HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA Editor: Andrei Sourakov Assoc. Editor: Thomas C. Emmel

ASSOCIATION FOR TROPICAL VOLUME 12 NUMBER 1-2 August 2008 LEPIDOPTERA Founded 1989

ADVISORY COUNCIL LARVAL HOSTPLANTS James K. Adams (USA) Martin Krüger (South Africa) Andrés O. Angulo (Chile) Tosio Kumata (Japan) OF BUTTERFLIES IN NEVADA Yutaka Arita (Japan) Jean-Francois Landry (Canada) George T. Austin (USA) Torben B. Larsen (England) Jorge Llorente B. (Mexico) Vitor O. Becker, Planaltina, Brazil by Zsolt Bálint (Hungary) Martin Lödl (Austria) Henry S. Barlow (Malaysia) Wolfram Mey (Germany) George T. Austin Dubi Benyamini (Israel) Kauri Mikkola (Finland) Ronald Boender (USA) Scott E. Miller (USA) and Keith S. Brown Jr. (Brazil) Joël Minet (France) José A. Clavijo A. (Venezuela) Eugene G. Munroe (Canada) Patrick J. Leary Charles V. Covell Jr. (USA) K.-T. Park (South Korea) U. Dall’Asta (Belgium) Rod E. Parrott (Canada) Philip J. DeVries (USA) Amnuay Pinratana (Thailand) Julian P. Donahue (USA) Rimantas Puplesis (Lithuania) CONTENTS Eric Garraway (Jamaica) Jozef Razowski (Poland) Dale H. Habeck (USA) M. Alma Solis (USA) Introduction 1 NYMPHALIDAE 95 Christoph Häuser (Germany) Dieter Stüning (Germany) Methods 1 Libytheinae 95 Lowell N. Harris (USA) Gerhard Tarmann (Austria) Toshiya Hirowatari (Japan) Paul Thiaucourt (France) Larval Hostplants 2 Heliconiinae 96 Hiroshi Inoue (Japan) Jürgen H. R. Thiele (Germany) Hesperiidae 2 Nymphalinae 99 Daniel H. Janzen (USA) Antonio Vives M. (Spain) Kurt Johnson (USA) Hsiau-Yue Wang (Taiwan) Eudaminae 2 Limenitidinae 119 Roger L. Kitching (Australia) Per O. Wickman (Sweden) Pyrginae 2 George O. Krizek (USA) Allen M. Young (USA) Apaturinae 124 Hesperiinae 8 Satyrinae 124 Papilionidae 14 OFFICERS Danainae 126 President: Ulf Eitschberger, Germany Parnassiinae 14 DISCUSSIon 127 Vice-President: Thomas C. Emmel, USA Secretary/Treasurer: Peter Eliazar, USA Papilioninae 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 128 PIERIdae 22 LITERATURE CITED 128 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Pierinae 22 INDEX TO PLANTS 133 Manuel A. Balcázar L., Colima, Mexico Coliadinae 34 PLATES 135 Donald R. Davis, Washington, DC, USA Boyce A. Drummond, III, Florissant, CO, USA LYCAENIdae 39 Ulf Eitschberger, Marktleuthen, Germany Lycaeninae 39 Peter J. Eliazar, Gainesville, FL, USA Thomas C. Emmel, Gainesville, FL, USA Theclinae 42 John B. Heppner, Gainesville, FL, USA Gerardo Lamas, Lima, Peru Polyommatinae 58 Olaf H. H. Mielke, Curitiba, Brazil RIODINIDAE 91 Jon D. Turner, Ardmore, TN, USA (Executive Director)

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Send Manuscripts to: Dr. Andrei Sourakov, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 [email protected] and/or [email protected], fax: 352-392-0479, phone: 352-273-2013.

© 2008 Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. Home Page: http://www.troplep.org 01 August 2008 Figure 1. Map of Nevada showing counties and some additional localities. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 1

LARVAL HOSTPLANTS OF BUTTERFLIES IN NEVADA

George T. Austin¹ and Patrick J. Leary²

¹McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611 ²Department of Biology, Clark County Community College, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030

ABSTRACT. Larval hostplants of 169 species of butterflies (89% of the resident fauna) and many additional subspecies are reported for the state of Nevada. These encompass more than 3800 individual records including nearly 400 species of plants in 33 families. Although these are largely of plant taxa recorded elsewhere, more than 300 (40% of butterfly/plant combinations) are newly reported at the species-level taxonomy of both plant and butterfly, including 39 new generic records and seven new familial records for the butterfly in question. A large proportion of the newly reported associations are due to this investigation being conducted in a region with virtually no previous information.

Nevada, with its southern third largely within the Mojave Desert oviposition on a plant is not unequivocal evidence of feeding or and northern two-thirds imbedded within the Great Basin, is a larval survival (e.g., Kitching and Zalucki 1983). A number of region of low precipitation and large daily and seasonal ranges of species oviposit haphazardly or on objects in the vicinity of larval temperature (Grayson 1993). Its topography is characterized by hostplants (e.g., Wiklund 1984; Scott 1986b, 1992, 2006a) and broad valleys dissected by relatively narrow mountain ranges with apparent mistakes are known (e.g., Straatman 1962, Sevastopulo north-south orientations and often exceeding elevations of 3000m 1964, Dethier 1970, Chew 1977a, Berenbaum 1981, Feeny et al. (Plate 1A,C,G). Lower elevations are dominated by communities 1983, Larsson and Elkbom 1995). of xeric shrubs (Plate 1E,F, 2A,B). Slopes of mountain ranges Each subfamily of butterfly is briefly introduced to summarize are often covered by low stature woodland of piñon and juniper its larval hostplants as known in Nevada. The records of larval (Plate 1B, 2C), while higher elevations are often forested (Plate hostplants include the taxon of butterfly and plant, location, date, 2D). Riparian habitats exist in the immediate vicinity of montane type of record, and documentation (literature citation, deposition streams and near rivers, seeps, and marshes in the lowlands (Plate of voucher specimen, collector/observer; e.g., Shields et al. 1969). 1D,H, 2E,F,G,H). Biologically, Nevada is relatively poorly known, Some records are combined if the recorded details were the same. but an understanding of its fauna of butterflies has increased Plants are listed under each taxon of butterfly in alphabetical order dramatically since the 1960s (e.g., Emmel 1998). by family, genus, and species. Locations are alphabetical by One or more larval hostplants are known for nearly all species of county (see Fig. 1) and chronological (by year, month, and day) North American butterflies (e.g., Scott 1986a), yet regional usage, within each county. Plants indicated with an “i” are not native species-level breadth, and preferences are poorly known, especially to Nevada; these largely represent introductions from Eurasia. in the intermountain region of the western United States. A notable Athough a comprehensive literature review was not undertaken, exception is the southern Rocky Mountains (Scott 1986b, 1992, numerous associations apparently represent a record of a new 2006a). The first report of a larval hostplant unequivocally within species of plant for the species of butterfly. These, marked with an Nevada was that of “wild cherry” for Pterourus multicaudatus asterisk, were not recorded by Scott (1986a 1986b, 1992, 2006a) by Henry Edwards (1873), but subsequent records had been and a number of other authors (Emmel and Emmel 1974a; Shapiro very sparse. During studies of butterflies in that state from 1961 1974; Shields 1977; Shapiro et al. 1979; Austin and Austin 1980; through 2003 (but especially from 1977 onward), notes were made Shapiro et al. 1981; Ballmer and Pratt 1988; Bailowitz and Brock on the use by and association of butterflies with plants. These 1991; Lynch and Martin 1993; Scott 1994, 1998a, 2006b; Tyler observations and records from the literature are here combined as et al. 1994; Giuliani and Shields 1995, 1997; Davenport 1998, a summary of the known hostplants of those insects in Nevada. 2004; Emmel 1998; Pratt and Emmel 1998a, 1998b; Boyd et al. 1999; Nelson and Anderson 1999; Guppy and Shepard 2001; Pyle 2002; Robinson et al. 2002; Brock and Kaufman 2003; Graves METHODS and Shapiro 2003; Hammond and McCorkle 2003; Warren 2005; Scott et al. 2006). A double asterisk after the name of a plant Records for larval hostplants used by butterflies in Nevada signifies the use of an apparently new genus and one after the name were largely gathered opportunistically by the senior author of the family is a family of plant heretofore not reported for the while conducting other investigations. Certain species, however, species of butterfly. No attempt was made to delimit new varietal were often targeted in instances when likely larval hostplants or subspecific records of plants or new records for infraspecific could be determined with little effort. Associations by adults taxa in butterflies. are indicative, but not definitive proof, that a particular plant is Abbreviations for institutions and people are as follows: BB used as a larval hostplant. These were recorded as such when (Bruce Boyd), GTA (George T. Austin, collection numbers were adults were closely associated with a particular plant and no other intitated in 1983; prior to 1983 specimens were given to the herbaria potential larval hostplant was encountered in the vicinity. Records at NSMCC and UNLV for determination), NSM (Nevada State of oviposition largely involved the chance encounter of a female Museum and Historical Society, Las Vegas), NSMCC (Nevada exhibiting preoviposition behavior or actually ovipositing. Only State Museum, Carson City), and UNLV (University of Nevada, oviposition or larval use were considered documentary in instances Las Vegas). Other abbreviations are assoc. (association), CA of co-occurrence of more than one potential hostplant, yet even 2 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(state of California), cf (confer), Co. (County), coll. (collection), LARVAL HOSTPLANTS em. (emerged), I (Interstate highway), mi. (mile or miles), Mt. or Mts. (Mountain or Mountains), nr. (near), Nv (state highway), HESPERIIDAE NV (state of Nevada), NWR (National Wildlife Refuge), ovip. (oviposition), PST (Pacific Standard Time), rd. or Rd. (road), sp. Skippers are represented by 48 species in Nevada of which eight (singular species), spp. (plural species), US (federal highway), UT are probable strays. Of the resident species, at least one larval (state of Utah), WMA (Wildlife Management Area), and × (times). hostplant is known or suspected for 30. These include a variety of Compass directions are abbreviated as N (north), S (south), E dicotyledonous plants for eudamines and pyrgines, and monocots (east), W (west), and combinations of these four. Months are for hesperiines. abbreviated with their first three letters. Plants collected by GTA and BB were identified largely by Wesley E. Niles (UNLV), Ann EUDAMINAE Pinzl (NSMCC), David A. Charlet (Clark County Community College), and the authors. Records from the literature are taken Larval hostplants are known for two of the three species at face value, except in a few noted instances, especially to update of Eudaminae known to occur in Nevada. These include three the current taxonomy (or nomenclature) of the insect or plant. species of plants (3 butterfly/plant combinations), all in the family A butterfly/plant combination is one species-level taxon of Fabaceae. One is newly reported here. butterfly using one species-level taxon of plant. Species-level nomenclature for butterflies follows that used by Austin (1998a) Epargyreus clarus profugus Austin, 1998 modified to some extent after subsequent authors (e.g., Opler and FABACEAE Warren 2002; Warren 2005, 2006; Pelham 2008); that for plants Robinia neomexicana A.Gray largely follows Hickman (1993) except also Kartesz and Kartesz NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 10 May (1980) and Welsh et al. (1987) for plants not treated by Hickman 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA; Austin 1998c) (1993); authors of names for plants are abbreviated following NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun Brummit and Powell (1992, see also www.ipni.org). In some 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #336) instances, synonymies are given in brackets for more widely used NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam Wash State Park, 28 nomenclature, especially in the literature on Lepidoptera (but it May 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1697) should be noted that some of these combinations are again current NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam Wash State Park, 11 in the botanical literature). Molecular and other investigations Jun 2002 (3rd-4th instar larvae in nests of two have indicated that many “traditional” concepts of the phylogeny leaves silked together) (no plant coll., GTA, cf of plants require sometimes seemingly radical reevaluation (e.g., GTA #1697) Chase et al. 1993; Olmstead et al. 1993, 2001; Angiosperm NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam Wash State Park, 21 Phylogeny Group 1998, 2003; Doyle 1998; Judd et al. 1999; Grass Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Phylogeny Working Group 2001, Haston et al. 2007, see also GTA #1697) Dahlgren 1980, Thorne 1992). These ongoing taxonomic revisions so derived are as yet not established within the literature on local Thorybes mexicana nevada Scudder, 1872 floras and may appear foreign to those not familiar with the latest FABACEAE botanical taxonomic developments. Pertinent to this investigation, Trifolium longipes Nutt. it will be noted that Chenopodiaceae has been enveloped NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek within Amaranthaceae, Asclepiadaceae within Apocynaceae, Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 17 May 1982 (adult and Capparaceae within Brassicaceae (e.g., see Angiosperm assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Phylogeny Group 2003). The concept of Scrophulariaceae has NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv. 431, Tahoe seen a striking reassessment (e.g., Olmstead et al. 2001). Thus, Meadows, 21 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, as applicable here, Castilleja and Pedicularis are now placed in GTA) Orobanchaceae, Penstemon, Keckiella, and Collinsia are embraced NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, 2.0 mi. E of Mt. by Plantaginaceae, and Mimulus is within Phrymaceae. Rose Summit, 30 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Most voucher specimens of plants are deposited at NSM, but GTA #1449) others are at NSMCC or UNLV. Voucher specimens of plants Thorybes mexicana blanca Scott, 1981 with which butterflies associate ideally should be preserved Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.* (Fig. 25) as an integral part of the collection of these insects even within NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, museums that maintain an herbarium. This allows both plant and junction of Jackass Creek Rd., 3 Jun 1981 (adult insect to be readily reevaluated by subsequent researchers and, assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) more importantly, insures that the specimen of plant is actually preserved. Examples of plants collected by entomologists are PYRGINAE frequently immature, partial, or otherwise deemed inappropriate (e.g., many specimens of ubiquitous species from a well-collected Larval hostplants have been determined for 17 of the 18 region) as a specimen for an herbarium. As such, there are risks that species of pyrgines resident in Nevada including 28 species of important vouchers may be discarded. Vouchers of butterflies are plants (41 butterfly/plant combinations) in 10 families (especially mostly at NSM, NSMCC, or the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera Amaranthaceae, Fagaceae, and Malvaceae). Of these, 14 are newly and Biodiversity, Gainesville, Florida. reported for the species of butterfly concerned including three new AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 3 at the generic and familial levels: Erynnis persius on Aquilegia junction with Nv 447, 8 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (Ranunculaceae), Erynnis sp. on Mertensia (Boraginaceae), and (no plant coll., GTA) Pyrgus communis on Potentilla (Rosaceae). Eggs were nearly NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 0.2 mi. E of always placed on leaves of larval hostplants, mostly on the lower Washoe Co. line, 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no surface, with over 70% of the recorded ovipositions in the morning plant coll., GTA) (largely before 11:00 PST). NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 7.8 mi. E of Washoe Co. line, 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no Pholisora catullus (Fabricius, 1793) plant coll., GTA) AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus powellii S.Watson Hesperopsis alpheus oricus (W. H. Edwards, 1879) NV: Carson City; Carriage Crest Drive, 8 Sep 1984 AMARANTHACEAE (ovip. on upper surface of lower leaf, 13:30 PST) Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Plate 3D) (NSM, GTA #1192) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 7.5 mi. N of Goodsprings, 30 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (Langston Hesperopsis libya libya (Scudder, 1878) 1979, butterfly originally reported asHesperopsis AMARANTHACEAE gracielae) Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Plate 3D) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 9.2 mi. W NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, of US 95, 13 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, California Wash, 4 May 1977 (and many GTA) subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. S of Red Spring, GTA, BB, cf GTA #1571) 29 Apr 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 15 Sep NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1.1 mi. S of Pahrump Rd., 20 Apr 1980 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 8 Aug assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, junction of Nv 376 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep and Jett Canyon Rd., 6 May 1980 (adult assoc.) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSNCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 1 mi. N of Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. ssp. linearis (S.Watson) Farrier, 3 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., H.M.Hall & Clem. GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek Rd., 10 mi. NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Indian Springs, 4 Jun 1992 W of US 95, 14 Apr 1981 (ovip. on lower surface (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of upper leaf, 14:45 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 20 May NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek Rd., 10 mi. 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) W of US 95, 4 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Sep plant coll., GTA) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1983 Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill, 1970) (close adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #357) AMARANTHACEAE Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Watson ssp. lentiformis Hesperopsis libya lena (W. H. Edwards, 1882) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, several dates (adult AMARANTHACEAE assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frém.) S.Watson NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 17 NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Triple T Ranch, 9 Apr 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1071) assoc.) (no plant coll., BB, GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 34, 7.7 mi. N of Nv 447, 8 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1661) 4 May 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Watson ssp. torreyi (S.Watson) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) H.M.Hall & Clem.* [Atriplex torreyi (S. NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 15 Jun Watson) S.Watson] 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., 10.0 mi. N of (no plant coll., GTA) Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton, 6 Jun 1999 GTA) (larva) (fide J. Brock) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., 27.1 mi. N of NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 22 Jun Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1547) #1667) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1-2 mi. W of NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd.., 32.7 mi. N Logandale, 4 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA of Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant #1783) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 11.8 mi. N of NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 9.2 mi. E of Nv 168, 17 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 4 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Whitney Ranch Rd., 1.5 mi. W of Whitney Pass, 15 Apr 1981 (adult assoc.) Erynnis icelus (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) (no plant coll., GTA) SALICACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) 30 Mar 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Spring, 7 Apr 1987 Campground, 7 Jul 1978 (female fluttering among (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) leaves of young tree, no oviposition noted) (no NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 5 Apr plant coll., GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1463) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Range, Lye Creek NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lost Creek Canyon, 7 Campground, 27 Jun 1987 (apparent female Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) investigating leaves of seedling) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 9 GTA) Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 28 May Erynnis brizo burgessi (Skinner, 1914) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) FAGACEAE Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fig. 2) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 30 Mar 1966 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Apr 1977 (ovip. on leaf buds) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Campground, 31 May 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 8 May 1978 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 1 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., seep between Willow and Cold creeks, 1 May 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine Canyon, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 6.4 mi. N of Figure 2. Quercus gambelii. Elgin, 17 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 4.2 mi. N of Grapevine Canyon, 18 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine Erynnis telemachus Burns, 1960 Canyon, 18 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., FAGACEAE GTA) Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fig. 2) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 28 May NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 25 Apr 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Quercus turbinella Greene (Plate 3B) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 10 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1978 (ovip. at base of leaf) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 5 Apr 1980) 1988 (adult assoc., no indication of assoc. with NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Oak Creek Canyon, 11 Quercus turbinella Greene) (no plant coll., May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 11 Apr NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lost Creek, 13 Apr 1981 #310) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 5

Canyon, 18 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 9 GTA) Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Oak Creek Canyon, 11 Canyon, 12 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) GTA, cf GTA #310) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., First Creek Canyon, 16 NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) Canyon, 23 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Oak Creek Canyon, 13 GTA, cf GTA #310) Aug 2003 (ovip.) (NSM, BB #182) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Highland Spring, NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., 1.5 mi. E of Riggs 23 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Spring, 13 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson GTA) Canyon, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #310) Erynnis pacuvius lilius (Dyar, 1904) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine RHAMNACEAE Canyon, 5 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, 2.3 mi. S of Snow Valley Peak Rd., 30 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Erynnis propertius (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) plant coll., GTA) FAGACEAE NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg Washoe Co. line, 1 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley plant coll., GTA) North ski area, 6 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, GTA) 4.1 mi. W of Nv 206, 28 May 1982 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, (no plant coll., GTA) 19 May 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (ovip. on young Erynnis meridianus meridianus Bell, 1927 leaf, 09:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1227) FAGACEAE NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis Quercus gambelii Nutt.* (Fig 2) Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Apr coll., GTA) 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E (no plant coll., GTA) of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc. on hilltop) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 17 Jun 1977 plant coll., GTA) (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 5.0 mi. E plant coll., GTA) of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc. on hilltop) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon plant coll., GTA) Campground, 17 Jun 1977 (and several subsequent NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Nv 28, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc. on hilltop) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 17 plant coll., GTA) Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) 22 Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) FABACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 13 Apr Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene* 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 0.7 mi. E of NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine Christmas Tree Pass, 26 Mar 2001 (ovip. on leaf, Canyon, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA [unnumbered]) GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Kershaw Ryan State Park, 12 May Erynnis persius (Scudder, 1863) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) FABACEAE NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 4.2 mi. N of Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl.* Grapevine Canyon, 18 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 0.2 mi. E of Jacks plant coll., GTA) Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Quercus turbinella Greene* (Plate 3B) GTA #1559) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Elko Co.; Nv 789, 3.8 mi. W of Midas junction, 22 Apr 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 23 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1806) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. E of Red Spring, Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) 20 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lost Creek, 13 Apr 1981 Angel Lake, 5 Jul 1980 (ovip. on middle of main (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) stem, 09:50 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) 6 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, were no longer available. The only other species of 6600-7200’, 30 Jun 1968 (larva, lst instar in tent Erynnis known from this location is E. icelus. on leaf) (fide J. F. Emmel) There are apparently no other records of Pyrginae NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., using Boraginaceae as a larval hostplant. 16.8 mi. E of Nv 376, 18 Jun 1981 (ovip. on stem, 09:00 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) Pyrgus ruralis ruralis (Boisduval, 1852) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 19 May ROSACEAE 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:30 PST) Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. ssp. nevadensis (S.Watson) Keck (NSM, GTA #1261) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of RANUNCULACEAE* Washoe Co. line, 25 May 1984 (adult assoc.) Aquilegia formosa Fisch.** (NSM, GTA #900) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 17 Jun 1981 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 10:35 Pyrgus scriptura apertorum Austin, 1998 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) MALVACEAE Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. [Sida leprosa (Ortega) Erynnis sp. Schumann var. hederacea (Hook.) Schumann] (Fig. 3) BORAGINACEAE* NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Sep Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. nevadensis (Nelson) 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1785) L.O.Williams** NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse leaf, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #994) Crossing Campground, 16 Jun 2003 (larva in Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray (Plate 4C) folded leaf) (NSM, GTA #1864; cf also GTA NV: Clark Co.; Indian Springs, US 95, 10 Jun 1983 #1870), this larva, almost certainly an Erynnis (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 13:15 PST) (closely resembling photographs of larval Erynnis (NSM, GTA #397) persius), fed for several days until fresh leaves NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Nv 160, 3.0 mi. W of Blue Diamond Rd., 2 Sep 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 08:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1151) Sphaeralcea emoryi Torr.* NV: Clark Co.; Indian Springs, US 95, 10 Jun 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 13:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #397a)

Pyrgus communis (Grote, 1872) MALVACEAE Alcea rosea L. (i) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pioche, 12 Jul 2002 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 09:55 PST) (no plant coll. GTA) Malva neglecta Wallr. (i) NV: Churchill Co.; US 95, 11 mi. S of US 50 at Fallon, 23 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1101) NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1184) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve Creek, 14 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1731) Sidalcea candida A.Gray* NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek Campground, 28 Jul 1983 (ovip. on upper surface of lower leaf, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #524) Sidalcea neomexicana A.Gray NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Cherry Creek, 2.5 mi. S of Currie, 27 Jul 1983 (ovip.) (NSM, GTA #522) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 3.0 mi. E of Figure 3. Malvella leprosa. Carroll Summit, 16 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #479) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 7

NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, US 93, Geysers NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 23 Aug Ranch, 4 Sep 1983 (ovip., 08:30 PST) (NSM, GTA 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 11:05 PST) #656) (NSM, GTA #575) Sidalcea oregana (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray ssp. oregana (Fig. 37) ROSACEAE* NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.8 mi. E Potentilla sp.** of Nv 226, 5 Jun 1987 (ovip. on upper leaf surface, NV: Lander Co.; Nv 722, 4 mi. NE of Reese River, 10:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #1428) 12 Jul 1969 (attempted ovip.) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.7 mi. E of Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Pyrgus albescens Plötz, 1884 GTA #1606) MALVACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 2.5 mi. S of Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. [Sida leprosa (Ortega) Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Schumann var. hederacea (Hook.) Schumann] (Fig. 3) #1598) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 0.7 mi. S of lower surface of leaf, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant #994) coll., GTA, cf GTA #1598) Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray var. ambigua (Plate 4C) Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray var. ambigua (Plate 4C) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 22 Apr 1978 (ovip. on lower Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf, 14:15 surface of lower leaf, 12:30 PST) (Austin and PST) (NSM, GTA #1066) Austin 1980) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 20 Jul Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (larva on leaf) (NSM, 2002 (ovip., 08:30 PST) (NSM, BB #46) GTA #1066) Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G.Don NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 4.0 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1-2 mi. W of Oak Springs Summit, 23 Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper Logandale, 4 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA surface of leaf near edge, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1782) #1209) Sphaeralcea emoryi Torr.* NV: Lincoln Co.; rd. to Crestline, 5.7 mi. S of Nv NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 4 Nov 1984 (ovip. on 319, 19 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA lower surface of lower leaf, 11:25 PST) (NSM, #1674) GTA #1212) NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 5.0 mi. Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.* W of US 95, 17 Apr 1983 (ovip. on lower leaf, NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 3.9 mi. 10:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #11) E of Nv 160, 3 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River GTA #80) Campground, 15 Jul 2001 (mature larva in folded leaf) (NSM, GTA #1588) Heliopetes ericetorum (Boisduval, 1852) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River MALVACEAE Campground, 15 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray (Plate 4C) of leaf near ground, 15:25 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Wash, 8.9 mi. W #1589) of Nv 160, 22 Jun 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Pleasant Valley Rd., 1980) 1.4 mi. W of UT state line, 28 May 2003 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jul assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1824) 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1036) Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray var. rugosa Kearney (Plate 4C) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 1.0 mi. N of Clark Co. line, NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 8 Sep 14 May 1978 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 09:45 2003 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 11:10 PST) PST) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1966) NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts.; canyon 5.1 mi. N of Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.* Carp-Elgin Rd., summit 7.0 mi. W of Carp-Elgin NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun Rd., 5 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #353) 1984 (ovip. on stem near ground at leaf base, 12:30 Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb. PST) (NSM, GTA #1036) NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, Sheldon Antelope 4.7 mi. W of Nv 338, 28 Jun 1980 (ovip., 09:30 Range, 1.3 mi. E of Dufurrena Ranch, 24 Jul 1987 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 14:00 PST) (NSM, Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb. var. pedata GTA #1460) (Torr.) Kearney Sphaeralcea munroana (Douglas) Spach NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1 mi. W of Willow NV: Elko Co.; Nv 225, junction of North Fork Rd., Creek, 25 May 1978 (ovip. on lower surface of 22 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1625) leaf, 12:15 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) Sphaeralcea parvifolia A.Nelson NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wheeler Pass, 9 Jun 8 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

1983 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:20 PST) Summit, 1 Oct 1977 (old larval excavations, adult (NSM, GTA #361) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sphaeralcea parvifolia A.Nelson* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1 mi. W of Mt. Springs NV: Esmeralda Co.; Indian Creek, 1.0 mi. W of Nv Summit, 28 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 264, 18 Jun 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of lower GTA) leaf, 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #433) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., 0.8 mi. W of Whitney Pass, 14 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., HESPERIINAE GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Sandy Valley Rd., 3.9 mi. S of Nv Many hesperiines oviposit on plants or other objects near or at 161, 30 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., some distance from larval hostplants (e.g., Scott 1992) making GTA) determinations of these particularly difficult without locating larvae NV: Lincoln Co.; Little Mormon Range, 24 km N of except through the tedious exemplar conducted by Scott (1992). I-15 (2 reared to adult in 1975) (Roever, 1998) Records of oviposition, however, may reflect actual usage by larvae or provide clues into the egg-laying behavior of the various Megathymus coloradensis maudae D. Stallings, Turner & V. species. Obvious utilizations are apparent for some species either Stallings, 1966 by their near ubiqutious association with certain plants or their AGAVACEAE occurrence in places where no other potential larval hostplant is Yucca sp. (“somewhat resembling Yucca glauca”) present. The records for Nevada are for 11 of the 19 species known NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. (eggs on leaves) to be resident in the state and include 23 species (27 butterfly/plant (Comstock and Dammers 1934) combinations) of monocots in the families Agavaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and possibly Juncaceae (Juncaceae is not known to be eaten by any butterfly, but may serve only as an ovipositional substrate; see Scott 1992, but see Laplante 1985). Some are of at least genera previously documented in the literature as larval hostplants and potentially include nine new hostplant records (with the caveats already mentioned) for the species of butterfly concerned. Of these, seven are previously unreported genera for the species of butterfly (Hesperia uncas on Sporobolus and Elymus; Hesperia juba on Carex; Polites sabuleti on Elymus, Leymus, and Schoenus; and Ochlyodes yuma on Leymus) including two new familial records (Cyperaceae for Hesperia juba and Polites sabuleti); this family, however, is known to be used by other species of Hesperia (Scott 1992). Eggs were placed mostly on stems and leaves of grasses, often near the ground, with the vast majority (81%) of ovipositions taking place in the morning.

Agathymus alliae paiute Roever, 1998 AGAVACEAE Agave utahensis Engelm. var. nevadensis Engelm. (Fig. 4) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts, 1 mi. W of Mt. Springs Summit, several dates (larval tubes) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Range, Peek-a-boo Canyon, 2 Sep 1961 (pupae reared to adult) (Roever 1998) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1.6 km W of Mountain Springs Pass (42 reared to adult in 1963, 1965, 1975) (Roever 1998) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Boy Scout Rd., ca. 1 km SE of Mountain Springs Pass (14 reared to adult in 1963) (Roever 1998) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Mt. Springs Pass to 1 mi. below, 1 Sep 1963 (26 larvae) (fide O. Shields) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Range, northern part, 1 Sep 1963 (30 larvae) (fide O. Shields) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., 39 km SE of Riverside Figure 4. Agave utahensis. (7 reared to adult in 1975) (Roever, 1998) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts, 1 mi. W of Mt. Springs AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 9

Yucca baccata Torr. Summit, 29 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Mt. Springs Pass, 1 Sep GTA) 1963 (2 larvae) (fide O. Shields) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Upper Pahranagat Lake, 5.6 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 30 Sep 1968 (larvae) mi. S of Alamo, 22 Apr 1982 (adult assoc.) (no (Thorne 1969) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock, 25-27 Mar NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., powerline rd., 4.5 1975 (pupae) (fide R. Wells) NE of Carp-Elgin Rd., 31 Mar 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., (no plant coll., GTA). 1.8 mi. E of Lovell Wash, 28 Apr 1977 (adult Yucca schidigera Ortgies (Plate 2A, 12E) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 14 mi. W NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Canyon area, of US 95, 17 Apr 1966 (adult assoc.) (no plant Willow Spring, 29 Mar 1978 (adult assoc.) (no coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Searchlight, 17 Mar 1969 (larvae) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1 mi. W of Willow (fide D. Bauer) Creek, 8 May 1978 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; 1 mi. N of Cottonwood Pass, 25 Mar 1980) 1975 (4 pupae) (fide J. Brock) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. E of Mt. Springs NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock, near Calico Hills, 25-27 Summit, 13 May 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Mar 1975 (many pupae) (fide J. Brock, R. Wells) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; US 93, ca. 8 mi. N of I-15, 20 Apr NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock area, West 1975 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Charleston Blvd., 1 mi. E of Pine Creek Rd., 12 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 17.1 mi. Nov 1984 (1 tent with larva, 8 old tents) (no plant W of US 95, 26 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Pass, 24 Feb NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass, 29 Mar 1978 1988 (larva reared to adult, em. 28 Mar 1988) (fide (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) P. Savage) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. S of Red Cloud NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 6 Apr 1988 Mine, 5 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 4 May NV: Clark Co.; Charleston Blvd. nr. Red Rock, 25 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Nov 1978 (3 larvae in feeding tents) (fide D. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Mountain Rd., Mullins) 4.6 mi. W of Nv 160, 11 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass Rd., 0.6 mi. S of (no plant coll., GTA) Nv 160, 11 Mar 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Spring, 11 Apr GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., Riggs Spring Rd., 25 Mar 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 0.2 mi. N of Kane Springs Wash Rd., 13 May 1980 NV: Clark Co.; Mormon Well Rd., 12.3 mi. W of US (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 93, 16 Apr 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 6.2 mi. S of GTA) Elgin, 23 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, 5.7 mi. E of Corn GTA) Creek, Fossil Ridge, 8 Apr 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lincoln Co.; Tempiute Rd., 5.0 mi. N of Nv 375, plant coll., GTA) 26 Apr 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 29 Mar NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 6.5 mi. 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) W of US 95, 23 Apr 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area, West Charleston coll., GTA) Blvd, 5 mi. W of Rainbow Blvd., 12 Nov 1984 NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 6.4 mi. (one old tent) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) W of US 95, 17 Apr 1983 (female hovering around NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area, West Charleston plant) (no plant coll., GTA) Blvd., 1 mi. E of Red Spring, 12 Nov 1984 (one Yucca brevifolia Engelm. (Plate 2A) old tent) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area; West Charleston NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area, West Charleston Blvd., 1 mi. E of Red Spring, 12 Nov 1984 (1 old Blvd, 1 mi. E of Pine Creek Rd., 12 Nov 1984 (4 tent) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) old tents) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area, West Charleston NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. S of Red Cloud Blvd., 1 mi. E of Pine Creek Rd., 12 Nov 1984 (1 Mine, 28 Mar 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., old tent) (no plant coll., GTA, D. Mullins) GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; 3 mi. SE of Lida, 2 Jul 1967 NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Empire Wash past Loran (larvae) (fide F. Thorne, Thorne 1969) Station, 4.7 mi. E of US 95, 7 Mar 2003 (old tent) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Goldfield (no plant coll., GTA) 10 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 1.4 Hylephila phyleus muertovalle Scott, 1981 mi. W of US 95, 25 Mar 2003 (adult assoc.) (no POACEAE plant coll., GTA) Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (i) (Fig. 5) NV: Clark Co.; rd. east of Crystal Pass, 3.3 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 30 Jun Nv 161, 10 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1966 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 7 May 1972 NV: Clark Co.; powerline rd., 3.7 mi. S of Arden, 10 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 7 Jun 1977 Megathymus coloradensis browni D. Stallings & (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) Turner, 1960 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 18 Aug AGAVACEAE 1987 (and several additional dates) (adult assoc.) Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. var. utahensis (McKelvey) (no plant coll., GTA) Reveal [Yucca angustissima Engelm.] NV: Clark Co.; Henderson, McBride Way, 15 Jun NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 3.8 mi. N of Panaca 2004 (ovip.) (no plant coll., BB) junction, 24 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on GTA) stem near ground, 09:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #996) NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 9.3 mi. E of Panaca junction, 19 Aug 2001 (old larval tents) (no plant Pseudocopaeodes eunus flavus Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 coll., GTA) POACEAE NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 10.2 Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) mi. E of US 93, 28 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Churchill Co.; US 50 at Wildes Rd., E of Fallon, plant coll., GTA) 30 Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 2.5 mi. NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater NWR, Loop Rd., 30 E of US 93, 8 Sep 2003 (larval tent) (NSM, GTA Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) #1963) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Miller Lane at US Yucca harrimaniae Trel. var. harrimaniae 95A, 16 Jun 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; 5 mi. N of Panaca, 6 Feb 1971 (2 larvae, em. 4 Mar 1971, 10 Mar 1971) (fide D. Bauer) NV: Lincoln Co.; nr. Ursine off Nv 322, Mar 1990 (pupae to adults, emerged 4-5 Mar 1990) (fide T. Kral)

Copaeodes aurantiaca (Hewitson, 1868) POACEAE Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (i) (Fig. 5) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 28 Sep 1973 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 18 Aug 1987 (and several additional dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA)

Lerodea eufala eufala (W. H. Edwards, 1869) POACEAE Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, E side between Logandale and Overton, 28 Aug 2003 (ovip. on upper side of lower leaf near base, 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1961) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on lower stem, 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #995) Figure 5. Cynodon dactylon. Zea mays L. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Overton (2m1f in National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, labeled “reared from Zea mays”, R. G. Bectel) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 11

GTA) Creek, 30 May 2002 (ovip. on stem of two plants NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, within 10 cm, 12:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1706) 26 Jun 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Poa sp. NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Jackass Creek, Pseudocopaeodes eunus alinea Scott, 1981 0.5-2 mi. SW of Desert Creek, 23 May 1984 (ovip. POACEAE on mid-stem, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #877) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) Poa bulbosa L.* (i) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 16 Sep 1983 (ovip. on NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 14 lower stem near ground, 09:50 PST) (NSM, GTA May 1986 (ovip. at base of stem near ground, #722) young plant, 10:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1266) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak Psuedocopaeodes eunus obscurus Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 Rd., 8700’, 8 Jun 1985 (ovip. on lower surface of POACEAE leaf near ground, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1215a) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) Poa cusickii Vasey* NV: Carson City; Eagle Valley, Lompa Lane at NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak Airport Rd., 13 Jun 1986 (ovip. on middle of upper Rd., 8700’, 8 Jun 1985 (ovip. on lower surface of surface of leaf, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1288) leaf near ground, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1215b) NV: Washoe Co.; Roadrunner Rd. off Winnemucca Poa pratensis L. (i) Ranch Rd., 23 Jun 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek coll., GTA) Canyon, 4.6 mi. W of US 395, 15 May 1986 (ovip. on outer [lower] side of leaf, 11:10 PST) (NSM, Hesperia uncas grandiosa Austin & McGuire, 1998 GTA #1269) JUNCACEAE Poa secunda J.S.Presl. ssp. juncifolia (Scribn.) R. Soreng. [Poa Juncus mexicanus Willd.* (see note above) nevadensis Scribn.] (Plate 12F) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at Mine Rd., 1.5 mi. E of Nv 376, 9 Jul 1984 (ovip. Reese River, 3 Jun 1984 (ovip. on leaf blade near on upper surface of leaf of unidentified dicot ground, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #970) adjacent to several Juncus, no other monocots in Poa secunda J.S.Presl. ssp. secunda [Poa sandbergii Vasey] area, 11:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1074) (Plate 12F) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek Hesperia uncas reeseorum Austin & McGuire, 1998 Canyon, 4.6 mi. W of US 395, 15 May 1986 POACEAE (landed on ground, walked to grass, ovip. near Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.** ground on outer [lower] side of leaf, 10:45 PST) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722, 4 mi. (NSM, GTA #1268) E of Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon surface, 13:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1058) Rd., 6.9 mi. N of Nv 81, 29 May 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf, 14:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #917) Hesperia uncas macswaini MacNeill, 1964 NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat and past Poodle POACEAE Mt., 0.7 mi. S of Nv 447, 20 May 2003 (ovip. on Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey [Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) lower part of plant, 15:40 PST) (NSM, GTA J.G.Smith]** #1799) NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 21.5 mi. W of Denio Junction, 31 May 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf, 11:30 Polites sabuleti sabuleti (Boisduval, 1852) PST) (NSM, GTA #947) POACEAE Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) Hesperia juba (Scudder, 1874) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50 at Wildes Rd., E of Fallon, CYPERACEAE* 23 Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Carex douglasii Boott** NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater NWR, Loop Rd., 23 NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Rickey Mine area, Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) N base of East Sister, 24 May 1984 (ovip. 3× 1/2 NV: Churchill Co.; US 95, 11 mi. S of US 50 at way up leaf, 10:30, 10:35, 11:10 PST, female flies Fallon, 23 Aug 1984 (ovip. on mid-stem 10:00 slowly near ground apparently searching for proper PST, 10:20 PST after hovering above plant) (NSM, Figure 5. Cynodon dactylon. substrate) (NSM, GTA #893) GTA #1102) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Miller Lane, 3.3 mi. E Creek, 12 Jun 2002 (ovip. at base of stem nearly on of US 95A, 23 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant ground, 13:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1715) coll., GTA) POACEAE Poa sp. (plant too immature for identification) Polites sabuleti genoa (Plötz, 1883) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East POACEAE 12 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) Ochlodes yuma yuma (W. H. Edwards, 1873) NV: Carson City; Lompa Lane at Airport Rd., 2 Jul POACEAE 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Fig. 6) NV: Carson City; Lompa Lane at Airport Rd., 9 Sep NV: Clark Co. (adult assoc. nearly everywhere insect 1984 (ovip. on stem of dried plant near ground, found) (Austin and Austin 1980) 08:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1193) NV: Clark Co.; Tule Springs, 4 Jul 1962 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; Roadrunner Rd. off Winnemucca assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ranch Rd., 23 Jun 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 12 Jun coll., GTA) 1966 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 7 Jun Polites sabuleti tecumseh (F. Grinnell, 1903) 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) CYPERACEAE* NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, Schoenus nigricans L.** 27 Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 4 Jul 30 Jun 1987 (ovip. 2× on lower stems, 10:05) 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1451) (no plant coll., GTA, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Whitney Mesa at Polites sabuleti chusca (W. H. Edwards, 1873) Sunset Rd., 12 Oct 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant POACEAE coll., GTA) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 27 NV: Clark Co.; Mesquite, 8 Aug 1974 (adult assoc.) Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (Scott 1986b, 1992) NV: Clark Co.; Paradise Valley, off Eastern Avenue, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Mountain Springs 9 Jun 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Summit vicinity, 27 Aug 2002 (ovip.) (NSM, BB NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Whitney Mesa at #77) Sunset Rd., 9 Jun 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Polites sabuleti nigrescens Austin, 1987 NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 26 Jun POACEAE 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Plate 12D) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 23 NV: Eureka Co.; US 50, 7.5 mi. W of Nv 278, 28 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of dead leaf NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep adjacent to live plant, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) #1137) NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 17 Aug Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G.Smith) Gould ssp. lanceolatus 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) [Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Vasey]** NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1-2 mi. W of NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul Logandale, 4 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf blade near coll., GTA) ground 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1079) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, Muddy NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul River at bridge, 28 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf 1/2 way up, plant coll., GTA) 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1079) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 15.3 mi. S of Caliente, 16 Sep 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant Polites sabuleti basinensis Austin, 1988 coll., GTA) POACEAE NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Caliente, 14 Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.** Oct 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.5 mi. NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, Pahranagat E of Reese River, 26 Aug 1984 (ovip. 2× on lower NWR headquarters, 17 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no surface of leaf near ground, 08:45 PST) (NSM, plant coll., GTA) GTA #1122) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, Key Pittman WMA, 12 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ochlodes sylvanoides omnigena Austin, 1998 GTA) POACEAE NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, Hiko Junction, Phalaris arundinacea L. 23 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 2.4 mi. N of 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1616) Farrier, 3 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll.) Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.1 mi. S of Beatty, 8 Sep 1981 NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. E of Nv 386, 20 Jul 2001 (adult NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.2 mi. N of Beatty, 17 Sep assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1610) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 13

