of the Embassy's defense staff, applicable to Ukraine as a successor state of the USSR. potential. Col. Smeshko's efforts culminated in the July 1993 As the Embassy's political and legal diplomat, Mr. "With a stable Ukraine, the United States comes out signing of a Memorandum of Understanding and Zabigailo represents Ukraine's economic and political ahead, it is in its strategic interests to support an inde– Cooperation on Defense and Military Relations by then interests before the U.S. State Department, Congress, pendent, stable Ukraine, one which will thwart the Ukrainian Minister of Defense Kostyantyn Morozov public relations firms and the academic world. He is restoration of Russian imperialism," he said. and then Secretary of Defense Les Aspin. "For the first also tasked with presenting Ukrainian legislation to the According to Ambassador Bilorus, by the second half time in history," explained Col. Smeshko, "the Pentagon U.S. while analyzing various aspects of the American of 1993, U.S.-Ukrainian relations were no longer so stringently tied to Ukraine's missiles, and "serious and regular talks" between the two countries had begun. Ukraine faced the daunting task of both demilitarizing and rebuilding its manufacturing sector, 80 percent of which comprised the military industry. "The United States realized that Ukraine has a big economic poten– tial, and the new administration began taking appropri– ate steps to aid their partner in need." Taking its cue from the new spirit of cooperation, the Embassy was expanded to include a trade mission, head– ed by former Deputy Prime Minister for the Fuel-Power Complex Yuliy loffe. The trade mission commands three offices in the Embassy and is staffed by five people. Mr. loffe, who arrived in the U.S. in the fall of 1993, is opti– mistic that his mission will match American investors with their counterparts in Ukraine. "Those who come first to Ukraine will win," he said. According to volodymyr viassov, the Embassy's counselor for agribusiness cooperation, companies like Monsanto Co., Cargill and Avian Farms Enterprises inc. already have successful projects in Ukraine. New rela– tions with the Citizens Network Agribusiness Alliance (CNAA) and the Beltsville Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, which is cur– rently reviewing aid proposals for Ukraine, have also been established. Marked improvement in bilateral economic relations followed the January signing of the trilateral nuclear agreement by Ukraine, the United States and Russia. On Ukraine's Embassy to the United States, housed in the historic Forrest-Marbury Court complex. (Continued on page 14) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

IN THE PRESS THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Stress test for Ukraine About those By-Laws... by Janusz Bugajski ate essential market reforms, thereby contributing to economic stagnation and in late February, The Ukrainian Weekly published a special (undated) issue The parallels between pre-partition devoted to the proposed By-Laws of the Ukrainian National Association. At public disillusionment. Russia has assist– Bosnia and post-Soviet Ukraine are strik– ed the process by holding essential ener– about the same time, Svoboda also published the draft. Thus, the entire mem– ing. The upcoming Ukrainian elections, bership of the UNA throughout the United States and Canada, and the gy and raw material supplies hostage to with growing signs of nationalist radical- Ukraine's political malleability. Ukrainian community at large were notified of a major step in the life of this ism and separatism sponsored by Russia, 100-year-old fraternal organization: the revision of the UNA By-Laws. may well set Ukraine on a course of pro- As elsewhere in Eastern Europe, eco– The purpose of the special issue was not simply to notify UNA members, longed conflict more dangerous than the nomic hardships can easily be manifested whose duly elected delegates will vote on the proposed changes at the UNA Balkan struggle. Unfortunately, the in ethnic and regional divisions. convention beginning May 6 in Pittsburgh, its purpose also is to involve each United Nations and the U.S. administra– Although many Ukrainians claim they and every member of the Ukrainian National Association in a discussion of the tion have so far failed to heed the lesson live and work side by side with Russians organization's By-Laws. of how vulnerable new states can be and often intermarry, similar evidence of Even though there are only several hundred delegates representing some destabilized by predatory neighbors. tolerance and camaraderie was provided by Bosnians on the eve of their fratricidal 64,000 members at the quadrennial UNA convention, every member does indeed Both Bosnia and Ukraine were key war. it does not take many radicals to stir have a voice at that conclave either through hisTher branch's delegate or dele- republics for the central federal authori– an ethnic conflict, particularly if they are gates, or directly, as we shall explain below. First and foremost, members had a ties. Bosnia occupied a strategically backed by a powerful outside force, have voice at their respective branches' pre-convention meetings held to elect dele- important position in the former unhindered access to the mass media and gates. That round of meetings has now been completed, in accordance with the Yugoslavia it contained important arms can obtain a steady supply of offensive UNA By-Laws, and the Supreme Executive Committee is to officially approve production facilities and a large Serb pop– weaponry. the list of delegates during its next scheduled meeting, that is, on March 31. ulation. it also provided an essential terri– Also at that meeting, the Supreme Executive Committee will name a torial link with the Serb-occupied sec– in the past two years, Russian propa– Committee on Revision of UNA By-Laws; its members will be selected from tions of Croatia. Ukraine also has strate– ganda has successfully painted Ukraine as the lists of convention delegates. And here's where the membership can have gic value for Moscow, as a direct window a failed economic basket-case and nuclear additional or continued input as regards the new By-Laws. As provided in the on Europe, with a significant agricultural warmonger, it would not be difficult for existing UNA By-Laws, these "may be altered or amended at any regular or spe– and industrial potential. More than 22 the Moscow media, still a prime source of cial convention called for the purpose not less than by a two-thirds vote of the percent of the Ukrainian population is news and views for Russian speakers, to delegates of all branches, provided they are submitted in writing signed by one or ethnically Russian and many more are assert that the Ukrainian government is more members of the Committee on Revision of By-Laws and recommended in "Russian speakers," a catch-phrase for menacingly preparing to make Russians the report of said Committee for action at the Convention." expanding the range of "Russian security into second-class citizens. Moscow does That is why, readers may have noticed, the introduction to The Weekly's interests." not need instructions from Mr. Milosevic special issue of Proposed UNA By-Laws encouraged members to submit their Just as Serbia could not reconcile itself in this regard, if Russians can be con– comments and suggestions to the Committee on Revision of By-Laws by writ– to an independent and integral Bosnia, vinced that they made a mistake in voting ing to: UNA Supreme President Ulana Diachuk, Ukrainian National Russian leaders of all political persuasions for Ukrainian independence, civil conflict Association, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. cannot countenance the permanent loss of may be imminent. The Committee on Revision of By-Laws should not, however, be confused "little Russia." The comments of liberal The Crimean peninsula thereby with the Special UNA By-Laws Committee established in September 1990, at a Andrei Kozyrev and fascist viadimir becomes a test-case both for Russian special meeting of the UNA Supreme Assembly in accordance with a resolution Zhirinovsky differ little from the warnings intentions and Ukrainian reactions. adopted at the 32nd UNA Convention in Baltimore, which had recognized that of Slobodan Milosevic, vojislav Seselj Having elected a secessionist president, the UNA's By-Laws sorely needed updating and streamlining. The 16-member and other Serb leaders. the predominantly Russian population is special committee spent three and a half years working on a proposal for new The destabilization and partition of poised to vote March 27 in a referendum UNA By-Laws. The result of their efforts was a draft approved by the Supreme Bosnia-Hercegovina was planned and on independence and future federation Assembly at its 1993 meeting and subsequently published in late February. engineered months before Sarajevo's with Russia. Moscow can manipulate As readers will note there are some very obvious changes (e.g., the term declaration of independence in April Crimean disquiet to threaten Kyyiv with "supreme" is gone), some less obvious but important ones (such as the addition 1992. indeed the previous "ethnic war" the specter of national disintegration. of a director of fraternal affairs to the roster of UNA officers) and still other in Croatia provided ample opportunity But short of a major crackdown or changes that recognize entities that have existed within the UNA for years but for the Yugoslav army and Serb guerril– acceding to Russian domination, there is were never enshrined in the By-Laws (for example, district committees and that las to master the techniques of civil ter– little the Ukrainian government can do to other publication of the UNA, The Ukrainian Weekly). There are other changes, ror, ethnic eviction and forcible partition. pacify the Crimea. Either policy can of also, including a stipulation that no person who has reached age 70 can be eligi– Belgrade acted through surrogates and course backfire. A crackdown would ble for office in the UNA executive committee, new rules on assignments of proxies while mounting an intensive pro– spark bloodshed, and could encourage insurance benefits and gender-neutral language throughout. Some sections of paganda barrage against Croatian fas- the heavily Russian populated Donbas the old By-Laws have been removed from the proposed version and placed cists, islamic fundamentalists, vatican area to secede. Conversely, compromis– instead in various manuals (i.e., manuals on branches, the convention, benefi– and СІА conspirators, and German ing with Russia could fuel Ukrainian ciaries and proof of death, funds of the association, rates and benefits); a new revanchists. nationalism, particularly in the eastern manual has been created specifically for UNA district committees. Moscow has also acquired broad expe– part of the country, and also lead to eth– We draw our readers' attention to these changes, but at the same time we rience in low-intensity, inexpensive and nic strife and partition. urge all UNA members, and especially those elected as delegates to the con– often inauspicious conflicts in the smaller vention, to review the draft published in this newspaper, to discuss it with fel– So what can the West do to prevent an states of the "near abroad." During the low UNA'ers and to submit their comments to the Committee on Revision of even bloodier Bosnian-type conflict that past two years, Russian leaders have By-Laws. Finally, we urge delegates to come prepared to the 33rd UNA could lead directly to a Ukrainian-Russian either encouraged or acquiesced to seces– Convention in Pittsburgh, for they will decide what amendments to the By– war? Our means are limited but we are not sionist guerrilla wars in Moldova, Georgia Laws are adopted, and they will determine the future course of this exceptional completely helpless. First, it is essential and Azerbaijan, applying pressure on the and venerable 100-year-old institution. that we signal to Moscow, to both the fragile governments to rejoin the Russian- presidency and the Parliament, that the dominated Commonwealth. subversion, partition or reoccupation of Having fueled the initial conflicts, Ukraine by Russian proxies will place Moscow can then pose as the regional U.S.-Russian relations in deep freeze, if peacemaker defending its borders and the Ukrainian government can provide protecting allegedly threatened Russian credible evidence of Russian intervention, minorities. Russia's new military doc- credits and other forms of planned assis– trine unequivocally spells out its inter– tance will be held back, further arms con– ventionist intentions. From the outset, trol agreements will be placed in jeopardy, Belgrade has expressed similar objec– and all the Eastern European states will in the three years since the USSR finally disintegrated, the tives, even though its regional interests move that much faster toward NATO political climate in the area the Leviathan once controlled has are less grandiose and expansionist than membership. changed so drastically that a repetition of relatively recent events those of Russia. Second, we must urgently strengthen is difficult to imagine. A case in point: March 27 is not only the day that Ukrainian vot– Ukraine now stands on the brink of a our relations with Ukraine and help the ers go to the polls, hopefully to bring in a reinvigorated reform-minded Parliament, it is Bosnia-type cataclysm. All the seeds new government, following the March also an anniversary of Soviet oppression and cruelty. According to The Weekly editori– have been planted, and another harvest of general elections, to implement a sound al of April 1, 1990, the regime's crack troops in Lithuania "swooped down on hospi– Ukrainian sorrow may follow. Through economic reform package. Moreover, tals where ... deserters from the Soviet Army were being sheltered ... brutally beaten, its own quasi-socialist leaning, the Ukraine's participation in NATO's bloodied and dragged" out of their sanctuary. That same day, the Soviet Foreign Ukrainian government has failed to initi– Partnership for Peace program must be Ministry ordered all foreigners, including journalists and diplomats to leave given the highest priority to signal that Lithuania, charging that their presence was "escalating tensions." Janusz Bugajski is director of East Washington is serious about preserving This barbarism galvanized the Lithuanian independence movement, but it also had a European studies at the Center for Ukraine's integrity and independence. profound effect on Ukraine. On April 1, The day The Weekly ran its editorial, 200,000 Strategic and international Studies. This The U.S. government must now take the protesters throughout Ukraine defied a ban imposed by the government of the Ukrainian article is reprinted, with permission, from initiative before it is faced with a much SSR and demonstrated to support the Lithuanian people's right to self-determination. the March 15 issue of The Washington more serious regional crisis than the Source: The Ukrainian Weekly, Nos. 13-14 (April 1, H), Уоі LYlll, 1990. Times. Bosnian war. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 7 COUNTDOWN TO ELECTlONS: Consider the possibilities... Stasiuk Program by Danylo Yanevsky Outcome Я4 Not the least important here is the likelihood that tensions between Kyyiv Following is an excerpt of an analysis conducts stuay Between the March 27 and April 10 and regional administrations would sig– of the upcoming elections by Danylo elections, 226-300 deputies are elected, nificantly increase. Yanevsky of Kyyiv which appeared in the that is, the minimum which can pass One of the sources of this tension of elections March 14 issue (Wol. 1, No. 7) of the essential acts of legislation. would be the lack of clearly defined lines Eastern Economist, a weekly publication When asked "Would you open an offi– EDMONTON - The Stasiuk of authority in the Constitution. Another that focuses on working and investing in cial session of the in Program for the Study of Contemporary source would be due to the fact that the Ukraine. (For subscription information, this case?" CEC Chair ivan Yemets Ukraine, a component of the Canadian oblast governors and the mayors of readers may call the newsletter's Kyyiv replied that he unequivocally would. institute of Ukrainian Studies (C1US), Kyyiv and Sevastopil are elected by the office at 7-044-295-40-95.) has launched a major project on the However, in this situation the general population, making them rela– in his article, Mr. Yanevsky provides Ukrainian parliamentary elections, the verkhovna Rada would be ineffective for tively independent of the central govern– the following six scenarios for possible first to take place in Ukraine since its all intents and purposes. Chosen accord– ment in many aspects. outcomes of the parliamentary elections. ing to absolute majority rather than a declaration of independence more than As to the newly elected verkhovna proportional system, which allows party two years ago. A closer look at the upcoming parlia– Rada, it would be confronted with the lists of candidates, the newly elected The project consists of gathering mentary elections is revealing. Consider following immediate problems: exhaustive material on the campaign, deputies would be unable to form any 9 the possibilities... adopting a new Constitution; legitimate political majority. building a database on the candidates, m establishing a clearly structured gov– Outcome ft 1 and organizing large-scale electoral sur– This, in turn, would mean that the ernmental hierarchy that would define verkhovna Rada could only resolve veys. Dr. Dominique Arel of McGill Not a single deputy is elected or re- the relationship between and responsibil– issues such as organizing its own work, University is in charge of the project and elected to the Parliament. ities of the legislative, executive, judicial forming certain operational bodies (an is working in cooperation with Dr. According to existing legislation, the and regional branches of government; Andrew Wilson of Cambridge administration, standing and working 9 Central Electoral Committee (CEC) must legislating mechanisms for dealing committees), and choosing a temporary University, England. Both are academic then call for new elections. On May 10, a with conflicts of interest and authority presidium, it would be empowered to experts on contemporary Ukrainian poli– new cycle would begin, with the nomina– between the various branches of govern– consider and approve only items of a sec– tics. Dr. Arel is a former C1US doctoral tion of candidates and the obligatory col- ment. ondary order, those which would not fellow and has written several articles on lection of signatures to register officially. Of course, the most fundamental and affect the core interests of the newly politics in contemporary Ukraine. Dr. The first round of these elections would significant result of the resolution of these elected deputies and the forces support– Wilson is the co-author of "Ukraine: take place around August 10, and their issues would be the evolution of Ukraine ing them. This would give rise to the for– Perestroika to independence," just co- run-offs August 24. if once again all 450 from a centralized to a federal state. published by C1US Press. deputies fail to be elected or re-elected, the mation of factions of deputies of no less Of all the post-Communist electoral cycle would begin again September 24. than 20 members each. The worst case„.for now laws in Eastern Europe and the former Theoretically, under the current Resolving essential issues - the con– The fifth and sixth cases bring up the Soviet Union, the Ukrainian electoral Ukrainian election law, the cycle of par– sideration and adoption of a new question of what the composition of this law is the only one that does not provide liamentary elections could become Constitution and electoral law, the ratifi– new verkhovna Rada might be. for the allocation of at least a certain never-ending. At the same time, the pre– cation of international agreements and The electoral system in Ukraine is number of parliamentary seats according sent or old verkhovna Rada continues to other Constitutional decisions exclusive– structured so that voters will not be giv– to what is called a "party list," i.e., votes govern until the election of a new Rada, ly in the competency of the verkhovna ing their voices to one or another party, ascribed to a party, not to a local candi– but not beyond its five-year term, which Rada - would be impossible. but to individual candidates. Obviously, date. ends in March 1995. Outcome Я5 with the urban vote representing approxi– in Ukraine, as in Canada, all seats are mately 70 percent of parliamentary seats, Outcome Я2 Between 301 and 350 deputies are determined by the election of specific a number of Communist candidates are candidates in individual constituencies. All 450 seats in the verkhovna Rada elected to the verkhovna Rada. likely to win their ridings, particularly in Officially, 301 is the so-called constitu– Unlike Canadian parties, however, are successfully won between March 27 the south and the east. Ukrainian parties remain undeveloped, and April 10. tional majority, that is, the number of in rural ridings, which control the votes needed to amend the Constitution so that most candidates running for a seat in this case, Article 99 of the remaining 30 percent, the Agrarian Party are officially "independent." Ukraine Constitution says "the verkhovna Rada of to, say, eliminate the presidency or of Ukraine dominates. The APU is pre– reduce the number of seats in the may have more than 20 political parties Ukraine will be called to its first session by dominantly the party of the "red feudal involved in the campaign, such as Rukh, the Presidium of the verkhovna Rada no Parliament from 450 to the actually lords" - heads of local administrations, elected number. the Socialist Party of Ukraine and the later than two months after elections." The and collective and state farms. Ukrainian Republican Party, but in all Central Electoral Committee chair calls a Theoretically it is possible that this The presence of 25 to 40 percent number of elected members would prove likelihood most successful candidates meeting of the verkhovna Rada. This first Communist and agrarian deputies will will not owe their election to a party. plenary session is conducted by a tempo– to be enough to adopt new laws, to form mean the effective death of any and all This singular feature of the electoral rary presidium of five, whose term ends a government, to determine a budget, and domestic and external market reforms. law, combined with the distinct outlook after the election of a speaker and perma– so on. The most important point here is The issue of nuclear disarmament also that has long characterized the eastern nent presidium by the verkhovna Rada. the fact that this number of deputies becomes jeopardized. APU Leader regions as opposed to the central and in theory, each of these scenarios is would be enough to cancel the pre-term Serhiy Dovhan stated recently in the western ones, means that a study of the possible, in reality, neither is probable. presidential and regional elections, now paper Nezavisimost, "NATO is dictating election must go beyond the central level set for June 26. its terms and considers itself lord over all Outcome ЯЗ and be solidly grounded in regional and ...it will bring us to our knees." Outcome Я6 local campaigns. Fewer than 225 deputies are elected to An understanding of all these possible Thanks to funds provided by the the new verkhovna Rada, that is, less 350 or more deputies are elected to the scenarios may be what allowed President Stasiuk Program, a network of researchers than the minimum necessary to open an verkhovna Rada. Kravchuk at a March 11 press confer– was established in all major regions of official session under law. This number would make a presiden– ence to describe the upcoming elections Ukraine, gathering biographical and cam– As in Outcome ^1, the CEC must call tial election and regional elections on as nothing more than an "all-Ukrainian paign data on all deputies, analyzing how for new elections and the present or old June 26 unavoidable. That Leonid political striptease," adding that "in this issues are played out locally, and docu– verkhovna Rada continues to govern Kravchuk would suffer a devastating situation, the president has a great menting all electoral results. Contrary to until the election of a new Rada, but not defeat in these elections is also without responsibility not to stoop to the level of Western practice, detailed results for indi– beyond its five-year term, which ends in doubt. those running for election." vidual constituencies are not provided by March 1995. One of its main tasks must According to the latest poll carried out These results are no surprise to anyone the central authorities and must be be to change the present electoral law to by the Socis Center and the Center for in Ukraine, and certainly not to its presi– obtained regionally. correspond to the norms of the civilized Democratic initiatives in February dent. world. President Leonid Kravchuk can count on Stasiuk funds will also make possible The head of state and his advisors the organization of a survey during the A worrisome possibility is that a the support of only 7.3 percent of voters, have long been seeking ways of preserv– campaign. Going far beyond merely ask– morass of completely absurd problems in the 1991 election, he received over 60 ing their power that would at the same ing about how people intend to vote, the might arise in this situation, problems percent of the vote. The most significant time avoid mass reactions or civil distur– survey will elicit views on a variety of which might also be potentially very dan– result for domestic politics would be the bances of whatever political bent - issues, such as privatization, relations gerous, insofar as they cannot be regulat– probable election of former Premier understanding perfectly well that the with Russia, the Crimea, language, poli– ed by existing legislation and might well Leonid Kuchma in his place. responsibility for any social unrest would tics, and so forth, and correlate these cause the operation of the verkhovna The results of regional (oblast) council be laid squarely at the feet of President views with the ethnic, linguistic, regional Rada to grind to a complete halt. elections in this scenario are impossible Kravchuk and his team. and professional background of respon– For example: Deputy Petrenko from to predict. No political force in Ukraine Presidential international Service dents. Novokyyivskiy District of the City of today has the necessary support to carry Director Anton Buteiko indirectly con- According to the Canadian institute of Kyyiv is challenged by Ms. Baran, who all three levels of elections, (that is, the firmed this in an interview during the carries the riding in the March 27 election. presidency, the Parliament and the Ukrainian Studies, the results of this March 3-7 U.S. visit, saying that for the investigation will be published in spe– Does Ms. Baran, who has a clear mandate regions), it is clear that in this scenario most part the proposals presented to the from the electorate, have the right to take the regions will find themselves under cialized post-Soviet journals, as well as U.S. side by its Ukrainian counterparts in general political science or public Mr. Petrenko's seat? Can Mr. Petrenko the control of a large number of inexperi– were prepared in March 1993, that is, at insist on staying in a seat for which he enced and not very competent people, affairs forums accessible to a larger audi– the height of the U.S.-Russian "honey- ence. clearly has no mandate simply because he since the more competent and experi– moon." is a member of the old Parliament? Better enced politicians will all have been elect– For information, readers may contact yet, who decides this question? ed to higher offices. (Continued on page 17) the C1US, (403) 492-2972. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

recent party conference when a former Belarus and Russia and has described the before. They only arose because of the The Donbas factor... Communist prime minister, vitaliy recent events in Belarus, when Supreme influence of nationalist movements after 26 (Continued from page 3) Masol, asserted: "The main aim of Soviet Chairman Stanislau Shushkevich the break-up of the Soviet Union." Western aid is to turn Ukraine into a was toppled by conservatives, as having 9 lntermovement of the Donbas. on March 27. voters will be asked the 22 colony. We do not need the active "boosted morale in his party." Dmitriy Kornilov founded the same questions as in neighboring involvement of the West in our affairs, lntermovement of the Donbas in 1989 to Donetske Oblast, with the exception of The Civic Congress of Ukraine. The instead we have to be oriented more oppose the introduction of Ukrainian as the one on federalization.13 chairman of this political movement is toward Russia, we have to look to the Aleksandr Bazeliuk, who also hopes to the sole state language, it is part of the Parties and political forces C1S markets."20 be elected to the Parliament on March 27. Civic Congress. Mr. Kornilov wants m The Socialist Party of Ukraine. He too advocates the restoration of the regional autonomy for the Donbas within As elsewhere in the country, the Sergei Kiasko, a teacher at the Donetske Soviet Union, or at least the formation of a federal Ukraine, as well as dual citizen- majority of candidates in the parliamen– Polytechnical institute, who is also a can– a union of the Slavic nations of Ukraine, ship and Russian as a state language tary elections in the Donbas have not didate in the elections, leads the party Russia, Belarus and possibly Russian- alongside Ukrainian. He regards the rise been nominated by political parties and locally. As the party has inherited many dominated parts of Kazakhstan; he of Ukrainian nationalism as a "fascist" are standing as independents. The candi– of the former communist structures in believes that "the destruction of the threat. "1 want the former Soviet Union dates who represent political parties are local industry, it is likely to be able to Soviet Union was the biggest crime of to be restored," he says, while adding: mainly adherents of strong pro-Russian 23 count on quite a large following, it is also the second half of the 20th century." "Our main aim is to struggle for the and left-wing parties demanding regional more social-democratic in orientation Mr. Bazeliuk envisages a step-by-step defense of human rights. Human rights autonomy within Ukraine, in Donetske than the Communist Party (with which it approach to achieving reunification - stand above the rights of nations and Oblast, for instance, 563 candidates have 27 has formed an electoral alliance) and first economic union, then joining the states." been registered in 47 electoral districts: therefore more likely to reach a compro– ruble zone, and then a single customs 9 The Liberal Party. This party is led 312 candidates have been proposed by mise with moderate reformers. union. The movement's program blames locally by ihor Markulov, who told the voters, 161 by work collectives and only Mr. Kiasko advocates a single OS the "nationalist" Rukh for all the ills fac– author that, although he is not standing 90 by political parties. Sixty-one of the currency and wishes to see cultural and ing the country and region. "Nationalism for election to the Parliament, he intends candidates nominated by political parties to run in the presidential elections in June are representatives of pro-Russian and 1994. The party's program maintains that left-wing parties (28 Communists and 15 "a strong executive power is the guaran– Socialists), 17 represent the Liberal tor of social stability."28 Party, 11 the Labor Party of Ukraine, No fewer than a third of the deputies to One of the party's candidates in the only nine candidates represent the nation– Ukraine's legislature will be elected from parliamentary elections is Sergei al-democratic Rukh Party and the Tokarev, a local businessman. He states Ukrainian Republican Party, and only the country's five easternmost oblasts. it is that one of the party's priorities is social one represents the more radical national– 14 reforms that serve the interests of the ist Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists. likely they will seek greater regional people and that guarantee social protec– There appears to be strong support in autonomy; will press for Russian to he tion to the population, such as a free eastern Ukraine for the interregional health service and free education. He is Bloc for Reforms of former Prime also for a federal Ukraine, one that will Minister Leonid Kuchma and volodymyr made a second state language; and will 15 maintain close economic relations with Hryniov. A poll conducted in Donetske seek closer relations with Russia and the OS but will not enter the ruble zone, after the parliamentary elections in as "this would mean the loss of Russia is indicative of this tendency. greater integration into the C1S. Ukrainian independence." He also favors Asked which Ukrainian parties or blocs two state languages, though he considers they would vote for, 71.1 percent opted it more important to concentrate on solv– for the Kuchma-Hryniov bloc; 13.2 per– economic - but not political - autonomy ing economic issues, "because there is cent were in favor of the bloc of is the ideology of collapse," he declares, for the Donbas within a Ukrainian feder– adding that "right now we have Rukh to not really a problem with the Socialists and Communists led by 29 ation. "1 think the pro-Russian forces are languages." The party consists mainly Oleksander Moroz and Petro thank for the collapse, because power is strong and will continue to be strong, but 24 of small businessmen and entrepreneurs Symonenko; and only 9.6 percent said in their hands." 6 that does not mean that the Donbas will as well as former Komsomol leaders. they would vote for Rukh.' Among the spokesmen for the Civic 9 secede from Ukraine," he says. "The pro- The Strike Committee. Mikhail Krilov The interregional Bloc for Reforms. Congress are two key east Ukrainian law- Soviet forces will probably press for a is co-chairman of the regional Strike One of the priorities of the interregional makers who are both standing as inde– strengthening of the OS, but we do not Committee representing about 120,000 Bloc for Reform is to build a strategic pendent candidates in the coming elec– want to restore the old Soviet Union. We miners in one of the two independent trade partnership with Russia and to give the tions. want something similar to it." unions, and is also a candidate in the parlia– regions more political and economic One of them is Yuriy Boldyrev, the mentary elections. The Strike Committee's decision-making powers. Mr. Kiasko concedes that there are deputy chairman of the Donetske City some groups in who program differs little from that of the Civic Characteristically, Mr. Hryniov noted: Council and former'head of the miners' Congress and the Labor Party. Regarding "Today there is a clear threat that we may believe that pro-Russian forces in the east movement. He has a three-point program. want his region to secede, in reality, he autonomy as the prerequisite for economic lose our independence, because our inde– First, Ukraine should consist of local fed– survival, it seeks regional independence pendence, which was based not on a maintains, the majority of people in the erations of self-governing districts, east are quite loyal in this respect and within a federal Ukraine. "We want to be national idea but on economic prosperity, because "Ukraine itself is an unreal phe– our own masters and sell our own coal. is being ruined by the economic situa– desire only regional self-government and nomenon that was created by Stalin." that the specific cultural features of their Nothing has changed, because before tion. Therefore one has to realize that the The consequences of the Molotov– Moscow was the center and now-it is only way to a free-market economy is to region be taken into account. He there- Ribbentrop pact (which resulted in fore wants Russian as a second state lan– work with Russia, in a team. The cooper– Western Ukraine being "liberated" from (Continued on page 20) ation with Russia must be a strategic one, guage. Poland by Soviet troops) "will be raised which means Ukraine and Russia should Another of his priorities is the defense again," he says. 13 Author's interview by telephone with share plans concerning military action, of the working man; hence he proposes Second, it is his aim to preserve the Oleh Kotliar, deputy chairman of the 17 external policy and economic policy." social guarantees including free educa– "common culture" of Russians and Luhanske Oblast Council, March 21. m The Labor Party of Ukraine. This is tion, health care and a guaranteed supply Ukrainians by having two state lan– 14 Data obtained by the author from the the party most widely supported in the of basic food items and energy. "Workers guages. Third, he says, Ukraine must Ukrainian Central Polling Commission, are scared by the nightmare that comes Kyyiv, on March 19. region and is also known as the "party of concentrate on its "natural" eastern mar– 15 red directors." it is led locally by Mykola with the free market; high prices, lack of kets, because the West is not interested in On the 1BR, see Wasylyk, "Ukraine on Azarov, who is a candidate in the parlia– food, unemployment, absence of law and Ukraine's stability. Consequently, the Eve...." 16 Aktsent (Donetske), January 1. mentary elections. He advocates econom– order, and the further polarization of Ukraine must have common tax, cus– 17 society." Mr. Kiasko's "anti-crisis pro- Author's interview with Yolodymyr ic union with Russia as a means of toms, currency and banking systems with Hryniov in Kyyiv, October 1993. gram" differs little from that of the Labor 25 reversing the decline of the economy, Russia. 18 Author's interview with Mykola Azarov Party.21 regional autonomy within a Ukrainian The other lawmaker is Aleksandr in Donetske, February 8. federation, and the institution of two state 9 The Communist Party of Ukraine. 19 interfax Ukraine, January 25. Charodeyev, known for his constant 20 languages. His aim is to "combine ele– The local leader is Giorgiy Віко, who is attacks on all forms of Ukrainian nation– Conference of the Labor Party in ments of a state– and market-led econo– also running for election. His aim is to alism. He regards himself as "an anti-fas- Donetske, January 28-29. 18 21 Author's interview with Sergei Kiasko my," in order to guarantee the social restore the Soviet Union and to stop the cist, because there is a possibility that the protection of the population. The party is economic decline. "With the restoration in Donetske, February 8. ultranationalists will be in power in the 22 Author's interview with Giorgiy Віко. opposed to radical market reforms. of the former order, stability will return," 23 future and they are ready to provoke Author's interview with Aleksandr it has close links with key local figures he argues. "We cannot exist without political terror." He advocates close ties Bazeliuk in Donetske, February 8. in the central government, most notably Russia." He believes that "basic indus– with the OS, because he regards all 24 Program of the Civic Congress, issued acting Prime Minister Yukhym tries such as coal and energy have to problems in Ukraine through the prism of in Donetske, February. 25 Zviahilsky, who is the former mayor of belong to the state." an east-west divide. The two parts of Author's interview with Yuriy Boldyrev in Donetske, February 7. Donetske, and Deputy Prime Minister Mr. Віко claims that his party's pro- Ukraine are "like different planets," he 26 valentyn Landyk. The latter supports full gram will secure "socio-economic stabili– argues. "Nobody dreamt of independence Author's interview with Aleksandr ty within only one-and-a-half to two for Ukraine and nobody in the east ever Charodeyev in Donetske, February 7. membership of the OS economic union 27 Author's interview with Dmitriy for Ukraine and has expressed the hope years." He advocates two state lan– felt suppressed by the Russians. Russians Kornilov in Donetske, February 7. that President Leonid Kravchuk will guages, dual citizenship, a return to the and Ukrainians were very close. West 28 Election program of the Liberal Party, 19 eventually agree to this. ruble zone and an open border with Ukraine was for centuries part of a differ– issued in Donetske, February. The anti-Westernism of some of the Russia. He was also encouraged by the ent political and ethnic system. There 29 Author's interview with Sergei Tokarev party's members became apparent at a proposed monetary union between were no inter-ethnic conflicts here in Donetske, February 9. No. із THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 9