1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 0.8 mi. S of Beatty, 4 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.3 mi. N of Beatty, 4 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Beatty, behind casino N of town, 1 Aug 2003 (2 larvae) (fide J. Brock)

Ochlodes yuma lutea Austin, 1998 POACEAE Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.** NV: Washoe Co.; Smoke Creek Desert, Smoke Creek Rd., 1.4 miles south of Smoke Creek, 10 Aug 2002 (possible adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1974), populations of O. yuma occur in the Smoke Creek Desert far from populations of Phragmites; the only broad-leaved grass at this particular site is this species of Leymus. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Fig. 6) NV: Eureka Co.; Humboldt River, Dunphy, 26 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River Valley, Stonehouse, 22 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Kings River Valley, Kings River, 23 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon NWR, Nv 140, 0.9 mi. W of Dufurrena Ranch Rd., 28 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle Mountain, 11 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Bowman Creek, 12 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA; Austin 1998c) NV: Lander Co.; Grass Valley, Grass Valley Ranch, 13 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Walker River, Nv 208, 0.4 mi. W of Mason cutoff, 14 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Duckwater, 11 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 81, 0.3 mi. W of Crutcher Canyon Rd., 20 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, Preston Figure 6. Phragmites australis. Big Spring, 10 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Nv 893, Cleveland Ranch, 14 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 14 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

PAPILIONIDAE Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr.* (Plate 10C) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 2 Jun 1973 Papilionids are represented by eleven species in Nevada; two (3rd, 5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) of these are strays and probably do not breed in the state. Larval NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahroc Range, US 93 at Pahroc hostplants have been partially determined for all except one of the Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then 1.0 mi. resident species and include a variety of dicotyledonous plants in N, 27 May 1988 (early instar larva) (fide B. eight families. Griffin) Lomatium scabrum (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Mathias* PARNASSIINAE NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 1 The larval hostplant has been determined for one of the Jun 1975 (1st- 3rd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) two species of parnassiines in Nevada. This, based largely on NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., association with the only potential hostplant in the state, is of a then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 28 Apr species previously reported in the Crassulaceae. 1985 (4th instar larva) (fide B. Griffin) RUTACEAE Parnassius smintheus sayii W. H. Edwards, 1863 Thamnosma montana Torr. & Frém. (Plate 10B) CRASSULACEAE NV: Clark Co.; SE end of Muddy Mts., Rogers Sedum lanceolatum Torr. [often misidentified asSedum Spring, May 1972 (ova, larvae) (fide B. Griffin) stenopetalum Pursh] (Plate 6E) NV: Clark Co.; E side of Mormon Range, ca. 2-3.5 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., slope 0.5 mi. S of rd. mi. N of I-15 frontage rd., 23 Mar 1975 (ova- Bonanza Gulch, 8200’, 22 Jul 1969 (ovip. on soil 2nd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) nearby, 14:30 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) NV: Clark Co.; E side of Mormon Range, ca. 2-3.5 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., slope 0.5 mi. S of rd. mi. N of I-15 frontage rd., 20 Apr 1975 (mostly Bonanza Gulch, 8200’, 23 Jul 1969 (ovip. on grass 3rd-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) nearby, 11:20 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) NV: Clark Co.; E side of Mormon Range, ca. 2-3.5 NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, hill 2/3 mi. E rd. mi. N of I-15 frontage rd., 4 May 1975 (ova, of Angel Lake, 8200’, 27 Jul 1969 (ovip. attempted 4th-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) on plant, 13:10 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) NV: Clark Co.; Arrow Canyon Range, off US 95, ca. NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., 20 mi. N of jct. at I-15, 5 Jun 1975 (3rd-5th instar 3.3 mi. E of North Fork Summit, 24 Jun 1981 larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of Springs, 1/4 mi. N of Fossil Ridge, 6 Jun 1975 (5th Angel Lake, 26 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Hwy 77, ca. 5 mi. E of US 95, 3 Apr NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., ridge W of 1976 (ova-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Wildhorse Creek Campground, 19 Jun 1986 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., SW slope, 3 mi. from assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1309) Christmas Tree Pass Rd. on rd. to communications tower, 9 May 1976 (ova-5th instar larvae) (fide PAPILIONINAE B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; Hwy 77, ca. 5 mi. E of US 95, 3 Oct Larval hostplants have been documented for all seven species 1976 (mostly 3rd-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) of papilionines known to breed in Nevada and include 24 species NV: Clark Co.; Hwy 77, ca. 5 mi. E of US 95, 14 of plants (28 butterfly/plant combinations) in seven families Nov 1976 (1st-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Oleaceae, Rhamnaceae, Roseaceae, NV: Clark Co.; Hwy 77, ca. 5 mi. E of US 95, 28 Rutaceae, Salicaceae). Of these, seven are newly reported for the Nov 1976 (ova-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) species of butterfly concerned. A comprehensive catalogue of the NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Nv 160, 3 mi. W of Blue species used by Papilio indra, particularly in southern Nevada, has Diamond turnoff, 26 Sep 1977 (ovip. on stem, been accumulated by several workers, particularly Bruce Griffin 09:15 PST, 09:30 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) who painstakingly explored several remote and difficult mountain NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 27 Apr ranges in his quest for information on this butterfly. Eggs are 1978 (mature larva, dark form emerged as form placed largely on leaves (also stems for Papilio polyxenes), with “clarki”) (fide C. S. Lawson) over 77% of the ovipositions recorded before noon; records for NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., Papilio are concentrated in early morning, but Pterourus often 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 11 May 1978 (ovip. on upper oviposit into the afternoon. Papilio most often oviposit on the surface of leaf, 10:00 PST) (Austin and Austin lower surface, while Pterourus almost always place eggs on the 1980) upper surface. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Cloud Mine, 27 May 1978 (ovip. on stem at leaf base, 11:00 PST) Papilio polyxenes coloro W. G. Wright, 1905 (Austin and Austin 1980) APIACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 15

0.6 mi. S of Nv 160, 28 May 1978 (ovip. 2× on stem at base of leaf, 09:00 PST) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., 0.6-1.8 mi. S of Nv 160, 28 May 1978 (ovip. on stem at leaf base, 09:45 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., 0.6-1.8 mi. S of Nv 160, 28 May 1978 (ovip. on stem at leaf base, 11:20 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass Rd., 7.5 mi. E of US 95, 7 Mar 1984 (ovip. on upper stem, 10:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #758) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts.; Nv 160, 3.0 mi. W of Blue Diamond Rd., 2 Sep 1984 (ovip. near stem tip, 08:30 PST, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1150) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts.; Nv 160, 3.0 mi. W of Blue Diamond Rd., 2 Sep 1984 (many larvae mostly 3rd-4th instar resting on stems) (NSM, GTA #1150) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Cloud Mine, 2 Sep 1984 (1st instar larva on stem) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Nv 160, 3.0 mi. W of Blue Diamond Rd., 5 Sep 1984 (many larvae of all instars feeding on leaves, flower buds, and stem tip epidermis, several reared to adult) (NSM, GTA #1150) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (4th-5th instar larvae feeding on stem epidermis, several reared to adult) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; nr. Blue Diamond, 16 Sep 1984 (larvae reared to adult, em. 9 Oct 1984, 26 Apr-27 Jun 1985) (fide P. Savage) NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1.1 mi. S of Nv 160, 3 Apr 1988 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:30 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 7. Angelica kingii. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., vicinity of Red Cloud Mine, 12 Oct 1997 (1st instar larva) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., ca. 7 rd. mi. E of US 95 on Christmas Tree Pass Rd., 20 Dec 1998 (5th instar larva) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 2.2 mi. N of Clark Co. line, 23 Sep 1984 (mature larva on stem) (no plant coll., 8300-9000’, 23 Jul 1989 (larvae) (fide W. Dawes) GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., Water Canyon, 18 NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 2-3 mi. May 1974 (pupa) (fide B. Griffin) E of Nv 160, 15 Sep 1984 (3rd-5th instar larvae NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, feeding on leaves and stem epidermis) (NSM, GTA 6200-7000’, 5 Aug 1967 (13 larvae, lst-5th instar) #1203) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 8 Papilio machaon bairdii W. H. Edwards, 1869 Jul 1968 (ova, larvae, pupa) (fide B. Griffin) ASTERACEAE NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 7 Artemisia dracunculus L. Sep 1968 (larvae) (fide J. Cooper) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Queen Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson 7450-8080’, 9 Jul 1989 (ova, larvae) (fide W. Canyon, 25 Jul 1988 (ovip. on lower surface in Dawes) middle of leaf, 13:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1483) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Queen Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Grant Range, Troy Canyon, 7 Jul 1969 16 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(2 larvae, 4th-5th instar) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Nye Co.; Grant Range, Troy Canyon, 7000’, 7 NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek Jul 1969 (3 larvae, 3rd-5th instar, on leaves, reared Campground, 8000’, 30 Jul 1969 (ovip., 9 ova to pupae and adult) (Emmel and Shields 1978a) collected) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:05 PST) Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852 (NSM, GTA #1262) APIACEAE Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) J.M.Coult. & Rose Angelica kingii (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. & Rose (Fig. 7) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, Thomas Rd., 6.9 mi. N of Nv 81, 29 May 1984 (ovip. on Canyon Campground, 7 Aug 1967 (2 larvae on leaf leaf, 15:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #919) uppersides, reared to adults) (Emmel and Shields 1978a) Papilio indra panamintensis J. Emmel, 1981 NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Range, Martin Creek APIACEAE Ranger Station, 7000’, 11 Aug 1967 (5 larvae, 1st- Lomatium nevadense (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. & Rose* 3rd instar, on upper surfaces of leaves, reared to NV.: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Spring, 7 Apr 1987 pupae and adult) (Emmel and Shields 1978a) (ovip. 2× on lower leaves, 2/3 distance from base, Cymopterus longipes S.Watson var. ibapensis (M.E.Jones) 09:30) (NSM, GTA #1392) Cronquest [Cymopterus ibapensis M.E.Jones]* Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. (Plate 10C) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Hinkey Summit NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 25 Jun 1968 Rd., 5.1 mi. N of Cottonwood Creek Rd., 21 May (1st-3rd instar larvae) (fide J. F. Emmel) 1980 (ovip. on leaf) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 11 May Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) M.E.Jones var. petraeus 1969 (ova, 1st-2nd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (M.E.Jones) Goodrich [Pteryxia petraea (M.E.Jones) J.M.Coult. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 30 Jun 1969 & Rose, Cympoterus petrea M.E.Jones] (ova, 1st-4th instar larvae) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 16 May 6600’, 13 Jun 1969 (5, 3rd-5th instar larvae on 1970 (ova-4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) leaves, reared to pupae) (Emmel and Shields NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 20 Mar 1978a) 1972 (ova, larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 8 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Basin, 28 Mar Jun 1986 (larvae) (fide J. Pasko) 1972 (larvae) (fide J. Leser, also Langston 1973) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Canyon 7000-7200’, 30 Jun 1968 (many larvae, lst-5th Recreation Area, early Sep 1972 (2 larvae) (L. instars) (fide J. F. Emmel) Ballew, fide B. Griffin) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 7 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, Sep 1972 1986 (larvae) (fide J. Pasko) (larvae) (L. Ballew, fide B. Griffin) Ligusticum grayi J.M.Coult. & Rose NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 2 Jun 1973 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., nr. Jarbidge River, 2 (ova, larvae) (fide B. Griffin) mi. S of Pine Creek Campground, 10 Aug 1967 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 31 Mar (2 larvae on leaves, reared to pupae and adult) 1974 (ovip., ova) (fide B. Griffin) (Emmel and Shields 1978a) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Canyon Lomatium dissectum (Torr. & A.Gray) Mathias & Constance var. Scenic Drive at Calico Hills quarry, 27 Apr 1975 multifidum (Torr. & A.Gray) Mathias & Constance (2 ova, 1 early instar larva) (fide S. O. Mattoon) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Coon Creek Summit, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 31 May 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1860) 1975 (ova-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower end of Birch NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 6 Jun 1976 Creek, 6300’, 13 Jun 1969 (8 larvae, 4th-5th instar, (larvae) (fide B. Griffin) on leaves, reared to pupae and adults) (Emmel and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 25 Apr Shields 1978a) 1977 (ova-4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon, 6.9 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., White Rock Spring, 30 mi. N of Nv 81, 11 May 1981 (ovip. on lower May 1977 (5 larvae) (fide J. Brock) surface of leaf, 09:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Canyon, 29 Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. (Plate 10C) May 1980 (larva reared to adult, em. 21 Jun 1980) NV: Lincoln Co.; N of Pahroc Range, US 93 at (fide D. Mullins) Pahroc Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 25 Apr 1.0 mi. N, 28 May 1983 (1st-2nd instar larvae) 1983 (ova-1st instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 5 Jun 1983 NV: Lincoln Co.; E Pahranagat Range, canyon 3.7 (5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) mi. W of Pahranagat High School, 0.5 mi. up NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Basin, 11 May canyon, 29 May 1983 (larva) (fide B. Griffin) 1985 (5 larvae) (fide J. Pasko) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 17

NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Hills, 14 Apr from jct. Hwy 93 for 0.6 mi., 2.4 mi. N on Hwy 1988 (larva reared to adult) (fide P. Savage) 318 to dirt rd. for 6.5 mi. NW, 10 Jun 1975 (2nd- NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Hills, 24 Apr 4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) 1990 (larva reared to adult, em. 15 Apr 1992) (fide NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahroc Range, US 93 at Pahroc P. Savage) Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then 1.0 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Spring, 21 Apr N, 10 Jun 1975 (ova) (fide B. Griffin) 2003 (1st instar larva) (NSM, BB #95) NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahroc Range, US 93 at Pahroc NV: Nye Co.; Grant Range, Troy Canyon, 7 Jul 1969 Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then 1.0 mi. (5 larvae, 4th-5th instar) (fide J. F. Emmel, also N, 19 May 1982 (3rd instar larva) (fide B. Griffin) Emmel and Emmel 1974b) NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahranagat Range, hwy 25, NW NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Willow Creek, from jct. Hwy 93 for 0.6 mi., 2.4 mi. N on Hwy 6000-6300’, 8 Jul 1969 (11 larvae, 4th-5th instar) 318 to dirt rd. for 6.5 mi. NW, 20 Jun 1982 (4th (fide J. F. Emmel, also Emmel and Emmel 1974b) instar larva) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Nye Co.; W slope of Bare Mt., 7 mi. S of Beatty, NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahroc Range, US 93 at Pahroc 2.5 mi. to canyon mouth, 11 Apr 1976 (ova) (fide Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then 1.0 mi. B. Griffin) N, 28 May 1983 (2nd-3rd instar larvae) (fide B. NV: Nye Co.; W slope of Bare Mt., 7 mi. S of Beatty, Griffin) 2.5 mi. to canyon mouth, 8 May 1976 (ova-4th NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahranagat Range, hwy 25, NW instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) from jct. Hwy 93 for 0.6 mi., 2.4 mi. N on Hwy NV: Nye Co.; W slope of Bare Mt., 7 mi. S of Beatty, 318 to dirt rd. for 6.5 mi. NW, 29 May 1983 2.5 mi. to canyon mouth, 24 Apr 1977 (ova-4th (larva) (fide B. Griffin) instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Lincoln Co.; E Pahranagat Range, canyon 3.7 NV: Nye Co.; W slope of Bare Mt., 7 mi. S of Beatty, mi. W of Pahranagat High School, 0.5 mi. up 2.5 mi. to canyon mouth, 5 Jun 1983 (1st-5th instar canyon, 29 May 1983 (ova-3rd instar larvae) larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Nye Co.; 5 mi. SE of Beatty, 3 May 1995 (ova) NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahroc Range, US 93 at Pahroc (fide J. Brock) Summit Pass, dirt rd. 2.2 mi. N, corral, then 1.0 mi. N, 27 May 1988 (ova-5th instar larva) (fide B. Papilio indra nevadensis T. & J. Emmel, 1971 Griffin) APIACEAE NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., rd. towards Summit Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) M.E.Jones var. petraeus Spring, 19 Jun 1983 (ovip. on leaf, 11:45 PST) (M.E.Jones) Goodrich [Pteryxia petraea (M.E.Jones) J.M.Coult. (NSM, GTA #448) & Rose, Cympoterus petrea M.E.Jones] NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Creek NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Campground, 12 Apr 1984 (ovip. on lower surface 1968, 1969 (larvae) (Emmel and Emmel 1971) of leaf) (NSM, GTA #780) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 7-8 Jul 1968 (ova, larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Papilio indra calcicola J. Emmel & Griffin, 1998 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, APIACEAE 30 Jun 1969 (1 small larva) (fide J. F. Emmel) Lomatium sp. NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 1967 NV: Clark Co.; S end of Sheep Range, Fossil Ridge, (larvae) (Emmel and Emmel 1971) 26 Apr 1988 (larva reared to adult) (fide P. Savage) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 3 Aug NV: Clark Co.; S end of Sheep Range, Fossil Ridge, 1967 (ovip. on underside of leaf, also 2 ova and 1 May 1990 (larva reared to adult, em. 27 May 1992) 2nd instar larva) (fide J. F. Emmel) (fide P. Savage) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; ridge, 1.4 mi. E of Elgin, 7 May 1968, 1969 (larvae) (Emmel and Emmel 1971) 1986 (larva reared to adult) (fide P. Savage) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; ridge, 1.4 mi. E of Elgin, 4 May 7000-7200’, 30 Jun 1968 (8 larvae, 1st-3rd 1990 (larva reared to adult, em. Dec 1991) (fide P. instar) (fide J. F. Emmel) Savage) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, North Twin River Lomatium grayi (J.M.Coult. & Rose) J.M.Coult. & Rose Canyon, 1 Jul 1968 (5 larvae, 1st-3rd instar) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 1.7 mi. S of (fide J. F. Emmel) Elgin, 26 Apr 1980 (ovip. on lower leaf surface, NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, 6 mi. E of Manhattan, 10:00 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) 9 Jul 1969 (larva, 3rd instar) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Lomatium nevadense (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. & Rose* Emmel and Emmel 1971) NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Fossil Ridge, 5.7 mi. E NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, 7 Jun 1986 (larvae) of Corn Creek, 14 Apr 1987 (ovip. on lower (fide J. Pasko) surface of leaf, 09:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1393) Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. (Plate 10C) Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. (Plate 10C) NV: Lincoln Co.; N Pahranagat Range, hwy 25, NW NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Fossil Ridge, 5.7 mi. E 18 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

of Corn Creek, 8 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., GTA #133) then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 24 Apr Lomatium scabrum (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Mathias 1988 (ova-4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., canyon E of Buffington then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 20 Apr Pockets, 5.9 air mi. N and 0.3-0.4 air mi. E of 1975 (ova) (fide B. Griffin) Muddy Peak, 24 Apr 1988 (ova-2nd instar larvae, NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., reared to adults) (Emmel and Griffin 1998) then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 1 Jun NV: Lincoln Co.; E Mormon Mts., off I-15, ca. 8 mi. 1975 (2nd-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NE of Glendale (3.7 mi. E, then 10.8 rd. mi.), 4 NV: Clark Co.; Arrow Canyon Range, off US 95, ca. May 1975 (ova) (fide B. Griffin) 20 mi. N of jct. at I-15, 5 Jun 1975 (1st-4th instar NV: Lincoln Co.; E Mormon Mts., off I-15, ca. 8 mi. larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NE of Glendale (3.7 mi. E, then 10.8 rd. mi.), 4 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Arrow Canyon Range, off US 95, ca. 1975 (1st-4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) 16 mi. N of jct. at I-15, 5 Jun 1975 (3rd-5th instar NV: Lincoln Co.; E Mormon Mts., off I-15, ca. 8 mi. larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NE of Glendale (3.7 mi. E, then 10.8 rd. mi.), 23 NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek May 1976 (1st-3rd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 6 Jun 1975 (3rd- NV: Lincoln Co.; E Mormon Mts., off I-15, ca. 8 mi. 5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NE of Glendale (3.7 mi. E, then 10.8 rd. mi.), 28 NV: Clark Co.; Bunkerville Ridge, 3 mi. W of Apr 1983 (ova-3rd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Bunkerville, SSE on dirt rd. ca. 6 mi., 12 Jun 1975 NV: Lincoln Co.; E Mormon Mts., off I-15, ca. 8 mi. (4th-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NE of Glendale (3.7 mi. E, then 10.8 rd. mi.), 24 NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., Apr 1988 (ova-3rd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 1 May 1976 (ova, 1st-2nd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Papilio indra pygmaeus J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Griffin, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Arrow Canyon Range, off US 95, ca. APIACEAE 16 mi. N of jct. at I-15, 22 May 1976 (3rd-5th Lomatium parryi (S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. (Plate 10C) instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., canyon E of Buffington Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 5 May 1974 (ova-3rd Pockets, 5.9 air mi. N and 0.3-0.4 air mi. E of instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Muddy Peak, 26 Apr 1977 (ova-3rd instar larvae, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass reared to adults) (Emmel and Griffin 1998) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 11 May 1974 (ova-4th NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 5 Jun 1982 (4th- NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass 5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 9 May 1975 (ova, NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 26 Apr 1983 (ova) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 9 May 1976 (ova-1st NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi., canyon E of rd., 27 Apr NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass 1983 (ova) (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 6 Jun 1976 (5th instar NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 12 May 1984 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass (1st-2nd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 14 May 1978 (ova-1st NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 28 Apr NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass 1985 (ova-4th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 5 Jun 1982 (mostly NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek 4th-5th instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 28 Apr 1985 (ova- NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass 2nd instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) Rd., 7.4 mi. E of US 95, 25 Apr 1983 (ova) (fide B. NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., canyon E of Buffington Griffin) Pockets, 5.9 air mi. N and 0.3-0.4 air mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass Muddy Peak, 28 Apr 1985 (ova-4th instar larvae, Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 5 May 1983 (larvae) reared to adults) (Emmel and Griffin 1998) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; about 5.4 rd. mi. E of Corn Creek NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass Springs, W end of Fossil Ridge, 25 Apr 1987 (ova, Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 30 May 1983 (1st-3rd larvae) (fide B. Griffin) instar larvae) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Clark Co.; Muddy Mts., Hwy 40 off I-15, 4 mi., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass then dirt rd. SSE 6.4 mi, canyon E of rd., 26 Apr Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 27 Apr 1985 (ovum) 1987 (ova, larvae) (fide B. Griffin) (fide B. Griffin) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 19

NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 6.5-7.3 mi. E of US 95, 23-25 Apr 1988 (ova) Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) (fide B. Griffin) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Campground, 7 Jul 1978 (and several subsequent 11 May 1988 (larva reared to adult) (fide P. dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Savage) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Creek Campground, 19 Jun 1986 (ovip. on upper 29 May 1988 (larvae in all instars; larva reared to leaf surface, outer leaves of mid-tree, 12:10 PST) adult, em. 14 Apr 1989) (fide J. Brock) (NSM, GTA #1311) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Campground, 1 May 1990 (larvae reared to adult, em. 7-14 Apr 24 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1992) (fide P. Savage) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 2 May 1990 (larvae reared to adult, em. 6-21 Apr (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1992) (fide P. Savage) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 76 Creek, 2.7 mi. N of NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Charleston, 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant 24 May 1991 (larvae) (fide J. Brock) coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Pterourus rutulus rutulus (Lucas, 1852) Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) SALICACEAE (no plant coll., GTA) Populus angustifolia James NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River 22 Jun 1981 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 12” off Rd., 11.2 mi. W of US 6, 19 Jun 1980 (adult ground, 09:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Lye Creek NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 2.7 Campground, 13 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant mi. E of Johnson Lake trailhead, 6 Jul 2000 (adult coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River at 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Little Currant Creek Rd., 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber (NSM, GTA #1585) Creek, 15 Jul 1981 (and several subsequent dates) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 2.0 mi. W of Nv 893, 16 Jul 2001 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground to Stella Lake, 6 Jul 2000 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 2-6 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1732) Rd., 3.5 mi. W of Duck Creek, 16 Jul 2001 (adult Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A.Gray) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Brayshaw NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Creek, 12 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1612) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 9 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of upper leaf, 14:30 Area rd., 3.3 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 11 Jun PST) (NSM, GTA #1075) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Creek, 4 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Aug 2002 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 2 m Campground, 12 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant above ground, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1744) coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Creek, 30 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Jun 2003 (larva feeding on leaf) (NSM, GTA Campground, 22 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant #1887) coll., GTA) Populus fremontii S.Watson* Salix bebbiana Sarg.* NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, 3 mi. S of Yerington, 4 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, North Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, end of rd., 14 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, (NSM, GTA #1725) 4 Jul 1996 (ovip. 3× on upper surface of leaf, 3 m Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) above ground, 09:45 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.6 mi. E NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, W side of Yerington, of Maggie Summit, 23 Jun 1981 (ovip. on upper Nv 339, rest area, 15 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no surface of leaf, 3’ off ground) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., 4-5 mi. E of Carroll NV: Mineral Co.; Schurz, 17 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) Summit, 6600’, 14 Jun 1969 (ovip. on leaf, 14:20 20 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Fletcher Canyon, 26 Jun NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, 2001 (1st instar larva feeding on leaf) (NSM, BB 4 Jul 1996 (ovip. 2× on upper surface of leaf, 1.5 #4) m above ground, 09:40 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Deer Creek picnic area, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., lower Desert Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (1st instar larva on leaf) (NSM, BB) 18 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Salix lucida Muhlenb. ssp. caudata (Nutt.) E.Murray [Salix Pterourus multicaudata multicaudata (W. F. Kirby, 1884) lasiandra Benth. var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudworth] OLEACEAE NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Fraxinus velutina Torr.* 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 11:45 NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 10 May PST) (NSM, GTA #1614) 1978 (larva) (no plant coll., GTA)

Pterourus rutulus arizonensis (W. H. Edwards, 1883) Pterourus multicaudata pusillus (Austin & J. Emmel, 1998) SALICACEAE ROSACEAE Populus angustifolia James Prunus sp. (“wild cherry”) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Storey Co.; Virginia City (larvae raised to adult) 29 Jun 1988 (ovip. 2× on center of upper leaf (Edwards 1873) surface near midrib, 5.5 m above ground, 12:35 Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. [Prunus PST) (NSM, GTA #1474) virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (Nelson) Sarg.] (Fig. 16) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Dens Creek, Big Rainbow Canyon, 7 Jul 2000 (2 females ovip. on Den Campsite, 18 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant upper center of leaves, 09:00-10:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., BB) NV: Douglas Co.; Genoa, 5 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. (no plant coll., GTA) Rainbow Canyon, 7 Jul 2000 (larva feeding on NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of leaf) (no plant coll., BB) Pequop Summit, 9 Jun 1981 (ovip. on lower leaf NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. surface, 14:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Rainbow Canyon, 26 Jul 2000 (3 2nd-4th instar NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., east of Maggie larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, BB) Summit, 5 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. GTA) Rainbow Canyon, 5 Jun 2001 (ovip. on leaves) (no NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv plant coll., BB) 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rainbow Canyon, 29 Jun 2001 (ova and first instar NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse larva) (no plant coll., BB) Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, nr. (no plant coll., GTA) pumphouse below old ski area, 29 Jun 2002 (ovip.) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, (NSM, BB #29) 22 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, nr. NV: Humboldt Co.; Sonoma Range, Water Canyon, 4 pumphouse below old ski area, 26 Jul 2002 (ovip. Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) and larvae) (NSM, BB) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Hinkey Summit Populus nigra L. var. italica Duroi* (i) Rd., 1.4 mi. S of Hinkey Summit, 13 Jul 2000 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon, Torino (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ranch, 9 Jun 2007 (ovip.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, 2.3 mi. E of Big 5 Jul 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) Creek Campground, 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, plant coll., GTA) 26 Jun 1979 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf near NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 17 Jun midrib, 10:00 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 3 mi. E of 10 Jul 1979 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 08:50 Carroll Summit, 16 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cathedral Rock picnic NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range Kingston Canyon, area, 18 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 21 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 24 Jul 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 28 Jun Salix lasiolepis Benth. 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 21

NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 15 Jul 1980 (ovip. on upper surface of NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, upper leaf, 08:45 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) 25 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Creek, 20 Rd., 7.0 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 24 Jun 1984 (adult Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Creek, 15 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Rd., 6.0 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 7 Jun 1985 (ovip. on GTA) lower surface of leaf, 14:45 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo #1213) Creek, 3.9 mi. E of summit, 16 Jul 1981 (adult NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 9.6 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 7 Jun 1985 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Berry assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 3.3-5 mi. E of Nv 486, 16 Jul 1981 (adult NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 5.1 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 31 May 2002 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 21 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 31 Jul #1325) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 6300- Creek, 23 Jun 1987 (ovip. on center of upper leaf 6800’, 3 Aug 1967 (ovip. on upperside of leaf, also surface, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1431) small larva) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Telegraph NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun Canyon, 1 mi. N of Monte Neva Hot Springs, 18 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 17 Jun NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, nr. 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Johnson Lake trailhead, 6 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Stoneberger Canyon, (no plant coll., GTA) 6.8 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 3.7 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 16 Jul 2001 NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Clear Creek, 2.1 mi. (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) W of Dobbin Summit Rd., 19 Jun 1981 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Piermont assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 16 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May GTA) 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 11 Jun Campground, 30 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 26 NV: White Pine Co.; Cherry Creek Range, 2.2 mi. E Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Cherry Creek Summit, 14 Jun 2002 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Washington Creek, 27 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Seigel NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 19 Creek Rd., 3.6 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 10 Jun Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Pine Creek, 5.0 NV: White Pine Co.; Antelope Range, Middle Creek, mi. W of Pine Creek Ranch, 20 Jun 2003 (adult 0.6 mi. W of Chin Creek Summit, 7 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Canyon, 5-6.5 mi. E of Nv 400, 11 Jul 1981 (adult Area rd., 3.5 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 22 Jul assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (ovip. Pterourus eurymedon (Lucas, 1852) on upper surface of upper leaf, 13:15 PST) (NSM, RHAMNACEAE GTA #461) Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg NV: Pershing Co.; Sonoma Range, Sonoma Canyon, NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal 26 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 30 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Buena Vista #1452) Canyon, 30 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ceanothus velutinus Hook. var. velutinus (Fig. 19) GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Spooner-Kings NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 8 Jul Canyon Rd., 1.3 mi. N of US 50, 25 Jun 1980 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 23 Jun NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of 22 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Washoe Co. line, 1 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1917) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Montreal Canyon, of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 6 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 5.0 mi. E North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (NSM, GTA #1227) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Montreal Canyon, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline 18 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (ovip. on NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, upper surface in center of leaf, 09:00 PST) (NSM, 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 5 May 1987 (adult assoc.) GTA #1917) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal PIERIDAE Canyon, 30 Jun 1987 (principal adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pierids are represented by 28 species in Nevada of which two are NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek, 2.3 probably not permanently resident, but occasionally or regularly mi. E of Nv 226, 10 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) breed, and another seven are probable non-breeding strays. Of the (NSMCC, GTA) species known to breed in the state, at least one larval hostplant NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 8.1 mi. E is known or suspected for nineteen. These include a variety of of Nv 226, 11 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant dicotyledonous plants, largely Brassicaceae for pierines and coll., GTA) Fabaceae for coliadines. NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts, Nv 11A, 0.2 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 23 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no PIERINAE plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of Larval hostplants have been determined for 12 of the 13 species Angel Lake, 26 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant of pierines in the state, including 65 species of plants (120 butterfly/ coll., GTA) plant combinations) in two families (Brassicaceae, Pinaceae). Of NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 1.0 mi. W of these, 46 are newly reported for the species of butterfly concerned, Angel Creek Campground Rd., 4 Jun 1987 (adult including five new genera: Pontia beckerii and Anthocharis stella assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) on Caulanthus, Pontia protodice and P. occidentalis on Cleomella, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E and Anthocharis cethura on Sisymbrium. The catalogue is rather of Maggie Summit, 5 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no extensive for several species since they are often abundant and plant coll., GTA) easily observed as they oviposit or have unequivocal associations. NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 1.5 mi. Eggs are placed in a variety of locations, but especially on the S of Thomas Canyon Campground, 14 Jun 2003 lower surfaces of leaves, with a substantial number on or in (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1848) association with reproductive parts. Ovipositions may take place NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 0.8 mi. throughout much of the day, but are predominately (76%) in the N of Thomas Canyon Campground, 14 Jun 2003 morning, especially between 09:00 and 12:00 PST. (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 2.6 mi. S of Coon Neophasia menapia menapia (C. & R. Felder, 1859) Creek Summit, 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant PINACEAE coll., GTA) Pinus sp. (“pins”) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Buckskin Mt., NV: probably Washoe Co. (Boisduval 1857, see Windy Gap to summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) Emmel et al. 1998a) (no plant coll., GTA) Pinus contorta Loudon NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis NV: Douglas Co.; vicinity of Spooner Summit, 5 Aug Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) coll., GTA) Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. NV: Washoe Co.; summit of Peavine Peak, 3 Jul NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 4.2-6.5 mi. E of CA state line, 13 Aug 1978 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, I-80, exit 1 nr. assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Verdi, 16 Jun 1989 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, GTA) 4.1-5.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 10 Aug 1980 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 10 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Creek, 24 Creek, 18 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, vicinity of Spooner NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, ca. 1 mi. N of Summit, 5 Aug 1981 (principal adult assoc.) Crystal Bay, vicinity of First Creek, 30 Jun 2003 (NSMCC, GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 23

NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, 0.2 mi. N of 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Glenbrook, 5 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 10 GTA) Jul 2003 (principal adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Zephyr Cove, 5 GTA) Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Crystal Bay, 30 Jul NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 10 Sep 1984 (ovip. string of 3 eggs at tip NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Sand Harbor, 31 Jul of needles, 7 feet off ground, 10:30 PST) (NSM, 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #1195) Pinus lambertiana Douglas* NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Montreal Canyon, NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, vicinity of Spooner 1 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Summit, 5 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek Rd. at GTA) Risue Canyon Rd., 1 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Pinus monticola Douglas plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., upper Desert Creek, ski area, 5 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, 5 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA; no GTA) evidence of association with Pinus monophylla) Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Plate 2D, Fig. 8) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Alum Creek NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Alum Creek Campground, 22 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Campground, 22 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 12 NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Geiger Grade, 1.1 mi. S of Aug 1978 (principal adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Washoe Co. line, 31 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, Galena plant coll., GTA) Creek Park, 17 Aug 1980 (principal adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 12 (NSMCC, GTA) Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 10

Figure 8. Pinus ponderosa. 24 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, 2 mi. E of Manhattan, Pinus washoensis H. Mason & Stockw.* 19 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, Galena NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek Creek Park, 17 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Campground, 8000’, 30 Jul 1969 (adult assoc.) GTA) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve Neophasia menapia magnamenapia Austin, 1998 Creek, 6600-7000’, 31 Jul 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide PINACEAE J. F. Emmel) Pinus flexilis James* NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., 2.7 mi. N of Campground, 1 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant Martin Creek Ranger Station, 13 Aug 1981 (adult coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, US 93, Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. (Plate 1B, 2C) Conners Pass, 4 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., nr. Carroll coll., GTA) Summit, 7100’, 5 Aug 1977 (adult assoc.) (fide D. NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, US 6, Shillingburg) Powderhouse Canyon, 4 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 16 mi. E (no plant coll., GTA) of US 50, 14 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Plate 2D, Fig. 8) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 1 NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of Aug 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pequop Summit, 5 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 4 Aug plant coll., GTA) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 1.7 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 22 Jul E of Harrison Pass, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Roberts Creek, 4 mi. 22 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) N of Roberts Ranch, 8 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, plant coll., GTA) 24 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 2.5 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, Carroll Summit, 14 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no 17 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Deer Creek Rd., 0.5 mi. NV: Lander Co.; Simpson Park Range, Ackerman E of Lee Canyon Rd., 20 Jul 2000 (adult assoc., not Canyon, 23 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., associated with Pinus monophylla) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, Bob Scott NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, Campground, 21 Aug 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant 20 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 20 Jul NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 22 Aug 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Pontia beckerii (W. H. Edwards, 1871) 19 Aug 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) BRASSICACEAE NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 18 Caulanthus crassicaulis (Torr.) S.Watson** Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Goshute Mts:, US 93A, 32.5 mi. N of NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Aug US 93, 9 Jun 1981 (ovip. on upper leaves, 13:50 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 8 Caulanthus pilosus S.Watson** Sep 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Seven Troughs Rd., 10.1 mi. E of NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Bob Scott Summit, Trego-Nightingale Rd., 22 May 2003 (ovip. on 7267’, 9 Aug 1999 (adult assoc.) (Langston 2000) lower surface of leaf, 09:40 PST) (no plant coll., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, GTA, cf GTA #1804) 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Cleome lutea Hook.* (Fig. 9) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 1.6 mi. E of Rd., 7000’, 1 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant Washoe Co. line, 13 Sep 2003 (ovip. on stem just coll., GTA) below flowers, 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1972) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, 4 mi. S of Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton (Plate 5F) microwave towers, 26 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Grove Hills, Pine Grove Canyon, plant coll., GTA) 7-10 mi. W of Nv 3C, 5 Jun 1981 (ovip. 3× on NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Illinois Canyon, 5 Aug upper leaves of young plants) (NSMCC, GTA) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. halictorum (Cockerell) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 25

Detling (Plate 5F) Range Rd., 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Nv 376 at Jett GTA) Canyon Rd., 6 May 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton (Plate 6C) lower leaf, 11:50 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Nv 2 [=Nv 722], 2 mi. W of Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (i) Frenchman, 2 Jun 1972 (ova on inflorescence) NV: Elko Co.; Spruce Mt., 26 Jul 2001 (ovip. 2× on (Scott 1986b, 1992) flower buds, 12:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1647) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Trout Canyon Rd., 0.8 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, rd. mi. W of Spring Mt. Youth Camp Rd., 14 Jun 1977 between North Creek and Kalamazoo Creek, 5 Jul (ovip. on lower surface of leaf) (Austin and Austin 1969 (ovip. on leaf, 13:45 PST) (Emmel et al. 1980) 1970) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 15 mi. W Lepidium perfoliatum L. (i) (Fig. 10) of US 95, 23 Jun 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., 4-5 mi. E of Carroll 1980) Summit, 6600’, 14 Jun 1969 (ovip. on lower NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., surface of leaf, 14:25 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) 1.8 mi. S of Nv 160, 29 Apr 1978 (ovip. on main Sisymbrium altissimum L. (i) stem, 1/2 way up at leaf base, 11:15 PST) (Austin NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 8 May and Austin 1980) 2001 (ovip.) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1 mi. W of Cold Creek, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 17 May 2001 (ovip.) 8 May 1978 (ovip. at apex of flower bud, 11:30 (NSM, BB) PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Douglas Co.; Kingsbury Grade, 2.0 mi. W of Nv NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 4 mi. N of 206, 5 May 1987 (ovip. on lower surface of upper Gerlach, 1 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., leaves, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1401) GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Scraper Spring Rd., 6.5 mi. N of Stanleya viridiflora Torr. & A.Gray* Nv 789, 23 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Eureka Co.; Monitor Range, Charnac Basin, 3.8 GTA) mi. W of South Fork Pass, 31 May 1981 (ovip. on NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, W rd. to El Duque stem) (NSMCC, GTA) Spring, 1.8 mi. S of fork, 21 May 2003 (adult Thelypodium crispum Payson* assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1801) NV: Carson City; Eagle Valley, Lompa Lane at NV: Pershing Co.; Seven Troughs Rd., Vernon, 22 Airport Rd., 2 Jul 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Peavine Peak Rd., 5.6 mi. W of US NV: Carson City; Eagle Valley, Lompa Lane at 395, 3 Jul 1981 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) Airport Rd., 19 Jun 1989 (adult assoc.) (no plant Sisymbrium loeselii L. (i) coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Carson City; Eagle Valley, Lompa Lane at 6600’, 13 Jun 1969 (ovip. on leaf, 12:30 PST) Airport Rd., 31 May 1998 (ovip. on upper stem) (Emmel et al. 1970) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 6300- 6800’, 10 Jul 1969 (ovip. on leaf, 14:15 PST) Pontia sisymbrii elivata (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) (Emmel et al. 1970) BRASSICACEAE Stanleya elata M.E.Jones Arabis sp. NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5.4 mi. W NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. of Frenchman, 17 Jul 1983 (ovip. on stem adjacent SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) to leaf base, 12:40 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) (fide T. Stout) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 9.3 mi. W Arabis fernaldiana Rollins* of US 95, 1 May 1977 (ovip. on main stem) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of (Austin and Austin 1980) Angel Lake, 5 Jul 1980 (preoviposition behavior NV: Mineral Co.; US 95A, 0.8 mi. S of Lyon Co. on several plants) (NSMCC, GTA) line, 29 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Arabis holboellii Hornem. (Fig. 11) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1.2 mi. W of Nv 376, 14 Jul 2.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 5 May 1987 (ovip. on flower 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) stem, 08:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1400) NV: Pershing Co.; rd. to Rabbithole, Rocky Canyon, Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb. 20.0 mi. N of Nv 399, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., (no plant coll., GTA) 5-7 mi. SW of Nv 338, 4 May 1987 (ovip. on lower NV: Pershing Co.; Gerlach-Sulphur Rd., 0.9 mi. E of surface of flower stem, 11:40 PST) (NSM, GTA Washoe Co. line, 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, #1399) GTA #1897) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Telegraph Canyon NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 477, 3.6 mi. N of Selenite Rd., 4.5 mi. W of Hot Springs Rd., 18 Jun 1980 26 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(ovip. on lower surface of lower leaves, 11:10 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; E side of Butte Mts., Middle Canyon, 4.9 mi. W of W Butte Valley Rd. at 10.6 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1832) Arabis perennans S.Watson NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May 1986 (ovip. on side of flower, 10:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1263) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May 1986 (ovip. at base of flower, 12:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1263) Arabis puberula Torr. & A.Gray* NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Chiatovitch Creek, 9-11 mi. W of Nv 3A, 17 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Arabis sparsiflora Torr. & A.Gray NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 2.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 21 May 1984 (ovip. on flower buds, 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #835) NV: Storey Co.; Virginia Range, summit of McClellan Peak, 23 May 1982 (ovip. on lower leaf surface) (NSMCC, GTA) Descurainia sp. (plant too young to identify) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Creek Campground, 12 Apr 1984 (ovip. on main stem of young plant, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #781) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) (fide T. Stout) NV: Douglas Co.; N of Desert Creek, 0.5 mi. W of Black Mt., 5.6 mi. NE of Jackass Flat, 7500’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex ova) (fide T. Stout)

Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 BRASSICACEAE Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 8 May 1978 Figure 9. Cleome lutea. (female searching among plants along stream) (UNLV, GTA) Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. pinetorum (Tidestrom) Rollins (Fig. 11) NV: Clark Co.; Lucy Gray Mts., rd. to microwave (NSM, GTA #257) towers, 3.0 mi. E of powerline rd., 25 Mar 2003 (ovip. on flower stem, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA Pontia sisymbrii flavitincta (J. A. Comstock, 1924) #1788) BRASSICACEAE Arabis perennans S.Watson Arabis sp. (plant too young to identify, very pale pink flowers) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Washoe Co.; S end of Granite Mts., Nv 447, 4.2 3 Apr 1980 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 13:00 mi. NW of rd. summit, 5 May 2003 (ovip. on PST) (NSMCC, GTA) flower bud, 10:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1791) Arabis pulchra M.E.Jones var. gracilis M.E.Jones Arabis sp. (plant too young for identification) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 18.2 NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Lost Creek, 10.1 mi. mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (larva on leaf) NE of Nv 447, 6 May 2003 (ovip. on flower bud, (NSM, GTA #256) 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1794) Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.* NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 18.2 Pontia protodice (Boisduval & LeConte, 1829) mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (larva on leaf) BRASSICACEAE AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 27

Arabis sp. NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Antelope Valley, 2.1 NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. mi. N of Tippett, 18 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) plant coll., GTA) (fide T. Stout) Cleomella brevipes S.Watson** Barbarea sp. NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, 9.1 mi. N of NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, upper Lehman Sunnyside, 1.6 mi. W of Nv 318, 15 Jul 2001 Creek, 15 Jun 2001 (ovip.) (fide P. Opler) (ovip. on stem beneath flowers, 09:05 PST) (NSM, Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. GTA #1581) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 0.7 mi. N of Eureka, Cleomella plocasperma S.Watson** 28 Aug 1984 (ovip. 2× on upper surface of lower NV: Esmeralda Co.; Monte Cristo Range, 2 mi. E of leaves, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1136) Gilbert, 22 May 1983 (ovip. on stem, 08:00 PST) Cardaria chalapensis (L.) Hand.-Mazz. (i) (NSM, GTA #231) NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Valley, Potts, 9 Jul 1984 NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 08:00 PST) (NSM, 2001 (ovip. 2× on stem, 07:10 PST) (NSM, GTA GTA #1067) #1577) Cardaria pubescens (C. Meyer) Jarmol. (i) Descurainia incana (Fisch. & C. Meyer) Dorn* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Nye Co.; Phinney Canyon Rd. at Currie Well 29 Jun 1988 (ovip. on lower surface of upper leaf Rd., 7 May 1983 (ovip. nr. flower bud, 10:40 PST) below inflorescence, 12:15 PST) (NSM, GTA (NSM, GTA #108) #1476) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton (Plate 5F) Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon, 9.3 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 29 May N of Nv 160, 2 Jun 1977 (ovip.) (UNLV, GTA) 2003 (ovip.) (NSM, BB #127) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 7 Jun Cleome lutea Hook. (Fig. 9) 1977 (ovip.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Dens Creek Rd., NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. 0.2 mi. E of Nv 722, 9 Jul 2003 (ovip. 3× on lower SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) surface of leaves, 11:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1915) (fide T. Stout) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95, 2.7 mi. E of Fernley, 7 Sep NV: Douglas Co.; N of Desert Creek, 0.5 mi. W of 1984 (ovip. 2× on lower surface of leaf, 13:00 Black Mt., 5.6 mi. NE of Jackass Flat, 7500’, 12 PST) (NSM, GTA #1186) Jun 2008 (ex ova) (fide T. Stout) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95, 2.7 mi. E of Fernley, 7 Sep NV: Douglas Co.; Risue Rd., 4.7 mi. SSW of Sand 1984 (ovip. on stem at leaf base, 13:05 PST) Canyon, 3.0 mi. SSE of Black Mt., 7200’, 12 Jun (NSM, GTA #1186) 2008 (ex ova) (fide T. Stout) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95, 2.7 mi. E of Fernley, 7 Sep NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6 mi. E of 1984 (larvae on leaves and pupal case on stem) Oak Spring Summit, 23 Apr 1986 (ovip. on lower (NSM, GTA #1186) surface of middle leaf, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 9 Aug #1240) 1983 (ovip. 2× on upper surface of leaves, 16:05 NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, PST) (NSM, GTA #532) 4 Jul 2000 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:15 Figure 9. Cleome lutea. NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 1.6 mi. E of PST) (NSM, GTA #1549) Washoe Co. line, 13 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek (NSM, GTA #1972) Campground, 4 Jul 2000 (ovip. 3× on lower Cleome serrulata Pursh surface of middle leaves, 12:50 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, rest area at Atlanta Rd., 2 #1550) Jul 1986 (ovip. 3× on upper surface at leaf edges, Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. glabra (Wooton & upper part of plant, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA Standl.) Detling (Plate 5F) #1353) NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 13 mi. N of I-15, 14 May NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Carp, 12 1978 (ovip., 09:15 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) Sep 1990 (ovip. 2× on lower surface of leaves, NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., rd. to Blue Mass 09:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1521) Scenic Area, 4.0 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 11 NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 Jun 2003 (ovip. on seed pod, 10:50 PST) (NSM, mi. N of US 50, 28 Aug 1984 (ovip. 3× on upper GTA #1841) surface of leaves, 08:25 PST) (NSM, GTA #1134) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. halictorum (Cockerell) NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 Detling (Plate 5F) mi. N of US 50, 28 Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 8 May 1978 surface of leaf, 08:25 PST) (NSM, GTA #1134) (ovip. 2× on lower surface of upper leaves, 13:30 NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Pleasant Valley, 1.9 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) mi. E of UT state line, 18 Aug 2003 (ovip. among Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (i) flowers, 10:45 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., 5.1 mi. S of 28 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Hinkey Summit, 27 Jun 1987 (ovip. on fruit NV: Humboldt Co.; US 95, 3.8 mi. S of Orovada, 24 pedicel, 09:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1440) Jul 1987 (ovip. 3X on flower pedicel, 10:50, 10:55, NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 290, 2.1 mi. E of US 95, 14 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1458) Jul 2000 (adult assoc., ovip.) (NSM, GTA #1565) NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 29 Jun NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 29 Jun 1980 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1980 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Nv 34A, mi. N of US 50, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower surface 10.4 mi. W of Nv 8A, 29 Jun 1987 (ovip. on fruit of upper leaf, 07:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1052) pedicel, 07:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1446) Sisymbrium loeselii L.* (i) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, rd. from NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, upper Kingston Kalamazoo Creek to North Creek, 7000-7800’, 5 Canyon, 24 Aug 2002 (ovip. beneath flower, 10:50 Jul 1969 (ovip., 14:00 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel) PST) (NSM, GTA #1766) NV: White Pine Co.; Stetoe Valley, Warm Springs, Thelypodium crispum Payson* 24 Jun 1987 (ovip. on fruit pedicel, 09:45 PST) NV: Carson City; Eagle Valley, Lompa Lane at (NSM, GTA #1433) Airport Rd., 11 Jun 1997 (ovip. on stem beneath NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek flower) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (ovip. on stem among Thlaspi arvense L. (i) flowers of young plant, 12:55 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek, 4.5 #1879) mi. E of Nv 226, 4 Jul 1980 (ovip. on lower surface Draba cuneifolia Torr. & A.Gray of lower leaf, 09:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts. above Island Lake, 10,500’, NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 8 Aug 1967 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:15 meadows N end of rd., 15 Jul 1986 (ovip. on upper PST, 12:40 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields et surface of upper leaf, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA al. 1969) #1363) Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. (i) NV: Elko Co.; Nv 226, 5.2 mi. W of Nv 225, 11 Jul NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 37.5 mi. NW of US 95, 2000 (ovip. 2X on lower surface of leaves, 10:15 28 Jun 1987 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, mid- PST) (NSM, GTA #1554) plant, 07:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1444) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., Lepidium perfoliatum L. (i) (Fig. 10) 4.6 mi. E of Jacks Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 NV: Elko Co.; Clover Valley, US 93, 11.7 mi. S of (ovip. on lower surface of upper leaf, 09:35 PST) Wells, 14 Jul 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of upper (NSM, GTA #1562) leaf, 07:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1361) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Range, Martin Creek NV: Eureka/Lander Co.; Beowawe Geysers, 16 Jul Ranger Station, 7000’, 20 Jul 1969 (ovip. on flower 1986 (ovip. 4× on lower surface of leaf, 08:15 bud, 10:25 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) PST) (NSM, GTA #1365) NV: Humboldt Co.; I-80, Valmy, 1 Jul 1980 (ovip.) Pieris marginalis pallidissima Barnes & McDunnough, 1916 (NSMCC, GTA) BRASSICACEAE NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 293, 7.0 mi. W of Orovada, Cardamine cordifolia A.Gray 29 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 1.5-2.1 mi. S of Bear NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 290, 2.1 mi. E of US 95, 14 Creek Summit, 26 Jun 1987 (ovip., 09:50 PST) Jul 2000 (adult assoc., ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1438) Lepidium virginicum L. var. pubescens (Greene) Thell. (i) Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek [Nasturtium officinale NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Jarbidge Campground, R.Br.] (i) (Plate 6A) 25 Jun 1987 (ovip. on seed pedicel, 13:45 PST) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse (NSM, GTA #1434) Crossing Campground, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Jarbidge Campground, (no plant coll., GTA) 25 Jun 1987 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 13:45 NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek PST) (NSM, GTA #1434) Campground, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Britton* coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon Antelope Refuge, Nv NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Rd. to 34A, Last Chance Ranch, 25 Jul 1987 (ovip. 2× on Jarbidge, 4.5 mi. E of Sunflower Rd., 26 Jul 2003 stem beneath flower, 19:10 PST) (NSM, GTA (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:50 PST) (NSM, #1461) GTA #1933) Sisymbrium altissimum L. (i) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Humboldt Co.; I-80, Valmy, 1 Jul 1980 (ovip.) Creek, 3.3 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 10 Jun (NSMCC, GTA) 2003 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 11:40 PST) NV: Humboldt Co.; Blue Lake Rd., 4.5 mi. W of Nv (no plant coll., GTA) 140, 28 Jun 1987 (ovip. 2X on upper stem below inflorescence, 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1443) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 29

Pieris rapae rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Jackass Creek, BRASSICACEAE 0.5-2 mi. SW of Desert Creek, 23 May 1984 (adult Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. (i) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #876) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave. (many NV: Elko Co.; US 93, Little Salmon River Valley, records of ovip. and larvae) (Austin and Austin 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 7 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) 1980) (NSM, GTA #679) Brassica oleracea L. [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.] (i) Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek [Nasturtium officinale NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave. (many R.Br.] (i) (Plate 6A) records of ovip. and larvae) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 1 Jul 1980) 1977 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf) (Austin and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus (i) Austin 1980, reported as synonym Nasturtium NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 9 Mar 2001 officinale R.Br.) (ovip. 2X on upper surface of leaf, 10:40 PST) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 28 May (NSM, GTA) 1986 (and several other dates) (adult assoc.) (no Cardaria pubescens (C. Meyer) Jarmol. (i) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 28 May of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 1984 (ovip. on upper 1986 (and several other dates) (adult assoc.) (no surface of middle leaves, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA plant coll., GTA) #1124) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., south end of NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N Blossom Canyon, 3 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower (NSMCC, GTA) surface of middle leaves, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett #1124) Creek, 21 Sep 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa, 5 Aug 1981 of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 1984 (ovip. on upper (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) stem near flowers, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1124) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Genoa Canyon, 3 Caulanthus cooperi (S.Watson) Payson (Fig. 12) May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek 1.8 mi. S of Nv 160, 29 Apr 1978 (ovip. 2X on Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 22 May 1984 (adult lower surface of leaf, just to one side of midrib, assoc.) (NSM, GTA #860) 12:00 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 8 Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton* (Plate 5F) Sep 1984 (ovip. 2X on lower surface of leaf, 10:15 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, 5077 Eugene Ave., 29 PST) (NSM, GTA #1189) Apr 1990 (ovip. 4X on lower surface of middle NV: Douglas Co.; Carson River, rd. to fish hatchery, leaves, 10:10 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) 1.0 mi. N of US 395, 6 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (i) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Mountain Springs NV: Elko Co.; Thousand Spring Creek, Twelve Mile Summit, 11 May 1978 (ovip. 3X on lower leaf Ranch, 6 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., surface, 12:30 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) GTA) Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. (i) NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River Valley, US 93, NV: Washoe Co.; rd. W of Pyramid Lake at Smoke 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 7 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no Creek, 29 May 1984 (ovip. several times on lower plant coll., GTA) surface of leaf of young plants, 09:00 PST) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Nv 229 at Humboldt River, 27 Aug GTA #912) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lepidium latifolium L. (i) NV: Elko Co.; Pleasant Valley, Nv 227, 0.9 mi. N of NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 29 Jun Lamoille Canyon Rd., 15 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaves, 11:40 (no plant coll., GTA) PST, 12:45 PST, 13:00 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Goshute Mts., Ferguson Spring, off NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 US 93A, 20 Aug 2001 (ovip. on lower leaf surface, (ovip. 2X on lower surface of upper leaves, 10:10 11:55 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) PST) (NSM, GTA #1181) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Owyhee, 27 NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (ovip. on dry seed pod, 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Rowland, 1.2 mi. #1181) N of Big Bend Rd., 26 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. (i) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 27 May NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 7-9 1985 (ovip. 2X on lower surface of middle leaves, mi. W of Nv 264, 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA) (NSM, GTA #423) Rorippa curvipes Greene* NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, Lida, 15 Sep 2003 30 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 789, 6.0 mi. NE of Golconda, 12 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Paradise Valley, 26 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Scraper Spring Rd., Scraper Spring, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N. of Battle Mountain, 13 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 22 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 19 Aug 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 8 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3 mi. S of Caliente, 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Caliente, 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 5.5 mi. N of Elgin, 13 May 1980 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 0.5 mi. S of Caliente, 3 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 24 Aug 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 13:20 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., 4.8 mi. N of Figure 10. Lepidium perfoliatum. Sweetwater Summit, 13 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; East Walker River, 0.5 mi. E of CA state line, 1 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 16.2 mi. N of US NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 5 395, 2 Jun 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf, 11:30 PST) May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (NSM, GTA #956) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Hot Creek Ranch, NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber 27 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 15 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 2.0 mi. E of Currant, 10 Sep GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., Campground, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (ovip. coll., GTA) on upper surface of upper leaves, 11:40 PST) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Cleveland (NSM, GTA #1141) Ranch, 15 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, 9.1 mi. N of GTA) Sunnyside, 1.6 mi. W of Nv 318, 15 Jul 2001 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Bird Creek (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:00 PST) (NSM, picnic area, 11 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant GTA #1582) coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. occidentalis (S.Watson) Rollins Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult [Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás] assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Carson City; Lompa Lane at Airport Rd., 9 Sep NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 09:35 Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 30 Jul 1988 (adult PST) (NSM, GTA #1194) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sisymbrium altissimum L. (i) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, 5077 Eugene Ave., 29 Canyon, 5 mi. W of Nv 400, 14 Jul 2000 (adult Apr 1990 (ovip. 5X on lower surface of middle AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 31

leaves, 10:15 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Arabis pulchra M.E.Jones var. gracilis M.E.Jones* NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 9 Mar 2001 NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 3.9 mi. (ovip 4X on upper surface of leaves, all different E of Nv 160, 3 May 1983 (ovip. on flower, 10:55 plants, 10:45-10:50 PST) (NSM, GTA) PST) (NSM, GTA #79) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 24 Apr Caulanthus pilosus S.Watson* 2001 (ovip. 2X on upper surface of leaf, 10:40 NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 0.3 mi. N of Nye Co. PST) (no plant coll., GTA) line, 12 Apr 1984 (ovip. at base of flower, 13:10 NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Kershaw PST) (NSM, GTA #782) Ryan State Park, 12 May 1980 (ovip. on lower NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 48, 18.5 mi. S of Trego surface of lower leaf, 14:35 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) junction on Gerlach-Sulphur Rd., 22 May 2003 NV: Lyon Co.; West Walker Rd., 8.7 mi. S of (ovip. on terminal flower bud, 09:10 PST) (NSM, junction with East Walker Rd., 7 Jun 1996 (ovip. GTA #1804) on lower surface of upper leaves of young plant, Descurainia sp. 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1530) NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Mormon Well Rd., 26 Sisymbrium irio L. (i) (Plate 6B) mi. E of Corn Creek, 1 Jul 1969 (larva) (fide J. F. NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 22 Mar Emmel) 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:30, 11:00 Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton PST) (NSM, A. T. Austin) NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, 5077 Eugene Ave., 26 SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) Mar 1988 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 11:20 (fide T. Stout) PST) (NSM, GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; north side of Coal Canyon Rd., 6.8 mi S of Oreana, 4900’, 16 Apr 2008 (ex ova) Euchloe ausonides coloradensis (Hy. Edwards, 1881) (fide T. Stout) BRASSICACEAE Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. halictorum (Cockerell) Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb. (Fig. Detling (Plate 5F) 11) NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Mt. Stirling, 2.0 mi. W of US NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber 95, 17 Apr 1983 (ovip. adjacent to flower cluster, Creek, 30 May 2002 (ovip. 2X on flower bud, 09:35 PST) (NSM, GTA #5) different plants, 07:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1703) Descuriana sophia (L.) Webb* NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass Rd., 0.6 mi. S of Euchloe ausonides transmontana Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 Pahrump Rd., 3 May 1978 (ovip. on stem beneath BRASSICACEAE flower buds) (UNLV, GTA) Descurainia sp. (plant too young to identify) NV: Clark Co.; 2 mi. N of Sandy, 1 Apr 1979 (ovip. NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Rickey Mine area, on flower) (UNLV, GTA) N base of East Sister, 24 May 1984 (ovip. among Guillenia lasiophylla (Hook. & Arn.) Greene* flower buds, 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #887) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass Rd., 2.9 mi. E of US 95, 17 Mar 1987 (ovip. on Euchloe hyantis lotta Beutenmüller, 1898 lower silique, 14:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1388) BRASSICACEAE Lepidium fremontii S.Watson (Plate 5E) Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 18 Mar 1988 (ovip. 2X NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak Rd., 3- on top of unopened flower buds, 11:00 PST) 4 mi. N of Lucky Boy Grade, 13 Jun 1978 (adult (NSM, GTA #1462) assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Sisymbrium altissimum L. (i) Arabis holboellii Hornem. (Fig. 11) NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range Rd., 2.4 mi. E of NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Morey Mine area, Nv. 447, 21 May 2003 (ovip. on flower bud, 10:35 28 May 1983 (ovip. on flower pedicel, 10:00 PST) PST) (NSM, GTA #1801) (NSM, GTA #276) Streptanthella longirostris (S.Watson) Rydb. Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb. NV: Lincoln Co.; 1.3 mi. E of Panaca, 22 Apr 1986 NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Range, War Canyon (ovip. on side of unopened flower bud, 11:30 PST) Rd., 4 mi. NW of Clan Alpine Ranch, 17 May 1980 (NSM, GTA #1235) (ovip. on stem, 1/2 way up, 14:30 PST) (NSMCC, NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon Rd., GTA) 15.3 mi. W of US 95, 7 May 1983 (ovip. on tip of NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., upper leaf of young plant, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA 5-7 mi. SW of Nv 228, 4 May 1987 (ovip. on lower #107) surface flower stem, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.* #1399) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, 1.3 mi. S of Pan Arabis perennens S.Watson* American Mine, 31 May 1983 (ovip. on lower NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, surface of lower leaf, 06:45 PST) (NSM, GTA 25 Mar 1979 (ovip. on flower bud) (UNLV, GTA) #319) 32 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, 1.3 mi. S of Pan of Virgin River bridge, 8 Mar 1997 (ova reared to American Mine, 31 May 1983 (larva feeding on adults) (fide T. Stout) fruit) (NSM, GTA #319) NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Lime Kiln Canyon, 2.6 mi. SE Thelypodium flexuosum Robinson* of Virgin River bridge, 15 Mar 1997 (larvae reared NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at to adults, one emerging 21 Feb 2003) (fide T. Reese River, 3 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower, 09:00 Stout) PST) (NSM, GTA #975) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 20 mi. N of Clark Co. line, 2400’, 10 Apr 1992 (adult assoc.) (Langston 1993) Anthocharis cethura hadromarmorata J. Emmel, T Emmel & Sisymbrium irio L.** (i) (Plate 6B) Mattoon, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Lime Kiln Canyon, 2.6 mi. SE BRASSICACEAE of Virgin River bridge, 30 Mar 1995 (ova) (fide T. Caulanthus pilosus S.Watson* Stout) NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 4.9 mi. N of Springdale, 22 Streptanthella sp. Apr 1982 (ovip. on upper leaf of young plant) (no NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 15 mi. N of Clark Co. line, plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #245) 2400’, 10 Apr 1992 (adult assoc.) (Langston 1993) Streptanthella longirostris (S.Watson) Rydb. Streptanthella longirostris (S.Watson) Rydb. NV: Churchill Co.; 9 mi. W of Fallon, 23 May 1970 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 6.6 mi. W (larvae reared to adult) (Langston 1971, Emmel et of US 95, 10 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, al. 1998b) GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, 7.2 mi. N of Schurz, 1 May NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Railroad Pass, 28 Mar 1980 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 13:50 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) PST) (NSMCC, GTA) Anthocharis thoosa thoosa (Scudder, 1878) Anthocharis cethura mojavensis J. Emmel, T Emmel & BRASSICACEAE Mattoon, 1998 Arabis sp. (possibly Arabis perennens S.Watson) BRASSICACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Caulanthus cooperi (S.Watson) Payson (Fig. 12) 29 Mar 1995 (larvae) (fide J. Brock) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., Arabis holboellii Hornem.* (Fig. 11) 1.8 mi. S of Nv 160, 2 May 1978 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Mt. Rd. at (UNLV, GTA) Pahrump Rd., 20 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, NV: Clark Co.; 3 mi. N of Sandy, 1 Apr 1979 (ovip. GTA) on lower surface of leaf near its base, 10:15 PST) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, (NSMCC, GTA) 13 May 1978 (ovip. on flower) (UNLV, GTA) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton (Plate 5F) Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. pinetorum (Tidestrom) Rollins* NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass NV: Clark Co.; Lucy Gray Mts., rd. to microwave Rd., 2 mi. E of US 95, 25 Mar 1979 (female towers, 3.0 mi. E of powerline rd., 25 Mar 2003 searching among plants, no ovip. noted) (UNLV, (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1788) GTA) Arabis pendulina Greene* NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Lime Kiln Canyon, 2.6 mi. SE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 17.1 mi. of Virgin River bridge, 30 Mar 1995 (larvae) (fide W of US 95, 11 Apr 1977 (preovip. in vicinity of T. Stout) flower buds on two plants, no ova found) (UNLV, NV: Clark Co.; 3.8 mi. S of Mesquite, 30 Mar 1995 GTA) (larvae) (fide T. Stout) Arabis perennans S.Watson NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 20 mi. N of Clark Co. line, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 2400’, 10 Apr 1992 (adult assoc.) (Langston 1993) 20 Apr 1977 (ovip.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 15 mi. N of Clark Co. line, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 2400’, 10 Apr 1992 (adult assoc.) (Langston 1993) 30 Mar 1980 (female searching from plant to plant) Guillenia lasiophylla (Hook. & Arn.) Greene [Guillenia (NSMCC, GTA) lasiophylla var. utahensis (Rydb.) Jeps.] Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton (Plate 5F) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, Rd., 2.9 mi. E of US 95, 17 Mar 1987 (ovip. on 25 Mar 1979 (ovip. on main stem at base of leaf of lower surface of leaf, young plant, 13:45 PST) young plant, 12:10 PST) (UNLV, GTA) (NSM, GTA #1389) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 8 Apr NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Lime Kiln Canyon, 2.6 mi. SE 1979 (ovip. on main stem at base of leaf of young of Virgin River bridge, 30 Mar 1995 (larvae) (fide plant, 11:00 PST) (UNLV, GTA) T. Stout) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon. 8 Apr NV: Clark Co.; 3.8 mi. S of Mesquite, 30 Mar 1995 1979 (ovip. on main vein on lower surface of leaf (larvae) (fide T. Stout) of young plant, 13:15 PST) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Lime Kiln Canyon, 2.6 mi. SE NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 8 Apr AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 33

1979 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf at tip of young plant, 13:15 PST) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., upper Cabin Canyon, 25 Apr 1980 (female searching among plants) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 30 Mar 1980 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf of young plant, 11:25 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud Mine, 19 Apr 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. halictorum (Cockerell) Detling (Plate 5F) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 17 Mar 1987 (ovip. on lower surface, mid-leaf, 11:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1387) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 17 Mar 1987 (ovip. on lower surface, lower leaf, immature plant, 11:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1387) NV: Clark Co.; Walking Box Ranch Rd., 2.7 mi. S of Nv 164, 7 Mar 2003 (ovip. 2X on lower leaf surface near top of plant, 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1786) NV: Clark Co.; 0.3 mi. N of Nipton Pass, 7 Mar 2003 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf near top of plant, 14:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #1787) Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb* (i) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Pass, 11 Apr 2003 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf just below developing flower bud, 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1789) Guillenia lasiophylla (Hook & Arn.) Greene NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass Rd., 2.9 mi. E of US 95, 17 Mar 1987 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 13:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1389)

Anthocharis thoosa pseudothoosa Austin, 1998 BRASSICACEAE Arabis cobrensis M.E.Jones* NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Grove Hills, Pine Grove Canyon, 7 mi. W of Nv 3C to summit, 5 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Genoa Canyon, 10 May 1981 (female investigating several flower buds, no ovip. noted) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak Rd., 0.6 mi. N of Lucky Boy Grade, 13 Jun 1978 (ovip. on flower) (UNLV, GTA) Arabis holboellii Hornem.* (Fig. 11) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 Jun 1983 (ovip. on stem beneath flowers, 13:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #416) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek Campground, 11 May 1984 (ovip. on upper stem below flowers, 08:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #822) Figure 11. Arabis holboellii. Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. retrofracta (Graham) Rydb.* NV: White Pine Co.; E side of Butte Mts., Middle 34 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Canyon, 4.9 mi. W of W Butte Valley Rd. at 10.6 NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., 1.5-2.5 mi. S of mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May 2003 (ovip. on Hinkey Summit, 21 May 1980 (adult assoc.) stem below flower buds, 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA (NSMCC, GTA) #1832) Caulanthus cooperi (S.Watson) Payson** (Fig. 12) Arabis microphylla Nutt. var. microphylla* NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 9.6 mi. E NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Rickey Mine Rd., of Nv 226, 5 Jun 1987 (ovip. on flower pedicel, 2.5 mi. E of Desert Creek, 23 May 1984 (ovip. on 11:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1429) flower buds, 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #874) Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton (Plate 5F) COLIADINAE NV: Douglas Co.; 1.2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 5.6 mi. SW of Sand Canyon, 7300’, 12 Jun 2008 (ex larva) Larval hostplants have been determined for seven of the (fide T. Stout) eight species of sulphurs that are known to breed in Nevada. NV: Douglas Co.; N of Desert Creek, 0.5 mi. W of These records include 35 species of plants (47 butterfly/plant Black Mt., 5.6 mi. NE of Jackass Flat, 7500’, 12 combinations) in two families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae) of which Jun 2008 (ex ova) (fide T. Stout) 24 are newly reported for the species of butterfly concerned and NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., include three new generic records for Nathalis iole (Acroptilon, 5-7 mi. SW of Nv 338, 4 May 1987 (ovip. on lower Pectis, Thymophylla). As for pierines, some species have extensive surface, upper leaf of very young plant within 2mm records because of their abundance and obvious behavior while of another white egg on same leaf, 09:30 PST; ovipositing. Colias place their eggs on leaves, predominently on similar orange egg in same location on adjacent the upper surface; Phoebis sennae and Eurema nicippe oviposit plant) (NSM, GTA #1398) on stems and flower buds. Ovipositions were largely (81%) in the NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., morning, particularly in mid- and late morning. 5-7 mi. SW of Nv 338, 4 May 1987 (ovip. 2X on lower surface, upper leaf of very young plant, Colias philodice eriphyle W. H. Edwards, 1876 12:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1398) FABACEAE Lotus corniculatus L. [Lotus tenuis Willd.]* (i) (Plate 8E) Anthocharis stella stella W. H. Edwards, 1879 NV: Churchill Co.; US 50 at Wildes Rd., 25 Aug BRASSICACEAE 1983 (ovip. on leaf, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #601) Arabis sp. Lotus oblongifolius (Benth.) Greene* NV: Carson City; E side of North Canyon Rd., 4.4 mi. NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 S of Marlette Lake, 7600’, 13 Jun 2008 (ex ova) Aug 1983 (ovip. on leaf, 12:10 PST) (NSM, GTA (fide T. Stout) #613) Arabis holboellii Hornem. (Fig. 11) Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & E.G.Clem. var. purshianus* NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 Canyon, 21 May 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of Aug 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 11:55 upper leaf, 13:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #844) PST) (NSM, GTA #616) Arabis holboellii Hornem. probably var. pinetorum (Tidestrom) Medicago lupulina L. (i) Rollins NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (ovip. Washoe Co. line, 25 May 1984 (ovip. at base of on upper surface of leaf, 11:25 PST) (NSM, GTA fruit, 09:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #898) #1144) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, 3 km N of Verdi Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) (probably feeding on fruits) (Shapiro 1985) NV: Churchill Co.; 3.2 mi. S of Fallon, 1 May 1980 Arabis repanda S.Watson var. repanda* (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, 1.3 mi. N of US 50 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 11 at Spooner Summit, 14 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) Aug 1978 (and many subsequent dates) (adult (UNLV, GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus (i) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 27 May NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 22 May 1984 (ovip. NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 1.9 mi. S of on flower pedicel, 09:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #856) Dyer, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton GTA) NV: Carson City; E side of North Canyon Rd., 4.4 mi. NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 2.4 mi. S of S of Marlette Lake, 7600’, 13 Jun 2008 (ex ova) Dyer, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (fide T. Stout) GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River Valley, West Anthocharis stella browningi Skinner, 1905 Winnemucca, 21 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant BRASSICACEAE coll., GTA) Arabis microphylla Nutt. var. microphylla* NV: Humboldt Co.; Bottle Creek Ranch, 25 May AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 35

2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground to Stella Lake, 6 Jul 2000 (ovip. on NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, US 95A at Miller upper surface of leaf, 10:50 PST) (NSM, GTA Lane, 14 Aug 1979 (and several subsequent dates #1551) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Trifolium pratense L. (i) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Yerington, 8 Oct 1980 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Nv 88, 2.1 mi. S of (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no Centerville Rd., 6 Aug 2001 (ovip. 4X on upper plant coll., GTA) surface of leaves, 09:00-09:15 PST) (no plant coll., NV: Lyon Co.; Smith Valley, Smith, 22 Jul 1981 (and GTA) many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant Trifolium repens L. (i) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington, 1 Sep 1981 (and many 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (ovip. subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 3X on upper surface of leaf, 11:20 PST) (NSM, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Miller Lane, 30 Apr 1987 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 14:30, 14:45, 14:50 PST, 3 females) (NSM, GTA #1397) NV: Mineral Co.; Walker River Valley, Schurz, 1 May 1980 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 12 Sep 1983 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Lovelock, 12 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; N side of Lovelock, 21 Sep 1981 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 14:00 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; I-80, S side of Lovelock, 15 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Ranch, 26 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, Lund, 7 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1044) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, rd. W from central Lund, 11 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Melilotus alba Medikus (i) (Fig. 20) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Ponds, 26 Jul 1993 (ovip. on leaf) (no plant coll., GTA) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (i) NV: Elko Co.; Nv 225, 2.5 mi. S of Charleston Rd., 22 Aug 2001 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 08:10 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Thermopsis montana Torr. & A.Gray var. montana [Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt. var. montana (Nutt.) Isley]* NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, Geysers Ranch, 2 Jul 1986 (ovip. 3X on upper surface of leaf, lower part of plant, 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1352) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 11:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1142) Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt.* Figure 12. Caulanthus cooperi. NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 12- 13 mi. W of Nv 487, 18 Aug 1981 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak 36 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

GTA #1143) GTA #1574) NV: Washoe Co.; 0.8 mi. W of Nv 447 at Medicago lupulina L. (i) Wadsworth, 7 Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 10 Aug leaf, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1185) 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf of plant at edge of lawn, 14:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #984) Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 8 Nov 1986 FABACEAE (ovip. 2X on lower surface of leaves, 11:00 PST) Astragalus sp. (unidentifiable, no flowers or fruit) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, alkali flat, 1.5 Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) mi. S of Moores Creek Rd., off Nv 386, 19 Jul NV: Churchill Co.; US 95, 3.2 mi. S of Fallon, 1 May 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 14:05 PST) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 24 Apr Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. variabilis Barneby* (Plate 1971 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) 8D) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 3.2 mi. S of Goldfield NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 17 Summit, 6 Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of Apr 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult lower leaf, 13:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1179) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lotus corniculatus L. [Lotus tenuis Willd.] (i) (Plate 8E) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Mormon Farm, 30 NV: Churchill Co.; US 50 at Wildes Rd., 25 Aug Apr 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult 1983 (ovip. 3X on leaves, 09:15 PST) (NSM, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #601) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton, 7 Jun 1977 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 9 Jun 1983 (ovip. 2X (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no on lower surface of leaf, 14:00 PST) (NSM, GTA plant coll., GTA) #378) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Jul 1977 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) leaf, 09:25 PST) (NSM, GTA #998) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 13 Jun Lotus oblongifolius (Benth.) Greene* 1987 (ovip. on upper surface of lower leaves, 07:15 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 8 PST) (NSM, GTA #1430) Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 08:15 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, PST) (NSM, GTA #1191) 20 Jul 2000 (ovip. 4X on upper surface of leaves, Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene* 09:45 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. NV: Douglas Co.; Minden, summer 1911 (“damage E of Nv 160, 3 May 1983 (ovip. on upper surface … alfalfa fields”) (Wildermuth 1914) of lower leaf, 10:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #66) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, summer 1911 Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl.* (“damaging the alfalfa fields”) (Wildermuth 1914) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 11 North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (ovip. 2X on Aug 1978 (and many subsequent dates) (adult upper surface of leaf, 11:15 PST, “alba” female) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1228) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek Ranch, Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) 23 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #581) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 27 May 1983 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 07:30 PST) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #341) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 5.3 mi. N of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 8 Dyer, 19 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf of GTA) immature plants, 09:15 PST 2X, 09:30 PST 2X) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 1.9 mi. S of (NSM, GTA #1088) (originally determined as Dyer, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Lupinus alpestris Nelson) GTA) Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. confertus (Kellogg) C.P.Smith* NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 2.4 mi. S of NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 8 Dyer, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:30 GTA) PST) (NSM, GTA #1190) NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River Valley, West Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth.* Winnemucca, 21 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 27 coll., GTA) Mar 1987 (ovip. on upper surface at mid-leaf, NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Yerington, 8 Oct 1980 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1391) (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree plant coll., GTA) Pass, 4.5 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (ovip. on NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington, 1 Sep 1981 (and many lower surface of lower leaf, 08:40 PST) (NSM, subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 37

GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; US 50, 2.8 mi. E of Hamilton NV: Lyon Co.; Smith Valley, Smith, 4 Nov 1983 Rd., 24 Aug 2002 (ovip. on upper surface of lower (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no leaf, 08:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1761) plant coll., GTA) Thermopsis montana Torr. & A.Gray var. montana [Thermopsis NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Miller Lane, 30 Apr 1987 rhombifolia Nutt. var. montana (Nutt.) Isley] (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, Geysers Ranch, 2 Jul plant coll., GTA) 1986 (ovip. 2X on upper surface of leaf, lower part NV: Mineral Co.; Walker River Valley, Schurz, 1 of plant, 09:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1352) May 1980 (and several subsequent dates) (adult Trifolium sp. assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, Sodaville, 18 Jun 1983 NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 9 Aug (ovip. on upper surface of leaf 14:10 PST) (no 1983 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) Trifolium beckwithii S.Watson* NV: Nye Co.; Pahrump, 12 Aug 1984 (and several NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 2 Jun 1987 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 13:10 GTA) PST) (NSM, GTA #1408) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 30 Aug 1984 (ovip. on Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt.* upper surface of lower leaf, 14:10 PST) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak GTA #997) Campground to Stella Lake, 2 Jul 1986 (ovip. 2X NV: Nye Co.; Amargosa Valley, Amargosa Farms, 4 on upper surface of leaf, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) #1345) NV: Pershing Co.; Lovelock, 12 Jun 1981 (adult Trifolium longipes Nutt. assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, NV: Pershing Co.; N side of Lovelock, 21 Sep 1981 31 Jul 2003 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:40 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 14:10 PST) PST) (NSM, GTA #1947) (NSMCC, GTA) Trifolium pratense L. (i) NV: Pershing Co.; I-80, S side of Lovelock, 15 Jul NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Nv 88, 2.1 mi. S of 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Centerville Rd., 6 Aug 2001 (ovip. on upper NV: White Pine Co.; Ely, summer 1911 (“injuring surface of leaves, 09:05 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) alfalfa”) (Wildermuth 1914) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431 at Fairview NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Blvd., 27 Jun 1988 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, Ranch, 26 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 11:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #1473) GTA) Trifolium repens L. (i) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, Lund, 7 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 8 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1044) 1978 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 12:20 PST) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, rd. W from (Austin and Austin 1980) central Lund, 11 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lyon Co.; E Walker River, Nv 338, 0.5 mi. E of coll., GTA) CA state line, 1 Sep 1981 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) Melilotus alba Medikus (i) (Fig. 20) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Little Smoky Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Basin, Red 4.5 mi. N of Summit Canyon, 29 Aug 1984 (ovip. Spring, 16 Sep 1984 (ovip. 3X on upper surface of on upper surface of leaf, 10:45 PST) (NSM, GTA leaf, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1206) #1143) NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. (Fig. 25) of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., middle leaf, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1357) Scraper Spring junction, 5 Jul 2003 (ovip. on upper NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S surface of leaf, 08:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1905) of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (ovip. on upper surface of NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 2.9 mi. upper leaf, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1357) W of Kingston Canyon Summit, 20 Aug 2003 NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, rest area at Atlanta Rd., 2 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:50 PST) (NSM, Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #1959) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 15 Aug 1988 (ovip. on NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.5 mi. S of Springdale, 30 Aug middle of lower surface of upper leaf, 09:30 PST) 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1491) (NSM, GTA #563) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 28 May Colias alexandra edwardsii W. H. Edwards, 1870 1986 (ovip. 3X on lower surface of upper leaves, FABACEAE 10:30 PST, “alba” female) (NSM, GTA #1282) Astragalus sp. (plant without flowers or fruit and drying) Thermopsis montana Nutt. [Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt. var. NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill montana Nutt.] Summit-Merritt Creek, 10.5 mi. N of Sunflower 38 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (ovip. on upper surface NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek of leaf, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1869) Summit to 0.5 mi. E, 16 Jun 1980 (ovip. on lower Astragalus argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray var. martini M.E.Jones* surface of leaf, 15:45 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Butte Valley, 6.1 mi. N of Taylor Astragalus oophorus S.Watson var. oophorus* Canyon junction, 14 Jun 2002 (ovip. on lower NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 4 Jul surface of leaf, 11:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1723) 1979 (ovip. 3X on upper surface of leaf, 11:20 Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray var. purpureus M.E.Jones* PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 17 May Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #415) 1990 (female searching plant to plant, 09:40 PST, NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 4 May no. ovip. noted) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA 1980 (preovip. behavior, no ova found) (NSMCC, #1514) GTA) Astragalus tenellus Pursh* NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May NV: Elko Co.; Charleston-Jarbidge Rd., 3.6 mi. W of 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1264) Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 (ovip. on lower Astragalus canadensis L. var. brevidens (Gand.) Barneby surface of leaf, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1852) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, Campground, 30 Jun 1986 (ovip. on lower surface 7500-8000’, 28 Jun 1968 (ovip.) (fide J. F. Emmel) of upper leaf, 10:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1333) Astragalus utahensis (Torr.) Torr. & A.Gray* Astragalus curvicarpus (A.Heller) J. F. Macbr.* NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek, NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 16.6 mi. N of 11 May 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 09:50 Gerlach at Rock Creek Ranch Rd., 30 May 1984 PST) (NSM, GTA #824) (ovip. on lower surface of middle leaf, 08:20 PST) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby (NSM, GTA #928) [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) Astragalus eremiticus E.Sheld. complex S.L.Welsh]* (Plate 8F) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Berry NV: Elko Co.; 0.8 mi. N of Fenalon, 24 Jul 2001 Creek, 7800’, 28 Jun 1972 (ovip., 15:30 PST) (Ellis (ovip. on lower surface of upper leaf, 10:00 PST) 1974) (NSM, GTA #1640) Astragalus filipes A.Gray (Fig. 13) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 16.6 mi. N of Rd., 1.6 mi. S of Yankee Bill Summit, 27 Jul 2003 Gerlach at Rock Creek Ranch Rd., 30 May 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:00 PST) (NSM, (ovip. on lower surface of middle leaf, 08:15 PST) GTA #1937) (NSM, GTA #927) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. (Plate 8D) Colias christina sullivani Hammond & McCorkle, 2003 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, Austin FABACEAE Summit, 3 Jun 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of Lathyrus rigidus T. White lower leaf, 14:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #982) NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat, 0.6 mi. S of Nv NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6 mi. E of 447, 6 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Oak Springs Summit, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) #1795) (NSM, GTA #1239) NV: Mineral Co.; Alkali Dry Lake Rd., 3.6 mi. N of Phoebis sennae marcellina (Cramer, 1777) Nv 359, 26 May 1988 (ovip. 2X on lower surface FABACEAE of leaflet on mid-rib, 11:25 PST) (NSM, GTA Senna armata (S.Watson) H. Irwin & Barneby (Plate 9B) #1468) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 4.0 mi. E of Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. fremontii (A.Gray) S.Watson US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. on stem just below (Plate 8D) flowers, 07:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1166) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 29 Apr 1979 (ovip.) (UNLV, US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. on stem tip near ground, GTA) 08:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1166) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. lentiginosus (Plate 8D) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 2.0 mi. W of rd. to US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. near stem tip at base of Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (ovip. on lower new fruit, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1166) surface of leaf just above ground, 09:10 PST) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of (NSM, GTA #1889) US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper, naked stem tip, Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. salinus (Howell) Barneby 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1166) (Plate 8D) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Creek US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. 3X on flower buds, 10:10 Rd., 9.6 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 9 Jun 1985 (adult PST) (NSM, GTA #1166) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1217) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of Astragalus oophorus S.Watson* US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (several larvae feeding on AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 39

flowers and buds) (NSM, GTA #1166) 09:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1200) NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Railroad Pass, 13 Sep 1984 Thymophylla pentachaeta (DC.) Small var. belenidium (DC.) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Strother** NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Mormon Well Rd., 3.5 US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (many larvae, mostly 3rd-5th mi. S of US 93, 26 Apr 1983 (ovip. on upper instars, feeding on flowers and young seed pods, surface of leaf, 13:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #48) reared to adult; also pupae) (NSM, cf GTA #1166) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1983 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 5.0 mi. E of (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #359) US 95, 22 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of LYCAENIDAE US 95, 7 Sep 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1166) Lycaenids are represented by 63 species in Nevada of which two are probable strays and at least one may not be permanently Eurema nicippe (Cramer, 1779) resident. Of the species that breed, at least one larval hostplant FABACEAE is known or suspected for 59. These include a broad variety of Senna armata (S.Watson) H. Irwin & Barneby (Plate 9B) plants in twelve families (especially Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, and NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 9 mi. W of Davis Rosaceae). Dam, 3 May 1978 (ovip. on lower surface of flower bud, 09:00 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) LYCAENINAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (ovip. on stems at center of Larval hostplants have been determined for all nine of the shrub, 1/2 half way from ground to top, 08:30 PST, species of coppers in Nevada and include 19 species of plants (25 2X; 10:30, 2X) (NSM, GTA #1166) butterfly/plant combinations) in three families (Grossulariaceae, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of Polygonaceae, Rosaceae). Of these, five are newly reported for US 95, 3 Sep 1984 (larvae feeding on flowers and the species of butterfly concerned, and one is a new generic record buds, also pupae) (NSM, GTA #1166) (Harkenclenus on Amelanchier). For many coppers, documentation NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of of larval hostplants is difficult since they do not oviposit directly US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (ovip. on mid-stem near center on their hostplant, but in litter nearby, although associations with of shrub, 10:20 PST) (NSM, cf GTA #1166) particular plants are important clues to their usage. Observed NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of ovipositions were few, largely in the morning, and, for all except US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (larvae feeding on flowers, Lycaena heteronea, were at ground level at or near the base of the reared to adult; also pupae) (NSM, cf GTA #1166) plant; L. heteronea oviposits on its hostplant’s stems beneath the NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of inflorescence. US 95, 8 Aug 1987 (ovip. on stem tip, 2 cm from tip, in center of bush, 07:35 PST) (no plant coll., Tharsalea arota virginiensis (W. H. Edwards, 1870) GTA, cf GTA #1166) GROSSULARIACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 5.0 mi. E of Ribes roezlii Regel var. roezlii US 95, 22 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 GTA) Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1945) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of Ribes velutinum Greene US 95, 7 Sep 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, GTA, cf GTA #1166) 6600’, 13 Jun 1969 (several mature larvae feeding NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Railroad Pass, 7 Sep 1990 on leaves, one reared to adult) (Emmel et al. 1970) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, Selenite Range Rd., 4.1 mi. E of Nv 447, 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Nathalis iole Boisduval, 1836 (NSM, GTA #1896) ASTERACEAE Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.** (i) Lycaena cupreus cupreus (W. H. Edwards, 1870) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 9 Jun 1983 (ovip. on POLYGONACEAE lower surface of leaf, 14:20 PST) (NSM, GTA Rumex acetosella L. (i) #382) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 5.7 mi. E Palafoxia arida B.L.Turner & M.Morris var. arida (Fig. 14) of Nv 226, 11 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Clark Co.; Colorado River Valley, Laughlin GTA) Cutoff Rd., 1.0 mi. NW of Laughlin, 7 Mar 1984 NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.6 mi. E (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #756) of Nv 226, 9 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Pectis papposa Harvey & A.Gray var. papposa** #1517) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of Rumex paucifolius S.Watson US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (ovip. on stem near ground, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.6 mi. E 40 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

of Nv 226, 9 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1516)

Lycaena cupreus lapidicola J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 POLYGONACEAE Rumex acetosella L. (i) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 28 May 1980 (ovip. in litter at base of plant) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek Canyon, 4.6 mi. W of US 395, 27 May 1984 (ovip. on stem at ground level) (NSM, GTA #857)

Lycaena editha obscuramaculata Austin, 1988 POLYGONACEAE Rumex crispus L.* (i) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Crossing Campground, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. var. denticulatus Torr. NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1636)

Lycaena rubidus rubidus (Behr, 1866) POLYGONACEAE Rumex crispus L. (i) NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 37.4 mi. NW of US 95, 24 Jul 1987 (ovip. on dead leaves beneath plant, 11:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1459) Rumex salicifolius J. A. Weinm var. lacustris (Greene) J. Hickman NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 6.9 mi. W of rd. to Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1891) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. var. triangiuivalvis (Danser) Figure 13. Astragalus filipes. C.Hitchc. NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon NWR, Dufurrena Ranch, 28 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Eureka Co.; Nv 278, 27.5 mi. S of Elko Co. line, #1775) 8 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #689) Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. (Plate 4B) Lycaena rubidus sirius (W. H. Edwards, 1871) NV: Humboldt Co.; US 95, 10.1 mi. N of POLYGONACEAE Winnemucca, 13 Jun 1989 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.* GTA #1504) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River Valley, 2.0 mi. N Rumex patientia L.* (i) of Battle Mountain, 28 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul (NSM, GTA #1942) 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1623) Rumex crispus L. (i) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. var. triangulivalvis (Danser) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 0.8 mi. C.Hitchc. E of Harrison Pass, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Water Pipe (NSM, GTA #1681) Canyon, 27 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., #1126) Scraper Spring junction, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1904) Lycaena rubidus duofacies K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977 NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., POLYGONACEAE Winter Ranch, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Rumex crispus L. (i) GTA #1906) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Elko Co.; Nv 225, Adobe Summit, 28 Jul 2003 Crossing Campground, 16 Jun 2003 (larva feeding (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1940) on leaf, another on ground nearby) (NSM, cf GTA AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 41

#1872) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, upper Meadow NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Rd. to Canyon, 19 Jul 2001 (ovip. on stem, 09:20 PST) Jarbidge, 2.0 mi. E of Sunflower Rd., 26 Jul 2003 (NSM, GTA #1608) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1932) Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides (Fig. 15) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. var. denticulatus Torr. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit Creek, 4.6 mi. E of Nv 486, 27 Jul 1983 (ovip. Rd., 11.6 mi. N of Yankee Bill Summit, 27 Jul beneath flowers, 10:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #502) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1936) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Rd., 0.8 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 16 Jul Lycaena gorgon gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. nudum Area rd., 4.8 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 6 Jul NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1909) Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1883) NV: Elko Co.; Spruce Mt., 26 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 (no plant coll., GTA) Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1944) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Lycaena heteronea rava Austin, 1998 Area rd., 5.2 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 22 Jul POLYGONACEAE 2003 (ovip. on stem beneath flowers, 09:20 PST) Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides (Fig. 15) (NSM, GTA #1923) NV: Elko Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Crossing NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (ovip. on stem beneath Summit, 19 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., flowers, 11:15 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA, cf GTA #1956) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 0.2 mi. E of Jacks Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak GTA #1560) Rd., 9.1 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 3 Jul 2000 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Crossing Campground, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lycaena heteronea submaculata J. Emmel & Pratt, 1998 Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) POLYGONACEAE NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Hinkey Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) Summit, 12 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., East Sister area, 26 GTA) Jun 1985 (ovip. beneath flowers, 12:30 PST) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. (NSM, GTA #1219) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop Summit, 26 Jul 2001 (ovip. 2X on stem in middle Lycaena helloides helloides (Boisduval, 1852) of plant, 09:15 PST) (NSM, cf GTA #1485) POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Polygonum probably amphibium L. [Polygonum coccineum NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Wildhorse Creek Muhlenb.] Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Lander Co.; Battle Mountain, 5 Aug 1994 (adult GTA) assoc.) (Scott 1992) Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx. Lycaena heteronea rutila Austin, 1998 NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River Valley, 2.0 mi. N POLYGONACEAE of Battle Mountain, 28 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum (Fig. 23) (NSM, GTA #1942) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 8 Jul Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum Coleman 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Comins Lake, 4 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #667) 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1620) Polygonum douglasii Greene NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, upper Kingston NV: Elko Co.; US 93, Little Salmon River Valley, Canyon, 2 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 7 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) #1739) (NSM, GTA #684) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower Kingston Rumex acetosella L. (i) Canyon, 25 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.6 mi. E #1768) of Nv 226, 9 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, #1517) 1.1 mi. E of summit, 20 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) Rumex crispus L. (i) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1739) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 7 Jun 42 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton, 7 Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 27 Jun 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 0.8 mi. E of Harrison Pass, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1682) NV: Eureka Co.; Nv 278, 27.5 mi. S of Elko Co. line, 8 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #689) NV: Humboldt Co.; Quinn River Valley, US 95, 3.7 mi. S of Orovada, 24 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; S side Denio, rd. to east, 0.5 mi. E of Nv 292, 28 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1777) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Smoke Creek Rd., 8.4 mi. W of Pyramid Lake Rd., 29 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #913) NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 mi. N of US 50, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1055) NV: White Pine Co.; US 93, Comins Lake, 22 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; US 50, 2.8 mi. E of Hamilton Rd., 24 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1762) Rumex occidentalis S.Watson* NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1617) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 (ovip. on dead leaf beneath plant, 13:00 PST) Figure 14. Palafoxia arida. (NSM, GTA #1555) Rumex salicifolius J.A.Weinm. var. triangulivalvis (Danser) C.Hitchc. NV: Elko Co.; Independence Valley, Nv 226, 5.9 mi. N of Tuscarora Rd., 27 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1126) ROSACEAE NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., upper Lamoille Canyon, Potentilla anserina L. nr. end of rd., 12 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, just N of GTA #1564) Nye Co. line, 3.8 mi. W of Nv 318, 15 Jul 2001 (ovip. on runner, female walks to base of plant and Lycaena nivalis praetexta Austin, 1998 then out on runner, 10:20 PST; no Rumex seen POLYGONACEAE anywhere in area) (NSM, GTA #1583) Polygonum bistortoides Pursh* NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 0.2 mi. E of Jacks Lycaena castro castro (Reakirt, 1866) Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, ROSACEAE GTA #1561) Potentilla fruticosa L. [Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) Á.Löve; Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O.Schwartz] (Plate 7C) THECLINAE NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, meadow at N of end of rd., 15 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Larval hostplants have been determined for 21 of the 22 species GTA #1364) of hairstreaks that apparently breed in Nevada, including 43 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 43 species of plants (53 butterfly/plant combinations) in nine families 1977 (ovip., hostplant on Prosopis glandulosa) (Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Pinaceae, Polygonaceae, (Austin and Austin 1980) Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Santalaceae). Of these, 23 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, are newly reported for the species of butterfly concerned, two of 14 Sep 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult which, Harkenclenus titus on Amelanchier and Strymon melinus assoc.) (no plant coll., on Prosopis glandulosa, on Parkinsonia, are apparently new at the generic level. Two GTA) additional species of theclines occur in the state as apparent strays. NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 21 Oviposition is not often observed, but many species frequently Oct 1979 (and several subsequent dates) (adult perch on their larval hostplant, and the majority of records assoc.) (no plant coll., on Prosopis glandulosa, presented herein are based upon those associations in the absence GTA) of other nearby potential hostplants. Too few ovipositions were NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Cactus Springs, 10 Jun 1983 seen to make generalizations. (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., on Prosopis glandulosa, GTA) Hypaurotis crysalus intermedia Austin, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun FAGACEAE 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., on Prosopis Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fig. 2) glandulosa, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Highland Spring, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Mormon Ranch nr. 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Warm Springs, 1 Apr 2001 (ovip., hostplant on NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Prosopis pubescens) (no plant coll., BB) Canyon, 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E GTA) of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult assoc., hostplant on Acacia greggii) (NSM, GTA #1575) Habrodais grunus grunus (Boisduval, 1852) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E FAGACEAE of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult assoc., hostplant on Chrysolepis sempervirins (Kellogg) Hjelmq.* Prosopis glandulosa) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon- NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, Spooner Summit Rd., 4 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) Mormon Ranch, 19 Sep 2002 (close adult assoc., (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1736) possible ovip., hostplant on Prosopis pubsecens) Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg (NSM, BB #88) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, 0.5 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass N of Sand Harbor, 12 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) Rd., 8.3 mi. E of US 95, 22 Sep 2003 (adult assoc., (UNLV, GTA) hostplant on Acacia greggii) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, Phoradendron juniperinum A.Gray (on Juniperus osteosperma) Kennedy Point, 19 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 20 Jul (NSMCC, GTA, cf GTA #487) 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 20 Jul 1978 Kennedy Point, 21 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) coll., GTA, cf GTA #487) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Nv 160 at Potosi Mt. NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, Rd., 15 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Kennedy Point, 17 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA) GTA #1567) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, Harkenclenus titus immaculosus (W. P. Comstock, 1913) Kennedy Point, 31 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant ROSACEAE coll., GTA, cf GTA #1567) Amelanchier utahensis Koehne ssp. utahensis** (Plate 7A) Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg x Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. NV: Elko Co.; 8.3 mi. N of Mala Vista Rd., 24 Jul NV: Carson Range, Washoe Co.; Incline Village, 30 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1968 (larvae?) (Thorne 1969) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit Rd., 1.7 mi. S of Yankee Bill Summit, 25 Jul 2003 Atlides halesus cynara (Godman & Salvin, 1887) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1929) SANTALACEAE Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. [Prunus Phoradendron californicum Nutt. (Plate 9C) virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (Nelson) Sarg.] (Fig. 16) NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 17 Apr NV: Elko Co.; Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Powerhouse 1966 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) Campground, 7 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant (no plant coll., on Prosopis glandulosa, GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 5 Mar NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E 1968 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) of Maggie Summit, 28 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no (no plant coll., on Prosopis glandulosa and P. plant coll., GTA) pubescens, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 18 Jul Rd., 0.9 mi. W of Angel Creek Campground Rd., 44 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Crossing Campground, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Brown’s Bench, 11.6 mi. W of US 93, nr. Burnt Creek Spring, W of Cottonwood Creek, 25 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Austin Summit, 21 Aug 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 7 Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Rd., 8100’, 1 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Canyon, 25 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 23 Aug 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek Campground, 29 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 12- 13 mi. W of Nv 487, 18 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Upper Terrace Rd., 4.5 mi. S of US 6, 13 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Creek, 6-7 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Area rd., 3.9 mi. of W Pleasant Valley Rd., 18 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Creek, 1.1 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 18 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Harkenclenus titus occidentalis Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 ROSACEAE Amelanchier utahensis Koehne** (Plate 7A) NV: Humboldt Co.; rd. to Scraper Spring, 13.3 mi. N of Midas Rd., 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. [Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (Nelson) Sarg.] (Fig. 16) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Range, 1.2 mi. S of Hinkey Summit, 12 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 8 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Canyon, 4.2-6.5 mi. W of Nv 400, 11 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 15. Eriogonum heracleoides. NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range. Buena Vista Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Sonoma Range, Sonoma Creek, 11 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 45

NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill Canyon, 5 mi. W of Nv 400, 14 Jul 2000 (adult Summit-Merritt Creek at junction with Sunflower assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1865) Satyrium semiluna maculadistinctum Mattoon & Austin, 1998 FABACEAE Satyrium californica obscurafacies Austin, 1998 Lupinus arbustus Dougl ex Lindl. ASTERACEAE NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, 1 Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata (see following note) Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1233) NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, Limbo Range Rd., NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 4.9 mi. E 3.3 mi. E of Nv 447, 29 Jun 1987 (ovip. on lower of Nv 28, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., surface of leaf, undoubtedly not a larval hostplant, GTA, cf GTA #1885) the only plant nearby that may have been such was NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Mt. Rose area, 25 Purshia tridentata, 16:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Jun 2006 (15 larvae, 1 pupa in rocks and litter #1448) beneath bases of plants) (fide E. Runquist) RHAMNACEAE Lupinus argenteus Pursh* (Plate 8F) Ceanothus velutinus Hook. var. velutinus (Fig. 19) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., S end of Blossom NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 3.8 mi. Canyon, 3 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, N of Harrison Pass, 25 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon Antelope Refuge, 1.4 mi. NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake W of Bald Mountain Summit, 29 Jun 1987 (adult Rd., 0.8 mi. W of Angel Creek Campground, 26 assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1447) Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. meionanthus (A.Gray) Barneby NV: Elko Co.; Independence Range, Jack Creek Rd., (Plate 8F) 4.2 mi. W of North Fork Summit, 27 Jul 1981 NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Snow Valley Peak (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) and ridge to N, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Range, Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. (NSMCC, GTA) E of Maggie Summit, 28 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. lobbii (S.Watson) C.Hitchc.* (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, 1 NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Buckskin Mt., Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Windy Gap to summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) GTA #1568) (no plant coll., GTA) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. ROSACEAE NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Marlette Lake Rd., Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.* (Plate 1B) 2.3 mi. S of Snow Valley Peak Rd., 30 Jun 1981 NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Summit, 10 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Satyrium semiluna semiluna Klots, 1930 NV: Elko Co.; Brown’s Bench, 11.6 mi. W of US 93, FABACEAE nr. Burnt Creek Spring, W of Cottonwood Creek, Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl. 25 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., US 50, 0.8 mi. W of 0.2 mi. E of Jack Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult Pinto Summit, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1559) coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 8 Jul Area rd., 4.8 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 7 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Morey Mine area, #1840) 15 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lupinus argenteus Pursh* (Plate 8F) NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 1.0 mi. E of CA NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek state line, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Campground, 26 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic NV: Elko Co.; 2.6 mi. W of Marys River on rd. to Area rd., 4.8 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 6 Jul Charleston-Deeth Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) 16.2 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult S.L.Welsh]* (Plate 8F) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 9.7 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult GTA #1635) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 46 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Satyrium californica cygnus (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA RHAMNACEAE #1601) Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 0.2 mi. S of Ursine, Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf 25 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #1884) Salix lutea Nutt.* Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 19 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1611) Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Satyrium sylvinus nootka Fisher, 1998 4.9 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no SALICACEAE plant coll., GTA) Salix eastwoodiae A.Heller* NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., 4-5 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) 3.8 mi. E of North Fork Summit, 27 Jul 1981 (adult (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1563) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, 0.5 mi. S of Sand Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) Harbor, 12 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S GTA) of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (secondary adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Peavine Peak Rd., 6.8 mi. W of US (NSM, GTA #1359) 395, 7 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North GTA) Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, plant coll., GTA) 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Fenalon, 6.1 mi. NE of I-80, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, I-80 between exits Independence Creek, 24 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) 1 and 2, S of Verdi, 17 Jun 1988 (adult assoc.) (no (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) ROSACEAE NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. var. tridentata of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (principal adult assoc.) NV: Mineral Co.; Truman Meadows, 8.8 mi. W of (NSM, GTA #1358) Nv 360, 25 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Salix lutea Nutt.* #1218) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit Rd., 1.7 mi. S of Yankee Bill Summit, 25 Jul 2003 Satyrium sylvinus sylvinus (Boisduval, 1852) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1928) SALICACEAE Salix scouleriana Hook.* Satyrium sylvinus megapallidum Austin, 1998 NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 SALICACEAE Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1946) Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, 8 mi. E of Fallon at Satyrium sylvinus putnami (Hy. Edwards, 1877) Wildes Rd., 12 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, SALICACEAE GTA) Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa Lane, 2.3 NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at mi. W of US 395, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Centerville Rd., 1.6 NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Caliente, 22 mi. E of Nv 206, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Caliente, 22 NV: Elko Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 229, 1.7 mi. S of Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) I-80, 15 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 29 Jul NV: Eureka Co.; Humboldt River, Dunphy, 13 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 22 NV: Eureka Co.; Humboldt River, Dunphy, 13 Jul Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Cow Canyon, 6 Aug NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 789, 6.0 mi. 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NE of Golconda, 12 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland plant coll., GTA) Mine Rd., 1.5 mi. E of Nv 376, 21 Jul 2001 (adult NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mountain, 13 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 20.7 mi. S of GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 47

Mountain, 7 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River Valley, 2.0 mi. N of Battle Mountain, 28 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1941) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Fernley Canal, 11 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Nv 208, 0.5 mi. W of junction with Mason Rd., 22 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Miller Lane, 3.3 mi. E of US 95A, 23 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; East Walker River Rd., 6.1 mi. E of Nv 338, 30 Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Fernley Canal, 30 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, end of Manha Lane, 0.8 mi. N of Pete Henrich Rd., 18 Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1535) NV: Lyon Co.; East Walker River, junction of Nv 338 and rd. to Hawthorne, 29 Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 16. Prunus virginiana. NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt River, 4.0 mi. W of Imlay, 6 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball* NV: Humboldt Co.; rd. to McDermitt, 9.2 mi. W of Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Greeley Crossing Rd., 4 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) GTA #1884) (NSM, GTA #1903) Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 19 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Mottsville Lane, Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1.0 mi. W of Nv 88, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, upper Kings (NSM, GTA #1650) Canyon, Kings Canyon-Spooner Summit Rd., 4 NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #460) 4.9 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1981 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Satyrium tetra (W. H. Edwards, 1870) GTA) ROSACEAE NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. (Plate 1B) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1981 (and several NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 7 subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett NV: Lyon Co.; SE slope of McClellan Peak, 31 Jul Creek, 18 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Peavine Peak Rd., 6.8 mi. W of US NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 395, 7 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 9 Aug 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Satyrium saepium saepium (Boisduval, 1852) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 4 RHAMNACEAE Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Creek, 4 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Montreal Canyon, Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 5 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) 48 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 9000’, 29 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E GTA) of Nv 28, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson GTA) Canyon, 3 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Mt. Rose ski area, #644) East Bowl, 31 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson coll., GTA) Canyon, 25 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Ceanothus velutinus Hook. var. velutinus (Fig. 19) #1484) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 Ceanothus greggii A.Gray Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1943) UT: Washington Co.; Pine Valley Mts., Leeds Creek Rd., 7 mi. W of Leeds, 19 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) Satyrium saepium provo (Watson & W. P. Comstock, 1920) (NSM, GTA #1008) RHAMNACEAE Ceanothus martinii M.E.Jones* (Plate 10A) Callipsyche behrii behrii (W. H. Edwards, 1870) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 12- ROSACEAE 13 mi. W of Nv 487, 18 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. var. tridentata (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 19 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Summit, 19 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett #1957) Creek, 18 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Harrison Pass, 14 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 18 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., 1.0 mi. SW of Rd., 0.9 mi. W of Angel Creek Campground Rd., Holbrook Station off US 395, 30 Jul 1990 (adult 16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Rd., 2.2 mi. W of Angel Creek Campground Rd., Creek, 31 Jul 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass, 21 Aug NV: Douglas Co.; Kingsbury Grade, 4.1 mi. W of Nv 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1680) 206, 19 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Satyrium saepium obscurafuscum Austin, 1998 NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek at RHAMNACEAE Rickey Mine Rd., 22 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek Rd., NV: Lyon Co.; SE slope of McClellan Peak, 31 Jul 4.2 mi. W of North Fork Summit, 27 Jul 1981 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Eldorado Canyon NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E rd. at CA state line, 18 Jun 1996 (adult assoc.) (no of Maggie Summit, 28 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., upper Desert Creek, NV: Elko Co.; Elk Mountain, 8 Aug 1990 (adult 29 Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Canyon, 20 NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Buckskin Mt., Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Windy Gap, 13 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 4 coll., GTA) Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ceanothus velutinus Hook. var. velutinus (Fig. 19) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Thomas Canyon, 30 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1888) 2.1 mi. N of Sunflower Rd., 27 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1938) Callipsyche behrii columbia McDunnough, 1944 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., ROSACEAE 5.5 mi. N of Sunflower Rd., 27 Jul 2003 (adult Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 4.4 mi. W of rd. to Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no Satyrium saepium latalinea Austin & Savage, 1998 plant coll., GTA) RHAMNACEAE NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 2.2 mi. E of CA Ceanothus martinii M.E.Jones* (Plate 10A) state line, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 49

Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. var. tridentata nr. Burnt Creek Spring, W of Cottonwood Creek, NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, Selenite Range 25 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., summit, 4.6 mi. E of Nv 447, 3 Jul 2003 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Spruce Mountain, 26 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1895) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., Callipsyche behrii kali (Strecker, 1878) 9.7 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult ROSACEAE assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 22 Jun 6.9 mi. N of Sunflower Rd., 27 Jul 2003 (adult 1968 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Lynch Canyon, 20 NV: Esmeralda Co.; Lida Summit, 28 May 1979 (2 Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) larvae) (fide J. Brock) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 8 Jul NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, Lida, 4 Jun 1992 (adult 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 1 NV: Lincoln Co.; Oak Springs Summit, ca. 10 mi. W Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Caliente 6200’, 3 Jul 1969 (ovip. on stem, 07:50 NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, San Juan Creek, 4 Aug PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. var. glandulosa (Curran) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Washington Canyon, 4 M.E.Jones Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Cottonwood Canyon, Canyon, 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 4 Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA, cf GTA #311) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Canyon, 5 NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., 2.5 mi. E of Strozzi Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ranch, 16 Jun 1984 (ovip. on small branch near top NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Marysville Canyon, 6 of shrub, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #986) Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. var. tridentata NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Cow Canyon, 6 Aug NV: Mineral Co.; Truman Meadows, 8.8 mi. W of 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Nv 360, 25 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 5 #1218) Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Callipsyche behrii crossi Field, 1938 Creek, 15 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., ROSACEAE GTA) Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek Campground, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant Campground, 26 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E Creek, 2-6 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul of Maggie Summit, 28 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake Worthington Canyon, 2.4 mi. E of Duck Creek Rd., Rd., 2.2 mi. W of Angel Creek Campground Rd., 22 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of Ministrymon leda (W. H. Edwards, 1882) Pequop Summit, 16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no FABACEAE plant coll., GTA) Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) NV: Elko Co.; Spruce Mt., Spruce Well Rd., 8.3 mi. M.Johnston (Fig. 29) E of US 93, 17 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 12 Jul coll., GTA) 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 18 Jul Campground, 6 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1977 (adult assoc., no indication of association coll., GTA) with Prosopis pubescens) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 9 May Summit, 10 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 1 NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.8 mi. E Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Nv 226, 11 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 24 Jun coll., GTA) 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Brown’s Bench, 11.6 mi. W of US 93, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun 50 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 13 Jun Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. sulcatum (S.Watson) 1987 (adult assoc., not seen associated with Munz & Reveal (Plate 3F) Prosopis pubescens) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wilson Pass, 29 Mar NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Indian Springs, 4 Jun 1992 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2-3 mi. N of Red Cloud NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun Mine, 5 Apr 1978 (and several subsequent dates) 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 20 May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Callophrys comstocki interrupta Austin, 1998 NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1983 POLYGONACEAE (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. (Plate 3F) NV: Nye Co.; Pahrump Valley, Nv 372, 0.2 mi. E of NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5.6 mi. W CA state line, 28 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant of Frenchman, 1 May 1980 (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Pahrump Valley, Mesquite Rd., 9 Jun NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., Cox Canyon, 17 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 3.1 mi. W Callophrys affinis affinis (W. H. Edwards, 1862) of Frenchman, 5 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant POLYGONACEAE coll., GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5.5 mi. W NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, 1.8 mi. W of Frenchman, 5 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant of Austin Summit, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5.5 mi. W NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, ridge above Birch of Frenchman, 27 Apr 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant Creek, 30 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, US 95, 9.0 mi. S of NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Shurtz, 3 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Rd., 8000’, 20 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Excelsior Mts., Douglas Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak 4.3 mi. W of Mina, 6 May 1981 (adult assoc.) Rd., 9.6 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 7 Jun 1985 (adult (NSMCC, GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, US 6, 5 mi. W of Five 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mile Spring, 6400’, 8 Jul 1969 (adult assoc., NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak possible larva of this species on underside of leaf) Rd., 8700’, 8 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant (fide J. F. Emmel) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Creek Campground, 12 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant Callophrys comstocki comstocki Henne, 1940 coll., GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 6 May Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. (Plate 3F) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; N end of Sheep Mt., E of Jean, 10 NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 447, 25 mi. N of Gerlach, 7 Jun Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4 mi. S of Goldfield Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. dichrocephalum Gand. (Plate Summit, 18 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 4A) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.7 mi. S of Rd., 4.8 mi. W of Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 Elgin, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1851) GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; East Mormon Mts., rd. to Callophrys lemberti Tilden, 1963 microwave towers, 0.5 mi. S of end of rd., 31 Mar POLYGONACEAE 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. argense (M.E.Jones) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Rickey Mine area, Munz (Plate 3F) N base and trail to East Sister, 24 May 1984 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., rd. to Strozzi Ranch, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 16.7 mi. W of US 95, 11 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) (NSM, GTA #528) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., East Sister area, 26 NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Strozzi Ranch, 11 Apr Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1219) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 51

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. umbellatum (Plate 4A) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon at Mack’s NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 1.1 mi. E Canyon Rd., 23 Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant of Mt. Rose Summit, 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #488) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 13 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Cisincisalia spinetorum spinetorum (Hewitson, 1867) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud SANTALACEAE Mine, 15 Apr 1979 (and several subsequent dates) Arceuthobium sp. (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Pine Creek NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun Campground, 8000’, 4 Aug 1967 (larva) (fide J. F. 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #343) Emmel) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2.3 mi. SW of Wheeler Arceuthobium campylopodium Engelm. (on Pinus) Pass, 9 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, GTA) 18 Jul 1964 (8 larvae) (fide O. Shields) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Clark Canyon, 4.2 mi. E NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, of Wheeler Pass Rd., 9 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no 20 Jul 1964 (larvae) (fide O. Shields) plant coll., GTA) Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelm. (on Pinus monophylla) NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Deadman Canyon to NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock Summit Rd., 2.1 mi. E of Wiregrass Spring, 13 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no Lowell Wash, 28 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon Rd., 1.4 NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Den Creek, 9 Jul mi. E of Trout Canyon Rd., 13 Apr 1994 (adult 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) #1734) NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., Oak Springs NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, 5-6 Summit, 0.5 mi. S of US 93, 2 Jun 1978 (adult mi. W of Nv 338, 30 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (no assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1740) NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 10.6 mi. W of US 93, 4 Jun 1978 (adult Mitoura nelsoni nelsoni (Boisduval, 1869) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) CUPRESSACEAE NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., 2 mi. E of Acoma, 4 Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Spooner-Kings NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 1.7 mi. S of Canyon Rd., 9.4 mi. N of US 50, 6 Jun 1980 Elgin, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6 mi. E of Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant Oak Springs Summit, 12 May 1983 (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, I-80, between exits NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., 5.1 mi. N of 1 and 2, 26 Jun 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., summit, 7 mi. W of Elgin-Carp Rd., 5 Jun 1983 GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Mine, 11.0 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (adult (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 9-10 Mitoura siva clenchi K. Johnson, 1988 mi. W of US 95, 10 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no CUPRESSACEAE plant coll., GTA) Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little (Plate 2C, Fig. 18) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2.0 mi. E of Mt. Springs Mitoura siva chalcosiva (Clench, 1981) Summit, 24 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., CUPRESSACEAE GTA) Juniperus occidentalis Hook. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Apr NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, Limbo Range Rd., 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 4.3 mi. E of Nv 447, 9 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 27 Apr plant coll., GTA) 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Hays Canyon Rd., 12 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., mi. W of Nv 34, 8 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant 2.1 mi. E of Lovell Wash, 28 Apr 1977 (adult coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Hays Canyon Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Mt. Rd. at 10.9 mi. W of Nv 34, 1 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Pahrump Rd., 2 Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon Antelope Refuge, Nv 52 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

34A, 1.4 mi. W of Bald Mt. Summit, 29 Jun 1987 GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Shoshone Mts., Mill Creek, 21 Jul Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little (Plate 2C, Fig. 18) 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 4 May 1984 NV: Lander Co.; Shoshone Mts., Ravenswood, 21 Jul (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Range, War Canyon NV: Lincoln Co.; Schell Creek Range, Patterson Pass Rd., 3.1 mi. N of Clan Alpine Ranch, 25 Jun 1982 Rd., 1-2 mi. W of US 93, 3 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., 2 mi. N of Buffalo NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson Pass, 16 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ranch, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Risue Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., Bristol Mine Rd., 3.3 4.8 mi. W of Desert Creek Rd., 4 Jun 1981 (adult mi. W of US 93, 31 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Campground, 7 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant Canyon, 25 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 0.2 mi. S of Ursine, Pequop Summit, 6 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant 25 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson NV: Elko Co.; 2.8 mi. S of Pequop-Spruce Mt. Pass, Rd., 1.7 mi. E of US 93, 26 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) 9 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 6.7 mi. NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson W of Harrison Pass, 25 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Rd., 2.7 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 24 Jun 1984 (adult plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Cedar Ridge, 7-9 mi. W of NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3-4 Jiggs, 19 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., mi. SE of Dayton, 17 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Toana Mts., Silver Zone Basin, 24 NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 5.8 mi. N May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Sweetwater Summit, 1 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Lida Summit, 12 Jun 1978 (adult (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; 0.5 mi. W of Silver City, 15 Jun 1980 NV: Esmeralda Co.; Kline Springs Rd at Nv 3, 12 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, 5-6 NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 7-9 mi. W of Nv 338, 8 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no mi. W of Nv 264, 11 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Lucky Boy Grade, 2.5 mi. N of Nv NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, 31, 13 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 18 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Roberts Creek, 10 Jul NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, rd. 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) toward Summit Spring, ca. 5 mi. E of junction, 19 NV: Eureka Co.; US 50, 1.2 mi. W of White Pine Co. Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) line, 19 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 29 Jul GTA) 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., Newark Canyon, 4.7 NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, 2.3-4.3 mi. W of mi. E of Nv 46, 20 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Cherry Creek Summit, 28 May 1979 (adult assoc.) plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., US 50, 0.8 mi. W of NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 16 Jun Pinto Summit, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Stoneberger Canyon, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 5.4 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult 11 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 17 Jun NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Dobbin Creek Rd., 9.0 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. SE of Potts, 19 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., plant coll., GTA) 16.8 mi. E of Nv 376, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, (no plant coll., GTA) 29 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., 0.5 mi. E of Buffalo NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 9 Jul Pass, 4 Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 53

NV: Nye Co.; Paradise Range, Nv 844, 0.3 mi. E of NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Upper Terrace Green Springs Summit, 17 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) Rd., 4.5 mi. S of US 6, 13 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., 4 mi. E of Ione, 17 Jun Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little x Juniperus occidentalis 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Hook. NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., Becker Creek, 4-5 mi. NV: Washoe Co.; Reno and vicinity westward (adult W of Reese River Rd., 17 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (Johnson 1978) (no plant coll., GTA) Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, San Juan Creek, 17 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge-Big Bend Campground Rd., Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 10.6 mi. E of Waterloo Summit, Meadow Creek, NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Creek, 4 Jul 25 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Jarbidge Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Moores Creek Rd., Jarbidge Campground, 25 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) 0.3 mi. W of Moores Creek Summit, 5 Jul 1991 (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Pershing Co.; East Range, Willow Creek, 28 Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) May 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1863) NV: Storey Co.; Virginia Range, 3.4 mi. N of NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Ponds, Cottonwood Springs, 16 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) 26 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 29 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 5.7 mi. W of rd. to Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1892) NV: White Pine Co.; nr. McGill Junction (adult assoc.) (Johnson 1978) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek Campground, 19 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, US 6, Powderhouse Canyon, 17 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Ward Mt. ski area, 17 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, jct. Timber Creek Rd. and Duck Creek Rd., 18 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River Rd., 12.9 mi. W of US 6, 19 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., Little Currant Creek Rd., 2.4 mi. N of Nye Co. line, 17 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Indian Creek, 2 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Creek Campground, 23 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Diamond Mts., 2.0 mi. E of Railroad Pass, 19 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Cherry Creek Range, Golden Butte Mine Rd., 0.5-2.0 mi. N of mine, 21 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 17. Eriogonum umbellatum. NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., Ellison Guard Station Rd., 1.2 mi. NW of US 6, 7 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 54 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Ponds, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek, 1.3 4 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. N of Jack Creek Campground, 11 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Deciduphagus iroides iroides (Boisduval, 1852) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 9.8 mi. E RHAMNACEAE of Nv 226, 9 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Elko Co.; Nv 11, 2.6 mi. N of Nv 11A, 27 May 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 19 May 1981 (adult assoc.) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Nv 11, 10.5 mi. N of Nv 11A, 27 May NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 4.1 mi. W of Nv 206, 3 May 1984 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 1.5 mi. (no plant coll., GTA) S of Thomas Canyon Campground, 14 Jun 2003 NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 29 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1848) May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 6 May Deciduphagus fotis fotis (Strecker, 1878) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) ROSACEAE NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis Purshia mexicana (D. Don) S.L.Welsh var. stansburyana (Torr.) Creek Park, 19 May 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant S.L.Welsh (Plate 8A) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Whitney Ranch Rd., 1.5 NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, mi. W of Whitney Pass, 15 Apr 1981 (adult assoc.) 25 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 29 Mar Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 12 Apr 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Deciduphagus iroides concava (Austin, 1998) NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Devil’s Cove, 1.0 mi. SE of RHAMNACEAE Gold Butte Rd., 13 Mar 2003 (adult assoc.) (no Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) plant coll., GTA)

Figure 18. Juniperus osteosperma. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 55