regions in the over-all make-up of the Parliament, the Election eve... regional districts have been clustered into four geograph– (Continued from page 1) ic regions. Each region, owing to historic and demo- in the apportioning of graphic factors, has its own particular views on the polit– try's newly formed armed forces, which enjoy wide ical, economic and security questions facing Ukraine. popular support, deterred outside aggression and played seats to the new peacekeeping and humanitarian roles in areas of civil in the apportioning of seats to the new Parliament, the and ethnic unrest, such as the former Yugoslavia, four regions will represented as follows: eastern Parliament, the four Moldova and Georgia. Ukraine, 152 seats; western Ukraine, 95 seats; central Mindful of Russia's imperialist past, the Parliament Ukraine, 135 seats; and , 68 seats. rejected efforts by the Commonwealth of independent Electoral regions are further divided into urban and rural regions will be represents States (OS) to promote greater political integration and districts; with eastern Ukraine having the heaviest con– collective security arrangements, but it did agree to ini– centration of urban districts and the ed as follows: eastern tial an economic treaty that gave Ukraine associate largest number of rural districts. member status in the economic union, it can be argued issues on the voters' minds Ukraine, 152 seats; west– that the Parliament's actions prevented the OS from serving as a conduit to Russian hegemony on the territo– Two nationwide polls released in February indicate ern Ukraine, 95 seats; ry of Ukraine, in the area of nuclear non-proliferation, that the poor state of Ukraine's economy is the issue parliamentary approval of the START 1 agreement (after uppermost on the minds of voters, in a nationwide sur– initial reservations) put Ukraine on the path of fulfilling vey of 1,677 Ukrainian citizens taken by the Kyyiv central Ukraine, 135 its declared intention of gradually ridding itself of institute of Sociology and the Kyyiv Mohyla Academy, nuclear weapons. 71 percent of the respondents were worried about the seats; and southern economy. Relations with Russia were the second most The most disappointing aspect of the Parliament's frequently mentioned problem (named by 47 percent of record lay in the economic sphere. Having held out the all respondents), followed by crime (43 percent).6 The Ukraine, 68 seats, promise to Ukrainian voters that they would be better survey showed that concern about the economy was off economically if they voted for independence from higher in the country's eastern (78 percent) and southern Moscow in the referendum of December 1, 1991, the (73 percent) regions than in the western (67 percent) and Ukraine's roughly 30 political parties can be divided Parliament during the first two years of independence central (68 percent) regions.7 failed to raise the country's living standards and embark into four main political orientations. From left to right, on a bold course of economic reform, indeed, the When asked whether they intended to participate in the these orientations can be classified as socialist-commu– Parliament's inability to break with its socialist past, upcoming parliamentary elections, 52 percent of the nist, centrist-liberal, national-democratic and nationalist- combined with contradictory laws and presidential respondents answered yes, 33 percent said no, and 15 per– radical. decrees, have left Ukrainian entrepreneurs and con– cent were undecided, voters in Ukraine's western and The socialist-communists include the Socialist and sumers confused and disillusioned with the govern– central regions were more likely to say they would vote Communist Parties of Ukraine, the Workers' Party, and (57 percent) than those in the eastern (48 percent) and ment's half-hearted attempts to promote economic the Union of Communists. Their economic platform southern (47 percent) regions.8 The likelihood of voting change. At the same time, foreign investment projects calls for a planned economy, an end to privatization, and appeared to increase with age: 62 percent of those over 60 planned for Ukraine have been placed on hold until strict controls on imports and exports. Their foreign pol– years of age intended to vote, as opposed to 58 percent Kyyiv gives a clear signal that it is serious about getting icy course favors the renewal of the Soviet Union, and between the ages of 46 and 60, 47 percent between the most believe that Ukraine should rid itself of nuclear economic reforms under way. 9 ages of 31 and 45, and 43 percent below the age of 30. weapons. Among the leadership of the outgoing Candidates and incumbents in a similar poll of 1,200 respondents conducted by Parliament, Socialists and Communists chaired a num– Socis-Gallup in early February, 75 percent of the ber of important legislative commissions, particularly in On March 27, Ukraine's electorate of 38.2 million respondents stated that the country was heading in the the areas of legal reform, economics, production, state will choose from among 5,835 or so registered candi– wrong direction. They ranked food prices, the inability sovereignty and agriculture. dates1 competing for 450 seats in the new Parliament.2 to make ends meet, and crime as the three most trou– The centrist-liberals include the Party for the Of the deputies currently in office, 150 are seeking re- bling issues.10 election. According to the Central Election Commission, Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, the National Party, the When asked what should be done to end Ukraine's Liberal Party, the Ukrainian Social-Democratic Party, 3,633 candidates have been nominated by voter groups, economic crisis, participants in the Socis-Gallup poll 643 by political parties, and 1,557 by workers' collec– the Ukrainian Party of Justice, the Party for the 3 opted for the following remedies: 1) an effective eco– Renaissance of Crimea, the Constitutional Democratic tives. nomic program should be formulated by specialists and A number of leading figures in the outgoing Party, the Citizens' Congress of Ukraine, the Workers' implemented by the government (39 percent of all Congress of Ukraine, and New Ukraine, among others. Parliament have chosen not to run for re-election. respondents); 2) a new government should be formed Among the most prominent members of the parliamen– As a group, most of these parties espouse the tenets of (37.6 percent); and 3) Parliament should adopt laws to classical European liberalism, including individual tary leadership whose names will not be on the ballot 11 create a market economy (33.5 percent). When asked rights, democracy and private property ownership. They are: Mykola Shulha, the chairman of Committee on if they would agree to limitations on national sovereign– State Sovereignty, Mykola Bagrov, the chairman of the favor privatization and the development of small busi– ty in order to improve the country's economic situation, ness in Ukraine. Some liberal groups are strong advo– Crimean Parliament; valentyna Yeshchenko, the chair- 43.1 percent of the respondents said yes, 33.4 percent person of the Committee on Health; , the cates of a federalist system, and most support a restruc– said no, 8.4 percent were indifferent, and 15.1 percent turing of Ukraine's government to augment the power of deputy chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; did not know.12 and Yevhen Novytsky, the deputy chairman of the the national and regional executive at the expense of the Differences in respondents' attitudes toward the econo– legislative branch. They differ on relations with Russia Committee on Oblast and Local Council Relations. my were surprisingly small in both surveys, whether com– Other parliamentarians not seeking re-election include and the value of the OS economic union. Most centrist- parison was made between urban and rural dwellers or on liberals oppose retention of nuclear weapons. Centrist- , the former leader of Rukh; Oleksander the basis of age, level of education, or ethnicity. Across Yemets, the minister of migration and nationality liberals held few leadership positions in the outgoing the board, Ukrainian voters seemed to be hoping that the Parliament. affairs; and volodymyr Tolubko, a strong supporter of a elections would bring to office reform-minded deputies nuclear Ukraine. The national-democrats are composed of Rukh, the committed to reversing declining living standards. Democratic Party of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Republican Five sets of incumbents will challenge each other for views on how to remedy the country's economic ills, seats in the new Parliament. , the leader Party, the Liberal-Democratic Party, the Christian however, did vary among regions, in eastern Ukraine, Democrats and the Green Party, among others. Many of the Ukrainian Republican Party, and Stepan Khmara, respondents overwhelmingly perceived the C1S econom– the leader of the Ukrainian Conservative Republican national-democratic leaders are former Soviet-era politi– ic treaty as the instrument that would most help the cal prisoners who place a premium on individual rights Party, will compete for the 261st electoral district in country overcome its economic difficulties by opening Lviv. volodymyr Hryniov, a former deputy chairman of and the Ukrainian national character. Economically, up the Russian market to Ukrainian producers, in fact, they favor private property ownership, privatization, and the Parliament, will face Rukh member Henrykh officials in Donetske Oblast have placed a referendum Altunian in the 376th electoral district in Kharkiv. in the question on the March 27 ballot asking the 3.9 million (Continued on page 10) Transcarpathian region, Transportation Minister Orest voters in the region to express their attitude on closer Klympush will challenge viktor Bed in the 172nd dis– integration with the OS. in western and central Ukraine, 4 trict. in Luhanske's 241st electoral district, Communist on the other hand, there is much less support for closer 1 See Oleksander Bittner, "in the Central Election deputies viktor Bondarenko and vasyl Kozarenko will economic ties with the OS, with most voters preferring Commission," Uriadovyi Kurier, February 26. 5 compete against one another. And in ivano-Frankivske, that Ukraine rely on "its own devices." 2 For a discussion of Ukraine's new electoral law, see Myron Mykola Kovalenko will challenge volodymyr Shlemko Political parties Wasylyk, "Ukraine Prepares for Parliamentary Elections," in the 200th electoral district. RFE7RL Research Report, No. 5, February 4. With the majority of incumbents not seeking re-elec– Nationwide, support for political parties and their 3 Bittner, "in the Central...." tion, the contests for parliamentary seats will bring to candidates remains low in Ukraine. As the election 4 Oleh Pokalchuk, "in Transcarpathia, Power Will Have No office many new faces. Only time will tell if these politi– approaches, however, surveys indicate that the populari– Problems with Power," UN1AN Weekly views, Comments and cal newcomers can steer Ukraine away from its socialist ty of political parties is growing. Public acceptance of Prognosis (Kyyiv), No. 7, 1994, p. 3. legacy and onto the path of legal and economic reform parties is greatest in western Ukraine and Kyyiv, where 5 Petro Shevchenko, "Luhanske: Sprint Rather than that many voters seek. traditions of civic activism have the deepest roots. Marathon," ibid., No. 6, p. 4. Communist and Socialist parties enjoy strong backing in 6 Districts and regions "The Economy is the Most Worrisome," Holos Ukrainy, eastern Ukraine, where membership in the Communist February 17. Ukraine's 450 electoral districts have been grouped Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was a prerequisite to 7 ibid. by the Central Election Commission into 27 regional upward mobility in the region's powerful military- 8 ibid. districts, comprising Ukraine's 24 oblasts plus special industrial complex. Political parties draw a dispropor– 9 ibid. districts for the cities of Kyyiv and Sevastopil and the tionate amount of their support from urban areas; in gen– 10 See "The Economic and Political index of Ukraine" Crimean Autonomous Republic. Each electoral district eral, they have failed to establish strong followings in (Kyyiv: Socis-Gallup, January) is made up of roughly 80,000 voters. the rural areas and small villages that account for one- 11 ibid. To demonstrate the numerical strength of Ukraine's third of Ukraine's population. 12 ibid. 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

tial administration following the August 1991 putsch in Lukianenko. The UDC's strongest partner is Rukh, Election eve... Moscow and Ukraine's declaration of independence. headed by vyacheslav Chornovil, who predicts that the (Continued from page 9) The Party of Power remains entrenched in positions of national-democrats will win roughly 20 percent of the authority in large part because no new national political seats in the new Parliament. land and agricultural reform. They favor a unitary gov– elite has yet emerged to displace it. in recent months, Nationwide, the Ukraina coalition is fielding 342 can– ernment structure with wide political powers vested in however, the ruling establishment has come to realize that didates. it strongest base of support is in western the executive branch. These groups oppose Ukraine's economic reforms in Ukraine must move forward if the Ukraine and Kyyiv, but it also has hopes of winning ties with the C1S and continue to work toward building country is to sustain its political independence, in the some seats in some pro-Ukrainian industrial centers of strong links with European political, economic and past, movement on any political issue by the Party of eastern Ukraine. security structures. Some national-democrats believe Power occurred only after organized opposition had been Both blocs contain within their ranks a number of that Ukraine should remain a nuclear power as a deter– neutralized, thereby allowing the Party of Power to act as economic reformers who favor the introduction of pri– rent to Russian aggression, in the outgoing Parliament, the supreme arbiter between Ukraine's quarreling politi– vate property, land and agricultural reform, and the national-democrats chaired the committees on foreign cal factions. affairs, environment, Chornobyl and economic reform. restructuring of Ukraine's vast military-industrial com– The nascent and unformed state of Ukraine's political plex. Economists in both coalitions have worked jointly The nationalist-radicals include the Ukrainian system, combined with state control of the mass media on a number of programs and share some legislative as Conservative Republican Party, the National Conservative and industry, has reduced the transparency of public well as executive branch experience. Should the 1BR Party, the National Conservative Party, the Congress of institutions and given a small cadre of bureaucrats con– and the UDC join forces, it is estimated they could cap– Ukrainian Nationalists, the Organization of Ukrainian trol over the levers of executive and legislative authori– ture most of the important leadership positions in the Nationalists, the Ukrainian National Assembly and the ty. in the years since independence, however, the lack of new Parliament and form the next government. Ukrainian National Self-Defense Organization (UNSO), a unifying political vision and an ideology capable of While economics unites the 1BR and the UDC, the among others. Their views differ on the state's economic guiding Ukraine in its nation-building process has role, with some groups advocating massive privatization political direction of the country and its foreign policy caused the Party of Power gradually to lose its political and others supporting continued state control over large strategy are two issues that divide the groups. The cohesiveness. These factors, combined with widespread sectors of the economy. The nationalist-radicals favor national-democrats distrust Russia, are eager for closer corruption, have led to rivalries within the ruling appara– strong executive authority and a strong army, and they integration with Europe, and advocate stronger state tus as various small groups compete for influence. have called for the creation of self-defense organizations structures, as captured by the Rukh slogan "Statehood, to battle crime and "acts of aggression" against the state. Democracy, Reform." The liberals, led by Mr. Many oppose Ukraine's membership in the C1S and plans Kuchma, argue that the West is not interested in for nuclear disarmament. The nationalist-radicals held no Ukraine, which must therefore preserve its historic positions of leadership in the outgoing Parliament. Nationwide, a Socis- links to Russia. Liberals also place a greater emphasis on the individual, claiming that the nation-democrats' Parties and public opinion "cult of statehood has acquired the status of an official Gallup poll showed sup- 14 ideology." various polls conducted over the past six to eight months have shown that the number of voters favoring port for party candi– Will the elections be valid? political party candidates has grown but still amounts to less than half the voting population. Of those who sup- The political apathy of the Ukrainian electorate has port such candidates, most favor national-democratic dates was running at fueled speculation that less than 50 percent of all regis– nominees. This can be attributed to the high name tered voters will show up at the polls on March 27. As recognition of the national-democratic leadership and 10A percent for nation– most seats are likely to be decided after the April 10 strong support for these parties' campaign platforms, runoffs, in which a 50 percent turnout is also required, particularly in western Ukraine and Kyyiv. al-democrats, 5.7 per– some in Kyyiv have speculated that the election results The most striking survey results recorded in the past will be invalidated. few weeks point to a groundswell of support for centrist- cent for centrist-liber– Taking precautions to avoid a power vacuum, the out- liberal candidates in eastern Ukraine. A poll released by going Parliament on February 25 issued an appeal to the the Elections 94 press center shows that in Kharkiv, sup- citizens of Ukraine urging them to participate in the port for centrist-liberal candidates has risen to 61.2 per– als, 2Д percent for elections. The appeal stated that if the voting did not cent, far outdistancing the national-democrats at 15.5 produce the 301 deputies needed to form a parliamen– percent and the socialists-communists at 14 percent. nationalist-radicals, and tary quorum after the April 10 runoffs, the currently sit– ting Parliament would serve out its term until regularly Other surveys indicate that the centrist-liberals are 15 making inroads across the country, in Kyyiv, where sup- 2 percent for socialist- scheduled elections are held in March 1995. port for the centrist-liberals had been virtually non-exis– Disenchantment with the country's economic situa– tent, a Socis-Gallup poll taken in January showed that communists. tion is the prime factor that voters say will drive them to they were running even with the socialist-communists at the polls on election day. The results of elections in 7 percent, trailing the national-democrats at 16 percent. Russia and the Crimea, as well as a number of last- Nationwide, the same Socis-Gallup poll showed sup- minute actions on the part of the Ukrainian Parliament, seem to have jolted Ukrainian society into participating port for party candidates was running at 10.4 percent for The Party of Power held a number of important lead– national-democrats, 5.7 percent for centrist-liberals, 2.1 in the election. ership positions in the outgoing Parliament, including While the possibility exists that the runoff elections percent for nationalist-radicals, and 2 percent for social– the parliamentary chairmanship and deputy chairman- may not produce clear winners, the probability of such ist-communists. in a nationwide poll released by the ships, in addition to chairing a number of key commis– an outcome continues to diminish as election day Democratic initiatives Research and Educational sions, its members also controlled the vast parliamen– approaches. Moreover, national and regional media Council, 25.9 percent of political party supporters tary secretariat, which directs the legislature's paper campaigns to mobilize the electorate got under way in favored national-democrats, 11.2 percent favored cen– flow. trist-liberals, 6 percent favored socialist-communists, early March and seem to be having an effect, in the and 1.8 percent favored nationalist-radicals.13 Political coalitions 1990 elections, 110 deputies were elected on the first Taken together, the pre-election surveys indicate that ballot, while the majority of seats were filled after the national-democrats continue to lead among the declared While most political parties in Ukraine are small, runoffs, voter turnout during the second ballot in 1990 16 supporters of political parties. However, the centrist-liber– two major political coalitions have emerged in recent was 5-Ю percent less than for the first ballot. weeks: the interregional Bloc for Reforms (1BR) led by als appear to be mounting a challenge, especially among Conclusion voters who have heretofore shown little interest in politi– former Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma and former cal parties. Much of this upsurge is in eastern Ukraine, Deputy Parliamentary Speaker volodymyr Hryniov, After almost two years of political gridlock in where support for national-democrats is weakest, if the and the Ukraina Democratic Coalition (UDC). Ukraine, the parliamentary elections appear to have gal– centrist-liberals continue to gain strength in eastern Socialist-Communist coalitions have also been formed vanized the country's inert political parties and civic Ukraine, the interregional Bloc for Reforms could be in eastern Ukraine but are confined to three or four organizations, especially in eastern Ukraine. The disas– poised to replace the socialist-communists as the chief large oblasts. trous state of the economy has fueled widespread dissat– representative of eastern Ukraine's interests in Kyyiv. The 1BR, which held its first all-Ukrainian conference isfaction, which in turn should ensure that enough voters in Kharkiv on January 21-22, is strongest in eastern turn out to validate the elections on March 27 and April The "Party of Power" Ukraine and in some central and southern districts, it 10. The "Party of Power" (Partiya viady) is neither a reg– unites directors of state-owned enterprises, small busi– The elections have caught the neo-communist politi– istered political party nor a civic organization; instead, it ness men, private entrepreneurs and liberal-centrist cal establishment in Ukraine at a bad moment. is a shorthand term widely used by political pundits and political forces. The 1BR has hopes of winning 20-25 Demoralized and plagued by internal fragmentation, the leaders to describe "the group of people that runs percent of the seats in the Parliament. Party of Power faces a strong challenge to its hold on Ukraine" - in the other words, the bureaucratic estab– it is supported by those who believe that a strategic key positions in the legislative and executive branches partnership with Russia should become a component lishment that, for whatever reasons, switched its alle– (Continued on page 23) giance from the red Soviet flag to the blue-and-yellow part of Ukraine's foreign and domestic economic policy Ukrainian national colors. and view the destruction of the common economic zone This neo-communist apparatus is composed of former with Russia and other former Soviet republics as one of 13 See "Ukrainian Public Opinion on the Eve of Elections national communists, led by President Leonid Kravchuk the reasons for Ukraine's catastrophic economic condi– to a New Parliament," press release issued by the Democratic and Parliamentary Speaker 1 van Pliushch, who in 1991 tion. The 1BR also appeals to Russian speakers and initiatives Research and Education Center, Kyyiv, November broke with the Communist Party of Ukraine to support advocates of greater regional autonomy, as Mr. Hryniov 11,1993. the country's independence and the dissolution of the has advocated the federalization of Ukraine and the 14 ivan Chernenko, "What Unites the 1BR and Rukh," Soviet Union. Some were elected to seats in the installation of Russian as a second state language along- Dateline: Ukraine. An informational and Analytical Bulletin, Parliament and the oblast councils in the March 1990 side Ukrainian. February 24, p. 3. elections. Most were members of the country's The UDC unites most national-democratic parties and 15 Holos Ukrainy, February 28. Communist leadership, appointed by Mr. Kravchuk to some nationalist-radical parties, it is headed by 16Danylo Yanevsky, "Ultima Ratio Regis," Eastern Ukraine's newly formed executive branch and presiden– Ukraine's former ambassador to Canada, Levko Economist, February 28, p. 14. No. із^^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994^11 MARCH COMMEMORATlONS: The truths in 's poetry by Bohdan Klid revealing deeper, sometimes hidden truths. The truth about the tsar and Russian imperialist poli– Shevchenko was born a serf (perhaps slave is a better cies revealed in his poems caused Shevchenko great per– Each year in March, Ukrainian communities scattered description), and even though he was freed from serf– sonal suffering. After he returned from exile in 1857, across the globe gather to commemorate Taras dom, Shevchenko understood to the very end of his days having regained his freedom, Shevchenko was a physi– Shevchenko. in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the mean of the injustices that were a part of this system. cally broken man who died four years later. Russian-ruled Ukraine, patriots, primarily intellectuals and The truths of the suffering and degradation of his fellow To conclude, it is worth noting that some of students, gathered in private homes to honor him, as pub- countrymen caught within this system were depicted by Shevchenko's poems warned of what might happen if lie gatherings to honor him were not permitted by tsarist Shevchenko in his poetry: authorities, in Western Ukraine, under Austrian rule, his countrymen did not change their ways: where some constitutional freedoms existed, public meet– Go take a closer look at that Eden you are leaving You will be destroyed and perish, oh Ukraine ings and concerts were organized. When Ukrainians began Where a tattered shirt is being torn off a cripple's back, No trace of you on earth will remain! emigrating in large numbers to the New World beginning With skin and all - because the hide is needed And once you even took pride in your prosperity toward the end of the 19th century, the tradition of com– To shoe the princelings with. And over there And luxuries!... memorating Shevchenko continued. After the downfall of A widow's crucified for taxes, while they drag You will crucify yourself! the Russian Empire in 1917, commemorations of Her only son - her only hope! - in chains in their wickedness, your fledgling sons Shevchenko became sanctioned by the government, even into the army. And there - more dead than alive - Will slay you! after Ukraine came under Russian Communist rule. A starving babe beside a fence awaits it is fitting, then, that we pause to consider what its mother from the feudal lord's estate. From "To Hosea. Chapter 14 (An imitation)" Shevchenko has meant and continues to mean for the From the poem "The Dream (A Comedy)" But, while delivering these warnings, Shevchenko Ukrainian people. also reminded Ukrainians about those universally valid ivan Franko wrote that a nation that does not recog– Shevchenko was also born into a nation that was truths that pointed down a righteous path that had to nize its great men does not deserve to be called a nation. enslaved, but was once free, and whose dreams of free– lead to Ukraine's salvation: the path of brotherhood and By commemorating Shevchenko, we, as part of the dom were still alive in the consciousness and traditions mutual aid: Ukrainian nation, recognize a great man, and in doing so of his countrymen. Many of his poems deal with confirm our own status as a nation. The immediate ques– Ukraine's past. The truths that he revealed in these Come, my brothers, and embrace tion that arises, then, is what makes Shevchenko a great poems were, on the one hand, glorious: Each your humblest brother. man for us, Ukrainians? The answer, of course, is to be Help our mother to smile once again, There was once a time in our Ukraine found in his poetry. Our poor, tear-stained mother! As a poet, Shevchenko has been called the national When canons roared with glee. From the poem "My Friendly Epistle to my Fellow bard of Ukraine, the people's poet or people's tribune, a A time when Zaporozhians Countrymen, in Ukraine and not in Ukraine, the Dead, revolutionary poet and a prophet. Many descriptions Excelled in mastery. the Living, and As Yet Unborn" exist that reflect in one way or another Shevchenko's From the poem "ivan Pidkova " characteristics as a poet. Literary critics, politicians and Shevchenko believed that if his fellow countrymen community leaders have all been able to point to certain On the other hand, tragic and painful: Look closely, and read heeded his warnings and pleas, Ukraine was certain to poems to paint a picture of Shevchenko closest to their become truly free again: interpretations or preferences. About those glorious days once more, At times these opinions have been distorted by politi– From the first word to the last... Ukraine will rise cal or other considerations. The multiplicity of views is Search out the meaning of it all, And end the night of slavery not surprising. Moreover, almost all of them are in some Then ask yourself the questions: With dawn's light of truth. measure true, and suggest one unifying factor in his poet– "Who are we? Whose sons? Who were our fathers? And its children, once enslaved, ry: Shevchenko's poems reflect deep and basic truths - By whom, and why are we enchained?" Will pray in bright freedom's light! important truths that were revealed to Ukrainians by And then, indeed, you'll see who From the poem "in the village ofSubotiv" Shevchenko at a critical time in their history. Because of Your famous Brutuses really were: this, we consider Shevchenko a great man. Slaves, bootlickers, Moscow's filth and, To understand the impact that Shevchenko's poetry Warsaw's trash - these were your lords, had on his contemporaries, it is useful to turn to their And illustrious hetmans! recollections of the poet. Mykola Kostomarov, one of From the poem "My Friendly Epistle to my Fellow Ukraine's foremost historians and a close friend of Countrymen, in Ukraine and not in Ukraine, the Dead, Shevchenko, described the effect his poems had upon the Living, and As Yet Unborn " him in the following way: "1 became afraid... І saw that Shevchenko's muse was The truth, after all, is oftentimes very painful, and it tearing asunder the curtain drawn over the people's life. is small wonder that many seek to avoid it. Shevchenko it was frightening and sweet, painful and delightful to had the courage to reveal the truth in his poetry, regard- glance within! Poetry always leads the way, always dares less of the pain it must have caused him personally. to take bold steps; history, science and practical work it is probably not surprising that the poet's own life follow tin its wakej. it is easier to be last, but always dif– story reflected to a great degree the truth about ficult to be first. One must have sharp eyes and 's tragic fate, and its social and political history. nerves so as not to be blinded or struck unconscious by Shevchenko was born into slavery, but through his tal– the sudden light of truth, which is generously hidden ents as an artist became a free man. in 1837, he began to from the docile masses, who walk the beaten path along- write poems, which awakened the national and social side the curtain and do not know what lies behind it! consciousness of his compatriots. Moreover, he called "Taras's muse broke through to some underground on his countrymen to action to gain back the liberty they vault, which for ages had been locked with many locks, had lost, in the poem "My Testament," Shevchenko sealed with many seals, buried, deliberately ploughed called on his countrymen: over and sown, in order to conceal from future genera– After you bury me, rise up, tions even a hint about the spot where that underground Tear the chains asunder cavern is to be found. Taras's muse boldly entered this And bless freedom cavern with its inextinguishable torch and thereby opened With the evil blood of your enemies. up a passage for bright light, fresh air and human curiosi– ty. it will be easier to enter this cavern now that (fresh J air in the poem "The Caucasus," Shevchenko emphasizes has broken through, for what human strength can with– the righteousness of the fight for Ukraine's freedom: stand these long-standing fumes that instantly destroy all human strength and extinguish all earthly fires! Woe to Struggle on, and you shall triumph. God will aid you! Today, Ukraine is independent - that is, formally the bold poet! He forgets that he is (a merej mortal; and if independent. The way events have been unfolding, he does dare to be the first to step inside, he may fall... Your allies are truth, glory, And holy freedom! however, perhaps its greatest and most difficult trails "But poetry is unafraid of any destructive fumes, if lie ahead. So it would be more than useful for all only it is true poetry; and its light will not be snuffed out While still a free man, Shevchenko joined the Ss. Ukrainians to take heed of Shevchenko's warnings and by any historical or moral (coal) gases; because this Cyril and Methodius Society, a secret organization of pleas, and pause, once again, to recall the truths he torch burns with an eternal flame - the fire of Ukrainian intellectuals, who aimed to promote Ukraine's unveiled. Moreover, during the difficult times ahead, Prometheus..." (From Mykola Kostomarov, "My statehood as well as the abolition of serfdom. Arrested we must remember to work together and not, once Recollections of Two Painters"). along with the other members of the society in 1847, the again, fight each other, thereby facilitating the evil When one speaks of truth in poetry, one of course is Russian tsar, after reading his unpublished poems, decid– work of our enemies, who want to place Ukraine back not talking about factual or scientific truth, for ed to give Shevchenko the harshest punishment of all: into slavery. Shevchenko oftentimes, through his imagination, sub- it was the First who crucified Author's note: The translations of Shevchenko's conscious or emotions, distorted facts in his poems. But, poems are based on the following works: "The Poetical Our poor Ukraine, these distortions were used as a means of getting at and Works of Taras Shevchenko. The Kobzar," Translated While the Second finished off by C.H. Andrusyshen and Watson Kirconnell (Toronto: The orphaned widow. University of Toronto Press, 1964); Taras Shevchenko, Dr. Bohdan Klid, a historian, is assistant to the Executioners! Hangmen! Cannibals! director of the Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies, "Song out of Darkness." Selected Poems translated from You've gorged yourselves the Ukrainian by Уега Rich (London: The Mitre Press, based at the University of Alberta. This article is a ver– And stolen to your heart's content! sion of the talk delivered by Dr. Klid at the Taras 1961); Taras Shevchenko, "Selected Works. Poetry and Shevchenko commemorative concert in Edmonton. From the poem "The Dream (A Comedy)" Prose" (Moscow: Progress Publishers, n.d.). 12^^^^^^^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994^ No. 13

The Big Apple: experimental, traditional, whimsical by Helen Smindak

The Yara Arts Group, New York's Born in Kyyiv, Ms. Morozowa was a unique experimental theater, is complet– student at the Kyyiv Art institute and ing arrangements to travel to Ukraine on gave her first exhibit in Ukraine's capi– April 12 - this time to teach as well as to tal. Later, she had successful exhibits in act and stage. Germany, where her family had fled to This will be the third trip to Ukraine in escape the grim conditions of the 30s in three years for the ensemble, which Ukraine. Settling in New York after explores timely Ukrainian topics through World War 11, she became a member of the Asian, African, and Western and the American Professional Artists Eastern European cultural perspectives League and a painting instructor at the of its members. Yara's founder and Queensboro Art Society. director, virlana Tkacz, says the group The artist has donated paintings from will conduct weeklong workshops in her Kyyiv period to various museums in Kyyiv and Lviv in mid-April, focusing Kyyiv, and many of her Greek land- on American acting methods that include scapes have been sent to the Artists' a technique quite new in some areas - Library in Kyyiv, where they are on per– transformations. manent display. 'Transformations is a new idea in the Ms. Morozowa's landscapes of the acting world, but surprisingly, Les Parthenon in Athens, of village churches Kurbas, one of Ukraine's prominent the– and windmills in Mykonos and sunsets in ater figures, talked about it back in the Watoku Ueno Santorini and Hydra will be on view in 20s," explains Ms. Tkacz, who has the sophisticated setting of the World devoted her career to restoring Kurbas's in a scene from the workshop production of "Yara's Forest Song," the field Wide Art Gallery through April 29. legacy. "Kurbas defined transformations pleads with Sylph. Actors (from left) are: irina Soto, Katy Selverstone, Jude Gallery hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., as a theatrical technique that uncovers Domski and Yunjin Kim. Tuesday to Saturday. the hidden aspect of a moment, elevating The production is staged by the Famous community; her oil paintings of land- Ms. Morozowa, a tall, handsome your level of perception." People Players, a professional internation– scapes and florals have been exhibited in woman, will be at the gallery for a recep– in Kyyiv, the Yara group will partici– al theater company that trains develop- numerous Ukrainian galleries, institutes tion in her honor on Saturday, April 9, pate in the Third Artistic Berezil Festival mentally handicapped artists to lead pro– and museums since 1951, when she first from 3 to 5 p.m., to greet old friends and with a one-person piece, "Time in ductive, creative lives. Specializing in the came to this country. The Ukrainian pub- meet new admirers. Everyone is wel– Between," starring Andrew Colteaux. "black light" technique, life-size fluores– lie is familiar with her name through come to attend, so find your way to Suite Based on a Ukrainian fairy tale "Oh, cent puppets and props are manipulated Christmas cards and calendars adorned 303 in the New York Gallery Building, Sorcerer," the avant-garde piece was cre– by human artists under the illumination of with scenes of the Ukrainian church in 24 W. 57th St., and shake hands with an ated by Ms. Tkacz and Mr. Colteaux, ultraviolet light. The company has per– Hunter, N.Y., where she has made her artist who has surmounted many difficul– with costumes and graphics designed by formed in New York in previous years, home in recent years and maintains a ties through the years and yet maintains a Nadia Maryniak. it is scheduled to be drawing praise from critics, who found it small gallery. great love for the beauty of the world, if staged on April 24. "delightfully innovative" and "perfect Now the American public, previously you need information, call (212) 581- The group's seven actors and five family entertainment" exposed to her work in a limited way, is 8833. assistants will spend the first two weeks beginning to take notice of Ludmila Sonata Pathetique Notes on music of May in Lviv, rehearsing the group's Morozowa's artistic talents through a newest project. "Yara's Forest Song," 9 Mykola Kulish's play "Sonata number of oil paintings currently on Basso Stefan Szkafarowsky, who and creating a bilingual version of the Pathetique" was the choice of the Lydia exhibit in a group show, "Sunscapes," at sang the role of Prince Gremin in "Eugene piece with the addition of four actors Krushelnytsky Drama Studio of New York the World Wide Art Gallery on West Onegin" with the San Diego Opera in from the Kurbas Young Theater of Lviv. for a special appearance in Chicago on 57th Street in Manhattan. The paintings January and February, has a busy season Dramaturg Kataryna Slipchenko and March 20. The performance, given at Lane depict landscapes in Greece, a country ahead. He will sing the role of Pimen in director volodymyr Kuchynsky will be Technical High School, was sponsored by she has visited at various times in her life "Boris Godunov" with the Long Beach involved in the production. the Security Ukrainian Federal Savings and where she has found inspiration for Opera Company in California on March For the opening on May 15, a special Bank in celebration of its 30th anniver– her particular style of impressionism. 30 and April 2. guest is expected from New York City - sary. The artist, now 88, made a trip to Greece Then he will travel to Michigan, to do Ellen Stewart, director of the internation– Scenarist volodymyr Klekh, who has just three years ago to paint more land- the role of Basilio in "The Barber of ally acclaimed La Mama Experimental been associated for years with the scapes. Seville" with the Grand Rapids Opera Theater Club, where the Yara Arts Group Metropolitan Opera, Yuriy Grechylo, Gallery director Claudia Dzundza Company on April 22 and 23. He is is a resident company. Ms. Stewart, who Christina Karatnycky and Yaryna points out that the ruins of past civiliza– scheduled to go to the Far East this sum– has felt close to the Ukrainian communi– Ferencevych assisted Mrs. Krushelnytsky tions, the light of the Mediterranean sun mer for a seven-week concert tour with a ty ever since a Ukrainian landlord dared in staging the play. Orest Harasymchuk and the luminosity of the sea have been group of artists, stopping in Singapore, to rent theater space to a black woman supplied the music of Beethoven's "Sonata Malaysia, China, Hong Kong and back in the 60s, has followed the devel– "a constant source of inspiration to an Pathetique," which served as a background artist like Morozowa." indonesia. opment of the Yara troupe with great to the action. The cast included Askold interest. "She needs these elements to create A regional finalist in the Metropolitan Lozynskyj, in the role of the author, Lesyk the subtle color nuances which her brush "Yara's Forest Song" is based on Opera National Competitions some years Kmeta, Melanie Sonevytsky, Sofia Zielyk then captures, and her pigment transmits ago, Mr. Szkafarowsky made his New Lesia Ukrainka's classic drama "Forest and Yaroslav Szul. Song," which describes the threat to the to the viewer. With her delicate touch York debut with the American Opera spirits of nature imposed by the arrival of A tribute to Ludmila and the use of soft, shimmering tone, Center. His impressive credits include human interlopers in the forest. The play Morozowa takes us back to the home of performances with the New York City was translated by Ms. Tkacz and Wanda The name of Ludmila Morozowa is poetry, art, philosophy and science," Opera, the Opera Orchestra of New York well-known in the Ukrainian artistic notes Ms. Dzundza. and the Chicago Lyric Opera. Phipps, and segments were incorporated 9 into an original musical score along with Paul Plishka, currently performing in poetry from across the globe, pagan the Metropolitan Opera productions of incantations and ancient songs. verdi's "Otello," was interviewed on New York area residents will be able WNET-Tv on March 20 during the sta– to see the new work for themselves when tion's annual fund-raising drive. Mr. the Yara ensemble returns from Ukraine. Plishka made a personal appeal to view– "Yara's Forest Song" will be presented at ers to support New York's only public La Mama E.T.C. at 74A E. Fourth St., service television station. June 10 to 26 (Thursday through Sunday) - This season's "Music at the institute" with special matinees on June 19 and 26. programs have been lauded by scores of And then, vacation time? Not for the music lovers at the Ukrainian institute of Yara Arts Group. They'll be off to the America at Fifth Avenue and 79th Street. Harvard Summer School to stage poetry– Despite the snowstorms that kept hitting in-performance sessions every night for a New York this past winter, audiences week with some 50 students. Also in the were drawn to the institute by such high- offing, but not yet confirmed, is a possi– caliber artists as pianists Luba and ireneus ble engagement at Soyuzivka later in the Zuk (who gave a concert on March 19), summer. Juliana Osinchuk, Daria Telizhyn (who appeared with the Kyyiv Chamber Black light on Broadway Orchestra) and Mykola Suk, violinist Oleh Krysa, soprano Svitlana Mykytenko, The cast of "A Little More Magic," violist Halyna Kolessa, composer ivan now playing at the Belasco Theater on Karabyts and the Australian Festival of West 44th Street through April 10, includes Ukrainian Canadian Greg Kozak. 'Greek village" (oil) by Ludmila Morozowa. (Continued on page 21) No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 13 New Zealanders greet Ukrainian competitors in Whitbread by Marta Zahalak Special to The Ukrainian Weekly AUCKLAND, New Zealand - New Zealanders enthusiastically welcomed two Ukrainian Whitbread entries during the February stopover of the round-the- world yacht race in Auckland. Both 60- foot yachts - the Hetman Sahaidachny and the Odessa - fly the blue-and-yellow Ukrainian flag and act as roving good will ambassadors for Ukraine in their journey around the world. As the Odessa came into Hobson Wharf, its weary crew was welcomed with the same gracious ceremony honor– ing the other Whitbread entries. As hun– dreds of spectators cheered, the Ukrainian national anthem was heard for the first time in New Zealand. Under a host of blue-and-yellow banners, Anatoly verba, the Ukrainian skipper of the Odessa, shared the traditional Maori greeting. The Hetman Sahaidachny's pre– dawn arrival the previous day precluded such a boisterous greeting. To greet Hetman's arrival, vasyl Krechowec, the septuagenarian president of the Ukrainian Society of Auckland, and his wife, Maria, kept a nightlong vigil. With the arrival of this Ukrainian "fleet," the Ukrainian population of Auckland may well have doubled. Anatoly Yerba (right), skipper of the Odessa, accepts a donation from the Ukrainian Society of Auckland, New Zealand. But in spite of its small size, the Ukrainian community of New Zealand the American entry, the Winston, skip– England, at the end of the race. There is a Businesses or individuals wishing to managed to gather support, both financial pered by America's Cup winner Dennis real danger that, due to insufficient funds, sponsor the Odessa may contact Odessa and moral, for both ships and their Conner, is crewed by Kiwis. the Odessa or the Hetman may not be at: "Odessa c7o Whitbread Round the respective crews. Unlike the other yachts, Joining the Hetman and the Odessa on able to complete the final two legs. World Race, 1850 Eller Drive, Suite 200, which enjoy either corporate or national the fourth leg to Punta del Este, Uruguay, The Odessa is a separate enterprise Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316. sponsorship, both the Hetman and the were several New Zealanders. from the Hetman Sahaidachny. The Potential Odessa sponsors may also Odessa need to raise money in each port it has been reported in New Zealand Odessa Whitbread 60 was started before contact Capt. verba between May 21 and in order to continue competing. During that more people saw the Whitbread the disintegration of USSR and has some June 14 at: Odessa, c7o Whitbread Round the Auckland respite, two local pubs, yachts in Auckland than in all of the four commercial sponsorship from those days. the World Race, P.O. Box 34 Hedge End, Kitty O'Brien's and the Kiwi Tavern, previous ports combined. The yachts Since Ukrainian independence, the S03 4YF England. After the race, the joined Auckland businesses in financially were a big waterfront attraction. Odessa project has evolved as a joint Odessa will return to its home port, assisting the ongoing participation of the Now that the race has resumed, the Ukraine7U.S. venture originating from Odessa. two Ukrainian Whitbread 60 entries in Whitbread continues to receive daily ТУ the city of Odessa. Although the city of Currently, the Hetman Sahaidachny is the race. A combination of fund-raising coverage here, and the press is providing Odessa is widely perceived as "Russian," ahead of the Odessa and maxi-class venues has enabled the Odessa and good exposure (and PR!) for the the skipper's wife, Ludmilla verba, Uruguay Natural in the over-all standings. Hetman to plug holes in fiscal dikes: Ukrainian effort. The fact that the skipper asserts that this is a misconception Designed by New Zealander Bruce Fair, Kiwis (as New Zealanders fondly refer to of the Hetman, Eugene Platon, and the because Ukrainian Black Sea Kozaks had the guru of boat design, the Hetman was themselves) took part in auctions, wel– skipper of the Odessa, Capt. verba, both already established numerous villages built completely in Kharkiv, using laser coming parties and Kozak T-shirt sales. speak English fluently does not hurt. Just where Odessa now stands prior to technology. The Hetman Sahaidachny New Zealanders are big on yachting: as the Ukrainian Olympic team's partici– Catherine's colonization. Syndicate based in Kyyiv funded the about a third of all the crew members pation in international competition gener– Capt. verba is bringing the project to Hetman with an international line-up of among all the yachts in the Whitbread are ates favorable publicity for Ukraine, so fruition with the moral support of sponsors, including Air Ukraine and New Zealanders. The leading boat, the does the participation of Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk and the British Telecom. Among the objectives of maxi-class New Zealand Endeavor, is in yachts in the Whitbread. supreme president of the Ukrainian racing the Ukrainian-built boat in this competition with the 60-class Токіо for Participation in the Whitbread is an National Association, Ulana Diachuk. grand prix of regattas is to attract capital first place. Although financially spon– extremely expensive undertaking. As reported earlier in The Ukrainian to Ukraine for low-cost, high-tech boat sored by the Japanese, the Токіо is con– Extensive repair work is done on the Weekly, with heroic effort the crew construction. sidered a New Zealand yacht because Whitbread yachts in each of the race's transported the incomplete hull from Those wishing to support the Hetman nearly everyone on board is a Kiwi. Even five ports. This includes Southampton, Odessa to the U.S. But as Ukraine's eco– may contact the crew at their address in nomic woes increased, promised funds the United Kingdom: c7o Fox's Marina for the Ukrainian Whitbread entries did ipswich Ltd., The Strand, Wherstead, not come through. The Odessa's crew ipswich, ІР2 8SA England. (Their tele- completed the work in Florida with par– phone number is 44-473-689- ill.) tial financing coming from the Ukrainian Financial support from individuals and American community. Even an insurance organizations should be sent separately to settlement resulting from a non-race each of the Ukrainian ships. injury to a crew member was used At the time of this report, the Whitbread towards outfitting the yacht. fleet has safely rounded Cape Horn, with Although she remains the slowest boat New Zealand's Endeavor winning the in the fleet, the Odessa continues to fourth leg. New Zealand Television report– scramble for funds to compete in each ed that the Odessa's crew celebrated the leg. For within the sailing community, rounding of the turbulent waters of the just managing to complete the Whitbread Horn by imbibing aged cognac brought is in itself a highly respected achieve– from Ukraine by Capt. verba specifically ment because of the grueling sailing in for this occasion. freezing gales and the iceberg-laden But the event was marred by some bad southern ocean. news: the familiar UKR 200 mainsail of So Capt. verba of the Odessa contin– the Odessa suffered a huge gash during ues to search for business sponsorship to this leg. A new kevlar mainsail costs complete the last leg from Ft. Lauderdale S20,000 - well-beyond the means of each to Southampton, England. The Odessa Ukrainian boat. Due to such financial con– welcomes sponsorships from enterprises straints, both the Hetman and the Odessa doing business in Ukraine. The Odessa is have been forced to economize by pur- especially seeking a commercial sponsor- chasing used sails. These sails, deteriorate ship from its sister city, Baltimore. quickly however. This partially explains Financing from individual contributions the boats' vexing performance. vasyl and Maria Krechowec greet Hetman Sahaidachny's skipper, Eugene has become a significant source for each Platon (right), and sailmaker Yuriy Semeniuk. of the race legs to date. (Continued on page 21) 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