Deciduphagus fotis mojavensis (Austin, 1998) plant coll., GTA) ROSACEAE NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 5 Purshia mexicana (D. Don) S.L.Welsh var. stansburyana (Torr.) May 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) S.L.Welsh (Plate 8A) NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 7.4 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., W of US 95, 17 Apr 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant 0.6 mi. S of Nv 160, 16 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Queen City Summit, 6 Jun 1995 (larva) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., (fide J. Brock) 1.5-2.1 mi. E of Lovell Wash, 24 Apr 1977 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Nv 318, Gap Mountain, 11.4 mi. N of assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Lincoln Co. line, 30 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 27 Apr plant coll., GTA) 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Apr Campground, 11 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud Mine, 5 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Incisalia eryphon eryphon (Boisduval, 1852) GTA) PINACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. E of Mt. Springs Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.* Summit, 13 May 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Carson City; Carson Range, 2.3 mi. N of US 50 GTA) at Spooner Summit, 14 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., White Rock Spring, 24 plant coll., GTA) Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 20 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Trout Canyon, 13 Apr May 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon Rd., 1.4 Washoe Co. line, 25 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no mi. E of Trout Canyon Rd., 13 Apr 1994 (adult plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, lower Kings NV: Clark Co.; 5.7 mi. NW of Goodsprings, 6 Jun Canyon, 15 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1999 (larva) (fide J. Brock) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Potosi Mountain Rd., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 3.9 mi. W of Nv 160, 11 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 10 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4 mi. S of Goldfield NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Summit, 18 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 2.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 21 May 1984 (adult assoc.) GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.7 mi. S of NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis Elgin, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (principal adult assoc.) GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek, 25 Oak Spring Summit, 27 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no May 1984 (principal adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 5 NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., Carp-Elgin Rd., 5.1 May 1987 (principal adult assoc.) (no plant coll., mi. N of summit, 6 mi. W of Elgin Rd., 23 Apr GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pinus lambertiana Douglas* NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., US 93, 12.5 mi. N of NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis Pioche, 12 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Plate 2D, Fig. 8) Canyon, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek, 25 GTA) May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, 5 Mine, 15.5 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (adult May 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pinus washoensis H. Mason & Stockw.* NV: Lincoln Co.; Pioche, 22 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek, 25 (no plant coll., GTA) May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 0.6 mi. N of Ursine, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Incisalia eryphon pallescens Austin, 1998 NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, 5.3 mi. PINACEAE S of Mina Rd., 25 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (no Pinus flexilis James 56 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak plant coll., GTA) Campground, 19 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.4 mi. E of coll., GTA) Carroll Summit, 16 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Wheeler Peak plant coll., GTA) Rd., 8500’, 29 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lander Co.; Shoshone Mts., Ravenswood, 4.5- coll., GTA) 6.5 mi. W of Nv 305, 18 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.* (Plate 1B, 2C) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 4 May 1984 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 26 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Range, War Canyon, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Burnd Creek, 26 3.1 mi. N of Clan Alpine Ranch, 25 Jun 1982 May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., 3.3 mi. W of Rd., 7000’, 20 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant Carroll Summit, 16 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Buffalo Pass Rd., Canyon, 17 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 8.9 mi. S from Nv 722, 4 Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3-4 NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., rd. to Ruby Hill mi. SE of Dayton, 17 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no Mine, 22 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; 0.8 mi. W of Silver City, 8 May 1980 NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 0.3 mi. N of Risue Canyon Rd., 3 Jun 1981 NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 21 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 5.1 mi. N Pequop Summit, 6 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant of Sweetwater Summit, 28 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Garden Canyon, 28 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, 1 mi. 18 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) S of Rickey Mine Rd., 4 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Eureka Co.; Monitor Range, Wallace Canyon, (no plant coll., GTA) 7.6 mi. W of South Fork Pass, 20 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, 0.5 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. S of Jackass Creek Rd., 4 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Eureka Co.; Monitor Range, Allison Creek, 4.4 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. W of Nv 82, 20 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Grove Hills, Pine Grove Canyon, plant coll., GTA) 7 mi. W of Nv 3C to summit, 5 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 1.9 mi. S of Pinto assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pass, 20 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., East Sister area, 26 GTA) Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Jun NV: Lyon Co.; Wellington Hills, Desert Creek Rd., 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 5-7 mi. SW of Nv 338, 4 May 1987 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 4.4 mi. E of (no plant coll., GTA) Churchill Co. line, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Mineral Co.; Lucky Boy Grade, 2.5 mi. W of Nv plant coll., GTA) 31, 13 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, GTA) 7.1 mi. E of summit, 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak Rd., plant coll., GTA) 0.6 mi. N of Lucky Boy Grade, 21 Jun 1978 (adult NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 16.8 mi. E of Nv 376, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Nv 2C, 5.0 mi. W (no plant coll., GTA) of US 95, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., GTA) 0.8 mi. E of Petes Summit, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Mineral Co.; Anchorite Hills, Nv 339, 1.2 mi. E assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Anchorite Pass, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.1 mi. E of plant coll., GTA) Carroll Summit, 2 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Mineral Co.; White Mts., US 6, 1.4 mi. E of coll., GTA) Montgomery Pass, 27 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 3.2 plant coll., GTA) mi. W of Nv 376, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 5 Jul AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 57

1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., Union Canyon, 9.8 mi. NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Creek, 4 Jul E of Nv 844, 18 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 5 Jul NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 7.2 mi. E of Nyala Rd., 16 Jun 1980 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Marysville Canyon, 5 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Aug 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun NV: Storey Co.; Virginia Range, 3.4 mi. N of 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Cottonwood Springs, 16 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Creek, 5.8 mi. (no plant coll., GTA) N of campground, 17 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 24 Jun plant coll., GTA) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Wall Canyon, 17 Jun NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, 0.5 mi. N of Lyon Co. line, 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 29 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Stoneberger Canyon, NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 23 Jun 5.4 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Ikes Canyon, 3.1-4.0 Campground, 29 Jun 1978 (principal adult assoc.) mi. W of Nv 82, 19 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, US 6, NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Dobbin Creek Rd., 9.0 Powderhouse Canyon, 17 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) mi. SW of Potts, 19 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Indian NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, Creek, 5.1 mi. E of US 93, 18 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Telegraph Canyon Rd., 2.5 mi. W of Monte Neva Hot Springs Rd., 18 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River Rd., 11.2 mi. W of US 6, 19 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., Little Currant Creek Rd., 2.4 mi. N of Nye Co. line, 17 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek Campground, 8 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Indian Creek, 2 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve Creek, 23 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Figure 19. Ceanothus velutinus. Creek Campground to summit, 24 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Cherry Creek Range, canyon 29 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2.5 mi. W of Cherry Creek, 21 Jun 1991 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Morey Mine area, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 15 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; southern Ruby Mts., rd. towards NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 27 Apr Little Bald Mountain, 1.9 mi. W of Long Valley 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd. (to Ruby Lake), 30 May 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; Paradise Range, Nv 844, 0.3 mi. E of (no plant coll., GTA) Green Springs Summit, 17 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Plate 2D, Fig. 8) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., Becker Creek Canyon, Campground, 29 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant 4-5 mi. W of Reese River Rd., 17 Jun 1991 (adult coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, San Juan Creek, 17 58 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Strymon melinus pudica (Hy. Edwards, 1876) of blues in Nevada, including 113 species of plants (222 butterfly/ FABACEAE plant combinations) in six families, particularly Fabaceae and Parkinsonia sp.* (i) Polygonaceae. Of these, 106 are newly reported for the species NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Decatur Avenue at Vegas of butterfly in question, and encompass 12 new generic records Drive, 16 Mar 2004 (ovip. on cultivated plant) (no (Brephidium on Allenrolfea, Bassia, Cycloloma, Kochia, and plant coll., BB) Nitrophila; Leptotes on Lupinus and Mimosa; Icaricia shasta on Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh Eriogonum; Icaricia texanus on Oxytropis; Hemiargus on Dalea, (Plate 8F) and Melilotus; and Echinargus on Oxytropis) and one new NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon family (Polygonaceae for P. shasta). Hostplants are more readily Campground, 12 Jul 2001 (larva, pupated 16 Jul, determined for polyommatines than for species of other lycaenids; em. 24 Jul 2001) (NSM, BB) females are relatively obvious in their behavior, associations are NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon often unequivocal, and larvae may be located fairly readily within Campground, 22 Jul 2001 (larva, pupated 29 Jul, inflorescences. Eggs are largely placed on reproductive parts of em. 8 Aug 2001) (NSM, BB) plants (83%), with 63% of these on flower buds. Other plant parts NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, Old used include stems (8%, most often just beneath inflorescences), Town, 25 Jul 2001 (larva, pupated 1 Aug, em. 23 leaves and their petioles (8%, often on plants without reproductive Aug 2001) (NSM, BB) parts), and fruit (2%). Oviposition takes place throughout the day, Melilotus alba Medikus (i) (Fig. 20) but mostly in the morning (72%), especially between 09:00 and NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul 12:00 PST (62% of total ovipositions). 1984 (ovip. on flower head, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1080) Brephidium exilis exilis (Boisduval, 1852) NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, Bellevue Rd., just AMARANTHACEAE E of US 395, 7 Aug 2001 (ovip. among flowers, Allenrolfea occidentalis (S.Watson) Kuntze** 09:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1660) NV: Churchill Co.; 2.3 mi. S of Salt Wells, 28 Aug POLYGONACEAE 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. var. nilesii Reveal* NV: Churchill Co.; 2.3 mi. S of Salt Wells, 25 Aug NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Whitney Mesa at Sunset 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #599) Rd., 7 Oct 1983 (larva on flower head, pupated 10 NV: Clark County, Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, Oct 1983, em. 31 Oct 1983) (NSM, GTA #742) Mormon Ranch, 10 Apr 2000 (adult assoc.) (no Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum (Fig. 23) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; US 395, Anderson Siding opposite NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 34, 9.0 mi. N of Nv 447, 8 Red Rock Rd., 5 Aug 2002 (full grown larva on Aug 2001 (ovip. 2X on terminal stem, 08:35 PST) flower head) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1735) (NSM, GTA #1662) Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Plate 3D) Tidestrom]* NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, N side NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 15 mi. NNW of of Moapa River opposite dairy, 7 Apr 1977 (and Winnemucca, 25 Aug 2001 (3 larvae reared to many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA, adult) (fide J. Wolfe) BB, cf BB #87) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes* (Plate NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs Ranch, 4A) 15 May 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 3 Aug assoc.) (NSM, GTA, BB, cf BB #87) 2001 (larva on flower head, pupated, em. 2 Sep NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon, 4.8 mi. 2001) (NSM, BB) E of Nv 160, 17 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1002) Strymon melinus setonia McDunnough, 1927 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep POLYGONACEAE 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum elatum Benth. (Fig. 23) NV: Clark Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 1 mi. N of NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., 4.8 mi. S of Farrier, 3 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Hinkey Summit, 12 Aug 1981 (close adult assoc.) GTA) (NSMCC, GTA, cf GTA #1441) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 22 Jun Eriogonum strictum Benth. var. proliferum (Torr. & A.Gray) 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1547) Reveal* NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 20 Aug NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse 2002 (ovip.) (NSM, BB #72) Crossing Campground, 24 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Sep (NSM, GTA #1927) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 3.8 mi. S of Goldfield POLYOMMATINAE Summit, 25 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1467) Larval hostplants have been documented for 29 of the 30 species NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1984 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 59

(adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #357) GTA #1749) Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. ssp. linearis (S.Watson) NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul H.M.Hall & Clem. 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1578, 1579) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 28 Aug NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Sink, Nv 387, 1.8 mi. N 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Nv 860, 29 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Churchill Co.; I-80, 1.9 mi. N of Lyon Co. line, #1779) 3 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Sulphur-Jungo Rd., 26.4 mi. W of NV: Clark Co.; several locations, many dates (adult Sulphur, 13 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 8 Apr NV: Washoe Co.; Smoke Creek Rd., 19.0 mi. S of 1977 (and numerous subsequent dates) (adult Nv 447, 14 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Wash, 30 Apr 1977 (adult Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S.Watson* assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 9.3 mi. S of US 95, 5 Sep 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA US 95, 1 May 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) #1695) NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1.8 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1-2 mi. W of Nv 160, 28 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Logandale, 4 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA GTA) #1784) NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Cactus Springs, 10 Jun 1983 Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. (i) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark County, Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, NV: Lyon Co.; along Carson River on rd. to Ft. Mormon Ranch, 10 Apr 2000 (adult assoc.) (no Churchill, nr. Pigeon Rock, 4300’, 13 Jun 1978 plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (fide F. Ryser) Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze** (i) NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 3 Sep 1981 NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 447, Squaw Creek, 10 Aug (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2002 (ovip. on buds, 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frém.) S.Watson* #1753) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Triple T Ranch, 9 Chenopodium album L. (i) Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1071) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, N side Atriplex hymenelytra (Torr.) S.Watson of Moapa River opposite dairy, 17 Apr 2001 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 18 Mar 1988 (adult (ovip.) (NSM, BB, GTA #1570) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; US 50, 13.0. mi. E of Lander Co. Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Watson ssp. lentiformis line, 28 Aug 1984 (ovip. 3X on flower head, 12:20 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Valley, East Las Vegas, PST) (NSM, GTA #1138) 14 May 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Chenopodium murale L.* (i) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E NV: Elko Co.; US 93, Little Salmon River Valley, of US 95, 5 Sep 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 7 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) #1694) (NSM, GTA #682) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1-2 mi. W of Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) J.M.Coult.** (i) Logandale, 4 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Churchill Co.; US 95, 11 mi. S of US 50 at #1783) Fallon, 23 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 11.8 mi. N of #1100) Nv 168, 17 Sep 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C. Meyer (i) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; US 93A, 2.2 mi. SW of Wendover, 5 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, bank of Sep 1983 (adult assoc., huge population of Muddy River at bridge, 28 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) butterflies) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1783) NV: Elko Co.; 3.0 mi. S of Currie, 23 Aug 2001 NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 0.8 mi. N of Beatty, 6 Sep 1984 (ovip. on terminal buds, 12:55 PST) (NSM, GTA (ovip. on seeds, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1175) #1689) Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Watson ssp. torreyi (S.Watson) NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, Quinn River Crossing, H.M.Hall & Clem. [Atriplex torreyi (S.Watson) S.Watson) 28 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1778) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., 27.1 mi. N of NV: Mineral Co.; US 6, 4.0 mi. E of CA state line, 15 Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) #1667) NV: Nye Co.; Warm Springs, 20 Sep 1973 (adult NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., 32.7 mi. N of assoc.) (Scott 1986b) Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul GTA) 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1580) NV: Lyon Co.; just N of Weber Reservoir, along NV: Pershing Co.; Eugene Mts., SW corner, 4900’, Walker River, 7 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 12 Aug 1977 (adult assoc.) (fide F. Ryser) 60 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader** (i) NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt Co.; rd. to Midas, 5.6 mi. NE of Golconda, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1770) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1770) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, Hiko Junction, 12 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1355) NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 (ovip. on terminal flower cluster, 09:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1182) Nitrophila occidentalis (Nutt.) Moq.** NV: Humboldt Co.; Sulphur, 9 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1750) Salsola spp. (probably including S. tragus L. and S. paulsenii Litv.) (i) NV: Carson City; Carson River, E of Prison Hill, 1 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 28 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50A, 2.0 mi. N of US 50, 23 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; many locations, many dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 22 Jun 1966 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 8 Apr 1977 (and numerous subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Wash, 30 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Mormon Farm, 30 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, 4 May 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; 0.5 mi. E of Blue Diamond, 22 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 20. Melilotus alba. NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Mormon Farm, 4 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 25 Oct GTA) 1987 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Lincoln Co.; White River Valley, 6.7 mi. N of (no plant coll., GTA) Hiko, 12 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 27 Oct GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 2.9 mi. N of Panaca NV: Douglas Co.; Nv 206, 1.2 mi. S of Genoa, 6 Sep junction, 22 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 23 Aug NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93 at Miller Point Rd., 27 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Nv 224, 1.2 NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 1.5 mi. E of Panaca, 3 Sep mi. S of US 6, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.5 mi. N. NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 27 May of Farrier, 3 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; 0.5 mi. S of Paradise Valley, 13 NV: Lincoln Co.; Rachel, 5 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.6 mi. W of US NV: Lyon Co.; Nv 208, 0.5 mi. W of Mason Rd., 22 95, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 61

NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 3 Sep 1981 NV: Churchill Co.; S side of Dry Lake, S of Blow (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sand Mountain, 7 Aug 2002 (ovip. on upper part of NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A, 2.7 mi. E of Fernley, 7 Sep plant, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1747) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; several locations, many dates (adult NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, 3.6 mi. S of Schurz, 20 Sep assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Arden at Charleston Blvd, NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, Sodaville, 24 Aug 1983 18 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Wash, 30 Apr 1977 (adult NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, Walker Lake, Sportsman assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Beach, 7 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 4 May GTA) 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; Pahrump Valley, 3 mi. N of Pahrump, (no plant coll., GTA) 7 Oct 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, 1.0 mi. E of Overton, NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 9 Jun 1983 (adult 4 May 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 15 NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.5 mi. S of Springdale, 12 Sep May 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 9 Oct NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul 1977 (larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 22 Jun NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 0.8 mi. N of Beatty, 6 Sep 1984 2000 (ovip. 2X on stem at leaf petiole juncture, (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1545) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 15 Aug 1988 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 22 Jun assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2000 (ovip. on bud, 10:05 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Amargosa Valley, Amargosa Farms, #1545) 18 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., hot spring, NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 400, 0.5 mi. N of Star Creek 13.0 mi. N of Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (ovip. on fruit, Canyon Rd., 12 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant 10:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1668) coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Nv 360 at US 95, 31 Aug 2002 NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, S side of (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1781) Lund, Cementary Rd., 11 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 0.8 mi. N of Beatty, 6 Sep 1984 (no plant coll., GTA) (ovip. 2X on buds, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA Salsola paulsenii Litv.* (i) (Plate 3C) #1176, 1177) NV: Mineral Co.; US 6, 4.0 mi. E of CA state line, 15 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 15 Aug 1988 (ovip. on Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1975) fruits, 10:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #1490) NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 0.3 mi. N of Beatty, 7 Jul 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Leptotes marina (Reakirt, 1868) NV: Pershing Co.; rd. to Rabbithole, Rocky Canyon, FABACEAE 20.0 mi. N of Nv 399, 10 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) Acacia greggii A.Gray (Plate 8B) (NSM, GTA #1670) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 8 Jun Salsola tragus L. [Salsola iberica Sennen & Paul; Salsola kali L.] 1977 (ovip. at base of flower buds) (Austin and (i) Austin 1980) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 9.5 mi. E of Bottle NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Tule Springs, 8 Creek Rd., 11 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Jun 1977 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, 5077 Eugene Ave., 11 NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 2.5 mi. May 1987 (ovip. 3X on early flower buds, 11:30 E of US 93, 8 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA PST) (NSM, GTA #1406) #1964) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, 5077 Eugene Ave., 10 NV: Lincoln Co.; Miller Point Rd. at US 93, 8 Sep May 2001 (ovip. 4X on early flower buds, 11:05 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA PST) (no plant coll., GTA) #1964) Lupinus argenteus Pursh** (Plate 8F) NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 8 (ovip. among flowers, 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA Jul 1987 (ovip. 2X on unopened flower buds, 12:45 #1183) PST) (NSM, GTA #1456) Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq.* Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh** NV: Churchill Co.; US 50A, 2.0 mi. N of US 50, 23 (Plate 8F) Aug 1984 (ovip. on middle of flower head, 11:45 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, PST) (NSM, GTA #1104) 29 Jun 1988 (ovip. 2X on unopened flower buds, Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene [Suaeda torreyana S.Watson] 11:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1475) (Fig. 21) Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) 62 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Mormon Farm, 4 (ovip. 8X on closed flower buds, 2 different flower Jul 1984 (ovip. on unopened flower buds, 09:45 heads, 10:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1405) 3X, 09:50 2X, 10:10, 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun #1042) 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 20 May Jul 1987 (ovip. on unopened flower bud, 10:40, 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 10:50 2X PST) (NSM, GTA #1453) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) flower bud, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #997) Prosopis pubescens Benth.* Melilotus alba Medikus (i) (Fig. 20) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground, 27 Jun 1990 (ovip. on flower, 08:35 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 7 Apr PST) (no plant coll., GTA) 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 30 Aug 1990 (preoviposition behavior) (no plant May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 19 May flower bud, 09:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #991) 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Cupido amyntula amyntula (Boisduval, 1852) Creek, 21 Sep 1980 (ovip. on open flowers) FABACEAE (NSMCC, GTA) Vicia americana Willd. var. americana NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 1 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) Washoe Co. line, 1 Jul 1985 (ovip. on stem at base (no plant coll., GTA) of flowers, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1232) NV: Mineral Co.; White Mts., US 6, Montgomery NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal Pass, 21 Aug 1989 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Canyon, 17 Jun 1986 (ovip. on stem at base of GTA) flower, 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1294) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 9 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Cupido amyntula herri (F. Grinnell, 1901) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Piermont FABACEAE Creek, 16 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Astragalus sp. GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Indian Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.* (i) Creek, 2 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun #1412) 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, 14:10 PST) (NSM, Astragalus aequalis Clokey* GTA #1037) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May Mimosa probably pudica L. (ornamental)** (i) 2000 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, 11:00 PST) (NSM, NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 19 May GTA #1541) 2000 (ovip. on flowers) (NSM, GTA #1540) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts.; Fletcher Canyon, 20 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 30 Apr May 2001 (ovip.) (NSM, BB) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray var. purpureus M.E.Jones* #1540) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) Jun 1983 (ovip. at base of flower on stem, 13:40 M.Johnston (Fig. 29) PST) (NSM, GTA #415) NV: Clark Co.; 0.5 mi. E of Blue Diamond, 22 May NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May 1978 (ovip. on flower buds, 09:30 PST) (Austin 1986 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, 10:20 PST) (NSM, and Austin 1980) GTA #1264) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 18 NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May Apr 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1986 (ovip. on opening flower bud, 11:40 PST) NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Cactus Springs, 10 Jun 1983 (NSM, GTA #1264) (ovip. on flower bud, 12:35 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 19 May #396) 1986 (ovip. at base of flower on sepals, 09:10 PST) NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 2 Sep (NSM, GTA #1264) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; W side Butte Mts., Queue NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 20 Apr Valley, 7.6 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1831) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 27 Apr Astragalus calycosus S.Watson* (Plate 8C) 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Cactus Springs, 9 May 1987 Mine, 15.5 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (ovip. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 63

among flowers, 10:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #831) 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. calycosus* (Plate 8C) Astragalus tenellus Pursh* NV: White Pine Co.; W side of Butte Mts., Queue NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Valley, 0.9 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May 1.2 mi. E summit to Big Creek, 16 Jun 1981 (adult 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1829) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby* Astragalus utahensis (Torr.) Torr. & A.Gray* (Plate 8C) NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., US 93, 12.5 mi. N of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 Pioche, 27 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1455) GTA) Astragalus casei A.Gray* NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 Celastrina echo echo (W. H. Edwards, 1864) Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #420) RHAMNACEAE Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. (Plate 8D) Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg* NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal Mine, 12.2 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (ovip. Canyon, 30 Jun 1987 (ovip. on flowers, 12:00 at base of flowers, 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #830) PST) (NSM, GTA #1452) NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Incline Village, Oak Spring Summit, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) Sugarpine Rd., N of Nv 28, 30 Jun 2003 (ovip. on (NSM, GTA #1239) flowers, 12:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1884) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. salinus (Howell) Barneby Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) (Plate 8D) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (ovip. on Ranch, 30 May 1983 (ovip. at base of flowers, opening flower bud, 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #305) #1227) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Creek NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Rd., 9.6 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 9 Jun 1985 (ovip. on 4.6 mi. W of Nv 206, 5 May 1987 (ovip. on base of flower buds, 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1217) developing flower bud, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. toyabensis Barneby (Plate 8D) #1402) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Mts, Stoneberger Canyon, NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, 6.8 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (ovip. 22 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) at base of flowers) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 6 May Astragalus minthorniae (Rydb.) Jeps.* 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 13 Jun 1977 NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, behind Davis (ovip. on developing fruit) (UNLV, GTA) Creek Park, 19 May 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant Astragalus newberryi A.Gray* coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, Campground, 8 Jun 1977 (ovip. on old flower) 25 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Campground, 22 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) GTA) ROSACEAE Astragalus oophorus S.Watson* Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 9 Jul NV: Elko Co.; Dolly Varden Mts., Dolly Varden 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, 14:40 PST) (NSM, Canyon, 8.0 mi. from Dolly Varden site, 23 Jul GTA #1076) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1924) Astragalus oophorus S.Watson var. oophorus* NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 8 Jul NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 17 May 2000 (ovip. at base of flower bud, 13:25 PST) 1990 (ovip. at base of flower, 09:35 PST) (NSM, (NSM, GTA #1552) GTA #1514) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Astragalus pinonis M.E.Jones* Creek, 12 Jul 2002 (ovip. on flower bud, 15:35 NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River PST) (NSM, GTA #1727) Rd., 0.7 mi. N of Little Current Creek Rd., 17 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Creek, 6-7 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul Astragalus purshii Hook.* 2002 (ovip. 2X on flower bud, 14:20 PST) (NSM, NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Goldfield GTA #1733) Summit, 1 May 1986 (ovip. on flower base, 12:40 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East PST) (NSM, GTA #1247) Creek, 22 Jul 2003 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, Astragalus serenoi (Kuntze) E.Sheld.* 15:30 PST) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1727) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 26 Jul Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb.* 64 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve (ovip. on flower bud, another ovum on same flower Creek, 14 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA spike) (fide J. F. Emmel) #1729) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Euphilotes Mattoni, 1977 Area rd., 3.5 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 22 Jul Generalizations on the larval hostplants of Euphilotes (e.g., 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Shields 1975, 1977; Shields and Reveal 1988; Pratt 1994; Pratt and Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb. var. glabrescens (Greenman) Emmel 1998a) have suffered from both the lack of understanding Ley* local details and landscape-level knowledge of their use in addition NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon to conflicting philosophies concerning the phylogeny ofEuphilotes Campground, 8 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, and apparent poor resolution of species limits (Shields and Reveal GTA #1912) 1988, Pratt, 1994, Pratt and Emmel 1998a, Opler and Warren Petrophyton caespitosum (Nutt.) Rybd. (Plate 7D) 2002, Warren 2005). Similar phenotypes, “hostplant” races, and NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop potential phenospecies (Arnold 1983, Warren 2005, Austin et al. Summit, 28 Jul 1988 (ovip. on flower, 14:55 PST) 2007) confound the simplistic view of just a couple of decades ago (NSM, GTA #1486) when only three or four species were recognized (e.g., Miller and Brown 1981). Today as many as 13 species have been recognized Celastrina echo cinerea (W. H. Edwards, 1883) in checklists and general works (Opler 1999, Opler and Warren ROSACEAE 2002, Pelham 2008) and more undoubtedly exist (Warren 2005). Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. A number of taxa have been delimited by the the butterfly’s use NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., of related taxa of Eriogonum, thought to involve but one species 1.5 mi. E of Lowell Wash, 24 Apr 1977 (ovip. on at any one locale exclusive of other sympatric taxa of Euphilotes. flower buds) (Austin and Austin 1980) The rather clearcut associations of butterfly with plant noted NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 6 Apr elsewhere (e.g., Pratt and Ballmer 1986, Pratt and Emmel 1998a, 1988 (ovip. 4X at base of tight flower buds, 11:40 Warren 2005) apparently breaks down to some extent in Nevada. PST) (NSM, cf GTA #1465, #1513) Investigations here suggest opportunism and even that more than NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson one species of co-occurring and synchronic Eriogonum may be used Canyon, 29 May 2002 (ovip. on flowers, 08:50 by a population of Euphilotes (see also Warren 2005). Perhaps this PST) (NSM, GTA #1699) is a result of the relatively high unpredictability of precipitation Petrophyton caespitosum (Nutt.) Rydb. (Plate 7D) in desert regions and its effect on the flowering of Eriogonum. In NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Deer Creek, 25 Jun 1968 many years, Eriogonum may have sparse or no flowers and, even

Figure 21. Suaeda moquinii. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 65 when flowers are profuse, Euphilotes may be absent at sites with known populations (e.g., Shapiro 2006). Euphilotes glaucon uses Euphilotes glaucon glaucon (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Eriogonum umbellatum, E. ovalifolium, and E. caespitosum near POLYGONACEAE Carson City and E. umbellatum and E. caespitosum near Virginia Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.* City. Likewise, Euphilotes baueri orientis uses E. ovalifolium and E. NV: Carson City; hills NE of Carson City airport, 23 villiflorum near Patterson Pass and Euphilotes enoptes opacupulla May 1982 (adult assoc., preovip. among flower uses E. wrightii and E. plumatella in the Newberry Mountains. buds) (NSMCC, GTA) Sympatric use of the same species of Eriogonum by more than NV: Pershing Co.; Stillwater Mts., 0.5 mi. W of one taxon of Euphilotes was thought to be a rare occurrence (e.g., McKinney Pass, 20 May 1980 (adult assoc.) Pratt and Ballmer 1986, Shields and Reveal 1988). This also (NSMCC, GTA) appears unusual in Nevada, but Euphilotes glaucon, Euphilotes NV: Storey Co.; Six Mile Canyon, 5.1 mi. E of enoptes primavera, and Euphilotes ancilla gilvatunica associate Virginia City, 8 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, with Eriogonum umbellatum in Dunlop Canyon. Annual species GTA) of Eriogonum are infrequently used by Euphilotes, although this Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. (Plate 3E) appears to be a regular occurrence for Euphilotes mojave (e.g., NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 27 May 1980 Shields 1975, Pratt and Emmel 1998a). Euphilotes pallescens (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) usually feed as larvae on the perennial Eriogonum nummulare, but NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 4 May 1984 some populations occasionally or regularly use annuals (see also (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Pratt and Emmel 1998b). NV: Carson City; US 50, 1.2 mi. W of Lyon Co. line, 27 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Euphilotes glaucon intermedia (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917) NV: Carson City; hills NE of Carson City airport, 23 POLYGONACEAE May 1982 (ovip. on flower) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, ridge W of Mt. line, 26 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Rose Summit, 25 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Douglas Co.; Nv 208, 1.7 mi. E of US 395, 1 GTA) Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) NV: Lyon Co.; Nv 341, 2.2 mi. W of US 50, 8 May NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 4.9 mi. E 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) of Nv 28, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 5.8 mi. N #1919) of Sweetwater Summit, 1 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Mt. Rose ski area, (NSMCC, GTA) East Bowl, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium [Eriogonum #1920) ovalifolium Nutt. var. nevadense Gand.] (Plate 3E) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. umbellatum (Plate 4A) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts, Trail Canyon rd., NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 1.1 mi. E 11.6 mi. W of Nv 264, 17 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) of Mt. Rose Summit, 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #413) (NSM, GTA #488) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 1.0 mi. NE of CA state line, 30 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Euphilotes glaucon oregonensis (Barnes & McDunnough, GTA #1245) 1917) NV: Lyon Co.; Nv 338, 1.0 mi. NE of CA state line, POLYGONACEAE 16 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1273) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium [Eriogonum NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon at ovalifolium Nutt. var. nevadense Gand.] (Plate 3E) CA state line, 16 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 34, 24.4 mi. S of Hays Canyon GTA #1276) Rd., 8 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; White Mts., US 6, Montgomery NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Rock Creek Ranch Pass, 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Rd., 0.6 mi. W of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (adult #437) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #926) NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range, Limbo Range Rd., Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) 2.1 mi. E of Nv 447, 9 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon, 6.9 (NSMCC, GTA) mi. N of Nv 81, 19 Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. williamsae Reveal (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Steamboat Hot Springs, 5 mi. N of Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) jct. Nv 3B and US 395, 19 Jun 1971 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., 0.5 mi. W of assoc.) (Shields 1975) [originally reported as Leadville, 9 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. nivale (Canby) GTA) M.E.Jones] NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Rd., 6.9 mi. N of Nv 81, 29 May 1984 (adult NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 14 assoc.) (NSM, GTA #916) Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) 66 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Carson City; US 50, 1.2 mi. W of Lyon Co. line, 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 27 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 1.5 mi. E of US NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 27 May 1980 395, 1 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (fide C. Hageman) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) NV: Carson City; hills NE of Carson City airport, 23 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek May 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Canyon, 2.0 mi. W of US 395, 28 May 1980 (adult NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 4 May 1984 assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., East Sister area, 26 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1219) Canyon, 14 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, 1.0 mi. W of NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City Lucky Boy Grade, 5 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) line, 26 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City NV: Mineral Co.; White Mts., US 6, 2.8 mi. E of line, 30 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Montgomery Pass, 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) GTA) (NSM, GTA #438) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 2.2 mi. W of Nv 206, 30 May 1980 (adult assoc.) Euphilotes battoides fusimaculata Austin, 1998 (NSMCC, GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium (Plate 3E) Creek, 11 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Nv 278, Garden Pass Summit, 18 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Creek, 26 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Eureka Co.; Nv 278, Garden Pass Summit, 1 Jun GTA) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) line, 16 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 4 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA; Austin Creek, 3 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1998b) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, North Twin River, 4 2.1 mi. W of Nv 206, 28 May 1982 (adult assoc.) Jun 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek Euphilotes baueri baueri (Shields, 1975) Canyon, 1.8 mi. W of US 395, 22 May 1984 (adult POLYGONACEAE assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. (Plate 3E) NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, North Twin River, 4 line, 15 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Jun 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium [Eriogonum NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Mts., Iron King Mine ovalifolium Nutt. var. nevadense Gand.] (Plate 3E) Rd., 6400’, 10 Jun 1997 (adult assoc.) (Langston NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Range, War Canyon 1998) Rd., 17 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Nv 341, 2.2 mi. N of US 50, 8 May NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Goldfield 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Summit, 1 May 1986 (ovip. 3X on flower sepals, NV: Lyon Co.; 0.8 mi. W of Silver City, 8 May 1980 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1249) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Wall Canyon, 3 Jun NV: Lyon Co.; 0.6 mi. W of Silver City, 15 Jun 1980 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #958) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Aurora, 17 May 1986 (adult assoc.) NV: Mineral Co.; Larkin Dry Lake Rd., 5.6 mi. N of (NSM, GTA #1280) Nv 359, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 5 NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, 5.3 mi. May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) S of Mina Rd., 25 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 17.7 plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #440) mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (adult assoc.) NV: Storey Co.; Six Mile Canyon, 5.1 mi. E of Nv (NSM, GTA #250) 341, 8 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon Rd., NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 24 Jun 21.0 mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (adult assoc.) 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (NSM, GTA #251) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 29 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Euphilotes baueri orientis Austin, 1998 NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 19 POLYGONACEAE May 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.* NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 23 Jun NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Mts., War Canyon AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 67

Rd., 1.2 mi. N of Clan Alpine Ranch, 17 May 1980 NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 6.0 mi. W of Denio (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Junction, 31 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson #951) Ranch, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 21.5 mi. W of Denio #306) Junction, 31 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 322, 9.6 mi. E of US 93, 31 #948) May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #327) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 2.5 mi. E of Pronto NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 2.0 mi. E of Rd., 25 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Oak Springs Summit, 31 May 1983 (adult assoc.) #1816) (NSM, GTA #329) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 6.9 mi. W of Pronto NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., 3 mi. N of Sams Rd., 25 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Camp Well, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (fide P. #1817) Savage) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 1.2 mi. W of NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., 3 mi. N of Sams Sand Pass, 25 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Camp Well, 30 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (fide P. GTA #1818) Savage) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 1.8 mi. W of Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. (Plate 3E) Sand Pass, 26 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Toana Mts., Silver Zone Pass, 24 May GTA #1819) 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.1 mi. E of NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., Churchill Co. line, 14 May 1986 (adult assoc.) 12.0 mi. SE of Nv 376, 17 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1267) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., Bristol Mine Rd., 3.3 NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., 4.4 mi. E of Carroll mi. W of US 93, 31 May 1983 (adult assoc.) Summit, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, (NSM, GTA #323) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 4 NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., US 93, 12.5 mi. N of May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Pioche, 2 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Valley, 2.7 mi. N of Hot NV: Lincoln Co.; Schell Creek Range, 1 mi. W of Creek Ranch, 27 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Sidehill Pass, 3 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA #265) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, microwave towers NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 17 mi. N of Pioche, 3 Jun on E slope off US 6, 27 May 1983 (adult assoc.) 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) (NSM, GTA #264) NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., 4 mi. W of Barclay, 4 NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 48, 1.5 mi. S of Trego junction Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) on Gerlach-Sulphur Rd., 22 May 2003 (ovip. NV: Lincoln Co.; Schell Creek Range, Patterson Pass beneath flower, 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1803) Rd., 1-2 mi. W of US 93, 27 May 1979 (adult NV: Pershing Co.; Nv 48, 8.1 mi. E of junction with assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Trego-Nightingale Rd. towards Seven Troughs, 22 NV: Lincoln Co.; Schell Creek Range, Patterson Pass May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1805) Rd., 1.0 mi. W of US 93, 30 May 1983 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; S from Rodeo Creek Rd., assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) powerline rd. to E of geothermal plant, 2.1 mi. E of NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., US 93, 12.5 mi. N of valley rd. at summit, 21 May 2003 (adult assoc.) Pioche, 19 May 1987 (ovip. on flowers) (NSM, (NSM, GTA #1800) GTA #1407) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Pleasant Valley Rd., NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek 1.4 mi. W of UT state line, 28 May 2003 (adult Rd., 6.8 mi. E of Nyala Rd., 16 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1826) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Antelope Range, Marble Mine NV: Nye Co.; Stone Canyon Valley, 0.8 mi. N of Rd., 4.7 mi. SE of US 93A, 11 Jun 2003 (adult McIntyre Summit, 28 May 1983 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1842) (NSM, GTA #290) Eriogonum shockleyi S.Watson* (Plate 4F) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. nivale (Canby) M.E.Jones NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Baking Powder (Plate 3E) Flat, 1 mi. S of Blind Spring, 20 Jun 1978 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #660) 27 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #292) NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Nv 318 at Bristol Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium [Eriogonum Well Rd., 8 Jun 2005 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, BB) ovalifolium Nutt. var. nevadense Gand.] (Plate 3E) Eriogonum villiflorumA.Gray* NV: Humboldt Co.; 10 mi. N of Winnemucca, 4350- NV: Lincoln Co.; Schell Creek Range, Patterson Pass 4450’, May (adult assoc.) (Shields 1975) (plant Rd., 1.0 mi. W of US 93, 30 May 1983 (ovip. on originally identified asEriogonum ovalifolium flower, 12:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #304) Nutt. var. multiscapum Gand.) 68 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Euphilotes bernardino martini (Mattoni, 1954) NV: Clark Co.; Eldorado Canyon, 15 Apr 1995 (adult POLYGONACEAE assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree A.Gray (Plate 4E, Fig. 22) Pass, 2.1 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) several dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree 1980) Pass, 3.9 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) several dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass 1980) Rd., 1.4 mi. W of Christmas Tree Pass, 1 May NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts, Cabin Canyon, several 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 8 of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Apr 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; rd. E of Crystal Pass, 2.1 mi. S of Nv NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 9 mi. W of Davis 161, 10 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Dam, 8 Apr 1977 (ovip. on flower heads, 10:00 GTA) PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; rd. to Ireland Mine, 4.9 mi. S of I-15 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 2 at Jean, 10 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., May 1977 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Clark Co. Spring Mts., 1.5 mi. N of Nv 161 at 5 May 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult 5.4 mi. W of Jean, 10 Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #193) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Bridge Canyon, 3 NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 0.2 mi. S of May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Elgin, 31 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 10 May NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.6 mi. S of 1978 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) Elgin, 31 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #333) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.7 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 5 mi. N of I-15, 14 May 1978 Elgin, 13 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980; NSM, cf NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., powerline rd., 12.6 GTA #330) mi. NE of Carp-Elgin Rd., 31 Mar 2003 (adult NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 8 mi. N of I-15, 14 May 1978 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980; NSM, cf GTA #330) Euphilotes bernardino inyomontana Pratt & J. Emmel, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 17 May POLYGONACEAE 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 22 A.Gray (Plate 4E, Fig. 22) May 1978 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Nye Co.; 3 mi. SW of Beatty, 17 May 1970 NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 20 May (adult assoc.) (fide O. Shields, also Shields 1977) 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; 2 mi. SW of Beatty, 7 May 1979 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, assoc.) (fide O. Shields) 22 Apr 1980 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, 09:45 PST) NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 2.6 mi. W of Beatty, 22 May (NSMCC, GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #247) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Bridge Canyon, 22 NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 15.2 mi. N of Beatty, 25 May Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1466) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 17 NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 8 mi. SW of Beatty, 5 May Apr 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1992 (adult assoc.) (fide P. Savage) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 1.5 mi. E of NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Crystal Springs, 17 Jun Christmas Tree Pass, 18 May 1983 (adult assoc.) 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB and Bret (NSM, GTA #193) Boyd) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts, Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Horseshutem Springs, 11 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #333) Jul 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB and Bret NV: Clark Co.; Railroad Pass, 23 Mar 1986 (adult Boyd) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Railroad Pass, 30 Mar 1986 (adult Euphilotes bernardino minuta Austin, 1998 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6 mi. E of Eriogonum shockleyi S.Watson (Plate 4F) US 95, 26 Apr 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone-Atlanta GTA) Rd., 5.0 mi. N of Atlanta junction, 31 May 2002 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 69

(adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1710) Shields) NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3 Blind Spring, 29 Jul 1969 (8, 5th instar larvae mi. SE of Dayton, 17 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no tended by the ant Formica obtusopilosa Emery) plant coll., GTA; Austin 1978b) (Shields 1973) NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3 NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of mi. SE of Dayton, 9 May 1980 (adult assoc.) Blind Spring, 19 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant (NSMCC, GTA) coll., GTA; Austin 1998b) NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3 NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of mi. SE of Dayton, 15 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no Blind Spring, 28 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Eldorado Canyon, 3 NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of mi. SE of Dayton, 21 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no Blind Spring, 17 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Nv 2C, 2.2 mi. W NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 12 Jul of US 95, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, 1988 (mature larvae) (fide G. Pratt) GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; South Spring Valley, Baking Powder Flat, 15 Jun 1989 (adult assoc.) (fide P. Euphilotes ellisi euromojavensis Pratt & J. Emmel, 1998 Savage) POLYGONACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; South Spring Valley, Baking Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. (Plate 3F) Powder Flat, 20 Jun 1989 (adult assoc.) (fide P. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Little Potosi Mt., 6 mi. Savage) N of Goodsprings, 3 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (fide NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 3 mi. P. Savage) WSW of Blind Spring, 18 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Little Potosi Mt., 6 mi. (no plant coll., GTA) N of Goodsprings, 24 Aug 1989 (adult assoc.) (fide NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of P. Savage) Blind Spring, 11 Jun 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. sulcatum (S.Watson) coll., BB) Munz & Reveal (Plate 3F) NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 3 mi. N of Red Cloud, 2 Blind Spring, 20 Jun 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 3 mi. N of Red Cloud, NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Highline Rd., 11 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 4.4 mi. N of Atlanta-Shoshone Rd., 29 May 1980) 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1700) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of Mine, 19 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Blind Spring, 11 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud coll., GTA, cf GTA #660) Mine, 21 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 2.8 mi. S of GTA) Shoshone Rd., 3.2 mi. E of US 95, 11 Jun 2002 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mine, 26 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 12.7 mi. N of GTA) Highline Rd., 3.1 mi. E of US 93, 11 Jun 2002 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1712) Mine, 31 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Euphilotes ellisi basinensis Austin, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 3 mi. N of Red Cloud POLYGONACEAE Mine, 2 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. (Plate 3F) #1162) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5.5 mi. W NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud of Frenchman, 5 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant Mine, 25 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Nv 361, 6-14 mi. N of Luning, 14 Jul 1988 (larvae) (fide G. Pratt) Euphilotes ancilla ancilla (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. humilius (S. Stokes) POLYGONACEAE Reveal (Plate 3F) Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. (Fig. 15) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., 7 mi. W of NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Frenchman, 8 Jun 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide J. Scott, Crossing Campground, 8 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) also Shields 1977) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., US 50, 5 mi. W NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse of Frenchman, 24 Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (fide O. Crossing Campground, 3 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) 70 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. W of Euphilotes ancilla gilvatunica Austin, 1998 Angel Creek Campground, 6 Jul 1980 (adult POLYGONACEAE assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum* (Fig. 23) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, Maggie NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 3.2 mi. E of Summit, 23 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Churchill Co. line, 9 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA) GTA #1914) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Eriogonum robustum Greene [Eriogonum lobbii Torr. & A.Gray Crossing Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) var. robustum (Greene) M.E.Jones] (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; 1 mi. N of Silver City, Jun (adult NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 3.3 mi. E of North assoc.) (Shields 1977, Shields and Reveal 1988) Fork Summit, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Storey Co.; hill, 0.5 mi. SE of Virginia City, 15 GTA) Jun 1972 (adult assoc.) (fide J. Scott) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Benth.. Crossing Campground, 20 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 341, 3.3 mi. E of US 395, 31 (no plant coll., GTA) May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Jun plant coll., GTA) 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 9.2 mi. NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, 0.5 mi. E of W of Nv 225, 17 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant Austin Summit, 5 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 7.8 mi. NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, W of Nv 225, 17 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant 11 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides 16.8 mi. E of Nv 376, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 0.5 mi. S of Bonanza (NSMCC, GTA) Gulch, 8000-9500’, 22 Jul 1969 (ovip. on inside of NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, 1.1 mi. W petal) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) of Austin Summit, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse plant coll., GTA) Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 9 Jul (NSM, GTA #1861) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Sagehen Basin, rd. to NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 11 Jul Yankee Bill Summit-Merritt Creek, 9.0 mi. N of 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Sunflower Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 17 Jun assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1867) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 7.1 mi. E of summit, 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no GTA #1881) plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum strictum Benth. var. proliferum (Torr. & A.Gray) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, Austin Reveal Summit, 4 Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Elko Co.; Wildhorse Reservoir, Nv 51, 64 mi. N GTA) of Elko, 6500’, Jun (ovip.) (Shields 1977) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 26 Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Roberts Creek, 18 Jun NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Buckskin Mt., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, S Fork of Birch Windy Gap to summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) Creek, 24 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. dichrocephalum Gand. (Plate NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, road S from Austin 4A) Summit to head of Birch Creek, 24 Jul 1995 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 4.8 mi. W of Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, 5.3 mi. (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1851) S of Mina Rd., 25 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (no Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #440) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, 5.3 mi. Summit-Merritt Creek, 10.5 mi. N of Sunflower S of Mina Rd., 5 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, coll., GTA, cf GTA #440) GTA #1868) NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Table Mt., 10-10,500’, AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 71

12 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (fide O. Shields) coll., BB) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Creek, 23 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1543) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Reese River Canyon NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and from Cow Canyon trailhead, 25 Jun 1994 (adult Cold creeks, 3-23 Jun 2000 (larvae reared to assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) adults) (NSM, BB) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ledbetter Canyon, 25 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 3-23 Jun Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2000 (larvae reared to adults) (NSM, BB) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Marysville Canyon, 27 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 May Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., 4.0 mi. E of Carroll Summit, 6700’, 14 Jun 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, 1.8 mi. W of Austin Summit, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak Rd., 9600-10000’, 23 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 5.5 mi. E of Mina Rd., 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #440) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 7 mi. E of Mina Rd., 19 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #440) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 9-10 mi. E of Mina Rd., 19 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #440) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 1.0 mi. E of Summit Spring, 19 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #440) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Moores Creek Rd., 0.9 mi. E of Moores Creek Summit, 5 Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. glaberrimum (Gand.) Reveal [Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. aureum (Gand.) Reveal] (Plate 4A) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 6600-6800’, 30 Jun 1968 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, US 6, 5 mi. W of Five Mile Spring, 6400’, no date (2 larvae, reared to adult) (Shields 1977) NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, US 6, 5 mi. W of Five Mile Spring, 6400’, 8 Jul 1969 (many larvae on flowers tended the antsCrematogaster mormonum Emery and Formica neogagates Emery) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1973)

Euphilotes ancilla purpura Austin, 1998 POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. juniporinum Reveal (Plate 4A) Figure 22. Eriogonum fasciculatum. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 3-13 Jun 1999 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 20 May 2000 (ovip., adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and Cold creeks, 20 May 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant 72 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 9-24 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Macks Canyon Rd., 12 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1543) Aug 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Cold creeks, 17 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant Campground, 14 Aug 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Harris Mt. Rd., 1-2 Jul Cold creeks, 18 May 2004 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1999 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 18 May 1999 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) 2004 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 18 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) Cold creeks, 26 May 2004 (ovip.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 3, 6 Aug BB) 2000 (larvae in flower heads, reared to adults) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 26 May (NSM, BB) 2004 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 3, 6 Aug NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 4 Jun 2000 (larvae in flower heads, reared to adults) 2004 (ovip.) (no plant coll., BB) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., flat between Willow and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., west slope, Wheeler Cold creeks, 21 May 2005 (ovip.) (no plant coll., Pass Rd., 14 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to, but below Macks NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 3-22 Aug Canyon, 4 mi. S of Cold Creek Rd., 31 May 2005 2001 (larvae in flower heads, reared to adults) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll, BB) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mud Springs, 4 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 3-22 Aug mi. S of Cold Creek Rd., 1 Jun 2005 (adult assoc.) 2001 (larvae in flower heads, reared to adults) (no plant coll., BB) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., West Mud Spring, 3-22 Euphilotes ancilla (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918) Aug 2001 (larvae in flower heads, reared to adults) undescribed subspecies (NSM, BB) POLYGONACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Trough Spring, 5 Aug Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes (Plate 4A) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Charleston Peak trail, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Upper Lovell Canyon, 9000’, 6 Jul 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) 11 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Carpenter Canyon, 21 Campground, 25 Jul 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB #49) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 22 Jul 2002 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 28 Jul 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) (ovip. on flowers, 08:30 PST) (Austin and Austin NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 14 Jul 2003 1980) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 19 Aug NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 13 Jul 2004 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 20 Jul 1978 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 21 Jul 2004 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) (ovip, 10:20 PST) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 20 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.4 mi. up Macks 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Canyon, 26 Jul 2005 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Harris Peak Rd., 5.3-5.7 BB) mi. W of Harris Spring Rd., 27 Jun 1990 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 4 Aug 2005 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (ovip, 10:20 PST) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., south Deer Creek, 6 Aug 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) Euphilotes ancilla giulianii Pratt & J. Emmel, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon at Deer POLYGONACEAE Creek Rd., 7-14 Aug 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. versicolor S. Stokes (Plate 4A) coll., BB) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., no date (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Whiskey Spring, 12 Aug (fide J. F. Emmel) 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 12 Aug Euphilotes ancilla shieldsi Austin, 1998 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) POLYGONACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 12 Aug Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon rd., AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 73

9.5 mi. W of Nv 264, 17 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 31 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no (NSM, GTA #411) plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek Rd., 5.8 mi. E of Nyala Rd., 16 Jun 1980 (adult Euphilotes enoptes aridorum Austin, 1998 assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes (Plate 4A) Eriogonum baileyi S.Watson var. baileyi* NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 21 Jul NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 2.3 mi. S of 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1922) Chuckwagon Rd., 31 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1488) Euphilotes enoptes enoptes (Boisduval, 1852) Eriogonum elatum Benth. (Fig. 23) POLYGONACEAE NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 22 Jul Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. deductum (Greene) Jeps. 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Heavenly Valley North, National NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 27 Jul Forest ski area, 6 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, ca. 0.5 mi. S of Seven Mile NV: Douglas Co., Carson Range, Heavenly Valley Canyon, 5 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., North, base of ski area, 28 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; US 395 at Peavine Peak Rd., 7 Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. nudum Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA; Austin NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 1998b) Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1944) NV: Washoe Co.; Peavine Mountain, 1 mi. W of Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. pubiflorum Benth. railroad tracks, NW of Anderson Siding, 5 Aug NV: Washoe Co.; Lost Creek Rd., 11.0 mi. E of Nv 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA 447, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, #1735) cf GTA #1752) Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum (Fig. 23) Eriogonum wrightii Benth. NV: Lyon Co.; SE of slope McClellan Peak, 19 Jul NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Spooner Summit- 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, cf GTA #489) Kings Canyon Rd., 5.7 mi. N of US 50, 21 Jul NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 19 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #489) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Spooner Summit- NV: Washoe Co.; US 395, Anderson Siding opposite Kings Canyon Rd., 8.9 mi. N of US 50, 21 Jul Red Rock Rd., 19 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #1735) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Washoe Co.; US 395, Anderson Siding opposite 4.1 mi. W of Nv 206, 10 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) Red Rock Rd., 5 Aug 2002 (ovip. on lower side of (NSMCC, GTA) petal, 11:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, #1735) 4.1 mi. W of Nv 206, 17 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Washoe Co.; Jumbo Grade, 1.5 mi. E of (no plant coll., GTA) Eastlake Drive in Washoe Valley, 5 Aug 2002 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1745) Creek, 23 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Euphilotes enoptes (Boisduval, 1852) near aridorum Austin, 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 30 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) 1998 (NSMCC, GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum (Fig. 23) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 6 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Jackass Creek, plant coll., GTA) 1-2 mi. S of Desert Creek, 27 Jun 1985 (adult NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1221) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 30 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) Euphilotes enoptes opacapulla Austin, 1998 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, POLYGONACEAE 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 7 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no Eriogonum davidsonii Greene plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., Box Spring, 14 Aug NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, P. Savage) 4.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 22 Aug 1989 (adult assoc.) NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., Box Spring, 3 Sep (no plant coll., GTA) 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, P. Savage) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Eriogonum plumatella Durand & Hilg. Creek, 31 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, GTA) 27 Sep 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 74 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

13 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 12 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 1988 (possible adult assoc.) (fide G. Pratt) 13 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Var. lapidicola Reveal (Fig. 28) Eriogonum wrightii Benth. NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Wayne E. Kirch NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 4 WMA, 150 yds. E of Adams-McGill Reservoir Oct 1977 (ovip. on flower buds, 10:00 PST) Dam, 30 Jul-1 Aug 2005 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, (Austin and Austin 1980) BB) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Wayne E. Kirch 20 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) WMA, 150 yds. E of Adams-McGill Reservoir NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, Dam, 18-19 Aug 2005 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, BB) 26 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 26 [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Reveal] NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, US 6, 5 mi. W of Five 29 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mile Spring, 6400’, Aug (adult assoc.) (Shields NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., wash, 1/4 mi. S of 1977) Box Spring, 18 Aug-10 Sep 1986 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi (fide P. Savage) Tidestrom] Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. wrightii NV: Lincoln Co.; White River Valley, Nv 318, just S NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, of White River narrows, 1 Aug 2005 (adult assoc.) 27 Sep 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) (UNLV, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 19 NV: Nye Co.; Railroad Valley, 7 mi. S of Currant, Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) dirt rd. to Nyala, 5000’, 6 Jul 1969 (ovip. on bud NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 22 just below unopened flowers, 13:55 PST) (fideJ. F. Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Emmel) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 19 NV: Nye Co.; Railroad Valley, 7 mi. S of Currant, Sep 1979 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) dirt rd. to Nyala, 5000’, 2 Aug 1969 (ovip. and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 16 larvae reared to adult, larvae tended by the ants Sep 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Dorymyrmex pyramicus (Roger), Canponotus NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 3 mi. N of Red Cloud nearcticus Emery and Myrmecocystus kennedyi Mine, 13 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Cole) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1973, 1977) #1495) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 7 mi. NW of Lunar Crater, NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 11.5 mi. S 6000’, 2 Aug 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel, of Caliente, 16 Sep 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, also Shields 1977) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 1.5-6 mi. W of NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 8 Sep Nv 8A, 5600’, Jul (ovip. just below flower bud, 2003 (ovip. on flower bud, 12:05 PST) (NSM, 09:25 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) GTA #1967) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 1.5 mi. W of jct. Nv 8A, 2 Aug 1969 (2 larvae) (fide J. F. Emmel) Euphilotes enoptes primavera Austin, 1998 NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, US 6, 6 mi. W of POLYGONACEAE Warm Springs, 6200’, 2 Aug 1969 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) (fide J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlop Canyon, 5.3 mi. NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 1 mi. W of jct. S of Mina Rd., 25 May 1988 (adult assoc.) (no Nv 8A, 28 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #440) NV: Nye Co.; Railroad Valley, Nyala Rd., 7.0 mi. S of Currant, 19 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Euphilotes mojave virginensis Austin, 1998 GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 3.8 mi. E of Tonopah, 9 Aug Eriogonum davidsonii Greene 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #531) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun NV: Nye Co.; Railroad Valley, old Nyala Rd., 7 mi. S 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #345) of Currant, 6 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (fide P. Eriogonum nidularium Cov. Savage) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 20 May NV: Nye Co.; Railroad Valley, old Nyala Rd., 7 mi. S 1978 (abdominal probing near unopened flower of Currant, 16 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (fide P. buds, 13:55 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) Savage) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 3.7 mi. E of Tonopah, 9 Aug Euphilotes pallescens pallescens (Tilden & Downey, 1955) 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA POLYGONACEAE #531) Eriogonum deflexum Torr. NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1.8 mi. W of Nv 376, 21 Aug AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 75

1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA)

Euphilotes pallescens arenamontana Austin, 1998 POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Tidestrom] NV: Churchill Co.; SE base Sand Mt., 7 mi. WNW of Frenchman, 4000’, Jul-Sep (ovip.) (Shields 1977) NV: Churchill Co.; SE base Sand Mt., 7 mi. WNW of Frenchman, 4000’, 13 Jul 1969 (ovip. inside a flower, 10:15 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Churchill Co.; SE base Sand Mt., 7 mi. WNW of Frenchman, 4000’, 13 Jul 1969 (ovip. at base of flower bud, 10:45 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: Churchill Co.; SE base of Sand Mt., 4 Jul 1974 (adult assoc.) (fide O. Shields) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 28 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, UNLV; GTA; Austin 1998b) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 25 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #600) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 15 Jul 2000 (ovip. within flower, 09:10 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, Aug 2002 (larvae on inflorescences) (no plant coll., photographs by J. Crowley)

Euphilotes pallescens ricei Austin, 1998 POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Tidestrom] NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 9.5 mi. E of Bottle Creek Rd., 8 Aug 2001 (ovip. on flowers, 14:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1665) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 6.4 mi. W of Pronto Rd., rd. to 1.1 mi. N, 8 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jones Lane, Jungo Rd. to 1.0 mi. S, 8 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Quinn River Valley, Riverside Figure 23. Eriogonum elatum. Ranch Rd., 9.4 mi. S of Nv 293, 9 Aug 2001 (2 mid-instar larvae in flowerheads) (NSM, GTA #1666) NV: Humboldt Co.; Cyanco Drive, 0.2-1.4 mi. S of Pronto Rd., 15 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant Jungo Rd., 11 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 2.4 mi. E of Pronto Euphilotes pallescens calneva J. & T. Emmel, 1998 Rd., 11 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., POLYGONACEAE GTA) Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 15 mi. NNW of Tidestrom] Winnemucca, 25 Aug 2001 (numerous larvae NV: Pershing Co.; Trego-Nightingale Rd., 18.5 mi. S reared to adult) (fide J. Wolfe) of Trego junction, 15 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.4 mi. W of US (NSM, GTA #1950) 95, 8 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Trego-Nightingale Rd., 19.7 mi. S NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.4 mi. W of US of Trego junction, 15 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no 95, 26 Aug 2002 (larvae on inflorescences) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1950) plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Honey Lake Valley, 2.5 mi. E of NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo-Sulphur Rd., 6.0 mi. W of CA state line, 29 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (Emmel 76 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

and Emmel 1998) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. (Fig. 28) NV: Washoe Co.; Gerlach-Sutcliffe Rd., 0.2 mi. N of NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 4 mi. W of Charleston Sand Pass, 10 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Reservoir, 6600’, 24 Jul 1969 (ovip. in flower, #1754) 10:25 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel; also Shields 1975, Shields and Reveal 1988) Euphilotes pallescens confusa Pratt & J. Emmel, 1998 NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop POLYGONACEAE Summit, 28 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Eriogonum baileyi S.Watson #1485) NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, SE shore of NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd., 6.0 mi. E of Nv 225, Washoe Lake, 7 Aug 2001 (ovip. on flowers, 08:15 22 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1626) PST) (NSM, GTA #1658) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop Eriogonum baileyi S.Watson var. baileyi Summit, 26 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, cf GTA NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 3B, 3 mi. SSE of US 395, #1485) 5100’, 16 Jul 1969 (ovip. 13:34 PST) (fide J. F. NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd., 12.6 mi. E of Nv 225, Emmel; also Shields 1977, Shields and Reveal 24 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1926) 1988) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 3B, 3 mi. SSE of US 395, Euphilotes pallescens emmeli (Shields, 1975) 5100’, 16 Jul 1969 (ovip. on edge of petals, 13:50 POLYGONACEAE PST) (fide J. F. Emmel; also Shields 1977, Shields Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal and Reveal 1988) [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 3B, 3 mi. SSE of US 395, Reveal] (Fig. 28) 5100’, 16 Jul 1969 (ovip. on outside of petal of NV: Lincoln Co.; 2 mi. E of Panaca, 11 Aug 1986 open flower) (fide J. F. Emmel; also Shields 1977, (adult assoc.) (fide P. Savage) Shields and Reveal 1988) NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., hillside W of Box NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 3B, 3 mi. SSE of US 395, Spring, 28 Aug 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, P. 5100’, 16 Jul 1969 (ovip. on unopened bud, 15:35 Savage) PST; 4 other ova on flower buds) (fide J. F. NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., hillside W of Box Emmel; also Shields 1977, Shields and Reveal Spring, 3 Sep 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, P. 1988) Savage) NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 2.3 mi. S of NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 1.7 mi. E of Panaca Chuckwagon Rd., 27 Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no junction, 19 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA plant coll., cf GTA #1488) #1673) Eriogonum baileyi S.Watson var. praebens (Gand.) Reveal Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi [Eriogonum baileyi S.Watson var. divaricatum (Gand.) Reveal] Tidestrom] NV: Carson City; base of Carson Range, 1 mi. S of NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 1.5 mi. E of Panaca, 3 Sep Carson City, 4900’, 17 Jul 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #636) J. F. Emmel, also Shields 1977) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 2.7 mi. N of Panaca Jct., 3 Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. humilius (S. Stokes) Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #638) Reveal (Plate 3F) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93 at Miller Point Rd., N of NV: Washoe Co.; W shore of Pyramid Lake, 11 mi. Panaca junction, 27 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no NW of Nixon, 3900’, 27 Aug 1972 (adult assoc.) plant coll., GTA) (fide O. Shields; also Shields 1977, Shields and NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 3.6 mi. E of Panaca Reveal 1988) junction, 19 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi #1671) Tidestrom] NV: Lincoln Co.; 5.2 mi. S of Panaca junction, 0.7 NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Nv 264, 1.2 mi. W of US 93, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no mi. S of US 6, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, plant coll., GTA) GTA #625) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 2.5 mi. NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 6, 0.1 mi. E of Mineral Co. E of US 93, 24 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant line, 8 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1493) coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; US 6 at Esmeralda Co. line, 8 Sep NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 2.7 mi. 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA E of US 93, 21 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant #1493) coll., GTA) Eriogonum vimineum Benth.* NV: Lincoln Co.; vicinity of Echo Canyon State Park, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 4 2 Aug 2004 (adult assoc.) (fide BB) Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1742) Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.* NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, Panaca Summit, 19 Aug Euphilotes pallescens mattonii (Shields, 1975) 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1672) POLYGONACEAE AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 77

Euphilotes spaldingi spaldingi (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby POLYGONACEAE [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg] (Plate 8F) Eriogonum davidsonii Greene* NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 27 NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 8 Sep Jun 1972 (ovip.) (Langston 1973) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1968) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh] Philotiella speciosa speciosa (Hy. Edwards, 1876) (Plate 8F) POLYGONACEAE NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., Oxytheca perfoliata Torr. & A.Gray (Plate 4D) 9.7 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult NV: Esmeralda Co.; dirt rd. 11 mi. S of Silver Peak, assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1908) 9 May 1995 (adult assoc.) (Langston 1996) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. prunophilus (M.E.Jones) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, 1.8 mi. E of CA state L.Phillips line, 17 Jun 1998 (ovip. on lower surface of bracts, NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo 13:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 4.8 mi. E of summit, 31 May 2002 (adult NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 9.1 mi. SW of Beatty, 7 Apr assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1711) 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, North NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 9.1 mi. SW of Beatty, 18 Apr Creek, end of rd., 14 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (NSM, GTA #1724) NV: Nye Co.; 5 mi. SE of Beatty, 29 May 1993 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek (ovip. 13:23 PST) (fide J. Brock) Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1882) Philotiella speciosa septentrionalis Austin, 1998 POLYGONACEAE Glaucopsyche piasus toxeuma F. M. Brown, 1971 Eriogonum pusillum Torr. & A.Gray FABACEAE NV: Lyon Co.; Ft. Churchill Rd., 12.3 mi. S of US Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) 50, 2 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Blossom Canyon, 7 Oxytheca perfoliata Torr. & A.Gray (Plate 4D) Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Range, US 50, 28-29 NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek mi. SE of Fallon, 20 Jun 1971 (ova on uppersides Canyon, 4.8-5.3 mi. W of Nv 400, 22 May 1980 of terminal leaves) (Shields 1974) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; S slope of Lone Mt. nr. Lovelock, NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 8A, 26.2 mi. E of Nv 34, 30 24 May 1970 (ovip.) (fide O. Shields, Langston May 1984 (ovip. on lower side of lower leaf, 15:00 1971) PST) (NSM, GTA #935)

Glaucopsyche piasus piasus (Boisduval, 1852) Glaucopsyche piasus daunia (W. H. Edwards, 1871) FABACEAE FABACEAE Lupinus andersonii S.Watson (Fig. 26) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh] Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 22 May 1984 (adult (Plate 8F) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #861) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Rd., 2.3 mi. S of Wilson Peak, 17 Jun 1990 (adult Glaucopsyche piasus nevada F. M. Brown, 1975 assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1520) FABACEAE Lupinus sp. Glaucopsyche lygdamus oro (Scudder, 1876) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, peak 2/3 mi. FABACEAE NW of Angel Lake, 9600’, 26 Jul 1969 (ovip. at Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray var. purpureus M.E.Jones* base of unopened bud) (fide J. F. Emmel) NV: White Pine Co.; W side Butte Mts., Queue Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) Valley, 7.6 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, Austin 2003 (ovip. on flower bud, 10:35 PST) (NSM, Summit, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA GTA #1831) #1062) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson* (Plate 8C) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus [Lupinus argenteus Pursh NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw var. tenellus (G.Don) D.Dunn] (Plate 8F) Mine, 15.5 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (adult NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of assoc.) (NSM, GTA #831) Angel Lake, 5 Jul 1980 (ovip. several times on Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. (Plate 8D) flower buds, 08:00, 10:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., 12.5 mi. N of Pioche, NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of 27 May 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Angel Lake, 10 Jul 2000 (ovip. on flower bud, NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6 mi. E of 14:35 PST) (NSM, GTA #1553) Oak Springs Summit, 12 May 1983 (adult assoc.) 78 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1239) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Success NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw Loop, 6.8 mi. N of Cave Lake State Park, 17 Jul Mine, 12.2 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (ovip. 1991 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1525) at base of flowers, 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #830) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6 mi. E of Creek, 4.8 mi. E of summit, 31 May 2002 (adult Oak Springs Summit, 23 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1711) (NSM, GTA #1239) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Seigel NV: Nye Co.; Nv 375, Queen City Summit, 25 May Creek Rd., 2.1 mi. S of Schellbourne Pass Rd., 10 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1836) NV: Nye Co.; Kawich Range, Golden Arrow, 16 Apr Vicia americana Willd. var. minor Hook. 1984 (ovip. at base of flowers, 09:10 PST) (NSM, NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., 12.5 mi. N of Pioche, GTA #783) 27 May 1979 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Astragalus purshii Hook.* NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Morey Mine area, Glaucopsyche lygdamus orcus (W. H. Edwards, 1869) 28 May 1983 (ovip. among flowers, 09:40 PST) FABACEAE (NSM, GTA #280) Astragalus sp. Astragalus utahensis (Torr.) Torr. & A.Gray* NV: Mineral Co.; US 6, 1.3 mi. W of Esmeralda Co. NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek, line, 5 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 11 May 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, 10:00 PST) Astragalus andersonii A.Gray* (NSM, GTA #824) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon at Lupinus arbustus Dougl ex Lindl.* CA state line, 23 May 1984 (ovip. on flowers, NV: Elko Co.; Nv 789, 3.8 mi. W of Midas junction, 09:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #871) 23 May 2003 (ovip. on flower bud, 08:10 PST) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon (NSM, GTA #1806) Rd. at CA state line, 16 May 1986 (ovip. on lower NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 2.3 mi. S surface of flower near stem, 12:30 PST) (NSM, of Greeley Crossing, 24 May 2003 (ovip. beneath GTA #1275) flower, 12:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1814) Astragalus casei A.Gray* Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 2 Jun 1983 (ovip. at base of flower, 14:10 PST) Jul 1978 (and several subsequent dates) (adult (NSM, GTA #420) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, BB, cf GTA #1032) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon Rd., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 26 21.0 mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (adult assoc.) May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf (NSM, GTA #254) GTA 1063) Astragalus layneae Greene* NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 0.4 mi. S of NV: Nye Co.; Phinney Canyon Rd. at Currie Well Oak Springs Summit, 31 May 1983 (adult assoc.) Rd., 7 May 1983 (ovip. at base of flower bud, (no plant coll., GTA) 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #102) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw Astragalus oophorus S.Watson (probably var. lonchocalyx Mine, 15.5 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (ovip. Barneby)* at base of flowers, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #834) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon Rd., NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, 0.5-2 mi. S of 21.0 mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (ovip. on Cherry Creek Summit, 28 May 1979 (adult assoc.) flower, 16:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #253) (UNLV, GTA) Lathyrus rigidus T. White* NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 14.8 mi. N of Beatty, 23 Apr NV: Washoe Co.; rd. from Duck Flat to Buffalo 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Meadows, 0.6 mi. N of Stone Corral, 5 May 2003 NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Tybo Canyon, 29 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat, 0.6 mi. S of Nv NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May 447, 19 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1986 (ovip. on flower bud, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA, cf GTA #1795) GTA #1261) Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Blossom Canyon, 7 [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh] Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (Plate 8F) NV: Mineral Co.; Excelsior Mts., Pepper Spring, 6 NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, 0.5-2 mi. S of May 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Cherry Creek Summit, 28 May 1979 (adult assoc.) NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 19 (UNLV, GTA) (identified originally asLupinus May 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) holosericeus Torr. & A.Gray) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. prunophilus (M.E.Jones) Glaucopsyche lygdamus deserticola Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 L.Phillips FABACEAE AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 79

Astragalus aequalis Clokey* Spring, 16 Sep 1984 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 19 May 10:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1205) 1993 (ovip. on flower bud) (NSM, GTA Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.** (i) [unnumbered], cf GTA #1541] NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon, 7.0 mi. Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. fremontii (A.Gray) S.Watson E of Nv 160, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on open flower, (Plate 8D) 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1005) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 22 Apr 1978 (abdominal M.Johnston (Fig. 29) probing among flowers) (Austin and Austin 1980, NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Indian Springs, 4 Jun 1992 Austin and Emmel 1998) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 17 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 2 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 23 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., Sep 1988 (and numerous additional dates) (adult 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 20 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, BB) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., rd. to Mt. Stirling, 6.4 mi. 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) W of US 95, 17 Apr 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Sep coll., GTA) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. Prosopis pubescens Benth. E of Nv 160, 3 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 17 coll., GTA) Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 23 Glaucopsyche lygdamus minipunctum Austin, 1998 Sep 1988 (and numerous additional dates) FABACEAE (principal adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, BB) Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. 3X NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 12 Apr on flower buds, 09:35, 2X 09:40 PST; behavior 1990 (ovip. on tight flower buds, 10:35 PST) much like Echinargus isola, see below) (NSM, (NSM, GTA #1512) GTA #991) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 28 Jul 1998 (adult (Plate 8F) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 5 Apr Psorothamnus fremontii (A.Gray) Barneby [Dalea fremontii 1988 (ovip. on unopened flower bud at base of A.Gray] (Plate 9A) lower surface, 12:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1464) NV: Clark Co.; US 93, Railroad Pass, 14 May 1977 (ovip. on new leaf growth, 10:30 PST) (Austin and Hemiargus ceraunus gyas (W. H. Edwards, 1871) Austin 1980) FABACEAE NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 5 mi. N of I-15, 14 May 1978 Acacia greggii A.Gray var. greggii* (Plate 8B) (ovip. on leaf buds, 09:15 PST) (Austin and Austin NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 2.1 mi. N of Clark Co. line, 1980) 24 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower buds, 12:00-12:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1024) Lycaeides anna anna (W. H. Edwards, 1861) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby* FABACEAE (Plate 8C) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts.; Lee Canyon ski area, 8 NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Marlette Lake Rd., Jul 1987 (ovip. at base of flower, 09:45 PST) 2.3 mi. S of Snow Valley Peak Rd., 30 Jun 1981 (NSM, GTA #1455) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Dalea capitata S.Watson (ornamental)** (i) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, W shore of Marlette NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Shadow Lane, 6 Nov Lake, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 2001 (ovip. on unopened flower bud, 14:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1696) Lycaeides melissa melissa (W. H. Edwards, 1873) Dalea molissima (Rydb.) Munz** FABACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Bridge Canyon, 3 Astragalus sp. (unidentifiable, no flowers or fruit) May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, alkali flat, 1.5 mi. S Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) of Moores Creek Rd., off Nv 386, 19 Jul 2001 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Valley, Mormon Farm, 4 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jul 1984 (ovip. 3X on unopened flower buds, NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland 10:00, 10:20, 10:25 PST) (NSM, GTA #1042) Mine Rd., 1.5 mi. E of Nv 386, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. Melilotus alba Medikus** (i) (Fig. 20) 2X on upper surface of leaf, 09:10 PST) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Calico Basin, Red coll., GTA) 80 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Astragalus alpinus L.* GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, end of Astragalus oophorus S.Watson* rd., 6 Jul 1978 (ovip. on young flower bud) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Summit Canyon, 9 Jul (UNLV, GTA) 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1076) Astragalus argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray var. martini M.E.Jones* Astragalus oophorus S.Watson var. oophorus* NV: Elko Co.; Butte Valley, 6.1 mi. N of Taylor NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 4 Jul Canyon junction, 14 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 1979 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA #1723) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 17 May Astragalus beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray var. purpureus M.E.Jones* 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May #1514) 1986 (ovip. on opening flower bud, 10:25 PST) Astragalus serenoi (Kuntze) E.Sheld. var. serenoi* (NSM, GTA #1264) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater Mts., Cox Canyon, 17 Astragalus canadensis L. var. brevidens (Gand.) Barneby May 1981 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 10:00 NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, Bellevue Rd., just PST) (NSMCC, GTA) E of US 395, 7 Aug 2001 (ovip. 2X at base of Astragalus tenellus Pursh* flowers, 08:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1659) NV: Elko Co.; Charleston-Jarbidge Rd., 3.6 mi. W of NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Ward Mountain Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, ski area, 7 Jul 1984 (ovip. 2X on flower buds, GTA #1852) different plants, 11:35 PST) (NSM, GTA #1051) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 5 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek 1978 (ovip. on opening flower bud, 09:45 PST) Campground, 30 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, (UNLV, GTA) GTA #1333) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Astragalus curvicarpus (A.Heller) J.F.Macbr.* Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (ovip. on stem beneath NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Range, Blue Lake flowers, 14:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1880) Rd., 2.0 mi. W of Nv 140, 31 May 1984 (ovip. at Lotus corniculatus L. [Lotus tenuis Willd.]* (i) (Plate 8E) base of flower, 08:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #946) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Rock Creek Ranch Rd., 9.5 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 24 Jun 1984 (ovip. at Rd., 0.6 mi. W of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (abdominal base of flower, 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1022b) probing around flowers on several occasions, but Lotus oblongifolius (Benth.) Greene* no oviposition noted) (NSM, GTA #928) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 Astragalus filipes A.Gray* (Fig. 13) Aug 1983 (ovip. on flower bud, 11:50 PST) (NSM, NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Rock Creek Ranch GTA #613) Rd., 0.6 mi. W of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (ovip. at Lotus utahensis Ottley* base of flower, 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #927) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 2 mi. N of Astragalus iodanthus S.Watson* Elgin, 18 Apr 1984 (ovip. beneath flower, 10:15 NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek PST) (NSM, GTA #789) Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (ovip. NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak on stem near flowers, 13:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Rd., 9.5 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 24 Jun 1984 (ovip. at #473) base of flower, 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1022a) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. (Plate 8D) Lupinus arbustus Dough. ex Lindl.* NV: Mineral Co.; Alkali Dry Lake Rd., 3.6 mi. N of NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic Nv 359, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Area rd., 4.8 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 7 Jul Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. diphysus (A.Gray) M.E.Jones 2003 (preovip. on flower bud) (no plant coll., (Plate 8D) GTA, cf GTA #1840) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone- Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh Atlanta Rd., 2.1 mi. S jct of Highline Rd., 1.2 mi. E (Plate 8F) on fence line, 31 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Deeth-Charleston Rd., 8.5 mi. S of GTA #1709) Marys River Rd., 24 Jul 2003 (ovip. on developing Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. toyabensis Barneby (Plate 8D) pod at junction with stem, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Mts, Stoneberger Canyon, #1925) 6.8 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Deeth-Charleston Rd., 28.2 mi. N of assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Deeth, 11 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. nr. var. variabilis Barneby (Plate #1971) 8D) Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, Sodaville, 18 Jun 1983 NV: Douglas Co.; Gardnerville (“feeding”, “host (ovip. on stem, 14:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #439) plant”) (Nice and Shapiro 1999, Fordyce and Nice Astragalus marianus (Rydb.) Barneby* 2003, Forister et al. 2006) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Dyer, 27 May Rd., 7000’, 20 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 81

NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 2.4 mi. S of NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, 1.0 mi. N Dyer, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., of Nye Co. line, 14 Jun 1990 (ovip. on flower, GTA) 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1519) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, 0.3 mi. E of US 95A, Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt.* 14 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, 12- NV: Lyon Co.; 0.5 mi. W of Dayton, 14 Aug 1979 13 mi. W of Nv 487, 18 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Smith Valley, Nv 829, 1.5 mi. S of Trifolium longipes Nutt. Wellington, 1 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Stoneberger Canyon, coll., GTA) 6.8 mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Mineral Co.; Schurz, 17 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) Trifolium monanthum A.Gray NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 9 Aug NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, trail from Pine Creek 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Camp to Mt. Jefferson, 10,500’, 4 Aug 1967 (ovip. NV: Pershing Co.; north side of Lovelock, 21 Sep on side of flower, 13:00 PST) (Shields et al. 1969) 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. (Fig. 25) NV: Washoe Co.; Verdi (“feeding”) (Nice and NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Reese River to Shapiro 1999) 0.5 mi. E, 20 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Washoe Co.; Verdi (“natal host”, “host plant”) GTA) (Nice et al. 2002, Forister et al. 2006) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 16 Jun Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (i) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.5 mi. Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on flower, 14:20 E of Reese River, 6 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no PST) (NSM, GTA #1060) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul Lycaeides melissa alateres Austin, 1998 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1621) FABACEAE NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Triple T Ranch, 9 Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1072) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 16 Oct NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. N of US 50, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 13 Jun 08:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1056) 1987 (ovip. on flower bud, 07:25 PST) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 GTA #1430) mi. N of US 50, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. at base of open NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 6 Sep flower, 08:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1056) 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Plebejus saepiolus rufescens (Boisduval, 1869) Lycaeides fridayi (F. H. Chermock, 1945) FABACEAE FABACEAE Trifolium longipes Nutt. Astragalus whitneyi A.Gray NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Snow Valley Peak Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 22 May 1984 (adult and ridge to the N, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #859) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv. 431, Tahoe NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak Rd., Meadows, 21 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, 9600-10000’, 23 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, 2.0 mi. E of Mt. NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak area, 2 Rose Summit, 30 Jun 1987 (ovip. on flowers, Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1234) 07:45, 07:50, 08:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1449) NV: Washoe Co.; Mt. Rose (“natal host”, “host NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv. 431, Tahoe plant”) (Nice et al. 2002, Forister et al. 2006) Meadows, 30 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1886) Plebejus saepiolus maculosus Austin, 1998 Trifolium repens L. (i) FABACEAE NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., Trifolium beckwithii S.Watson* 6.1 mi. S of Idaho state line, 17 Jun 2003 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1873) 7 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. (Fig. 25) GTA #1719) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, Dufurrena Ranch, 28 Jun 1987 (ovip. on flower, 13 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1719) 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1445) Trifolium eriocephalum Nutt. var. villiferum (House) J.S.Martin* NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek, 0.5. 82 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

mi. S of Jackass Creek, 27 Jun 1985 (ovip. on GTA #1865) outer petals, 10:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1220) NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. var. wormskioldii (Fig. 25) 9.7 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1908) Scraper Spring junction, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Humboldt Co.; Kelly Creek Rd., 16.5 mi. N of (NSM, GTA #1905) Nv 789 (4.2 mi. N of Kelly Creek Ranch), 24 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1809) Plebejus saepiolus albomontanus Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 4.8 mi. W of rd. to FABACEAE Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Trifolium andersonii A.Gray var. beatleyae (J.M.Gillett) Isely* GTA #1890) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., high pass above Lupinus lepidus Douglas* Trail Canyon, 11600-11800, 21 Jul 1981 (adult NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 8A, Gooch Spring assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Campground, 1 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Trifolium fragiferum L.* (i) GTA #953) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 7-9 Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. sellulus (Kellogg) Barneby* mi. W of Nv 264, 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; 1 mi. N of Winters Ranch (on Wolf (NSM, GTA #427) Creek), 23 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. (Fig. 25) #1808) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Middle Creek, 9- NV: Elko Co.; Nv 11 to Owyhee, 1.2 mi. N of Sheep 10.5 mi. W of Nv 264, 28 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) Creek junction, 27 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, (UNLV, GTA) GTA #1821) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 7-9 NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 2.3 mi. S mi. W of Nv 264, 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) of Greeley Crossing, 24 May 2003 (ovip. on flower (NSM, GTA #426) bud, 13:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1813) Lupinus nevadensis A.Heller* Icaricia icarioides pembina (W. H. Edwards, 1862) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Nv FABACEAE Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl. NV: Elko Co.; Nv 789, 3.8 mi. W of Midas junction, 23 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1806) Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Refuge, Nv 34A, 23.2 mi. W of Nv 8A, 14 Jun 1989 (ovip. on pedicel of unopened flower, 09:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1508) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 8A, 10.6 mi. E of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #934) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 8A, 26.2 mi. E of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #935) NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon Antelope Refuge, Nv 34A, 1.4 mi. W of Bald Mountain Summit, 29 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1447) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus × Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby NV: Elko Co.; Harris Gulch, Mountain City, 5650’, 1960 (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) [reported as Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. tenellus (G.Don) D.Dunn × Lupinus caudatus Kellogg] Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh] (Plate 8F) NV: Elko Co.; Midas Rd., 1.2 mi. N of Nv 789, 27 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1820) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge Rd., 5.2 mi. S of Coon Creek Summit, 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1858) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill Figure 24. Medicago sativa. Summit-Merritt Creek at junction with Sunflower Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 83