the Overseas Private investment has turned to the Ukrainian American Mr. iwanciw also maintained that the The Ukrainian... Corporation, the Council of Economic community for assistance. Ukrainian Embassy can improve its existing divi– (Continued from page 5) Advisors and the Trade Development Americans provided temporary office sions. "While the Ukrainian government space in Washington for the new diplo– has increased the staff of the Embassy January 24-30, a high-level delegation Agency. The focus of the delegation's matic representation, assisted in the pur- over the past year, it has failed to address headed by Ukraine's Minister of meetings was to expand bilateral econom– chase of the Embassy in Georgetown, and two serious shortfalls. The first is in the Economy Roman Shpek traveled to ic and commercial cooperation and to lay support it financially nationwide via press operation, which is still functioning Washington to meet with senior U.S. offi– the groundwork for President Kravchuk's the Foundation in Support of Diplomatic with one person. Kyyiv simply does not cials at the White House, departments of March 3-5 visit to Washington. Missions of Ukraine. understand the vital role that the press State, Treasury, Defense, Commerce, Community assessment The Embassy does not, however, con- plays in the shaping of public opinion and Energy and Agriculture, the Agency for suit with the Ukrainian American organi– policy in the U.S. The second shortfall is international Development, Federal Since its first representatives arrived in zations that for years have lobbied in the military liaison office, which also is Reserve Bank, the Export-import Bank, the U.S. over two years ago, the Embassy Washington on behalf of Ukraine. "The staffed by only one person. Some of the Embassy has certainly not made full use best cooperation between the two govern– of the Ukrainian community through the ments has been between the U.S. Embassy of Ukraine: (202) 333-0606 Ukrainian Congress Committee of Department of Defense and the Ukrainian Ambassador Oleh Bilorus America and the Ukrainian National Ministry of Defense. Additional person– First Secretary, Assistant to the Ambassador ihor Khyzhnyak Association Washington offices," said nel are vitally needed in both operations." Askold Lozynskyj, president of the Second Secretary, Assistant to Ambassador Yaroslav voitko UCCA. "it operates on its own and Cultural drought Minister-Counselor, Deputy Chief of Mission Уаіегіу Kuchinsky seems to think of the Ukrainian diaspora The Embassy has likewise not expand– Political and Legal Counselor volodymyr Zabigailo only as a money cow. І don't think this is Press and information Counselor Dmitro Markov ed culturally. Mr. Markov, the press coun– a policy of Ambassador Bilorus. This is selor who also serves as the Embassy's Economics and Finance Counselor Yuriy Yakusha the way the Ukrainian government with cultural diplomat, said Ukraine, in its cur- Agribusiness Counselor volodymyr viassov President Kravchuk at the helm oper– rent stage of development, cannot afford a Science and Technology Counselor viktor Los ates," cultural breakthrough in the United Culture Counselor Dmitro Markov Eugene iwanciw, director of the UNA States. Defense, Military, Naval and Air Attache Col. ihor Smeshko Washington Office, expressed a similar Although the Embassy has co-spon– Third Secretary Oleksander Pecherytsya view. "Over all, the Embassy has simply sored several Ukrainian exhibits, like the Third Secretary ihor Sinkevych not made its presence in Washington felt. While the Embassy has focused on the Trypillian archeological exhibit held at the international Monetary Fund last Consular Division: (202) 333-7507 administration and the Department of State, Congress, which plays a major role year, Mr. Markov says grand-scale cul– Consul Heorhiy Hchenko in the formulation of policy and which is tural exhibits are too expensive for the First Secretary, Consul vitaliy Sobko favorably inclined toward Ukraine, has Embassy to sponsor alone. He has turned Second Secretary, Consul Rouslan Demchenko largely been ignored, it is important that to the Ukrainian American community an ongoing relationship between and The Ukrainian Museum for assis– Trade Mission of Ukraine: (202) 337-0293 Ukrainian diplomats and members of tance, and in the future hopes to create a Congress and their staff be established. To cultural information center within the Trade and Commerce Counselor Yuliy loffe this end, the Embassy can better utilize the historic Forrest-Marbury Court complex ! Third Secretary, Trade and Commerce Yadym Marchuk expertise of the Washington offices of the that has served as the Ukrainian Embassy UNA and the UCCA," he said. since January 1993.

ПЛАСТОВЕ ПЛЕМ'Я „ПЕРШІ СТЕЖІ" SY0B0DA THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY - влаштовує - Established 1893 Established 1933 Oldest and foremost Ukrainian-language English-language newspaper offering a Ukrainian daily newspaper in the United States perspective on the news

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To subscribe: Call The Ukrainian Weekly's Subscription Department at (201) 434-0237, or send S20 (S10 if you are a member of the UNA) to The Ukrainian Підпис батька або матері Weekly, Subscription Department, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 15 N.Y. Metro medical association focuses on diverse programs, goals

EAST HANOvER, NJ. - The New theses, and most importantly, they lent UMANA-N.Y. Metro is most interest– Psychiatric Association in Ukraine found– York Metropolitan Chapter of the their personal expertise to these efforts. ed in developing post-graduate medical ed by Dr. Semyon Gluzman. He also has Ukrainian Medical Association They recorded their training sessions on education assistance and the chapter has collaborative efforts with the Geneva (UMANA-N.Y. METRO) held a general video for archival use. So far, the taken this on as its project. Anyone who initiative of Amsterdam (with Dr. Robert meeting at the Ramada Hotel and Medical Relief Fund has sent approxi– has medical or pharmaceutical text– Уап Уогеп) and with the CCRF. Conference Center in East Hanover, N.J., mately 32 tons of medical supplies. books7CD-ROMs or journals less than Among the projects of the UMANA- on Saturday, March 12. They emphasize a need for collabora– five years old that could be donated to N.Y. Metro Psychiatric Committee is the The meeting was held in part to plan tive rather than competitive efforts for the colleagues in Ukraine is asked to send translation into Ukrainian and publica– the evolution and goals of the N.Y. diaspora to assist Ukraine. They have these to the UMANA-N.Y. tion of DSM ІІІ-R (a basic psychiatry Metro chapter of one of the oldest orga– worked with other organizations within the handbook) and its distribution to all of nized professional Ukrainian North community, including the United CCRF update the 6,000 psychiatrists in Ukraine. The American organizations. The UMANA Ukrainian American Relief Committee The president of the Children of publication has been submitted to print at was founded in 1950 in New York City, and the Ukrainian Federation of Chornobyl Relief Fund inc. (CCRF) of this time. and has since expanded to 17 chapters Philadelphia, in January 1993, they had a Short Hills, N.J., Dr. Zenon Matkiwsky, Dr. Savyckyj also is a logistics advisor throughout Canada and the United medical mission go to Ukraine, where they was the next speaker. He recounted sta– to the CCRF. A shipment of psychotrop– States, its national headquarters are cur– assembled a team of volunteer American tistics and data that he received from the ic medication (about 400 kilograms) was rently in Chicago. physicians, nurses and a podiatrist. They Ministry of Health of Ukraine when he sent to Luhanske. A roundtable discussion of several indi– are planning another trip in August. For visited Kyyiv approximately three weeks He reported that he will go for a follow- vidual UMANA-N.Y. Metro members was further information, or if you would like to earlier. He briefed his colleagues on the up visit to Ukraine in May. Dr. Savyckyj held, with each panelist presenting his participate with fellow professionals, call lack of pharmaceutical supplies, includ– was invited by the American Psychiatric approach in establishing contact with pro– Orest Kozicky at (914) 969-1115 or ing insulin and antidiphtheric toxin. He Association to present at their convention fessional colleagues in Ukraine. The con– Roman Dashawets at (609) 751-5945. noted that the ministry plans to have a his scientific paper and slide program "in- ference was moderated by Adrian national registry of transplants, which is Patient Psychiatry in Ukraine: A First Baranetsky, M.D., diagnostic radiologist of Dental aid sorely needed in Ukraine. Look." For more information or to assist New York City, president of the chapter. George Kryzaniwsky, D.D.S., practices The CCRF in 1993 has carried out the UMANA-N.Y. Metro Psychiatry in South Orange, NJ. He briefed the audi– four sea shipments bearing S3.5 million Committee, call (203) 637-4026. Medical relief ence about his hands-on approach to med– worth of medical aid to Ukraine. To The first speaker was Orest Kozicky, ical aid. in 1991 he flew to Ukraine on the improve the diagnosis of neurological Other activities M.D., gastroenterologist of Yonkers. He Mria cargo plane under the auspices of the disease, an MR1 has been acquired, with Many other individual physicians and the financial support of the Ukrainian has been working through the Ukrainian Children of Chornobyl Relief Fund. At his dentists from the UMANA have been to National Women's League of America American Youth Association inc., own cost he brought over dental chairs, Ukraine privately and have interested (UNWLA), for a hospital in Kyyiv. Medical Relief Fund. Dr. Kozicky tapped high speed drills, burrs and bits, and set American and Canadian medical special– Dr. Matkiwsky emphasized that the into the resources of this worldwide net- up a central air compressor to power all ty groups such as the Radiological training and raising of standards for med– work organization, with general mem– the units. He set this modern dental clinic Society of North America, the American ical training is paramount and that a physi– bers collecting donations of supplies and at the Lviv Children's Regional Hospital, Urological Association, interplast (plas– cians' training program is being devel– money by fund-raising and private con– in June 1993, in his capacity as treasurer tic surgeons) and the World Health oped. There is a lack of pediatric cardiac tributions to the Medical Relief Fund. of UMANA-N.Y. Metro, he went to Lviv Organization to include Ukraine in their surgeons and the CCRF is instrumental in Briefly, the efforts of his group began to meet with the Lviv Medical international post-graduate medical edu– training such a candidate at the University in 1991, when his brother Peter, an Association and faculty at the Lviv cation assistance efforts. Medical institute to ask what assistance of Pittsburgh. Persons who can organize orthopedist, was invited to Lviv by the Despite the call to assist Ukraine, the UMANA-N.Y. and other Ukrainian North externships at medical institutions, or who director of the Lviv Children Specialized main challenge of the UMANA is to sus– American health care professionals could would like to make a donation to the Hospital to demonstrate operative proce– tain and develop the Ukrainian communi– provide. A request was made for English- CCRF may call (201) 376-5140. dures, including total hip replacements, ty in the U.S. and Canada. Members serve language medical and dental literary data- to the local physicians. Roman the medical needs of the community. The bases on CD-ROM, and also preparatory Psychiatry, too Dashawets, anesthetist, and his wife, UMANA-N.Y. Metro in particular strives medical7dental examination books for the Anna, have also played key roles in this The last speaker was Jurij Savyckyj, toward collaborative efforts within the endeavor. The fund has since donated ECFMG and vQ (which are examinations M.D., chairman of the Psychiatric New York City area by holding medical dialysis machines, anesthesia equipment, for foreign physicians) to be donated to Committee of the UMANA-N.Y. Metro. fax machines, endoscopes and joint pros- the Lviv Medical Library. He is working closely with the Ukrainian (Continued on page 24)

from LVIVW - IVANO FRANKIVSKW - KYYIVW HUTSULKA Sl950 15 day all inclusive escorted tour StF Sgi S3S0 -i-Rohatyn - Halych - Kolomyja - Yaremtche - Manyava - Kaniv Departing: MAY 23 JUN20 JUL04 JUL 18 AUG01 AUG15 SEP 05 SEP 19 scope Returning: JUN 06 JUL 04 JUL 18 AUG 01 AUG 15 AUG 29 SEP 19 ОСТ 03 . Air transportation via CZECHOSLOvAK Airlines directly to Lviv . intercity transportation Lviv^Frankivsk by bus, FrankivsMCyyiv by plane tJXJUJGL . Transfers upon arrival7departure . BreakfastAunch7dinner daily . Daily morning 8c afternoon comprehensive city tours . Outside city excursions as 800 242-7267 listed . Gala Folkloric dinner . Professional local guides at each destination . Ukrainian visa fee, hotel gratuities 8c tipping . ESCORTED from NY 201 378-8998 from LVIV(4) - TERNOPIL(S) - KYYIV(5) BANDURA S1650 15 day partial services escorted tour Sgl S350 4- Potchayiv - Kaniv - Skansen Departing: MAY 30 JUN 27 JUL 25 AUG 22 SEP 12 Returning: JUN 13 JUL 11 AUG 08 SEP 05 SEP 26 . Air transportation via CZECHOSLOvAK A1RL1NES directly to ІЖЧ . intercity transportation LviWTernopil by bus, ТегпоріЖууІУ by bus . Transfers upon arrival7departure . Breakfast only in Lviv A Ternopil, full group services in Kyyiv . Outside city excursions as listed . Gala Folkloric dinner . Professional local guides in Kyyiv . Ukrainian visa fee, hotel gratuities and tipping . ESCORTED from New York

ODESSA(3) - L vivo - ivFRANKivSKw - KYYiv(3) S2300 16 day all inclusive escorted tour Advantages of СНАІКА ^ Sgi S400 4- Rohatyn - Halych - Kolomyja - Yaremtche Group Travel: Departing: JUL 14 AUG її F1RST ТІМЕ EYER: DiRECT FL1GHTS Returning: JUL 29 AUG 26 NEW YORK70DESSA via AUSTR1AN A1RUNES .ESCORT ^ Air transportation via AUSTR1AN ALRLLNES directly to ODESSA ^ intercity transportation: firstclass sleeper train OdessaTFrankivsk, bus to Lviv, plane to Kyyiv ^ Transfers upon arrival7departure ^ Breakfast71unch7dinner daily ь Daily morning 8c afternoon comprehensive city tours ^ Outside city .SAFETY excursions as listed о Gala Folkloric dinner ^ Professional local guides at each destination f Ukrainian visa fee, hotel gratuities 8c tipping ^ .SECURITY AUSTR1AN AlRLlNES flight KyyiWviennaTNew York with overnight at vienna Schwechat Airport Hotel included 9 ESCORTED from NY .COMFORT All tours feature DiRECT flights to Lviv or ODESSA .PRIVACY Hotels: Lviv - Dnister ivFrankivsk - Roxolana Kyyiv - Rus Odessa - Chorne More 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

Planning a trip to WESTARKA BOOK NOTES

Gifts Ukrainian Handicrafts UKRAINE? Art Books, Ceramics Lysenko in Western sources Jewellery, Newspapers Records, Typewriters Mykola Lysenko in Western Sources (Bibliographic Essay), Roman Sawycky, "The Personalized Embroidery Supplies Packages to Ukraine Keys" Publishing Association, Cranford, New Jersey, 1992 Travel Service at JERSEY C1TY, NJ. - This biblio– Reasonable Rates graphic essay, published on the 150th anniversary of Mykola Lysenko's birth and the 80th anniversary of his death, 'viSAS'HOTELS'MEALS' forms part of a ongoing research project J) VESELKA8 'TRANSFERS'CUlDES' of a partially published seven-volume bio- :n ORCHESTRA bibliographical project titled "Ukrainian ' AlR TiCKETS' Music in Western Sources," initiated by -RAIL TICKETS' Andy Czerny: (514) 678-7010 Music for all Mr. Sawycky in 1960. 'CARS WITH DRIVERS' Tino Papa: (514) 374-6632 occasions it is an updated version of an original 'INTERPRETERS' essay by Mr. Sawycky on Western sources on Lysenko. The 42-page book- 'SIGHTSEEING' let is meant to be "a concise, cirtical sur– vey of (Western J foreign literature on LANDMARK, LTD Accommodation in Kyyiv Lysenko." it does not include Russian toll free (800) 832-1789 sources, which, according to the author, Decrease the cost of your visit are too numerous and require a separate DC7MDA7A (703) 941-6180 to Ukraine. Self-contained, study. fax (703) 941-7587 The bibliographic essay includes a attractive apartment near Bile concise biography of the composer (1842- Ozero (White Lake) and 1912), notes his significance for Ukrainian music, with a listing of Lysenko's "firsts," Dnieper River. Suitable for one FLOWERS and his prominence in non-Ukrainian sources including the errors"; this phe– or two people. Minutes from musicological literature. nomenon is less evident in "works pub– city center, $1507week or it gives an overview of biographical lished periodically in several editions" materials in Western publications and ref– which are updated, incorporating revi– $3007month. erence works (dictionaries and music ency– sions. Thus, correct listings date mostly Contact: E. Haigh clopedias, with special attention given to from the 1960s and 1970s. Delivered in Ukraine the designation of Lysenko's nationality). The study is supplemented by pho– Tel.: (902) 455-3010 1-800-832-1789 Sources cited date from as early as tographs and reproductions of selected Landmark, Ltd. Fax:(902)420-5141 1867 (i.e., coverage and reviews by the entries. Czech and Austrian press, as researched The book is available by sending a by Kyyiv musicologist Dr. Tamara Bulat), check or money order in the amoung of to the most recent sources. S10 (U.S.) and S1.50 (postage and han– The entries are from Polish, Swedish, dling) to: Roman Sawycky, P.O. Box Stepan Kohut of Mistkowychi, YEVSHAN Sambir district, Lviv oblast, Yugoslavian, italian, German, Dutch, 375, Cranford, NJ 07016. Educational Books - Compact disks - videos-Cassettes is seeking relatives French, Spanish as well as English "Learn Conversational Ukrainian Language tapes vol. 2" - NEW of his uncle, llko Kohut, sources. "Everyday Ukrainian" Language tapes - NEW who emigrated to New York with Among Mr. Sawycky's conclusions, on "Ukrainian Computer fonts - MSDOS A MAC" - CALL Monitors say... "Ukraine the Land A its People - video" - BEST SELLER his wife and two daughters the basis of material examined, is that (Continued from page 1) Call for our free Catalog Hanna and Halyna prior to 1939. "although Lysenko figures in many for– PLEASE CALL: (718) 238-3632. eign sources, his significance for from NATO, the European Council, the 1-800-265-9858 Ukrainian music is delineated accurately international Republican institute, VISA-MASTER CARD-AMEX ACCEPTED in comparatively few works." He goes on FAX (514) 630-9960 Freedom House, the Ukrainian Congress BOX 325, BEACONSF1ELD, QUEBEC to note that older sources tend to have Committee of America and the World CANADA, H9W 5T8 CUT THE COST more misleading and incorrect entries due Congress of Free Ukrainians, among oth– OF YOUR STAY lN KYYiv partially to the fact that "works are often ers. Members of the teams come from a NEWLY RENOvATED, FULLY EQUlP– compiled not only on basis of research but wide spectrum of backgrounds, ranging PED APARTMENTS, CENTER OF KYYIV to some extent by copying preceding from diplomats to students. HOUSEKEEPER;CHILDCARE PHONE, TV, AIRPORT PICK-UP LIVE IWOUT S200-2257WEEK FOR 2-3 PEOPLE GOOD REFERENCES, ІЛСАЛАЧХХ) Saturday, April 9 DRIVER'S LICENSE, ENGLISH SPEAKING, REAKSTATE SEJtviCtS Preview... TEL: (201) 996-1776 TEL: (714) 523-3969 NEW YORK: Ludmila Morozowa's land- FAX: (714) 739-7106 (Continued from page 24) scape paintings of Greece, painted at differ– (602)991-4656. ent periods of her life, are on exhibit at World Wide Art Gallery, 24 W. 57th St., Sunday, April 3 Room 303. The works are part of a group Need a back issue? SlLvER SPR1NG, Md.: A benefit con- show titled "Sunscapes." The other artists if you'd like to obtain a back issue of The Ukrainian Weekly, send S2 per copy (first-class postage cert featuring Olha Bohomoletz, singer in the show are Esti Dunow, who paints included) to: Administration, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ. 07302. and composer from Kyyiv, will be held at scenes of Mexico and South America, and St. Andrew's Ukrainian Orthodox Church Rosalyn Jacobs, who is inspired by the hall, 15100 New Hampshire Ave., at 1 landscape of southern France. The exhibit p.m. Proceeds will benefit nursing homes, opened March 3 and runs through April 9. orphanages and soup-kitchens in Ukraine. The gallery is open Tuesday-Saturday, 10 PROLOG VIDEO PRESENTS a.m.-5 p.m. For additional information, call Wednesday, April 6 (212) 581-8833. A reception in honor of A film by Oles Yanchuk EDMONTON: The Huculak Chair of Ms. Morozowa will be held at the gallery. Ukrainian Culture and Ethnography and The gallery's director Claudia Dzundza the institute for Ethnomusicology, invites all who know Ms. Morozowa and University of Alberta, prssent a lecture by all who would like to meet her, "to come Taras Filenko of Kyyiv on "influences on have a glass of wine and celebrate her love 60 years ago. One family. One village. of the beauty of the world." Facing the unthinkable. The searing drama the Formation of Musical Culture in Western Ukraine," to be held on campus, Sunday, April 10 of a genocide covered-up for a generation. Fine Arts Building, Room 215, 3 p.m. TORONTO: St. viadimir institute, 620 Ф "Famine - 33" has stark monumentality. Thursday, April 7 Spadina Ave., is holding its annual Spring Stephen Holden, New York Times u CAMBR1DGE, Mass.: The Harvard Tea, 2-4 p.m., featuring watercolors by $ 35.00 ivanna Kushpeta; embroidery exhibit by ь "Famine - 33" is riveting. J Plus S4.95 Ukrainian Research institute is holding a PaulSchultz, Daily News ШМ2 І shipping and lecture as part of its seminar series by Myroslava Kott from Drohobych, ф impressive re-enactment of one І handling Solomea Pavlychko, senior research associ– Ukraine; entertainment by the St. of histories greatest atrocities... ' ate, institute of Literature, Ukrainian viadimir institute Bandura Class; and a Subtitled Academy of Sciences and visiting scholar, puppet show for children by Myroslava Bill Hoffmann, New York Post 95 minvHS Color HUR1, who will speak on "Modernism vs. Betlej. Dunya Fabian will act as mistress To order call Toll Free from USA or Canada: Populism in Fin de Siecle Ukrainian of ceremonies. There will also be a sale of Literature: A Case of Gender Conflict." The pasky, babky and other baked goods. 1 -800-458-0288 lecture will be held in the HUR1 seminar Admission: S5. For reservations, call Prolog video P.O. Box 1084 S.Orange NJ 07079 room, 1583 Massachusetts Ave., 4-6 p.m. (416)923-3318. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 17

NEW RELEASES The ultimate gift for your relatives in UKRA1NE Religious coloring book for kids

PRlOR LAKE, Minn. - "Life of Ukraine, where there is great interest Tractors and Jesus: A Coloring Book," by Alexander among youth in learning English. small farming voronin and Luba Lewytzkyj is the latest The 40-page book is available for S5 publication of Resurrection Press, pub– (U.S.); if ordered together with "Stories ^ equipment lishers of Ukrainian Orthodox Christian from the New Testament," the price is literature, it is a religious bilingual color– S9. Orders may be placed with: ing book conceived as a companion book Resurrection Press, P.O. Box 168; J^AMN STOCK^T– ^ For product information, to "Stories from the New Testament," by Kensington, MD 20895, or, called in by ' -in^U^^caff Toff Free: ^ -800-354-3136 the Rev. Mykhailo Karachkivsky, which contacting Ms. Lewytzkyj, (612) 829- came out in 1993. 3060. international, inc. The book is non-denominational, SEPCORP billed as an "excellent book for 25 Mountain Pass Road, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 USA Orthodox, Catholic, Baptists — any Ukrainian Christian." The drawings are by Oleksander mmmm ША mmm Melnyk of Kyyiv, the illustrator of APRIL 26 - MAY І О "Stories from the New Testament." Mr. 15 DAYS Melnyk's particular interest is religious art. He is a founding member of The 51350 - AirTHotevBreakfast Brotherhood of St. Alipius, an associa– 51450 Airmote^BreakfastyExcnrsions tion of artists working in religious art. S1650 Aiiffiotdft MealsTCxcursions Each drawing carries a short bilingual tn KYYIV-LVIV-POCHAYW explanation of the scene depicted, ^S4WSie TERNOPIL or iv. FRANKIVSK grounding the young reader in a basic knowledge about the life of Jesus. Text KYYIV - HOTEL RUS LVIV - GRAND HOTEL is by Mr. voronyn and Ms. Lewytzkyj. The bilingual text, apart from AIR ONLY ' APRIL І-ЗО - TUESDAY DEPARTURES enabling parents to discuss with their children religious stories in either lan– NY guage, also ensures a greater readership KYYIV .00 not only in English-speaking countries of At NY 600 the Ukrainian diaspora but also in Air Ukraine NJ (201) 731-1132 І-вОО-487-3327 ment of Ukraine and its inevitable devel– Consider... opment toward a market economy. HS Dl ASPORAa– szs ENTERPRISES, IINC. -ло so,rth . (Continued from page 7) 10Л st President Kravchuk was one of the І PH1LA (213) 367-1328 Philadelphia, PA 19103 І President Kravchuk has played his first in Ukraine to understand that, in the hand brilliantly, professionally, managing evolving political order, the U.S. and its to maintain his position of power in a allies objectively can and should have no seemingly hopeless situation. other partner who can play a long-term Taking advantage of the situation in stabilizing role in the European portion Russia, for example, he presented his "of the former Soviet Union, it is precise– partners with a drastic ultimatum: either ly for this reason that official America the continued diminishing of significant opened its arms wide to the same person KRA1NE influence on the post-Soviet geopolitical who just in January was treated as a ХЛ -A CONC1SF process, or support of his declarations minor player during the talks between ENCYCLOPEDIA KRA1NE and actions vis-a-vis the nuclear disarma– Presidents Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin. І -A CONC1SE U.S. defense... leaders, explained Defense Minister UNIVERSITY OF Radetsky. He said Ukraine would main- TORONTO PRESS ENCYCLOPEDIA (Continued from page 1) tain its part of the agreement for now. "But remember that if either does not duces trolley cars. stick to the schedule, it will have to be The defense secretary explained at his revised," he added. press conference in Kyyiv that the money Mr. Perry, for his part, added that he for defense conversion will be dedicated would look into the matter when back in to just such conversion as is taking place volume 1 and 11 the U.S. and promised that "the problem at Pivdenmash; to develop workers' will be resolved in a week to 10 days." You can obtain both volumes for only S170.00 morale and to help factory managers iron Finally, Mr. Perry extinguished expec– out problems of conversion. tations that Ukraine would eventually including Postage Where's the compensation for nukes? receive security guarantees. He explained that the U.S. has not granted guarantees ORDER NOW Although Ukraine has been transferring for more than 20 years. Guarantees imply nuclear warheads to Russia, no uranium that if Ukraine would be attacked by Fill out the order blank below and mail it with your check or money order rods for Ukraine's power plants have been another country, the U.S. would commit shipped by Russia to Ukraine, as was stip– troops for Ukraine's military defense. USE THlS COUPON! ulated in the January tripartite agreement Defense Secretary Perry said that at the signed by the presidents of Ukraine, Moscow summit, Russia, the U.S. and Russia and the U.S. Russia currently owes Great Britain all agreed to provide security To: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, inc. Ukraine S60 million in fuel rods. assurances for Ukraine's borders and inde– 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 The issue was discussed at meetings pendence. He said the U.S. "was not even between the U.S. and Ukrainian military considering" security guarantees. І hereby order Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia

D volume І - J95.00 П volume ll - S95.00 Notice to publishers and authors D volumes 1 ft ll - Ш0.ОО it is The Ukrainian Weekly's policy to run news items anchor reviews of newly published books, booklets and reprints, as well as records and pre– Enclosed is (a check, M.O.) for the amount S ^^^^ Please send the book (s) to the following address: miere issues of periodicals, only after receipt by the editorial offices of a copy of the material in question. News items sent without a copy of the new release will not be pub– lished. Send new releases and information (where publication may be pur- chased, cost, etc.) to: The Editor, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. 18 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

organization in the Crimea, but in the fall thereby setting the stage for.a direct proposals on the delineation of power Presidential... of that year the RDK was split by dissen– confrontation with Kyyiv in the spring between the two sides; and suspending its (Continued from page 2) sion within its ranks, in October, at the of 1992. The Ukrainian authorities, resolution on the referendum. organization's third conference, Mr. while warning their Crimean counter- Subsequent negotiations led to a of confrontation between Kyyiv and Meshkov's supporters founded the parts that they would not permit any power-sharing scheme agreed to by both Symferopil, and in early September the Republican Party of the Crimea (RDK) changes in Ukraine's borders, held sides that was embodied in a new Crimean Parliament declared the negotiations with Symferopil that Ukrainian law on the delineation of Crimea's state sovereignty, but as a con– and chose Mr. Meshkov as its leader. The power, which was passed on June 30 but stituent part of Ukraine. RDK, however, continued to exist as an resulted in a draft law on the delin– allied movement (with Mr. Meshkov also eation of power between Ukraine and with the provision that it would not go The main force behind the Crimea's at its head) and serves as the RDK's mass the Crimea, in its final form, however, into effect until the Crimea's constitution drive to distance itself from Kyyiv has base from which party members are the law was amended to the detriment and laws were brought into line with been Mr. Meshkov's Republican recruited. of the Crimea, which prompted its Ukraine's constitution and that the refer– Movement of the Crimea (RDK), which endum would be called off. The Crimea, Mr. Meshkov's former supporters Parliament to unexpectedly declare the assumed organizational form on August for its part, imposed a moratorium on its from lmpeks-55 Crimea and the Afghan peninsula's independence on May 5, 24, 1991 - the same day that Ukraine referendum resolution in early July, and veterans organization announced plans 1992, subject to a referendum in early declared its independence - and was offi– in September it revised its constitution to for the establishment of a Russian August; Crimean voters were to be cially registered on November 19. The meet the RDK's requirements.6 Language Movement of the Crimea, asked to register their stand both on the RDK was founded by, among others, a The compromise essentially remained which conveniently retained the acronym RDK's independence question and on group of Crimean lawmakers and the undisturbed until the recent elections. On RDK.4 At the RDK's second congress in the declaration itself. Crimean Republican Union of veterans of October 14, 1993, however, the Crimean October 1993, Mr. Meshkov told dele- Afghanistan, and its main source of finan– Kyyiv responded predictably, main– Parliament passed a law providing for the gates that the peninsula's salvation lay in cial support was a shadowy agricultural taining that Symferopil's decisions were election of a Crimean president, which "the economic and political indepen– construction company called lmpeks-55 unconstitutional and setting a May 20 was scheduled for January 16. At the dence of the Republic of the Crimea," Crimea. The RDK's main political deadline for the Crimean Parliament to time, the law attracted little interest; which would be achieved by a local ref– demand has been state independence for annul its decisions; at the same time, it observers focused their main attention on erendum.5 the Crimea in union with other states that offered to continue talks with the another law adopted the same day, which were formerly part of the USSR. The RDK was primarily responsible Crimean authorities. The Crimean amended previously enacted legislation This is precisely the formulation that for pressuring the Crimean Parliament Parliament acted on May 21 by annulling on the forthcoming parliamentary elec– the RDK proposed when it launched a to adopt a referendum law in November its resolution on the independence decla– tions by establishing quotas for the drive for a local referendum at the end of 1991 and subsequently gathered the ration (but not the declaration itself); Crimean Tatars (14 seats) and other 1991. Throughout most of 1992 it requisite number of signatures to hold a proposing that Kyyiv suspend its law on nations deported from the peninsula (one remained the most influential political referendum on the independence issue, Crimean autonomy; calling for concrete seat each for the Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks and Germans).7 As it turned out, by propelling Mr. Meshkov to center stage, the presidential election set the OKSANA INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INC. preconditions for a renewed conflict between Kyyiv and Symferopil and, by 1111 East Elizabeth Avenue, Linden NJ 07036 all accounts, has strengthened Moscow's Tel: (908) 925 0717 o Fax: (908) 925 3724 Шоп - Fri 9-6Pm. Sat 10-ЗРт position vis-a-vis Kyyiv. i цуп л ІМГ-.К. піілліА JAnswering System 24 Hours The Crimean factor in Ukrainian- PACKAGESTO UKRAINE^, RUSSIA,C Russian relations is rather less complicat– ed. As mentioned earlier, the Russian public at large as well as its political lead– BlELORUSSlA, POLAND, LlTHUANlA, ership simply cannot entertain the notion that the Crimea, with the Black Sea Fleet headquarters in Sevastopil, is now in a 4л LATVIA AND SLOVAKIA. foreign country, all the more so that this foreign country is widely believed not to тШї By Boat, By Air-Plaine, be a foreign country at all. J^Bf By Super-Express", As Andranik Migranyan, a member of Boris Yeltsin's Presidential Council,