8A, 4.9 mi. W of Nv 140, 13 Jun 1989 (ovip. on May 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) pedicel, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1507) NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 6.3 mi. N of US 395, 2 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #955) Icaricia icarioides fulla (W. H. Edwards, 1870) NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Ward Mt. ski area, FABACEAE 7 Jul 1984 (ovip. on opening buds, 11:30 PST) Lupinus andersonii S.Watson (Fig. 26) (NSM, GTA #1048) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 14 Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus [Lupinus argenteus Pursh May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) var. tenellus (G.Don) D.Dunn] (Plate 8F) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Clear Creek NV: Elko Co.; 1 mi. NW of Lamoille, 5800’, 1959 Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of US 395, 26 May 1982 (adult (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) [reported as assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. tenellus (G.Don) D. Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl. Dunn] NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Genoa Canyon, 27 NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Valley, Ruby, 5975’, 1960 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #905) (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) [reported as NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. tenellus (G.Don) D. North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (ovip. at base Dunn] of unopened flower bud, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of #1228) Angel Lake, 5 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., Pequop Summit, 6800’, GTA) 1955 (“ova”) (Downey and Fuller 1961) [reported NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of as Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl. ssp. calcaratus Angel Lake, 10 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, (Kellogg) Dunn] GTA #1553) NV: Elko Co.; Winecup Ranch-Thurston Spring Rd., NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 0.5 mi. SE of 6.2 mi. N of Fenelon Junction, 12 Jun 1990 (ovip. Eureka, 7450’, 1955, 1959 (“ova”) (Downey and on unopened flower bud, 11:15 PST) (NSM, GTA Fuller 1961) [reported as Lupinus argenteus Pursh #1518) var. tenellus (G.Don) D.Dunn] NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 5.0 mi. E Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. argenteus × Lupinus argenteus of Nv 28, 30 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby #1885) NV: Elko Co.; 4 mi. W of Lamoille, 5700’, 1960 NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., rd. to Blue Mass (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) [reported as Scenic Area, 4.6 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 11 Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. tenellus (G.Don) D. Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1840) Dunn × Lupinus caudatus Kellogg] Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, Carroll [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg] (Plate 8F) Summit, 3 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Churchill Co.; Eastgate, 5900’, 1955 (“ova”) #961) (Downey and Fuller 1961, Downey and Dunn NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun 1964) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #341) NV: Elko Co.; Doby (= Adobe?) Summit, 6554’, NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Blossom Canyon, 7 1960 (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Secret Pass, 6150’, 1960 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, Austin (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) Summit, 8 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Esmeralda Co.; Log Spring, 2.5 mi. S of Nv 266, #1062) 27 May 1988 (ovip. on unopened flower bud, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 16 Jun 13:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1469) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Austin Summit, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 3.2 7000’, 1959 (“ova”) (Downey and Fuller 1961) mi. W of Nv 376, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek 15:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1063) Canyon, 4.8-5.3 mi. W of Nv 400, 22 May 1980 NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Highland Spring, (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 23 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, 11:10 PST) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby × (NSM, GTA #1011) Lupinus sp.? NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Tybo Canyon, 29 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Austin Summit, May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no. plant coll., GTA) 7000’, 1955 (“ova”) (Downey and Fuller 1961, NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May Downey and Dunn 1964) [reported as Lupinus 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1261) caudatus Kellogg × Lupinus sp.?] NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. meionanthus (A.Gray) Barneby Canyon, 4.8-5.3 mi. W of Nv 400, 22 May 1980 (Plate 8F) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Marlette Lake Rd. NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 29 at Snow Valley Peak Rd., 30 Jun 1981 (adult 84 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Snow Valley Peak and ridge to N, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; West Walker Rd., Aldrich Summit, 7 Jun 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1532) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Mt. Rose ski area, East Bowl, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1921) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. palmeri (S.Watson) Barneby (Plate 8F) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Dobbin Creek, 1.8 mi. E of Dobbin Summit, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Rush Creek, Robbers Roost, 2.0 mi. SW of Smoke Creek Rd., 29 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #914) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. parviflorus (Nutt.) C.L.Hitchc. (Plate 8F) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass, 7247’, 1960 (“ova”) (Downey and Dunn 1964) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh (Plate 8F) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 0.8 mi. N of Thomas Canyon Campground, 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1849) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Loties Canyon Rd., Figure 25. Trifolium wormskioldii. 2.5 mi. SW of Pleasant Valley Rd., 11 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1839) Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. utahensis (S.Watson) Barneby [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S.Watson) S.L.Welsh] (Plate 8F) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., mouth Lamoille Canyon, Lupinus latifolius J.Agardh 5900’, 1959 (“ova”) (Downey and Fuller 1961, NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Montreal Canyon, Downey and Dunn 1964) (reported as Lupinus 6 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) holosericeus Torr. & A.Gray) Lupinus lepidus Douglas* NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., Pequop Summit, 6800’, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon 1959 (“ova”) (Downey and Fuller 1961, Downey Rd. at CA state line, 23 May 1984 (adult assoc.) and Dunn 1964) (reported as as Lupinus (NSM, GTA #872) holosericeus Torr. & A.Gray) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge Campground, 8 Jun 1985 (ovip. at base of flower Rd., 4.8 mi. W of Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 on stem, 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1214) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1850) Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. lobbi (S.Watson) C.Hitchc.* NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, Rd., 2.3 mi. S of Wilson Peak, 17 Jun 1990 (adult 27 Jun 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1520) GTA #1568) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Morey Mine area, Lupinus nevadensis A.Heller* 28 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #277) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Rd. at CA state line, 16 May 1986 (ovip. on bud, Creek, 21 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 12:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1274) #1324) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Marlette Lake Rd., Creek, 12 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 2.3 mi. S of Snow Valley Peak Rd., 30 Jun 1981 #1713) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; W side of Butte Mts., Queue NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, W shore of Marlette Valley, 0.9 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May Lake, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1830) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. prunophilus (M.E.Jones) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 85

L.Phillips Falls and Cathedral Rock trail head, 30 Jul 2002 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Success (ovip.) (NSM, BB #59) Loop, 6.8 mi. N of Cave Lake State Park, 17 Jul 1991 (ovip. 2× on upper surface of lower leaves, Icaricia icarioides albihalos J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 13:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1525) 1998 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo FABACEAE Creek, 4.8 mi. E of summit, 31 May 2002 (adult Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1711) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 9-10 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, North mi. E of Mina Rd., 19 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) Creek, end of rd., 14 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #447) (NSM, GTA #1724) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Seigel Icaricia shasta shasta (W. H. Edwards, 1862) Creek Rd., 2.1 mi. S of Schellbourne Pass Rd., 10 FABACEAE Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1836) Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. lobbii (S.Watson) C.Hitchc.* NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Loties Canyon, 2.5 NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, mi. SW of Pleasant Valley Rd., 11 Jun 2003 (adult 21 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1839) GTA #1568) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, 17 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1568) GTA #1882) Lupinus sericeus Pursh Icaricia shasta pallidissima Austin, 1998 UT: Washington Co.; Pine Valley Mts., Leeds Creek FABACEAE Rd., 7 mi. W of Leeds, 19 Jun 1984 (ovip. on Astragalus sp. opening flower bud) (NSM, GTA #1007) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, trail from Dollar Lakes to Liberty Pass, 9600-10450’, 25 Icaricia icarioides austinorum J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Jul 1969 (attempted ovip. by several) (fide J. F. Mattoon, 1998 Emmel) FABACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, trail from Lupinus argenteus Pursh (Plate 8F) Wheeler Peak Campground to ridge above Stella NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Lake, 10000-11000’, 31 Jul 1969 (ovip. on stem at Campground, 27 Jun 1984 (ova on flower buds) underside of leaf base, 09:35 PST) (fide J. F. (NSM, GTA #1025) Emmel) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, Astragalus calycosus S.Watson (Plate 8C) 27 Jun 1984 (ovip. on tightly closed flower buds, NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, E side of alpine 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1032) plateau of Mt. Jefferson, 11,000’, 4 Aug 1967 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 8 (ovip.) (Emmel and Shields 1978b, see also Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of upper leaf, Downey 1975) 13:45 PST, most flowers past prime but still a few Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby flower buds) (NSM, GTA #1088) (originally (Plate 8C) determined as Lupinus alpestris Nelson) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, ridge 0.5 mi. Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. heteranthus (S.Watson) Barneby due N of Angel Lake, 8700’, 26 Jul 1969 (ovip. on [Lupinus caudatus Kellogg] (Plate 8F) upper surface of leaf, 13:30 PST) (Emmel and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon at Mack’s Shields 1978b) Canyon Rd., 23 Jun 1977 (ovip.) (UNLV, GTA) Astragalus newberryi A.Gray Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Range, summit of (Plate 8F) Buckskin Mt., 8740’, 11 Aug 1967 (several NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, showing preoviposition behavior) (Emmel and 29 Jun 1988 (ovip. 2× on unopened flower buds, Shields 1978b) 11:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #1475) Astragalus platytropis A.Gray NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Bunker Hill, Campground, 12 Jun 2001 (ovip. and larva on 11,400’, 4 Aug 1969 (ovip. on underside of petiole, flowers) (NSM, BB) 11:45 PST) (Emmel and Shields 1978b) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. var. sericea Torr. & A.Gray* Campground, 12 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of of leaf, 5-7 cm below flower stalk) (NSM, BB) Angel Lake, 4 Jun 1987 (ovip. on lower leaf NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon surface, 11:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1421) Campground, 22 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface Oxytropis parryi A.Gray of leaf) (NSM, BB) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, trail from NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, Little Wheeler Peak Campground to ridge above Stella 86 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Lake, 11,000’, 30 Jul 1969 (ovip. on lower surface acmon and phenotypes associated within the concept of I. lupini of petiole, 09:35 PST) (Emmel and Shields 1978b) in Nevada and is therefore considered a species-level taxon as Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt. suggested by Durden (2003). NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, trail from Wheeler Peak Campground to ridge above Stella Icaricia acmon (Westwood, 1851) Lake, 11,000’, 30 Jul 1969 (ovip. on lower surface FABACEAE of leaf, 09:00 PST) (Emmel and Shields 1978b) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. fremontii (A.Gray) S.Watson POLYGONACEAE* (Plate 8D) Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.** NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Wildhorse Creek 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 22 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (ovip. on upper leaf (UNLV, GTA) surface, 11:00 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) Lotus corniculatus L. [Lotus tenuis Willd.] (i) (Plate 8E) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium** (Plate 3E) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50 at Wildes Rd., 8 mi. E of NV: Elko Co.; Charleston-Jarbidge Rd., 3.6 mi. W of Fallon, 11 Aug 1998 (ovip. on flowers) (NSM, Marys River Rd., 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA [unnumbered], also cf GTA #601) GTA #1853) Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & E.G.Clem. NV: Esmeralda Co.; E base White Mts., Sand Spring, Icaricia shasta calchas (Behr, 1867) 24 Aug 1983 (ovip. at base of flower, 13:49 PST) FABACEAE (NSM, GTA #591) Astragalus whitneyi A.Gray Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. confertus (Kellogg) C.P. Smith* NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Corey Peak area, 2 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 23 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1234) Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) POLYGONACEAE* NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 Eriogonum latens Jeps.** Aug 1983 (ovip. beneath flowers, 10:50 PST) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., high pass above (NSM, GTA #608) Trail Canyon, 11600-11800’, 21 Jul 1981 (ovip. on POLYGONACEAE flowers, 12:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum elatum Benth.* (Fig. 23) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Icaricia shasta charlestonensis (Austin, 1980) Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 30 Jul 1988 (adult FABACEAE assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum* (Plate 8C) NV: Washoe Co.; US 395, Anderson Siding opposite NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 Red Rock exit, 30 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no Jul 1987 (ovip. on flowers, 08:05 PST) (NSM, plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1735) GTA #1455) Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 A.Gray (Plate 4E, Fig. 22) Jul 1987 (ovip. on leaf petiole junction on NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, flowerless plant, 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1455) 18 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #193) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 25 Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides* (Fig. 15) Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 30 Rd., 4.2 mi. N of Charleston, 14 Jun 2003 (adult Jul 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1857) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. (Fig. 28) Icaricia acmon/Icaricia lupini group NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass, 6 Jul 1978 The taxonomic resolution of the Icaricia acmon/Icaricia lupini (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1679) group of taxa is as poor or poorer yet than that of Euphilotes. Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. nudum Species limits are confounded and historical taxonomic alignments NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 (e.g., Miller and Brown 1981) appear incorrect (e.g., Scott 1998b, Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1944) Opler 2003). Subspecifically recognized taxa and even more Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. pubiflorum Benth. poorly differentiated phenotypes may represent species-level NV: Washoe Co.; Lost Creek Rd., 11.0 mi. E of Nv entities in themselves (Bálint and Johnson 1997, Opler 2003, 447, 10 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Opler and Warren 2002, Warren 2005, P. Opler, pers. comm.). #1752) Herein, for lack of a better taxonomy, three species-level entities Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi are recognized: Icaricia acmon, I. texanus, and I. lupini. It is Tidestrom] acknowledged that the subspecific names applied may be later NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, Sand Mountain, 15 Jul modified and that additional species may be embedded within this 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) taxonomy. Icaricia texanus has been considered as a subspecies NV: Humboldt Co.; Jungo Rd., 9.5 mi. E of Bottle of I. acmon nearly exclusively since its description (Goodpasture Creek Rd., 11 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1973, Scott 1996a; but see Pelham 2008), but co-occurs with I. coll., cf GTA #1665) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 87

NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 15 mi. NNW of Winnemucca, 25 Aug 2001 (2 larvae reared to adult) (fide J. Wolfe) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.4 mi. W of US 95, 9 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.4 mi. W of US 95, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 4.4 mi. W of US 95, 12 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium [Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. nevadense Gand.] (Plate 3E) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #413) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass Rd., 1.2 mi. W of Sand Pass, 25 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1818) Eriogonum plumatella Durand & Hilg.* NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 21 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum robustum Greene [Eriogonum lobbii Torr. & A.Gray var. robustum (Greene) M.E.Jones] NV: Storey Co.; SE of Virginia City, 15 Jun 1972 (adult assoc.) (Scott 1986b, 1992) Eriogonum rosense Nelson & Kenn.* NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above treeline on Mt. Rose, 31 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1949, Bret Boyd) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City line, 16 May 1981 (ovip. on flower) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes (Plate 4A) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, Griffith Peak trail, 24 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) Eriogonum wrightii Benth. NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 26 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. subscaposum S.Watson NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338 at CA state line, 16 Sep 1996 (ovip. beneath flowers, 14:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1537)

Icaricia texanus (Goodpasture, 1973) FABACEAE Astragalus aequalis Clokey* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May Figure 26. Lupinus andersonii. 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1541) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson* (Plate 8C) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw Rd., 4.2 mi. E of US 95, 3 Apr 1980 (ovip. on Mine, 15.5 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (adult flower bud) (NSMCC, GTA) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #831) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. (Plate 8D) Astragalus calycosus S.Watson var. mancus (Rydb.) Barneby* NV: Clark Co.; Nv 68, 3.6 mi. E of CA state line, 4 (Plate 8C) May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ballfield, 7 NV: Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mts., US 93, 6.0 mi. E of Jul 1977 (ovip. at base of flower) (UNLV, GTA) Oak Spring Summit, 23 Apr 1986 (ovip. on Astragalus laynae Greene* unopened flower buds, 13:10 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass #1239) 88 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. floribundus A.Gray (Plate 8D) GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Larkin Dry Lake Rd., 4.8 mi. N of NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 6 mi. SE of Nv 359, 6 Jun 1981 (ovip. on flower bud, 09:00 Elgin, 31 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) PST) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. argense (M.E.Jones) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. fremontii (A.Gray) S.Watson Munz* (Plate 3F) (Plate 8D) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Strozzi Ranch, 9 Aug NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA 1.5 mi. S of Nv 160, 11 May 1978 (adult assoc.) #528) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass Rd., 16.7 mi. W of US 95, 11 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) 0.6 mi. S of Nv 160, 28 May 1978 (ovip. on flower no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #528) bud, 09.25 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.* (Fig. 28) Astragalus newberryi A.Gray* NV: Lincoln Co.; Clover Mts., near Garden Spring, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 14 Aug 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., fide P. 17 Jun 1977 (attempted ovip. on flower, no ovum Savage) found) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Var. lapidicola Reveal* Astragalus platytrophis A.Gray* NV: Nye Co.; Wayne E. Kirch WMA, 150 yds. E of NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Charleston Peak trail, Adams-McGill Reservoir Dam, 18-19 Aug 2005 10000’, 14 Jul 1977 (preovip. behavior among (adult assoc.) (UNLV, BB) flowers, no ova found) (UNLV, GTA) Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Lotus corniculatus L. [Lotus tenuis Willd.]* (i) (Plate 8E) Tidestrom]* NV: Clark County, Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 322, 2.1 mi. E of US 93, 3 Sep Mormon Ranch, 10 Apr 2000 (adult assoc.) (no 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #651) plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1 mi. W of Nv 8A, 11 Jul 1978 NV: Clark County, Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #531) Mormon Ranch, 6 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1 mi. W of Nv 8A, 28 Jul 1978 plant coll., BB) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #531) Lotus humistratus Greene* NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1 mi. W of Nv 8A, 6 Aug 1978 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #531) 18 May 1983 (ovip. on flower bud, 09:00 PST) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium (Plate 3E) (NSM, GTA #166) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 18.2 Lupinus argenteus Pursh* (Plate 8F) mi W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Highland Spring, plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #250) 23 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower, 11:15 PST) (NSM, Eriogonum palmerianum Munz* GTA #1011) NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 1.1 mi. N of Echo Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh* Dam, 25 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #493) (Plate 8F) Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, 4.0 mi. E of Campground, 12 Jul 2001 (larva, pupated 16 Jul, Cherry Creek Summit, 11 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) em. 23 Jul) (NSM, BB) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #539) Oxytropis oreophila A.Gray** Eriogonum shockleyi S.Watson var. shockleyi* (Plate 4F) NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Deadman Canyon to NV: White Pine Co.; Baking Powder Flat, 1 mi. S of Wiregrass Spring, 13 Jun 1983 (ovip. on open Blind Spring, 19 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant flower, 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #403) coll., GTA, cf GTA #660) POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) Eriogonum elatum Benth.* (Fig. 23) NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 17 Jun Summit to 1.5 mi W, 14 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes (Plate 4A) Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 1 Jul assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 20 Jul 1978 A.Gray (Plate 4E, Fig. 22) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 29 May Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. wrightii 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 26 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) 18 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #193) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.6 mi. SE Icaricia lupini lutzi (dos Passos, 1938) of Elgin, 31 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, POLYGONACEAE AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 89

Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.* Crystal Bay, vicinity of First Creek, 30 Jun 2003 NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, 0.5 mi. E of (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1883) Angel Lake, 5 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 10 GTA) Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Eriogonum elatum Benth. (Fig. 23) GTA #1944) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Hinkey Summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Icaricia lupini goodpasturei Austin, 1978 GTA) POLYGONACEAE NV: Humboldt Co.; Buckskin Mt., Windy Gap to Eriogonum elatum Benth. (Fig. 23) summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., spring 4 mi. E of GTA) East Gate, 25 Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (Langston Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. (Fig. 15) 1983) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, Maggie NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Jackass Creek Summit, 23 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Rd., 0.4-1.2 mi. W of Desert Creek Rd., 4 Jun 1981 GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 3.3 mi. E of North NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Fork Summit, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, 11 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., lower Desert Creek, NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse 3 Jul 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Crossing Campground, 19 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 4.5 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 9.2 mi. assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) W of Nv 225, 17 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek coll., GTA) Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 30 Jul 1988 (adult Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides (Fig. 15) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 19 Jul Rd., 4.2 mi. N of Charleston, 14 Jun 2003 (adult 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #489) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1857) Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 17 Jul Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (ovip. on 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA flower bud, 12:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1861) #1620) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. (Fig. 15) NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Hinkey NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Creek, 5.0 mi. E of Nv 486, 15 Jul 1981 (adult GTA) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass, 6 Jul 1978 Creek, 21 Jun 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1679) #1326) Eriogonum strictum Benth. var. proliferum (Torr. & A.Gray) Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides Reveal* (but see Warren 2005) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Crossing Campground, 24 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) GTA #1881) (NSM, GTA #1927) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 16 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts.; 0.5 mi. S of Bonanza Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Gulch, 8000-9500’, 22 Jul 1969 (ovip. on edge of Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi flower bud, 10:30 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel; Tidestrom] Goodpasture 1971, 1974) NV: Nye Co.; E of Hot Creek Range, 1/2 rd. mi. E of NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts.; peak 1/3 mi. W of Liberty Sandy Summit on Hwy 6, 2 Aug 1969 (larva reared Pass, 10975’, 25 Jul 1969 (attempted ovip.) (fide J. to adult) (Goodpasture 1971, 1974) F. Emmel) Eriogonum ochrocephalum S.Watson var. alexanderae Reveal* NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Buckskin Mt., NV: Lyon Co.; West Walker Rd., Aldrich Summit, 7 Windy Gap to summit, 10 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) Jun 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1531) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. ovalifolium (Plate 3E) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts, Trail Canyon rd., Icaricia lupini lupini (Boisduval, 1869) 11.6 mi. W of Nv 264, 17 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) POLYGONACEAE (NSM, GTA #413) Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. nudum* Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var. nivale (Canby) M.E.Jones NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, ca. 1 mi. N of (Plate 3E) 90 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, North GTA #916) Schell Peak, 11883’, 1 Aug 1969 (ovip. on underside of young stem, 11:35 PST) (fide J. F. Icaricia lupini alpicola J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, 1998 Emmel, Goodpasture 1971) POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum palmerianum Munz Eriogonum latens Jeps.* NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower end of Birch NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., high pass above Creek, 4 Aug 1969 (larva reared to adult) Trail Canyon, 11600-11800’, 21 Jul 1981 (adult (Goodpasture 1971, 1974) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Eriogonum robustum Greene [Eriogonum lobbii Torr. & A.Gray var. robustum (Greene) M.E.Jones] Agriades podarce podarce (C. & R. Felder, 1865) NV: Lyon Co.; 1 mi. N of Silver City, 19 Jun 1970 PRIMULACEAE (adult assoc.) (Goodpasture 1971) Dodecatheon alpinum (A.Gray) Greene Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Marlette Lake Rd. NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, S fork Birch Creek, at Snow Valley Peak Rd., 19 Aug 1980 (adult 24 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 24 Jun NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Washoe Co. line, 1 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun plant coll., GTA) 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 2.0 mi. E NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Corral Canyon, 6.4 of Mt. Rose Summit, 9 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 16 Jun 1981 (adult plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, NE side of Marlette NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 21 Lake, 19 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Reese River Canyon, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, 26 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (fide D. Murphy) 21 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Creek, 23 Jun NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv. 431, 2 mi. E of 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Mt. Rose Summit, 17 Jun 2000 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Reese River Canyon plant coll., GTA) from Cow Canyon trailhead, 25 Jun 1994 (adult NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 17 Jun 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ledbetter Canyon, 25 NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Mt. Rose Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground, 31 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 23 Jun coll., GTA) 1983 (ovip. on stem below flower head, 11:30 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Agriades podarce cilla (Behr, 1867) NV: White Pine Co.; Diamond Mts., 0.1 mi. E of PRIMULACEAE Newark Summit, 21 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) Dodecatheon alpinum (A.Gray) Greene (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. glaberrimum (Gand.) Reveal Canyon, 6 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., [Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. aureum (Gand.) Reveal] (Plate GTA) 4A) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Heavenly Valley NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Bald Mt. and North, East Peak area, 28 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) ridge to S, 11000-11562’, 30 Jul 1969 (ovip. on (no plant coll., GTA) bract of flower head, 09:25 PST) fide( J. F. Emmel, Goodpasture 1971) Echinargus isola (Reakirt, [1867]) Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. nevadense Gand. (Plate 4A) FABACEAE NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts, Trail Canyon, 17 Jun Acacia greggii A.Gray var. greggii* (Plate 8B) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #411) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 2.1 mi. N of Clark Co. line, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., East Sister area, 26 24 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower buds, 12:00-12:15 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1219) PST) (NSM, GTA #1024) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 5.5 mi. Medicago lupulina L. (i) E of Mina Rd., 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 9 Jun 1984 GTA #440) (ovip. on opening flower bud, 14:45 PST) (NSM, NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 9-10 GTA #984) mi. E of Mina Rd., 18 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no Medicago sativa L. (i) (Fig. 24) plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #440) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Crutcher Canyon, 19 Jul 1987 (ovip. on base of flower stalk, mid-flower Jun 1982 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf head, 10:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1453) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 91

Melilotus alba Medikus (i) (Fig. 20) RIODINIDAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 14 Jun 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Larval hostplants have been determined for the five species NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon of metalmarks known in Nevada. These include plants of three Campground, 27 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae) and encompass 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1029a) 16 species (22 butterfly/plant combinations); all except three NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek picnic area, species have previously been reported for the species of butterfly 27 Jun 1984 (ovip. on unopened flower bud, 11:45 in question. Too little information is available to generalize on PST) (no plant coll., GTA) oviposition behavior. Associations by adults offer good clues to NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun their larval hostplants; the larvae feed largely on leaves, but these 1984 (ovip. on unopened flower bud, 12:15 PST) plants are often the only or principal source of nectar. (NSM, GTA #1035) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Shoshone Ponds, Calephelis nemesis dammersi McAlpine, 1971 1 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) ASTERACEAE Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (i) Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. (Fig. 27) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lovell Canyon, 7.0 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 27 Sep E of Nv 160, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on open flower, 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1005) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowman’s Reservoir, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon 17 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground, 27 Jun 1984 (ovip. on flower bud, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep 08:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1029b) 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1500) Oxytropis oreophila A.Gray** NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 23 NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Deadman Canyon to Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf Wiregrass Spring, 13 Jun 1983 (close assoc., one GTA #1500) female observed probing with abdomen at base of flower, but no ova found) (NSM, GTA #403) Calephelis wrighti Holland, 1930 Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) ASTERACEAE M.Johnston (Fig. 29) Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene var. aspera Greene (Plate 12B) NV: Clark Co.; Paradise Valley, 29 May 1977 (and NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 7 several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant Oct 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult coll., GTA) assoc.) (UNLV, NSM, GTA, cf GTA #177) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 20 20 Apr 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sep 1978 (and several subsequent dates) (adult NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Indian Springs, 4 Jun 1992 assoc.) (UNLV, NSM, GTA #177) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 3 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 17 Sep 1984 (larvae resting on stems, raised to adult) Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1167) Prosopis pubescens Benth.* NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 13 NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (ovip. on Sep 1984 (many larvae feeding on stem epidermis) open flower, 09:35; ovip. on dry flower, 09:35 (NSM, GTA #1202) PST; female flies slowly among branches, lands on NV: Clark Co.; Eldorado Canyon, 14.0 mi. E of US flower head, walks towards its base feeling much 95, 13 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., with the antennae, then finally oviposits) (NSM, GTA) GTA #991) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, Psorothamnus fremontii (A.Gray) Barneby [Dalea fremontii 29 Sep 1984 (larvae feeding on stem epidermis) A.Gray]* (Plate 9A) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 9 mi. W of NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 9.8 mi. E of Davis Dam, 3 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant US 95, 14 Sep 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., coll., GTA) GTA) Psorothamnus polydenius (S.Watson) Rydb. [Dalea polydenius NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.0 mi. E S.Watson]* of US 95, 17 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Nv 264, 1.2 coll., GTA) mi. S of US 6, 29 Aug 1983 (close adult assoc., NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, females showing preoviposition behavior among 17 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) flowers) (NSM, GTA #622) NV: Humboldt Co.; Jackson Creek Rd., 1.4 mi. N of Apodemia mormo mormo (C. & R. Felder, 1859) Sulphur, 10 Aug 2001 (ovip. on flower bud, 11:15 POLYGONACEAE PST) (NSM, GTA #1669) Eriogonum elatum Benth. var. elatum (Fig. 23) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul 92 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1620) #1767) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, upper Kingston NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Powell Canyon, 26 Canyon, 2 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1536) #1739) NV: Pershing Co.; Seven Troughs Range, Seven NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower Kingston Troughs, 3 Oct 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB #90) Canyon, 25 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal #1768) [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Reveal] 1.1 mi. E of summit, 20 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, 10.6 mi. W of Lida (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1739) Summit, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 2.8 mi. #628) W of Kingston Canyon summit, 20 Aug 2003 NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 319, 1.5 mi. E of Panaca, 3 Sep (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1958) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #637) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 3.0 mi. N of Panaca Canyon, 4.5 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult junction, 19 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; US 395, Anderson Siding opposite NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, US 6, 5 mi. W of Five Red Rock Rd., 5 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant Mile Spring, 6400’, 2 Aug 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide coll., GTA, cf GTA #1735) J. F. Emmel) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. humilius (S. Stokes) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Tybo Canyon, 11 Reveal (Plate 3F) Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #711) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, 6.0 mi. E of CA state Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.* line, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Canyon, 5 #629) Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1533) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 6, 0.1 mi. E of Mineral Co. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. (Plate 4A, Fig. 17) line, 8 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1494) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) Rd., 8000-8300’, 29 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, 6 mi. NW of Petes plant coll., GTA) Summit, 21 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (fide O. Eriogonum wrightii Benth. Shields) NV: Douglas County, Carson Range, Lower Daggett NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Powell Canyon, 26 Creek, 23 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Aug 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1536) Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. subscaposum S.Watson NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 3 Aug NV: Storey Co.; Nv 341, Seven Mile Canyon, 30 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel) Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1780) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 16 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Apodemia mormo parva Austin, 1998 NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Stoneberger Canyon, POLYGONACEAE 22 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (fide O. Shields) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Bordoli Ranch, NV: Eureka Co.; US 50, 1.0 mi. W of Eureka, 1 Aug 11 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. ambiguum (M.E.Jones) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. Reveal NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 8 mi. Pequop Summit, 5 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, W of Nv 264, 23 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #668) GTA #574) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop NV: Mineral Co.; White Mts., US 6, 1.2 mi. E of Summit, 28 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Montgomery Pass, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) #1485) (NSM, GTA #621) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2 mi. W of Pequop NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat, 0.6 mi. S of Nv Summit, 20 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 447, 13 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA GTA) #1973) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Lake Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. laxiflorum Hook. (Fig. 28) Rd., 4.6 mi. W of Wells, 20 Aug 2001 (adult CA: Mono Co.; Aurora, 2 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1678) (NSM, BB #180) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass, 21 Aug NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, US 50, Hickson 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1679) Petroglyph area, 24 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Charleston-Jarbidge Rd., 16.6 mi. E of GTA #1763) Nv 225, 22 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower Kingston GTA) Canyon, 25 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 93

Campground, 1 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) GTA #1737) Reveal] NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Success NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Nv 160 at Potosi Mt. Summit, 23 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Rd., 15 Aug 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1758) #1489) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Canyon, 1.1 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 19 Aug Tidestrom] 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1956) NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park Rd., 2.5 mi. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, E of US 93, 24 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Kalamazoo-North Creek Rd., 2.0 mi. W of coll., GTA) Kalamazoo Summit, 19 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) Eriogonum plumatella Durand & Hilg. (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1956) NV: Clark Co.; Gold Butte area, Devils Cove Rd., Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal 1.6 mi. SE of Gold Butte Rd., 17 Sep 2003 (adult [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1976) Reveal] Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. subaridum S. Stokes (Plate 4A) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., Nv 46, 0.6 mi. NW NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 24 Aug of Eureka, 9 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #698) #1922) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 0.7 mi. N of Eureka, Eriogonum wrightii Benth. 28 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #698) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek, 19 Sep 1979 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) Apodemia mormo autumnalis Austin, 1998 NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 8 Sep POLYGONACEAE 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1967) Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. var. corymbosum Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. wrightii NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Big. Spring, 15 Oct NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ice Box Canyon, 21 Oct 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB #189) Eriogonum deflexum Torr. var. deflexum* NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., 5.8 mi. W of Whitney Apodemia mejicanus deserti Barnes & McDunnough, 1918 Pass, 14 Sep 1988 (ovip. at flower base, 10:35 POLYGONACEAE PST) (NSM, GTA #1497) Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. var. nilesii Reveal* Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. (Plate 3F) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Sunset Rd. at Whitney NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 9 mi. S of Mesa, 12 Oct 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Caliente, 30 Aug 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide C. NV: Clark Co.; I-15, between Lamb Blvd. and Craig Callaghan) Rd., 3 Oct 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1503) Eriogonum heermannii Durand & Hilg. var. sulcatum (S.Watson) Eriogonum deflexum Torr. Munz & Reveal (Plate 3F) NV: Clark Co.; 0.5 mi. E of Boulder City, 3 Oct 1977 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2-3 mi. N of Red Cloud (ovip. at base of flower) (Austin and Austin 1980) Mine, 2, 11 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (Austin and Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & Austin 1980) A.Gray (Plate 4E, Fig. 22) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2-3 mi. N of Red Cloud NV: Clark Co.; US 91, Railroad Pass, several dates Mine, 21 Aug 1983, 2 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) (NSM, GTA #1162) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Lucy Gray Mts., microwave towers, several dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 3.4 mi. E of powerline rd., 29 Aug 2003 (adult 1980) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 1 mi. W Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. (Fig. 28) of US 95, 22 Jun 1965 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, several coll., GTA) dates (adult assoc.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 8 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. W of Mountain Apr 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult Springs Summit, 18 Sep 1977 (adult assoc.) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Railroad Pass, 14 May 1977 (and NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 7 Oct several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 20 Jul NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 2.5 mi. W 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of US 95, 13 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2-3 mi. W of Red Cloud coll., GTA) Mine, 21 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, (GTA NV: Clark County; Las Vegas Wash. 29 Mar 1982 #560) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Mormon Well Rd., 3.5 94 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

mi. S of US 93, 26 Apr 1983 (adult assoc.) (no also Emmel et al. 1970) plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 1 mi. W of jct. NV: Clark Co.; Eldorado Canyon, 15 Apr 1995 (adult Nv 8A, 28 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 1 mi. W of jct. NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree Nv 8A, 6 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Pass, 2.1 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (adult GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, US 6, 4.4 mi. E of NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 9.1 mi. SW of Beatty, 7 Apr Tonopah, 20 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 9 mi. W of Beatty, 14 Apr Eriogonum plumatella Durand & Hilg. 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 10 mi. W of Davis Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Frém. Dam, 3 Aug 1977 (larvae on flower head, raised to NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 1 mi. W adult [fed on flower parts]) (Austin and Austin of US 95, 22 Jun 1965 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Searchlight, 1 Oct 1968 (larvae) (Thorne 1969) NV: Clark Co.; Nv 160, 3 mi. W of Blue Diamond turnoff, 16 Apr 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas Wash, 29 Mar 1982 (adult assoc.) (fide R. Robertson) NV: Clark Co.; 1.7 mi. N of Mesquite, 1 Apr 1982 (larvae) (fide J. Harry) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Cheyenne Ave., 0.9 mi. E of US 95, 28 Apr 1983 (ovip. on upper stem, 11:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #61) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 3 mi. N of Clark Co. line, 14 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; powerline rd. NE of Carp-Elgin rd., Toquop Wash, 31 Mar 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Nv 374, 9.1 mi. SW of Beatty, 7 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Nv 160, 1.0 mi. NE of Johnnie, 17 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Var. lapidicola Reveal (Fig. 28) NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Wayne E. Kirch WMA, 150 yds. E of Adams-McGill Reservoir Dam, 18-19 Aug 2005 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, BB) Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. simpsoni (Benth.) Reveal [Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. foliosum (Torr. & A.Gray) Reveal] NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 3.2 mi. S of Goldfield Summit, 6 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1178) Eriogonum nummulare M.E.Jones [Eriogonum kearneyi Tidestrom] NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, Nv 264, 1.2 mi. S of US 6, 29 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #625) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 6, 0.1 mi. E of Mineral Co. line, 8 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1493) NV: Mineral Co.; US 6 at Esmeralda Co. line, 15 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1493) NV: Nye Co.; Ralston Valley, 1.5 mi. W of jct. Nv Figure 27. Baccharis salicifolia. 8A and US 6, 5600’, 2 Aug 1969 (mature larva resting on stem, em. 1 Sep 1969) (fide J. F. Emmel, AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 95

1980) Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1983 21 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Nye Co.; 5 mi. N of Nv 160, Cherry Patch 13 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ranch Rd., 7 Oct 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, Hiko Spring, coll., GTA) 22 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Nv 372, 0.2 mi. E of CA state line, 28 Eriogonum wrightii Benth. var. wrightii May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Nv 372, 1.2 mi. E of CA state line, 28 27 Sep 1977 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Nv 372, 6.6 mi W of Pahrump, 9 Jun 26 Sep 1978 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; 3 mi. N of Cherry Patch Ranch, 10 Jun Apodemia palmerii palmerii (W. H. Edwards, 1870) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) FABACEAE Prosopis pubescens Benth. Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 29 May M.Johnston (Fig. 29) 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 17 Jun (no plant coll., GTA) 1969 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 2 Aug (no plant coll., GTA) 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, vicinity of Warm California Wash, 17 Apr 1977 (and many Springs, 23 Sep 1988 (and many subsequent dates) subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, BB) GTA, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 NV: Clark Co.; Tule Springs, 8 Jun 1977 (adult May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 28 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Paradise Valley, 31 Jul Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1977 (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Valley, rd. to Juanita Springs, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, 0.9 mi. S of junction with Riverside Rd., 17 Sep 10 May 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark County; Moapa Valley, vicinity of NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 8 Sep 1981 (adult Overton WMA, 20 May 1979 (adult assoc.) (no assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (adult NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Cactus Springs, 10 Jun 1983 assoc.) (NSM, GTA #991) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 28 Jul 1998 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 2 Sep assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 NYMPHALIDAE Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, vicinity of Warm Nymphalids are represented by 62 species in Nevada of which Springs, 23 Sep 1988 (and many subsequent dates) 10 are of uncertain status (two may breed on occasion) or probable (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, BB) strays. Of the resident species, at least one larval hostplant NV: Clark Co.; Desert NWR, Corn Creek, 17 Aug is known or suspected for 47. These include a variety of often 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) taxon-specific families of plants (e.g., Poaceae for Satyrinae, NV: Clark Co.; US 95, Indian Springs, 4 Jun 1992 Apocynaceae for Danainae, Violaceae for Speyeria, Orobanchaceae (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) and Plantaginaceae for Euphydryas, Asteraceae for Phyciodes). NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 17 Jun 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) LIBYTHEINAE NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 3 May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Larvae of libytheines feed nearly exclusively on Celtis NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 20 (Ulmaceae) worldwide. Libytheana in Nevada is not permanently May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) resident and its breeding status is unknown. It has, however, been NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 20 May recorded in association with the only species of Celtis known from 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) the state that is a larval hostplant elsewhere. That plant, however NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 4 Sep is rare and local, but the butterfly is seen mostly in situations far 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) from it. NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 28 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Libytheana bachmanii streckeri Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 28 ULMACEAE 96 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Celtis reticulata Torr. NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 9.8 mi. S of Speyeria nokomis apacheana (Skinner, 1918) Caliente, 22 Sep 1984 (several adults perching in VIOLACEAE tree) (no plant coll., GTA) Viola sororia Willd. ssp. affinis (LeConte) R.J.Little [Viola nephrophylla Greene] (Plate 5B) HELICONIINAE NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Marshes, Ruby Valley Rd., 2.5 mi. N of Ruby Valley NWR headquarters, 14 Aug Potential larval hostplants have been determined for nine of 1981 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) the ten species of heliconiines resident in Nevada. These include (NSMCC, GTA) seven species of Violaceae (18 butterfly/plant combinations), NV: Elko Co.; Pleasant Valley, Nv 227, 3.9 mi. W of the principal hostplants for most species of the subfamily in the Lamoille Canyon Rd., 15 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) holarctic. Two of these are newly reported for the species in (no plant coll., GTA) question. Hostplants for Speyeria are particularly difficult to NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Valley, Nv 229, 2.4 mi. N of determine since oviposition is nearly always away from the larval junction with Nv 767, 8 Jul 1989 (adult assoc.) (no hostplant (Wagner et al. 1997, Kopper et al. 2000) and larvae plant coll., GTA) are often nocturnal (Scudder 1889, Forbes 1960). Further, most NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, violets have senesced by the time of oviposition by Speyeria when 6400’, 5 Aug 1967 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel) they are not readily located or identified (e.g., Shapiro et al. 1979). NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Associations may best be inferred by searching for Viola in known 28 Aug 1984 (and several subsequent dates) (adult habitat of Speyeria during spring when these plants are in flower, assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) highly apparent, and readily determined. Many sites so searched NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.6 mi. in Nevada seem to be inhabited by a single species of Viola. It is in E of Reese River, 28 Aug 1988 (and several this vein that the following tentative and incomplete associations subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., are given with the realization that other, rarer, species of Viola may also be present and used, but were not encountered. Larvae of Speyeria apparently can feed on any species of Viola available (Mattoon et al. 1971, Brittnacher et al. 1978, Hammond 1981), but the distributions of adults may be variably confounded by their movements for nectar, water, and/or hilltops.