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verkoshansky, a local entrepreneur, tion on the Crimea's status and asked Crimea's state status. Mr. Meshkov, for Presidential... focused his attention above all on the need Kyyiv to withdraw its troops from the his part, is now faced with the unenviable (Continued from page 18) for economic reform. peninsula, arguing that the presence of task of satisfying his campaign promises. The results of the January 16 election the Black Sea Fleet is sufficient guaran– together with the problem of the disposi– gave Mr. Meshkov 38.49 percent of the tee of the Crimea's security.20 tion of the Black Sea Fleet remains a vote and Mr. Bagrov 17.55 percent, Moscow, in turn, has assumed a low 9 major bone of contention between Krymskaya Pravda, December 25, thereby requiring a second round, which profile. After his visit with President Ukraine and Russia. 1993. was scheduled for January 30. The Kravchuk, Mr. Meshkov went on to the 10 Krymskaya izvestiya, December Presidential election: candidates, issues remaining candidates all received less Russian capital. The day before his 22, 1993. than 15 percent of the vote: Mr. arrival, on February 10, Mr. Yeltsin's 11 Krymskaya Pravda, December 28, The first round of balloting on January Shuvainikov, 13.56 percent; Mr. Hrach, spokesman announced that the Russian 1993. 16 offered Crimean voters six presiden– 12.18 percent; Mr. Ermakov, 6.24 per– president had no plans to meet with his 12 visti z Ukrainy, October 28- tial candidates: Mr. Meshkov, Sergei cent; and Mr. verkoshansky, 0.98 per– Crimean counterpart "in the near November 3, 1993. Shuvainikov, ivan Ermakov, Leonid cent.13 Two weeks later Mr. Meshkov future."21 Russian Prime Minister 13 For the official results, see Hrach and viadimir verkoshansky. soundly defeated Mr. Bagrov to become viktor Chernomyrdin has also assured Krymskaya Pravda, January 19. Mr. Meshkov, head of the Republican the Crimea's first president. Kyyiv that Moscow has no claims on 14 Uryadovyi Kurier, January 22. Party of the Crimea (Party of the RDK), 22 the Crimea. Clearly, at this juncture, 15 For the text, see Uryadovyi Kurier was born in 1945 in the Dnipropetrovske Election aftermath the Russian leadership is not prepared March 3. region and considers himself to be a Even before the second round the to exacerbate relations with Ukraine, 16 Reuters, January 18. Russian. His father is Russian, a Kuban Ukrainian Parliament began to take pre– particularly in view of the tripartite 17 Moskovskie novosti, January 30- Cossack; his mother Ukrainian. He com– cautionary measures against the possi– nuclear arms agreement signed in February 6. pleted his secondary education in bility of the Crimea distancing itself fur– January. 18 Reuters, February 13. Symferopil, served with the border ther from Kyyiv. On January 20, law- in all probability, Kyyiv will manage 191TAR-TASS, February 13. guards, and then graduated from the law makers approved a change in the consti– its relations with Symferopil as it has in 20 Ostankino Television, "Novosti," faculty of Moscow State University. tution allowing the president to nullify the past, that is, by continuing the dia– March 2. Thereafter, Mr. Meshkov worked as a any normative acts either of the central logue with the Crimean leadership while 211TAR-TASS, February 10. senior investigator in the Crimean Oblast organs of power or of the Crimean standing firm on the question of the 22 Financial Times, February 21. Procurator's Office and later as a lawyer authorities considered to be in violation for private companies, in February 1990, 14 of the Ukrainian Constitution. Less he was elected a deputy of the Crimean than a month after the final election 10o7o OFF EASTER FOOD PACKAGES TO UKRAlNE Oblast Soviet. results, on February 24, Parliament As mentioned earlier, Mr. Meshkov's adopted a resolution "On the Status of RDK played a key role in mobilizing S126.00 390.00 S85.00 the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea PARCEL m S44etfGT- 67 lbs. PARCEL Я2 SWetftr-42 lbs. PARCEL tf3S85tfCT-31 lbs support for a Crimean referendum at the in Conformity with the Acting end of 1991 and in early 1992 and, in the Constitution and Legislation of 5 lbs. Ham 2 lbs. Raisins 3 lbs. Coffee 5 lbs. Ham 100 ct. Tea bags 1 lb. Ham 6 lbs. Sausage 3 lbs. Bacon 5 lbs. Bacon 10 lbs. Macaroni 1 lb. Bacon 3 lbs. Sausage past, often called for the peninsula's sep– Ukraine," which was meant to spell out 10 lbs. Rice 5 lbs. Sugar aration from Ukraine. During the election 6 lbs. Sausage 5 lbs. Cocoa 3 lbs. vegetable Shortening 5 lb. Pwdr. milk 10 lbs. 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" This was lated that the Crimean authorities had Direct shipments to your relatives by ship or by air. to be achieved after holding a referen– one month within which to bring its SECURE - SAFE - REUABLE dum and joining the Commonwealth of constitution and laws in line with independent States (OS) "on the basis of Ukraine's constitution and laws.15 UKRAINIAN GIFT SHOP DNlPRO 10 11758 Mitchell 698 Sanford Ave. political and economic treaties." Mr. Meshkov, for his part, made a Hamtramck, Ml 48212 Newark, N.J. 07106 Mr. Bagrov, speaker of the Crimean clear effort to avoid unnecessarily anger– Parliament, was born in 1937 in the ing Kyyiv by downplaying the sepa– (313)892-6563 (201)373-8783 Kherson region and is Ukrainian, in ratism issue. Two days after the first 1967, he completed a dissertation on the round of balloting, he was quoted as say– Crimea at Moscow State University. A ing: "The Crimea will not separate from member of the Communist Party of the Ukraine. We will not live under either Soviet Union since 1962, Mr. Bagrov Ukraine or Russia but rather with both of rose through the ranks of the Crimean them...":16 And on the eve of the second Thinking about buying a home? 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The For 1-3 Family Owner Occupied Homes essence, Mr. Bagrov supported the status economy was also the main subject of his quo in the Crimea's relations with meeting in Kyyiv with Ukrainian Quick Appraisal and Approval Kyyiv, rejecting the need for a referen– President Leonid Kravchuk on February Low Closing Fees dum and maintaining that the Crimea's 4. At the same time, Mr. Meshkov has status as an autonomous republic within continued to press for a local referendum Fast and Friendly Service Ukraine was fixed in the peninsula's (planned for March 27) in which voters constitution and required no further would be asked if they favor "an inde– deliberations.12 pendent Republic of the Crimea in union Mr. Shuvainikov, leader of the Russian with other states."18 By presidential Thinking about refinancing? (Russkaya) Party of the Crimea, plainly decree on March 15, Mr. Kravchuk said called for the return of the Crimea to the referendum is unconstitutional and Russia; Mr. Hrach, head of the Communist therefore, cannot take place. Party of the Crimea, supported the restora– Another move calculated to irritate the Take the right step. Call us about rates, tion of a "voluntary union" of the former Ukrainian authorities is Mr. Meshkov's terms and more information at Soviet republics and the Crimea's eco– choice of the well-known economist nomic integration with Russia; Mr. Evgeniy Saburov, a Russian citizen, as Ermakov, the presidential representative in the Crimea's prime minister.19 Mr. Sevastopil and deputy head of the Crimean Saburov has accepted the offer, but Parliament, argued for a confederation of Kyyiv is questioning the legality of a 1 (800) 253-9862 (except N.J.) or the former republics in a "single Eurasian Russian citizen holding public office in (201)451-2200 economic commonwealth" and the need Ukraine. Finally, Mr. Meshkov has criti– for a referendum; the final contender, Mr. cized the Ukrainian Parliament's resolu– 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

tary elections" We are basically subsidiz– The Donbas factor... ing Ukraine's economy, but we cannot 34 Kyyivan (Continued from page 8) get any economic help from Kyyiv." His idea is to let the old industries Kyyiv," Mr. Krilov says. He demands Pecherska Lavra slowly die out and to bring in new ones, open borders between Russia and Ukraine such as the manufacturing of consumer and very close economic relations with goods and food processing. The plan is Russia, but considers that a return to the to be implemented by forming a network ruble zone is impossible. However, he notes, "We don't really want to be separat– of regional associations of businesses, ed from Russia, we want to reconstruct a which are also to concern themselves Slavic state."30 with social issues such as creating employment opportunities, maintaining ф The Congress of National- incomes, protecting the environment and Democratic Forces. One moderate ensuring public health. Ukrainian nationalist group in the Donbas The second set of demands is an "experi– region is the regional branch of the ment" with a measure of economic self-rule Congress of National-Democratic Forces, for four of Ukraine's eastern oblasts. On which is led locally by Stepan Mishanych. November 26, 1993, and February 21, He is also a candidate in the parliamen– President Kravchuk issued decrees granting tary elections. His aims are political the oblasts of Donetske, Zaporizhzhia, reforms, including the division of powers, Dnipropetrovske and Kharkiv more power and economic reforms involving "decolo– in the field of administering property that This unique film about the secrets of the catacombs in Kyyiv is now available both in nization and demonopolization." had previously been under the sole authori– Ukrainian and English. Scenes from this underground monastery have never been available Preserving the independence of Ukraine is ty of the state. The February decree extend– on video. During the times of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, the holy monks Antonij and his priority. He favors local economic ed the November order and allows the local Feodosij founded the underground monastery on the banks of the river Dnipro — this was self-government. Although he also wishes authorities to manage the property of all the the beginning of the Kyyivan Pecherska Lavra — a great religious and cultural center. to improve relations with Russia, Mr. enterprises of all industries, except energy, Mishanych complains that old "Soviet" Price: S39.95 U.S. communications and the railway.35 S49.95 Canadian structures are still operating and that "the red directors" remain in power.31 The third concerns an appeal addressed to the presidents of Russia and Ukraine To order call: 1-800-KONTAKT 9 Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (566-8258) that was issued at a meeting in Belgorod (KUN). Maria Oliynyk heads the party on January 28, by the leaders of the fol– or send in your order to the following address: locally. She favors a compromise between Ukrainian Television Entertainment lowing Russian and Ukrainian border a parliamentary and a presidential system oblasts: Belgorod, Briansk, voronezh, P.O. Box 740232 and a market economy with a "safety Rcgo Park, NY 11374-0232 Kursk, Rostov, and Donetske, Luhanske, net." She objects to Russian being given Sumy, Kharkiv and Chernihiv. The signa– an equal status with Ukrainian as a state tories ask for their border zone to be grant– Phone: language, but she supports free cultural ed a special economic status and blame Day( ). development for all nationalities living in Eve ( ) „ "the disintegration of the traditional eco– Shipping 8L Handling: U.S. Canadian Ukraine. She advocates a professional nomic links for the deepening of the socio- S3.95 S5.95 First Copy army and thinks that Ukraine should economic crisis in Russia and Ukraine." S1.95 S2.95 Additional Copies retain nuclear weapons if other states keep Price No. of copies Shipping 8L Handling Subtotal Taxes^ They urge that the two countries "retain і-x-–H theirs. She opposes Ukraine's participa– the old links and build new ones, and cre– Enclosed is our check in the amount of S „ to: Ukrainian Television Entertainment tion in the OS and prefers developing ^ Only for N.Y.S. residents. ate favorable conditions for mutual invest– mutually beneficial bilateral relations with 32 ments as well as direct financial clearing the states of the former USSR. channels and the tax-free transfer of com– 36 Kyyiv's response to demands modities and services." The text of the appeal is apparently being studied by the in recent months the government in Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers. JJAMALIA. Kyyiv has had to deal with three sets of TRAVEL CONSULTANTS demands from the Donbas for various Conclusions 43 St. Mark's Place, Suite 6E, New York., N.Y. 10003 kinds of enhanced autonomy. it appears that the new Parliament The first is a separate economic and that Ukraine's voters are about to elect social program for the Donbas, prepared will have a sizable contingent of EASTER IN UKRAINE in Donetske, that was adopted on deputies from the Donbas and other KYYIVTLVIV December 2, 1993, by the Cabinet of AIR UKRAINE eastern oblasts who will seek far-reach– Ministers. According to Mikhail Popov, (2DAYSy(9DAYS) ing adjustments in the country's internal 22 APR1L-3 MAY794 one of the authors of the economic pro- politics and external orientation. A ITINERARY gram, the main idea behind it is to devel– 12DAYS-S1199 majority of the parliamentary candidates op a self-sustaining market economy by ^ Palm Sunday Mass at St Sofia's in the Donbas want closer economic ties ALL INCLUSIVE creating new organizational structures ^ Tour of St. Andrew's Heights with Russia, some form of regional ^ Easter Week in Lviv that provide the necessary decentraliza– autonomy, and curbs on the gradual ^ Excursion to Morshyn and Dovbush' Cliff tion of investment. "The practice of tax Ukrainization of their areas as envisaged v Excursion to Ternopil and Pochaiv Monastery funds distribution must be changed to by the Law on Languages adopted by ^ Good Friday in Hoshiv make regions financially stronger than ^ Holy Saturday -Tour of Lviv's Major Cathedrals the Communist-era Supreme Soviet in they are now," he said.33 October 1989. "Seventy percent of what's collected FOR RESERvATlONS AND iNFORMATlON PLEASE CALL Whether what is happening in the here is taken out of the region," said Mr. Donbas amounts to latent separatism is Popov, who has been nominated as an as yet unclear; much will depend on 1 800 HAMAL1A independent candidate for the parliamen– Kyyiv's reaction and whether compro– mises can be worked out. At present, though, representatives of the region's political elite are still prepared to seek Read The Weekly. Wear The Weekly. solutions to their problems within the Ukrainian political system, and the Now available: The Ukrainian Weekly T-shirts report by the Central intelligence featuring The Ukrainian Weekly flag in white lettering on 10007o cotton black T-shirt. Agency claiming there is a danger of Ukraine disintegrating appears to be Price: $10 , plus $2 postage7handling, per shirt. To order, fill out form below, clip and mail to: somewhat exaggerated.

THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY 30 Author's interview with Mikhail Krilov in Donetske, February 9. 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302 31 Author's interview with Stepan (No phone orders, please.) Mishanych in Donetske, February 9. 32 Author's interview with Maria Oliynyk in Donetske on February 8. Size Quantity Total number of shirts:^ (012 per shirt) Amount enclosed:.. 33 Mikhail Popov, "Self-Financing Regional Partnerships..." S 34 Name:. Author's interview with Mr. Popov in M Donetske, February 8. 35 L Address :„ Holos Ukrainy, December 3, 1993, and Uriadovyi Kurier, February 26. 36 XL City:^^ . State:. . Zip:. Radio Ukraine, February 1, and Holos Ukrainy, February 4. The author is in posses– sion of the text of the appeal. No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 21

Boychyshyn case stirs controversy Downtown Community Television Newsbriefs... The Big Apple... Center in 1990, she directed the docu– KYYiv — According to a report filed (Continued from page 2) (Continued from page 12) mentary "A Window East." by The Globe and Mail correspondent As a resident fellow in directing at the mounting unpaid energy debt. He also John Gray, the head of Ukraine's security Chamber Music, whose artistic director is American Film institute in Los Angeles, said that the city's reserves were down to services, Yevhen Marchuk, suggested Theodore Kuchar. Ms. Odezynska co-wrote and directed 18 percent of the amount required and that kidnapped Rukh fund-raiser Adding special luster to some of the three narrative videos, "Roofing," "The that the shortages would probably contin– Mykhailo Boychyshyn had absconded evenings were prominent guests from the 3 Recruit" and "Body Parts." in 1992, she ue in the ensuing days. (Respublika) with funds and fled abroad. The March Australian Consulate in New York - was awarded a special scholarship by the 23 item mentions that Rukh officials and WQXR-Radio's Robert Sherman, who Hollywood Foreign Press Association for U.S. issues Crimean communique Mr. Boychyshyn's family were outraged opened one of the Australian Festival pro- grams. The music series is directed by Mr. her work at the film institute. KYYiv - The U.S. Embassy in by such allegations, countering that Ukraine issued a formal statement on police conducting the investigation Suk, the institute's artist-in-residence. All about Ukrainians passed information about the political March 18, in connection with Crimean m Focus on film Howard Goldberg, president of President Yuriy Meshkov's intent to party's financial backers on to third par- "Adventure on a Shoestring" walking conduct a referendum on the peninsu– ties, who then mounted an intimidation Andrea Odezynska's short film tours in New York, told Debbie Shean of la's political and economic orientation campaign against them. No conclusive "Dora," a finalist in its category in J:he WPAT-FM Radio that "you can get a and Ukrainian President Leonid evidence supporting either claim has sur– 1994 Academy Awards, was selected by plateful of pierogies (sic) for just one Kravchuk's order prohibiting such a faced. (The Globe and Mail) the Brooklyn Arts Council as one of the dollar on the Lower East Side" Making a plebiscite. The communique urged the winners of its 28th annual Film and Russian territorial claims denied guest appearance on Ms. Shean's talk Crimean government to "avoid further video Festival, it was shown with other show, Mr. Goldberg described the "large confrontation" with its Ukrainian coun– MOSCOW - Speaking to a press award-winning films at the Metropolitan Ukrainian community, which has a lively terpart and affirmed U.S. commitment scrum of Russian and French journalists, Museum of Art's Uris Auditorium on church - St. George's Ukrainian Church to principles outlined by the Conference Russian First Deputy Foreign Minister March 19. v - and at 31 E. Seventh St., there's a rec– on Security and Cooperation in Europe Anatoliy Adamishin said, on March 21, The half-hour film is described by Los tory; on the lower level there's a restau– and its "support of Ukraine's sovereign– that his country supports the indepen– Angeles critic Andy Klein as "a winning rant known only to the neighborhood." ty, independence and territorial integri– dence of all other OS states, particularly blend of whimsy and introspection." e "Yes, My Darling Daughter," based ty." it was further stated that, as a sig– Ukraine. According to an 1TAR-TASS Critic Linda Thomas called the film "a on the Ukrainian folk song "Oy, ne natory of the January 14 tripartite report, Mr. Adamishin asserted that playful dip into love and performance Khody Hrystiu," was the first big hit agreement with the U.S. and Ukraine, Crimea should remain part of Ukraine art." recorded by songstress Dinah Shore, who Russia also had made such a commit– and that Russia has no territorial claims "Dora" is about the romantic and eth– died last month at the age of 77. Miss ment. (Respublika) against the latter. He added that any nic crisis of a young Ukrainian American Shore's Bluebird label recording sold break-up of Ukraine would adversely woman who resorts to her grandmother's Project Hope shipments continue over 1 million copies. affect its northern neighbor, and that old-country magic (the Kupalo ritual of e placing a candle-topped floral wreath on New York Mayor Rudy Guiliani is KYYiv - The latest in shipments of Russia was trying to prevent such a the surface of a pond) to win the affec– the godfather of little Deanna medical7humanitarian aid being con– development "by all means." (RFE7RL tion of a man. When things go her way, McConnell, who is of part-Ukrainian veyed to Ukraine under the U.S. govern– Daily Report) however, she isn't sure whether she real– ancestry. Deanna, her brother Andrij and ment's Project Hope program arrived at Russia to print accurate maps ly wants him. Starring John Glover, Joan parents Robert McConnell and Nadia Boryspil Airport on March 18. The 35- Gaimmarco (as Dora), Barbara Kraft, Komarnyckyj McConnell, who live in ton cargo, valued at about S3.7 million, MOSCOW - According to the Adriana Hirka and Chuck Noland, the Washington, were seated next to Mary consists of medical supplies and medica– Segodnya newspaper, Russian geogra– film was written by Ms. Odezynska and Dushnyck, honorary member of the tions destined for clinics and hospitals in phers are working on a map that would David Lewison, and directed by Ms. Ukrainian National Association's Kyyiv, Donetske, Lviv and Odessa. not only reflect recent changes that have Odezynska. Supreme Assembly, at the mayor's inau– Transportation costs for the shipment transformed the geopolitical terrain, but guration. were covered by the U.S. Department of also have a more direct relation to reality. "Dora" has won awards at film festi– 9 Wayne Gretzky, known as "The Great Defense. (Respublika) Because of the obsessive secrecy of the vals in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, One," has surpassed the record number of Soviet regime, cartographers were forced Calif., and in South Carolina, and will be goals made by the greatest hockey player Red tape delays U.S. aid to N1S to distort important roads and completely screened at the Cleveland international of all time, Gordie Howe. Gretzky, who ignore cities and towns built around mili– Film Festival in April. The film will also WASHINGTON - over S65 million " plays for the Los Angeles Kings, passed tary. installations or any other objects be shown at Scotland's Edinburgh in U.S. aid destined for the countries of the Howe's mark of 801 goals in the March deemed "strategically important." These Festival, the Krakow international Short former Soviet Union has been delayed for ""23 home game against vancouver. The cartographers must now take the USSR's Film Festival and in Melbourne, Australia. about three months because of a bureau– record now stands at 802. disintegration in 1991 into account. As a Anyone desiring to screen the film may cratic error. State Department officials result, borders between the newly inde– call (310) 397-8953. allegedly failed to send routine paperwork pendent states, formerly only significant Ms. Odezynska, a native . of to the correct agency in Congress. The Need a back issue? to bureaucrats, have to be clearly marked. Philadelphia, attended the Royal funds were apportioned for Peace Corps if you'd like to obtain a back issue of The The item made no mention of the translit–. Academy of Dramatic Arts in London programs, student exchanges, and lab-to- Ukrainian Weekly, send $2 per copy (first- eration system that will be used for and started her directing career in Off- lab scientific projects sponsored by the class postage included) to: Administration, toponyms in Ukraine and other newly Off-Broadway theaters in New York, U.S. Department of Energy, and others. The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., independent states. (The Wall Street including, RAPP and La Mama ETC. (Washington Times) Jersey City, N.J. 07302. Journal) Named artist-in-residence at the Russia claims interest in Moldova

CH1S1NAU - viadlen vasev, Russia's mediator in the Moldovan con– KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. flict, told the info-Tag agency on March 157 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 21 that "Russia has geostrategic interests (212) 254-8779 in Moldova and also means to defend the mm (800) 535-5587 Еи„ьшшпх) Russian-speaking population." This is the first public claim of such a role by a - 74 YEARS OF EXPER1ENCE - Уего Kowbosniufc-Shumeyfco, senior government official. The state– СВЯТКУЙТЕ ВЕЛИКДЕНЬ ment is also at variance with the positive rating given to Moldovan authorities on РАДІСНО І ПРИЄМНО З РІДНЕЮ human and ethnic rights by international ТА ПРИЯТЕЛЯМИ В УКРАЇНІ agencies monitoring the situation. (RFE7RL Daily Report) EASTER IN UKRAINE Poland, Ukraine sign partnership April 23 to May 6,1994 S773.00 Roundtrip Airfare to LvlM WARSAW - Ukrainian Foreign RESERVATIONS ACCEPTED FOR: Minister Anatoliy Zlenko met with his Polish counterpart here on March 21, and CENTRALLY LOCATED HOTELSft TRANSFER S TRANSPORTATION TO OTHER CITIES OF UKRAINE signed a joint declaration of "close part– PYSANKATOUR nership" between the two countries. The Air Registrationby March 29,1994 VISA SERVICES FOR UKRAINE PROVIDED daily Gazeta Wyborcza quoted the main point of the declaration, an assertion that TO: KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. S300.00 DEPOSiT per person both sides were determined to prevent 157 Second Avenue "the creation of new divisions in Europe, New York, N.Y. 10003 the resurrection of hegemonistic tenden– cies and the establishment of fnewj NameXs:. spheres of influence." The report men– tioned that this declaration was "clearly" Address:. Street City concluded in response to recent Russian foreign policy statements. (RFE7RL Zip Code: Area Code ( ) Tel. No. . Daily Report) 22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13

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BOYS' CAMP - MONDAY, JULY 4 - SUNDAY, JULY 17 RECREATlONAL CAMP FOR BOYS AGE 7-12, FEATURlNG HlKlNG, SWIMMING, GAMES, UKRAINIAN SONGS AND FOLKLORE. UNA MEMBERS: S160.00 PER WEEK; NON-MEMBERS S180.00 PER WEEK ADDLTLONAL COUNSELOR FEE S25.00 PER CHLLD PER WEEK LlMlT: 45 CHILDREN. GlRLS' CAMP - MONDAY, JULY 4 - SUNDAY, JULY 17 RUN lN CONJUNCTlON WlTH THE BOYS' CAMP. SAME PROGRAM, FEES AND LlMlTS APPLY. UKRAINIAN FOLK DANCE WORKSHOP - SUNDAY, JULY 24 - SUNDAY, AUGUST 7 TRADITIONAL UKRAINIAN FOLK DANCING FOR BEGINNERS, ivan Franko INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED DANCERS, FOOD a LODGING: UNA Across 37. First name of iF's miserly merchant. MEMBERS S265.00 NON-MEMBERS S295. lNSTRUCTORS' FEE: S150.00. LlMlT: 60 STUDENTS. 1. Kozak leader featured in 1F s 38. Newspaper 1F edited in 1883-1885. 1900 epic poem. 39. Writing equipment for 1F. THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION DOES NOT DISCRIMINATE AGAINST ANY– 4. Profession of iF's father. ONE BASED ON AGE, RACE, CREED, SEX OR COLOR, 6. Where 1F was in 1877. Down FOR MORE LNFORMATLON, PLEASE CONTACT THE MANAGEMENT OF SOYUZIVKA. 7. Semi-monthly 1F co-published 1. Where 1F earned his Ph.D. ALL CAMPS FTWORKSHOP S MUST BE PRE-REG1STERED! (1890-5). ALL NECESSARY MED1CAL FORMS 6 PERMLSSLON SUPS MUST BE 1N NO LATER 9. Cartographer's work. 3. Journal which published iF's articles THAN TWO WEEKS PRLOR TO START OF CAMP! NO EXCEPTLONS!! 11. Month 1F died. on folklore. (He was co-publisher). 12. Pecan or cashew. 4. iF's Laugher. 13. Attila. 5. Mrs. 1F (maiden name). 14. Political party 1F co-founded in 1890. 6. 1F by profession. WIN A ROUND TRIP TO KYYIV FOR TWO! 16. Something in 29 Across named after 1F. 7. Where 1F was born. Plus seven days apartment accomodation in beautiful Kyyiv. Entries 310.00 17. Mrs. 1F (first name) -8. Where 1F attended gymnasium. each. Drawing will be held May 1,1994, for Air Ukraine tickets(NYC-KYYTV ) 18. Mr. Or.assis. 9. 1F's 1905 biblical epic. valid 5Д5 to 12731У94. Send form and check or MO (SlO.OO ea. entry) to UAEEA 19. Compete. 10.1F was correspondent for this Polish RAFFLE, P.O. Box 116, Castle Creek, NY 13744. Entry tickets sent by return mail. 20. A no vote. newspaper. 22. Seven :n ancient Rome. 11. iF's "poet of treason." Name: ^^^^^^^^,Tel. 23. Salary. 15. iF's political mentor. Address: 24. Canadian translator of iF's poems. 21. First name of iF's wily fox. 26. iF's ":— Constrictor." 23. iF's frequent co-editor. .ZEP . 27. 11 Across in 1 Down. 25. iF's anti-everybody poem. Sponsored by Ukrainian–American Educational Exchange Assnociation. Funds to benefitUkrainian 28. Pince —. 26.1F's"Zakhar ." American exchange programs. AH ticket donations tax-deductible. For more info., call (607) 648-2224. 29. Where 1F University is located. 31.1F was on editorial board of this 30. Peculiar. student magazine. 32. Last name of iF's miserly merchant. 33. Unhappy. 34. Writing equipment for 1F. 35. Writing equipment for 1F. 27 LB FOOD PARCEL TO UKRA1NE 36. Last name of iF's wily fox. 36. Personal pronoun. HAM 850 g $25.50 MACARONI 172 KlLO Free delivery in 1. Frankivsk., presidential, oblast and municipal elec– FLOUR 5 " Lviv, Ternopii. Call for other Election eve... tions on June 26. Apart from the presi– RlCE 2 " areas.. Order by mailing (Continued from page 10) dential election of December 1, 1991, SUGAR 2 " your address and that of of government from national-democrats these will be Ukraine's first democratic OIL m " your relatives along with in the west and centrist-liberals in the elections since independence. The elec– MARGARINE east. Despite similarities in the economic tions will bring to office many new fig– COFFEE 172 " checks Money Order to: programs of centrist-liberals and nation– ures who are expected to endeavor to CHOCOLATE 250 g UKRAINE MARKETING CO. al-democrats, however, the pro-Russian reverse the country's economic decline BAKING POWDER10 1000 g g PO Box 0553 foreign policy platform of the former and instill public confidence in Ukraine's TEA 100g YORKTOWN HTS, NY 0553 may drive the national-democrats into the nascent political institutions. The elec– Tel: (914) 962-6843 arms of the Party of Power in order to tions will also test the country's ability to 21012 Royal Ann Rd, Bothell, WA 98021 form a ruling coalition. preserve domestic tranquility and region– Given the relatively low level of sup- al cohesiveness in a multi-ethnic state; port for political parties among Ukrainian Ukraine's foreign policy orientation voters, however, the attitude of indepen– could be affected as well. dent and non-aligned deputies in the new in short, it appears the impending Parliament could well be the deciding political transition in Ukraine could be factor in the struggle over who will con– crucial in determining whether the coun– trol Ukraine's future. try will remain a force for stability in The parliamentary elections on March East Central Europe and the former 27 and April 10 are to be followed by Soviet Union. li" (201) 831-1499 ^Ч' While in port, sailing trips for the public ^ PACKAGE and FOOD Parcel Service New Zealanders... are part of the yachts' fund-raising strate– (Continued from page 13) gy– ZAKARPATSKA, iYANO-FRANKivSl The Whitbread fleet leaves Punta del The presence of a throng of Ukrainian LYivSKA and CHERN1YCY OBLASTl Este, Uruguay, on April 2. Pier 66 in Port American well-wishers for their depar– ENGELMAN Grocery RAHWAY Travel Steven Musey Everglades. Fort Lauderdale, will host the ture from Fort Lauderdale would be a Brooklyn, NY Rahway, NJ Milleville, NJ fleet in May. Prior to the May 22 depar– good boost for the "Ukrainian fleet's" 718 436-9709 908 381-8800 609 825-7665 ture for the final leg to Southampton, final legal of this 'round the world England, boats make required repairs. odyssey. AUTHORIZED AGENTS 24 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27,1994 No. 13 Major Ukrainian auction in May PREVIEW OF EVENTS SlLvER SPR1NG, Md. - The along with Carpatho-Ukraine and west- Sunday, March 27 gerdany (beaded necklaces). The course will Ukrainian Philatelic and Numismatic era Ukraine material. Extensive postal be held at St. Michael Ukrainian Catholic mviNGTON, N.J.: Nineteen-year-old Society (UPNS), numbering some 450 history, local and state banknotes, and Church, Shonnard Place at North members worldwide, has announced its finally in the late arrivals section accu– pianist Alex Slobodyanik, recently present– Broadway, 7-9:30 p.m. Registration fee: 63rd mail auction closing on May 15, mulations, local issues, Zemstvo stamps, ed in the Young Concert Artists Series at S20, includes materials. Enrollment is limit– and very scarce in multiples, Lviv over- the 92nd Street in New York and Kennedy ed; register by April 9 by calling Nadia which will feature about 450 lots of Center in Washington, will give a recital Cwiach, (914) 949-7010. Ukrainian philately and numismatics. prints. There is also an extensive collec– featuring a program of works by Haydn, Most of the auction will consist of tri– tion of local, emergency city banknotes, Chopin, Rachmaninoff, Tchaikovsky, Monday, March 28 dent overprints, including many local which were issued in very small quanti– Prokofiev and Skoryk at the Ukrainian ROCKviLLE, Md.: An exhibit of paint– issues, as well as trident overprints ties. Some of these have up to four hand Community Center, 140 Prospect Ave., at signatures. They are very scarce and 7 p.m. The concert is sponsored by the ings and sculptures by Orest S. Poliszczuk applied by hand-made wooden devices, rarely seen on sale. Ukrainian Music institute, Newark, N.J., opens at Montgomery College, Art some of them extremely rare, known in and Ukrainian National Women's League Department Gallery, 51 Manakee St. An two or three copies. To obtain the illustrated and well- of America Branch 28. Tickets: S10, opening reception will be held on Sunday, There is also a nice selection of B1-B8 described auction catalogue, send 50 adults; S8, seniors; S5, students. Part of the April 10, 2-5 p.m. The exhibit runs through stamps, including imperforated and spec– cents in stamps or coins for postage and proceeds to benefit the UNWLA scholar- April 15. Gallery hours: 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. imen stamps not previously offered and a handling to: Mr. У. Zabijaka, P.O. Box For additional information, call (301) 279- ship fund. selection of Hryven's printers' waste, 3711, Silver Spring, MD 20918. 5115. PASSA1C, N.J.: Ukrainian National Women's League of America Branch 18 Tuesday, March 29 Association, which evolved from the will hold its Easter bazaar at St. Nicholas NEW YORK: The Harriman institute at N.Y. Metro... Medical Commission of the Shevchenko Ukrainian Catholic Church auditorium, is holding a lecture 104 President St., 9 a.m.-2 p.m. Featured by Francoise Le Gall, senior economist of (Continued from page 15) Scientific Society, founded in 1897 as the will be: Bohdan Borzemsky, woodcuts; the World Bank, who will address the topic advisories with the Ukrainian National first Ukrainian medical association with an Slava Gerulak, ceramics and sculpture; "Problems of the Economic Transition in academic character. Chryzanta Hentysz, jewelry and artifacts; Women's League of America in the East Ukraine." The lecture, co-sponsored by the Motria Yaniuk, Ukrainian pottery; village and in addition at the Garden State With the historic attainment of inde– institute on East Central Europe, will be Christine Yurkiw, icons and wood-burned Arts Festival in New Jersey. pendence of Ukraine, a redefinition of held in Room 1512, international Affairs paintings; Sophia Zielyk, ceramics and An annual Christmas celebration is the relationship of all professional over- Building, 420 W. 118th St., noon-2 p.m. pysanky. Camilla Huk, author of being organized together with the seas Ukrainians with their ethnic home- "Hollyhocks," a collection of poetry and Sunday-Friday, March 27-April 1 Ukrainian Engineers Society of America land is needed. The UMANA's current short stories, will autograph copies of her at the Ukrainian institute of America, in mission, according to Dr. Baranetsky, is book for donors of Si0 or more to the PHOEN1X, Ariz.: Christine Boyko of North to promote professional networking and Scottsdale, Ariz., will participate in the annu– the works is participation in the American recently established UNWLA children's social interaction among doctoral con– fund to supply much-needed medical sup- al Easter Egg Exhibit at Bank One Center, international Health Alliance exchange plies for children suffering the effects of 201 N. Central Ave., featuring ethnic styles program between Coney island Medical ferred health care professionals through a the Chornobyl nuclear explosion and aid of decorating eggs representing Lithuania, Center and Odessa Oblast Hospital. variety of activities. With the maturing of their families. Christine Holowchak– Poland, Russia, Estonia, China, Southwestern With the establishment of a Ukrainian the baby-boomer generation and with the DeBarry, a signature member of the American indian tribes, Greece and Ukraine, Consulate in New York City in addition to infusion of new arrivals from Ukraine, American Pastel Society, will sign original as well as carved designs and Faberge style the U.N. diplomatic mission, UMANA– the numbers and collective needs of prints of her illustration of the book's eggery art. Mrs. Boyko will demonstrate N.Y. Metro members have organized Ukrainian American health care profes– cover, which will also benefit the fund. For Ukrainian egg-decorating on Monday, March ambulatory health coverage in all medical sionals have increased dramatically. additional information, call events chair- 28, 11 a.m.-1 p.m. The exhibit is open daily, There are over 500 physicians, dentists person Oksana Korduba, (201) 933-5614. 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mrs. Boyko's pysanky, ceram– specialties for the diplomatic corps. and scientists that are currently registered ics and cards are sold through boutiques in The UMANA was organized in order YONKERS, N.Y.: The Ukrainian National Chicago. She may be contacted by calling for the overseas Ukrainian medical com– with UMANA-N.Y. Metro. Women's League of America is offering a munity in North America to have a collec– For further information, please write: one-evening course in making evening-wear (Continued on page 16) tive voice. The predecessor organization of UMANA-N.Y. Metro, P.O. Box 170, the UMANA was the Lviv Medical Short Hills, NJ 07078-0170.

WOONSOCKET, R.l. DlSTRlCT СОММІТТЕЕ of the UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Air Ukraine announces that its ANNUAL DlSTRlCT СОММІТТЕЕ MEETlNG

will be held on

SATURDAY, APRlL 9,1994 at 1:00 PM Non-Stop Service at St. Michael's Ukrainian Orthodox Church Parish Hall 74 Harris Avenue, Woonsocket, R.l.

New York to Kyyiv Obligated to attend the annual meeting as voting members are District Committee Officers, Convention Delegates and two delegates from the following Branches: Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays 73,93,122,177,206,241

All UNA members are welcome as guests at the meeting. AGENDA: 1. Opening and acceptance of the Agenda 2. verification of quorum For reservations and information please call 3. Election of presidium 4. Minutes of preceding annual meeting 1(800)-UKRAlNE 5. Reports of District Committee Officers 6. Discussion on reports and their acceptance or 7. Election of District Committee Officers Call your Travel Agent 8. Address by UNA Supreme Advisor ALEXANDER CHUDOLU 9. Adoption of District activities program for the current year 10. Discussion and Resolutions 11. Adjournment AUA visa Service Meeting will be attended by: (212) 557-4044 WOK Guaranteed Alexander Chudolij, UNA Supreme Advisor DISTRICT COMMITTEE Leon Hardink, Chairman Theodor Klowan, Secretary English Helen Trinkler, Secretary Ukrainian Air Ukraine ' 551 5th Avenue. - Suite 1010 ' New York, N.Y. 10176 Janet Bardell, Treasurer