Speyeria cybele leto (Behr, 1862) VIOLACEAE Viola sororia Willd. ssp. affinis (LeConte) R.J.Little [Viola nephrophylla Greene]* (Plate 5B) NV: Carson City; Kings Canyon, 15 Jun 1969 (larva reared to adult) (fide S. O. Mattoon) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 19 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, 5.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 10 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 18 Jul 1981 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., US 395, 2.9 mi. N of Holbrook junction, 6 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 4.9 mi. N of Sweetwater Summit, 1 Aug 1981 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #894) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 3.8 mi S of Sweetwater Summit, 1 Aug 1981 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., upper Desert Creek, 5 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Figure 28. Eriogonum microthecum, NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 97

GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Julian Rd., 0.9 mi. N of junction to NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Gilman Spring, 20 Smith Valley Rd on Sunrise Pass Rd., 7 Aug 2002 Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 11 Sep NV: Lyon Co.; Smith Valley, 4.2 mi. S of junction of 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sunrise Pass Rd., 7 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul plant coll., GTA) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 3.5 mi. N of Eagle Speyeria callippe nevadensis (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Valley Dam, 25 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant VIOLACEAE coll., GTA) Viola beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, US 93, Geysers NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, foothills behind Old Ranch, 31 Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Coach Way, 4 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (fide D. GTA) Murphy) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 8 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Speyeria callippe semivirida (McDunnough, 1924) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Washington Creek, 5 VIOLACEAE Aug 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Viola beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Marysville Creek, 8 NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat, 0.6 mi. S of Nv Aug 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 447, 2 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, NV: White Pine Co.; Ruby Marshes, Ruby Valley cf GTA #1796) Rd., 3.8 mi. S of Elko Co. line, 14 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Speyeria callippe harmonia dos Passos & Grey, 1945 NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek VIOLACEAE Campground, 18 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) Viola adunca Smith (NSMCC, GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, lower East NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Cleveland Creek, 23 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ranch, 15 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf also GTA #1738, #1834) GTA) Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. [Viola vallicola A.Nelson NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Bird var. major (Hook.) Fabijan] Creek, 1 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Coon Creek Summit to GTA) 4.0 mi. S, 9 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek GTA, cf GTA #1859) Campground, 21 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo coll., GTA) Creek Rd., east of summit, 25 Jul 1981 (and several NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Berry subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Creek, 1.0 mi. E of Duck Creek Rd., 22 Aug 2002 GTA, cf GTA #1708) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Campground, 27 Jul 1983 (and several subsequent Speyeria nokomis carsonensis Austin, 1998 dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA VIOLACEAE #1835) Viola sororia Willd. ssp. affinis (LeConte) R.J.Little [Viola Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (A.Nelson) St. John [Viola nephrophylla Greene] (Plate 5B) vallicola A.Nelson var. vallicola] NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 18 NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Jul 1981 (and many subsequent dates) (adult Crossing Campground, 8 Jul 1978 (and many assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., US 395, 2.9 mi. N GTA, cf GTA #1822) of Holbrook junction, 6 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, end of (no plant coll., GTA) rd., 7 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 4.9 mi. N cf GTA #1846) of Sweetwater Summit, 1 Aug 1981 (and several Viola purpurea Kellogg (Fig. 30) subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., cf NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber GTA #894) Creek Campground, 15 Jul 1981 (and several NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 3.8 mi S of subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Sweetwater Summit, 1 Aug 1981 (and several GTA, cf GTA #1704) subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Speyeria zerene gunderi (J. A. Comstock, 1925) NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Grove Hills, Nye Canyon, 0.7- VIOLACEAE 1.0 mi. E of Nv 338, 1 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Viola adunca Smith plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Thomas Creek 98 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Campground and vicinity, 15 Aug 1981 (and var. major (Hook.) Fabijan] several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo coll., GTA, cf GTA #1847) Creek Rd., east of summit, 25 Jul 1981 (and several Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (A.Nelson) St. John [Viola subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., vallicola A.Nelson var. vallicola] GTA, cf GTA #1708) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, end of NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek rd., 7 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, Campground, 27 Jul 1983 (and several subsequent cf GTA #1846) dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1835) Speyeria zerene platina (Skinner, 1897) Viola purpurea Kellogg (Fig. 30) VIOLACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Viola sp. Creek Campground, 15 Jul 1981 (and several NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek Valley, Nv 893, 1.0 subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., mi. S of Berry Creek Rd., 22 Aug 2002 (ovip. on GTA, cf GTA #1704) grass stem above dried Viola plants, 11:55 PST) (NSM, GTA #1757) Speyeria carolae (dos Passos & Grey, 1942) Viola adunca Smith VIOLACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, lower East Viola charlestonensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen (Plate 5A) Creek, 1 Aug 2002 (ovip. 5× on Rosa woodsii NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. (“hostplant … is branch immediately over Viola plants, 09:15 PST) undoubtedly Viola charlestonensis”) (Emmel and (NSM, GTA #1738, cf also GTA #1834) Austin 1998, cf BB #93, #97) Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. [Viola vallicola A.Nelson NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 5

Figure 29. Prosopis glandulosa. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 99

Jul 1977 (and numerous other dates) (adult assoc.) Viola macloskeyi Lloyd* (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 2.0 mi. E NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 23 Jul of Mt. Rose Summit, 22 May 1981 (adult assoc.) 1978 (and several other dates) (adult assoc.) (no (NSMCC, GTA) plant coll., GTA) Speyeria mormonia artonis (W. H. Edwards, 1881) Speyeria coronis snyderi (Skinner, 1897) VIOLACEAE VIOLACEAE Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. [Viola vallicola A.Nelson Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. [Viola vallicola A.Nelson var. major (Hook.) Fabijan] var. major (Hook.) Fabijan] NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Coon Creek Summit to NV: Humboldt Co.; Scraper Spring Rd., 3.0 mi. N of 4.0 mi. S, 9 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Scraper Spring, 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant GTA, cf GTA #1859) coll., GTA, cf GTA #1807) Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (A.Nelson) St. John [Viola Viola purpurea Kellogg (Fig. 30) vallicola A.Nelson var. vallicola] NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, end of Creek Campground, 15 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no rd., 7 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1704) cf GTA #1846)

Speyeria egleis reidi Austin, 1998 NYMPHALINAE VIOLACEAE Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. [Viola vallicola A.Nelson Larval hostplants have been determined for 26 of the 28 species var. major (Hook.) Fabijan] of nymphalines resident in Nevada and include 102 species of NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo plants (135 butterfly/plant combinations) in 15 families (especially Creek Rd., east of summit, 25 Jul 1981 (and several Asteraceae, Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae, Urticaceae). Of subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., these, 57 are newly reported for the species of butterfly concerned. GTA, cf GTA #1708) Vanessa cardui is newly reported on Lappula and Astragalus as NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek is Vanessa annabella on Potentilla, with Rosaceae as a newly Campground, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant reported family. Since many of the species of this subfamily coll., GTA, cf GTA #1835) oviposit clusters of eggs, they spend longer continuous periods Viola purpurea Kellogg (Fig. 30) on their larval hostplant during each episode of oviposition and NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber thus have a greater chance of being encountered. In addition, Creek Campground, 15 Jul 1981 (and several clusters of eggs are often more easily found than single eggs and subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., larvae of several species are gregarious and/or live in relatively GTA, cf GTA #1704) conspicuous nests. Melitaeini usually place their eggs on lower surfaces of leaves (88%), usually near the lower part of the plant Speyeria hesperis elko Austin, 1983 and sometimes clusters involve both the leaf and adjacent stem. VIOLACEAE Ovipositions occur during most of the day, are concentrated from Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (A.Nelson) St. John [Viola 09:00 to 15:00 PST (88%), and most are in the morning (62%). vallicola A.Nelson var. vallicola] Larvae, especially those of Chlosyne, often feed on flowers. NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Nymphalini on the other hand place their eggs mostly on the upper Crossing Campground, 8 Jul 1978 (and many surface of leaves (65%), with only 13% on the lower surface. subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Oviposition is similarly throughout the day, but is about evenly GTA, cf GTA #1822) distributed across the morning and afternoon.

Speyeria hesperis greyi Moeck, 1950 Poladryas arachne expedita Austin, 1998 VIOLACEAE PLANTAGINACEAE Viola adunca Smith Penstemon immanifestus N.H.Holmgren* NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Thomas Creek NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Highline Rd., Campground and vicinity, 15 Aug 1981 (and 4.4 mi. N of Atlanta Rd., 29 May 2002 (adult several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1701) coll., GTA, cf GTA #1847) Penstemon pachyphyllus A.Gray var. congestus (M.E.Jones) Viola nuttallii Pursh var. vallicola (A.Nelson) St. John [Viola N.H.Holmgren* vallicola A.Nelson var. vallicola] NV: White Pine Co.; Antelope Valley, rd. to NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, end of Eightmile, 2.1 mi. W of Goshute Reservation rd., 7 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, boundary, 12 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA cf GTA #1846) #1844)

Speyeria mormonia mormonia (Boisduval, 1869) Chlosyne leanira alma (Strecker, 1878) VIOLACEAE OROBANCHACEAE 100 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson NV: Nye Co.; Nv 375, Queen City Summit, 25 May [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; hillside at Red Rock Canyon NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 14.8 entrance, 23 Mar 1975 (larva) (fide J. Brock) mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock Canyon, 25-27 Mar 1975 plant coll., GTA) (larvae) (fide J. Brock, Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 18.2 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Cottonwood mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (larvae feeding on Pass, 27-28 Mar 1975 (larvae) (fide J. Brock, flowers) (NSM, GTA #255) Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 1 mi. N of Cottonwood 29 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #291) Pass, 12 Apr 1976 (5 larvae) (fide J. Brock NV: Nye Co.; Kawich Range, Breen Creek, 16 Apr NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wilson Pass, 29 Mar 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1978 (larvae feeding on flowers) (Austin and NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 19 May Austin 1980) 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Spring, 29 Mar NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 2 Jun 1978 (larvae feeding on flowers and leaves, reared 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) to adult) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cottonwood Pass, 9 Mar Chlosyne leanira basinensis (Austin & Smith, 1998) 1988 (larvae reared to adult, em. 27 Mar-1 Apr OROBANCHACEAE 1988) (fide P. Savage) Castilleja sp. NV: Clark Co.; Nv 161, 5.5 mi NW of Jean, 17 Mar NV: Washoe Co.; Virginia foothills, 9 Apr 1968 1988 (larvae reared to adult, em. 2-7 Apr 1988) (larvae) (Thorne 1969) (fide P. Savage) Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson NV: Clark Co.; Nv 161, 3 mi. N of Jean, 6 Mar 1989 [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) (larva reared to adult, em. 26 Mar 1989) (fide P. NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 21 Apr 1974 Savage) (larvae) (Scott 1986b) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 19 May NV: Carson City; Brunswick Canyon, 27 May 1980 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; powerline rd., 5.1 mi. S of Arden, 10 NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Mts., rd. to Mt. Apr 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Grant, 14 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Ash Spring, 11 Apr GTA) 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, US 395, 2.1 mi. S NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 12.5 mi. N of Pioche, 27 of Carson City line, 15 May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no May 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, 3.7 mi. S of NV: Douglas Co.; Nv 208, Jack Wright Summit, 16 Elgin, 26 Apr 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) May 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 375, Tempiute, 25 May 1983 NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek, 4.7 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. W of Nv 264, 5 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson plant coll., GTA) Ranch, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Esmeralda Co.; Monte Cristo Range, 2 mi. E of GTA) Gilbert, 22 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., Bristol Mine area, 31 GTA) May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Goldfield NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Range, rd. to Southpaw Summit, 1 May 1986 (ovip. on lower surface of Mine, 11.0 mi. W of Nv 318, 13 May 1984 (adult lower leaf, 10:35 PST) (NSM, GTA #1248) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Esmeralda Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Goldfield NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 375, 0.7 mi. W of Hancock Summit, 1 May 1986 (several 3rd instar larvae Summit, 26 Apr 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., feeding on flowers) (NSM, GTA #1248) GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 6.0 mi. W of Denio NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Canyon, 5 Junction, 31 May 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) upper leaf, 09:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #950) NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., Union Canyon, 2.9 mi. NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 21.5 mi. W of Denio E of Nv 844, 18 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Junction, 31 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA GTA) #949) NV: Nye Co.; U.S, 95, 14.8 mi. N of Beatty, 23 Apr NV: Humboldt Co.; Little Humboldt River Rd., 1.2 1982 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) mi. W of Little Humboldt Ranch, 24 May 2003 NV: Nye Co.; Spring Mts., Johnnie Mine Rd., 3.9 mi. (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1810) E of Nv 160, 3 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.1 mi. E of coll., GTA) Churchill Co. line, 18 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (no AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 101

plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Fort Churchill Rd., 4.7 mi. S of US 50, 2 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 1.0 mi. NE of CA state line, 30 Apr 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1244) NV: Mineral Co.; Candelaria Rd., 4.0 mi. W of US 95, 6 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Excelsior Mts., Douglas Canyon, 6 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 4.3 mi. S of Leadville Rd., 30 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #929) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 8A, 26.2 mi. E of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #936) Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. pallida (Eastw.) Chuang & Heckard [Castilleja applegatei Fern. var. breweri Fern.; Castilleja breweri Fern. var. pallida Eastw.]* NV: Douglas Co.; US 395, 2.1 mi. S of Carson City line, 15 May 1986 (clusters of ova [18, 21] on lower surface of lower leaves, use both red and yellow morphs of plant) (NSM, GTA #1271) Castilleja pilosa (S.Watson) Rydb.* Figure 30. Viola purpurea. NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Rock Creek Ranch Rd., 0.6 mi. W of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (larva on flower) (NSM, GTA #925)

Chlosyne californica (W. G. Wright, 1905) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Cloud Mine, 2 Sep ASTERACEAE 1984 (ovip. 2 ova on lower surface of middle leaf, Viguiera parishii Greene [Viguiera deltoidea A.Gray var. parishii 14:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1160) (Greene) Vasey & Rose] NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, Chlosyne lacinia crocale (W. H. Edwards, 1874) 14 Sep 1977 (larvae skeltonizing leaves) (Austin ASTERACEAE and Austin 1980) Helianthus annuus L. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Bridge Canyon, 29 NV: Clark Co.; Logandale (larvae) (Langston 1973) Mar 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 23 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 3 Aug 1977 (many larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) Apr 1980 (and several subsequent dates) (adult NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, 29 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sep 1977 (many larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Mormon Farm, 9 Sep 3 Apr 1980 (and several subsequent dates) (adult 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 13 Sep NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 15 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Apr 1981 (and several subsequent dates) (adult NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Mormon Farm, 4 Jul 1984 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 0.5 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, Christmas Tree Pass, 18 May 1983 (larvae) (NSM, 20 Apr 1986 (young larvae) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #176) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Warm Springs, 23 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 3 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sep 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of upper leaf, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 26 Jun 10:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1168) 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 3 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton, 26 Jun 1992 Sep 1984 (half grown larvae resting on stem) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1168) Xanthium strumarium L. (i) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 6.0 mi. E of NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Mormon Farm, 13 Sep US 95, 13 Sep 1984 (many larvae in various stages 1977 (many larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) feeding on and skeltonizing leaves, some reared to NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, adult) (NSM, GTA #1199) 9 Sep 1979 (larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant Heliomeris multiflora Nutt. var. nevadensis (Nelson) Yates** coll., GTA, cf GTA #1962) 102 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, 1980) 20 Apr 1986 (young larvae) (no plant coll., GTA, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 9 mi. W of Davis cf GTA #1962) Dam, 3 May 1978 (small larvae on disc flowers) (Austin and Austin 1980) Chlosyne palla altasierra J. Emmel, T. Emmel & Mattoon, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 1998 12 May 1978 (larvae mostly on disc flowers, also ASTERACEAE feeding on ray flowers after disc consumed) Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton [Ericameria nauseosa (Austin and Austin 1980) (Pall.) Nesom & Baird] NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. S of Red Spring, NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Haines Canyon, 18 21 Apr 1979 (larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) Jun 1963 (2 larvae) (fide D. Bauer) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 22 Apr 1979 (ovip. on lower surface of lower Chlosyne acastus acastus (W. H. Edwards, 1874) leaves near center of plant, 10:30 PST) (Austin and ASTERACEAE Austin 1980) Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. (Fig. 31) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 2.0 mi. W NV: Carson City; Carson City, 14 May 1968 (larvae) of US 95, 17 Apr 1983 (small larvae on disc (Thorne 1969) flowers) (NSM, GTA #1) Machaeranthera sp. NV: Clark Co.; Nv 161, 2.6 mi. W of I-15, 26 Apr NV: Nye Co.; Grant Range, Troy Canyon, 6500- 1987 (young larvae feeding on sepals and 7300’, 7 Jul 1969 (5 larvae) (fide J. F. Emmel) unopened buds, mainly on disc flowers, several plants) (NSM, GTA #1395) Chlosyne acastus robusta Austin, 1998 ASTERACEAE Phyciodes cocyta arenacolor Austin, 1998 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. (Fig. 31) ASTERACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 22 Aster ascendens Lindl. [Aster chilensis Nees ssp. ascendens May 2002 (larvae feeding on leaves, one reared to (Lindl.) Cronquist; Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) Nesom] adult, pupated 24 May, em. 4 Jun 2003) (NSM, BB (Fig. 32) #3) NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 2 Jun 7 Jul 1984 (ovip. cluster of 15 ova on lower leaf 2002 (small and large larvae) (NSM, cf BB #39) surface, 15:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1045) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 8 Jun NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, 2002 (small and large larvae) (NSM, cf BB #39) 16 Jul 2001 (ovip. cluster on lower surface of leaf NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 4 Jul near base of plant, 13:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1591) 2002 (ovip.) (NSM, cf BB #39) Phyciodes pulchella montana (Behr, 1863) Chlosyne acastus neumoegeni (Skinner, 1895) ASTERACEAE ASTERACEAE Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray Acamptopappus shockleyi A.Gray (Plate 11F) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 16 NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 12 mi. N of I-15, 15 May Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1951) 1977 (larvae on disc flowers) (Austin and Austin 1980) Phyciodes pulchella vallis Austin, 1998 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 0.5 mi. S of Red Spring, ASTERACEAE 21 Apr 1979 (ovip. on flower buds, 09:15 PST) Aster eatonii (A.Gray) Howell [Symphyotrichum eatonii (Austin and Austin 1980) (A.Gray) Nesom] NV: Clark Co.; Nv 161, 2.6 mi. W of I-15, 26 Apr CA: Alpine Co.; Carson Valley, Diamond Valley Rd., 1987 (several young larvae on disc flowers, 1 3.6 mi. S and E of Ca 88, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) plant) (NSM, GTA #1394) (NSM, GTA #1653) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 265, 12.1 mi. W of US 95, 1 NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 4 May 1986 (ovip. cluster on lower surface of lower Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1741) leaves and adjacent stem, 10:35 PST) (NSM, GTA Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray #1246) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 Amphipappus fremontii Torr. & A.Gray ssp. spinosus (A.Nelson) Aug 1983 (ovip. cluster on lower stem and adjacent C. L. Porter** lower surface of leaf, 10:45 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., Elgin-Carp Rd., 7.2 #614) mi. N of I-15, 23 Apr 1983 (larvae feeding on NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 flowers) (NSM, GTA #24) Aug 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene (Plate 11E) 12:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #618) NV: Clark Co.; US 93, 12 mi. N of I-15, 15 May NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 8 1977 (larvae on disc flowers) (Austin and Austin Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1188) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 103

NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 7 NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, US 93, Geyser’s Sep 1988 (ovip. cluster of 11 ova on lower surface Ranch, 22 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA of lower leaf, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1492) #1096) NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 12 Phyciodes pulchella camillus W. H. Edwards, 1871 Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #544) ASTERACEAE NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Hot Creek, 11 Sep Aster ascendens Lindl. [Aster chilensis Nees ssp. ascendens 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #709) (Lindl.) Cronquist; Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) Nesom] NV: Nye Co.; Duckwater, 19 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (Fig. 32) (NSM, GTA #706) NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Fenalon, 6.1 mi. NE of I-80, NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, Minerva, 4 Sep Independence Creek, 24 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #663) (NSM, GTA #1642) NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Comins Lake, NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Valley, Ruby Lakes NWR, 5.8 22 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1097) mi. S of northern boundary, 21 Aug 2001 (adult NV: White Pine Co.; Newark Valley, Nv 892, 20.5 assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1686) mi. N of US 50, 28 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Valley, Ruby Valley Rd., Lutts GTA #1133) Creek, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Aster spathulatus Lindl. var. spathulatus [Symphyotrichum GTA, cf GTA #1686] spathulatum (Lindl.) Nesom var. spathulatum] NV: Elko Co.; Knoll Creek, 7.3 mi. E of US 93, 23 NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1688) Campground, 19 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Warm Springs, GTA #1676) 23 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA; cf Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) A.Gray GTA #1591) NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 0.7 mi. N of Eureka, NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 2.5 mi. E of US 28 Aug 1984 (egg cluster on stem and lower 93, 23 Aug 2001 (ovip. cluster of 22 eggs when surface of lower leaf) (NSM, GTA #1135) disturbed, on lower surface of lower leaf including NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 2.7 mi. N of Eagle some on stem, 14:35 PST) (NSM, GTA #1690) Valley Dam, 22 Sep 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 2.5 mi. E of US GTA #1208) 93, 23 Aug 2001 (ovip. 3 eggs when disturbed, on lower surface of lower leaf, 14:50 PST) (NSM, Phyciodes pulchella inornatus Austin, 1998 GTA #1691) ASTERACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Aster ascendens Lindl. [Aster chilensis Nees ssp. ascendens Creek, 23 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA (Lindl.) Cronquist; Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) Nesom] #1693) (Fig. 32) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon NWR, Dufurrena Creek, 12 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA Ranch, 28 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1728) #1776) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Aster eatonii (A.Gray) Howell [Symphyotrichum eatonii Creek, 22 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA (A.Gray) Nesom] #1755) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 1.7 mi. NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek Valley, Nv 893, 1.0 E of Harrison Pass, 21 Aug 2001 (ovip. cluster, 14 mi. S of Berry Creek Rd., 22 Aug 2002 (adult eggs when disturbed, 11:10 PST) (NSM, GTA assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1756) #1685) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Success Aster spathulatus Lindl. var. intermedius (A.Gray) Cronquist Summit, 23 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA [Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) Nesom var. intermedium #1759) (A.Gray) Nesom] NV: White Pine Co.; US 50, 2.8 mi. E of Hamilton NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Harrison Pass Rd., 0.8 mi. Rd., 24 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA E of Harrison Pass, 21 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) #1760) (NSM, GTA #1683) Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul NV: Elko Co.; Pilot Mts., southernmost permanent 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1622) stream, 6 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #670) Phyciodes pulchella shoshoni Scott, 1994 NV: Elko Co.; US 93, Little Salmon River Valley, ASTERACEAE 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 28 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) Aster ascendens Lindl. [Aster chilensis Nees ssp. ascendens (NSM, plant coll. 7 Sep 1983, GTA #686) (Lindl.) Cronquist; Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) Nesom] NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, US 93, Geysers (Fig. 32) Ranch, 4 Sep 1983 (ovip. cluster on lower stem, NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N 08:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #653) of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) 104 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(NSM, GTA #1123) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N of Battle Mountain, 26 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1769) Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray NV: Eureka Co.; Nv 278, 0.2 mi. S of Elko Co. line, 8 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #688)

Phyciodes orseis herlani Bauer, 1975 ASTERACEAE Cirsium andersonii (A.Gray) Jeps. NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, US 50, Montreal Canyon, 6 Jul 1981 (ovip.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1918)

Phyciodes pallida pallida (W. H. Edwards, 1864) ASTERACEAE Cirsium arizonicum (A.Gray) Petrak var. tenuisectum D.J.Keil [Cirsium nidulum (M.E.Jones) Petrak; Cirsium arizonicium (A.Gray) Petrak var nidulum (M.E.Jones) Petrak] (Fig. 36) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Canyon, 3 Sep 1983 (egg cluster on lower surface of leaf) (NSM, GTA #645) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson Canyon, 23 Jun 1984 (egg cluster on lower surface of lower leaf) (NSM, GTA #1015) Cirsium subniveum Rydb.* NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Creek, 4.3 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 10 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1597)

Phyciodes pallida barnesi Skinner, 1897 ASTERACEAE Cirsium canovirens Rydb.* NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of Pequop Summit, 3 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1418) Cirsium subniveum Rydb.* NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. E of Pequop Summit, 6 Jul 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 3 ova when disturbed) (NSM, GTA, cf GTA #1645)

Phyciodes mylitta mylitta (W. H. Edwards, 1861) ASTERACEAE Cirsium sp. NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Village, 27 Aug 1963 (larvae) (fide D. Bauer) Figure 31. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. Cirsium andersonii (A.Gray) Jeps. NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Verdi, Crystal Peak Park, 3 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1918) Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (i) NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 105

Campground, 16 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSMCC, GTA) Cirsium neomexicanum A.Gray* Euphydryas anicia alena Barnes & Benjamin, 1926 NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Carvers, 12 Sep OROBANCHACEAE 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Castilleja parvula Rydb.* Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps. var. candidissimum (Greene) UT: Iron Co.; Ut 143, 0.4 mi. E of jct. Ut 148 at E J.F.Macbr. [Cirsium pastoris J. Howell] boundary of Cedar Breaks National Monument, 16 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1523) 1.2 mi. W of Nv 206, 30 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Euphydryas anicia hermosa (W. G. Wright, 1905) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, OROBANCHACEAE 26 Aug 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson plant on dry hillside, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) #605) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 5 Apr Cirsium scariosum Nutt. [Cirsium drummondii Torr. & A.Gray; 1988 (ovip. on stem and adjacent leaf, 11:40 PST) Cirsium tioganum Congdon]* (Fig. 33) (NSM, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of Euphydryas anicia macyi Fender & Jewett, 1953 leaf near ground, 14:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1061) OROBANCHACEAE NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722, 4 mi. Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson E of Reese River, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) surface, 13:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1059) NV: Humboldt Co.; Scraper Spring Rd., 6.5 mi. N of NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.5 mi. Scraper Spring, 23 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no E of Reese River, 26 Aug 1984 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Kelly Creek Rd., 16.5 mi. N of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (i) Nv 789 (4.2 mi. N of Kelly Creek Ranch), 24 May NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Creek, 6 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Little Humboldt River Rd., 1.2 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 6 mi. W of Little Humboldt Ranch, 24 May 2003 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1810) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa, 3 Jul 1982 NV: Humboldt Co.; 1.6 mi. E of Little Humboldt (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ranch, 24 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 26 GTA) Aug 1983 (adult assoc., female fluttering around NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 13.8 mi. S several plants, 11:55-12:05, no ovip. noted) (NSM, of Greeley Crossing, 24 May 2003 (adult assoc.) GTA #620) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 2.0 mi. N Crossing Campground, 11 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) of Greeley Crossing, 24 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Powerhouse Picnic Area, NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 6.2 mi. N 14 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of Little Humboldt River Rd., 24 May 2003 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Pleasant Valley, Nv 227, 3.9 mi. W of assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1811) Lamoille Canyon Rd., 15 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) Castilleja flava S.Watson* (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 2.3 mi. S NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, of Greeley Crossing, 24 May 2003 (ovip. on outer 15 Aug 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) stems and leaves near ground, 12:50 PST) (NSM, NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Miller Lane, 3.5 mi. E GTA #1812) of US 95, 21 Aug 1989 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Euphydryas anicia veazieae Fender & Jewett, 1953 NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek OROBANCHACEAE Canyon, 5-6.5 mi. W of Nv 400, 11 Jul 1981 (adult Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) NV: Washoe Co.; Truckee River, just E of NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, 21.5 mi. W of Denio Boomtown, 3 Sep 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Junction, 31 May 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of GTA) lower leaves, 10:15 PST; clusters of ova also NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock Rd., 0.9 mi. S of present in same situation on other plants; Chuckwagon Rd., 27 Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no population is intermediate in phenotype towards E. plant coll., GTA) anicia macyi) (NSM, GTA #949) NV: Washoe Co.; Red Rock area, Rancho Rd., 1 Jul NV: Humboldt Co.; Nv 8A, Sheldon Antelope 106 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Range, Gooch Spring, 1 Jun 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 07:30 PST; population is intermediate in phenotype towards E. anicia macyi) (NSM, GTA #952) NV: Washoe Co.; Nv 8A, 26.2 mi. E of Nv 34, 30 May 1984 (ova on lower surface of lower leaf; population is intermediate in phenotype towards E. anicia macyi) (NSM, GTA #936) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 4.3 mi. S of Leadville Rd., 30 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #929) NV: Washoe Co.; S end of Granite Mts., Nv. 447, 4.2 mi. NW of rd. summit, 5 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1790) NV: Washoe Co.; rd. to Jones Flat, 0.6 mi. S of Nv 447, 19 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) PLANTAGINACEAE Collinsia parviflora Lindl.* NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd. (between Nv 447 and Ravendale), 11.4 mi. E of CA state line, 20 May 2003 (preoviposition, 14:00 PST; also soft- winged female perched on Artemisia within large patch of plant) (NSM, GTA #1797) Penstemon speciosus Lindl. NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Nv 34, 4.3 mi. S of Leadville Rd., 30 May 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf surface) (NSM, GTA #930)

Euphydryas anicia morandi Gunder, 1928 OROBANCHACEAE Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. martinii (Abrams) Chuang & Heckard [Castilleja martinii Abrams var. clokeyi (Pennell) N.H.Holmgren] (Plate 11B) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. (ovip.) (Austin and Murphy 1998b) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., ridge above Kyle Canyon, 11000’, 8 Jul 1981 (ovip. on lower surface of lower leaf, 12:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., above Lee Canyon ski area, 18 Jul 2001 (ovip.) (NSM, BB). NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., North Loop trail to Charleston Peak, 10535’, 29 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB #32) Castilleja linariifolia Benth. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 30 May 2001 (larvae, one reared to adult, pupated 3 Jun, em. 10 Jun 2001) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 22 May 2002 (larvae defoliating plants) (NSM, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wallace Canyon, 7 Jun 2002 (100s of larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, BB #7) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wallace Canyon, 18 Jun Figure 32. Aster ascendens. 2002 (a few larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant coll., BB, cf BB #7) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wallace Canyon, 27 Jun 2002 (ovip. 5×, 11:30-12:30 PST) (NSM, BB #16) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wallace Canyon, 27 Jun AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 107

2002 (larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, BB #16) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) PLANTAGINACEAE NV: Elko Co.; Wood Hills, west and south from Penstemon eatonii A.Gray Moor exit on I-80, 25 May 1993 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 2 Jun plant coll., GTA) 2002 (larvae reared to adult) (NSM, BB #4) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Trail Canyon, 17 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 29 Jun 1983 (adult assoc., egg cluster on lower surface Jun 2003 (larvae) (NSM, BB #154) of lower leaf and adjacent stem) (NSM, GTA Penstemon leiophyllus Pennell var. keckii (Clokey) #418) N.H.Holmgren (Plate 11C) NV: Eureka Co.; Monitor Range, Allison Creek Rd., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. (ovip.) (Austin and 2.4 mi. W of Nv 81, 31 May 1981 (adult assoc.) Murphy 1998b) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., ridge above Kyle NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, Canyon, 11000’, 8 Jul 1981 (cluster of ova on ca. 6 mi. S of Demale Ranch, 22 Jun 1981 (ovip. lower surface of leaf) (NSMCC, GTA) on leaves and stem near base of plant) (NSMCC, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., above Lee Canyon ski GTA) area, 18 Jul 2001 (ovip.) (NSM, BB) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.1 mi. E of Penstemon rostriflorus Kellogg* Carroll Summit, 3 Jun 1984 (cluster of ova on NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Griffith Peak trail, 29 lower surface of lower leaf) (NSM, GTA #966) Jun 2003 (larvae) (NSM, BB #157) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 5.4 mi. E of Carroll Summit, 16 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no Euphydryas anicia wheeleri (Hy. Edwards, 1881) plant coll., GTA) BORAGINACEAE NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Boone Canyon, Mertensia ciliata (Torr.) G.Don var. stomatechoides (Kellogg) north side of Mt. Callaghan, 18 Jun 1991 (adult Jeps. assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: [county not specified]; Toiyabe Range (ovip., NV: Lander Co.; Shoshone Mts., Ravenswood, 4.5- “young larvae were fed on this plant but were not 6.5 mi. W of Nv 305, 18 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) brought to maturity”) (Comstock 1936, reporting (no plant coll., GTA) data from Burdick) NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., US 93, 12.5 mi. N of OROBANCHACEAE Pioche, 29 May 1983 (several masses of ova on Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don. var. dubia A.Nelson lower surface of leaves) (NSM, GTA #300) [none [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) on associated Penstemon confusus M.E.Jones NV: no locations given (ovip.) (Murphy and Ehrlich (NSM, GTA #299), but see below] 1983) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, 0.8 mi. S of Pioche, 30 May NV: no locations given (assoc.) (Austin et al. 2003) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Clan Alpine Mts., rd. to Mt. NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson Grant, 14 May 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ranch, 30 May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., vicinity of Buffalo NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., Bristol Mine area, 31 Pass, 11 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., May 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 1.0 mi. NE NV: Douglas Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek of CA state line, 30 Apr 1986 (ovip. clusters on Rd., 0.4 mi. S of Risue Canyon Rd., 3 Jun 1981 lower surface of lower leaves, 09:10, 10:15) (NSM, (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA #1244) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts. (ovip.) (Brussard et al. NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 9-10 1989) mi. E of Mina Rd., 19 Jun 1983 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Goshute Mts., US 93A, 5.8 mi. N of plant coll., GTA) White Horse Pass, 18 May 1990 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, plant coll., GTA) 29 May 1983 (ova on lower side of leaf) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Toana Range, Lost Hope Mine area, GTA #291) 11 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 13 May NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Cedar Ridge, 7-9 mi. W of 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jiggs, 19 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Canyon, 28 GTA) May 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., S end, summit nr. NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., 4 mi. E of Ione, 17 Jun Hogan, 20 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Shoshone Mts., Becker Creek, 4-5 mi. NV: Elko Co.; Toana Range, Silver Zone Basin, 20 W of Reese River Rd., 17 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Snake Mts., Tabor Creek, 20 Jun 1991 NV: Nye Co.; Paradise Range, Green Springs 108 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Summit, 17 Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Summit, 11 Jun 1990 (ova) (Austin et al. 2003) GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon NV: Nye Co.; Gap Mountain, Nv 318, 11.4 mi. N of Rd. at Calif. line, 28 Jun 1980 (larvae on flower Lincoln Co. line, 30 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no heads) (NSMCC, GTA) plant coll., GTA) Pedicularis centranthera A.Gray NV: Pershing Co.; Stonehouse Spring Rd., 1.5 mi. W NV: no locations given (assoc.) (Austin et al. 2003) of summit (3.4 mi. W of Nightingale junction), 21 NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Caves May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) area (ovip.) (Murphy and Ehrlich 1983) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Creek, PLANTAGINACEAE opposite campground, 11 May 1984 (adult assoc. Penstemon confusus M.E.Jones* on dry hillside) (NSM, GTA #823) NV: Lincoln Co.; Bristol Mts., Bristol Mine Rd., 3.3 NV: White Pine Co.; Ruby Mts., Walker Canyon, 19 mi. W of US 93, 31 May 1983 (larvae on leaves) Jun 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #320) NV: White Pine Co.; southern Ruby Mts., rd. towards NV: Lincoln Co.; Nv 322, 9.6 mi. E of US 93, 31 Mooney Basin, 3.0 mi. W of Long Valley Rd. May 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #320) (towards Ruby Lake), 30 May 2003 (adult assoc.) Penstemon immanifestus N.H.Holmgren* (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Butte Valley, Butte Valley Rd. to DM Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. pallida (Eastw.) Chuang & Ranch, 5.8 mi. SW of US 93, then 1.6 mi. W, 14 Heckard [Castilleja applegatei Fern. var. Jun 2002 (egg clusters on two plants on lower breweri Fern.] surface of lower leaves; sand dune on dry lake bed) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon (NSM, GTA #1722) Rd. at Calif. line, 23 May 1984 (ova on lower Penstemon speciosus Lindl. surface of leaf) (NSM, GTA #868) NV: no locations given (assoc.) (Austin et al. 2003) Castilleja linariifolia Benth. NV: Churchill Co.; War Canyon Rd., 1.2 mi. N of NV: no locations given (ovip.) (Murphy and Ehrlich Clan Alpine Ranch, 17 May 1980 (cluster of ova 1983) on lower surface of lower leaf, 2 plants) (NSMCC, NV: no locations given (assoc.) (Austin et al. 2003) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., 2 mi. E of Pequop Powerhouse Campground, 6 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) Summit, 11 Jun 1990 (ova) (Austin et al. 2003) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., 2 mi. E of Pequop ca. 6 mi. S of Demale Ranch, 22 Jun 1981 (ovip.

Figure 33. Cirsium scariosum. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 109

on lower surface of lower leaf and adjacent stem) Jun 1980 (ova on lower surface of leaf) (NSMCC, (NSMCC, GTA) GTA & D. Murphy) NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts. (ovip.) (Murphy and Castilleja tenuis (A.Heller) Chuang & Heckard [Orthocarpus Ehrlich 1983) hispidus Benth.] NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts, Trail Canyon, 17 Jun NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Brunswick Canyon- 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #414) Sunrise Pass Rd.. 11 mi. S of US 50, 5 Jun 1978 NV: Humboldt Co.; Sonoma Range, canyon S of (ovip.) (Masters 1979, reported as Orthocarpus Thomas Canyon, 4 Jun 1982 (cluster of ova on sp.) lower surface of leaf) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Sunrise Pass, 22 NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Limerick Canyon, Jun 1980 (ova on lower surface of leaf) (NSMCC, 22 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) GTA & D. Murphy) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek PLANTAGINACEAE Canyon, 22 May 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, Penstemon sp. GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Daggett Creek, NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek 4800’, 20 Mar 1968 (larvae) (fide D. Bauer) Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (adult Penstemon newberryi A.Gray var. newberryi assoc.) (NSM, GTA #449) NV: Washoe Co.; behind Davis Creek Park, 22 May 1981 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, cluster of 11 Euphydryas chalcedona kingstonensis T. & J. Emmel, 1973 eggs when disturbed) (NSMCC, GTA) PLANTAGINACEAE Penstemon speciosus Lindl.* Keckiella antirrhinoides (Benth.) Straw var. microphylla NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Sunrise Pass, 22 (A.Gray) N.H.Holmgren (Fig. 34) Jun 1980 (ova on lower surface of leaf) (NSMCC, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, GTA & D. Murphy) 11 Feb-12 Mar 1971 (26 larvae) (fide D. Bauer) NV: Washoe Co.; Peavine Peak Rd., 5.5 mi. W of US NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, 395, 3 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) 12 Apr 1978 (last instar larvae feeding on leaves) (Austin and Austin 1980) Euphydryas colon nevadensis Bauer, 1975 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, CAPRIFOLIACEAE 20 Sep 1978 (early instar larvae in web) (UNLV, Symphoricarpos sp. GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts. (ovip.) (Brussard et al. NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 1.5 mi. W of 1989) Christmas Tree Pass, 18 May 1983 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv (NSM, GTA #163) 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 27 Mar 1987 (larvae reared to adult, em. 16-23 Apr Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A.Gray [often reported as 1987) (fide P. Savage) Symphoricarpos oreophilus A.Gray] (Plate 11D, Fig. 35) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Elko Co. (hostplant) (Bauer 1975) 27 Mar 1987 (mature larvae feeding on leaves) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse (NSM, GTA #1390) Crossing Campground, 3 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 2 mi. E of Christmas (no plant coll., GTA) Tree Pass. 22 Feb 1989 (larvae reared to adult, em. NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Jack Creek, 2.3 14-20 Mar 1989) (fide P. Savage) mi. W of Jack Creek Campground, 24 Jun 1981 NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 1.9 mi. W of (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Christmas Tree Pass, 1 May 2001 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse plant coll., GTA) Crossing Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Euphydryas chalcedona macglashanii (Rivers, 1888) NV: Elko Co.; Winecup Ranch-Thurston Spring Rd., OROBANCHACEAE 5.5 mi. N of Fenelon junction, 12 Jun 1990 (adult Castilleja applegatei Fern. assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Daggett Creek NV: Elko Co.; Delano Mine area, 7 Jul 1990 (adult (ova) (fide D. Murphy) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Castilleja applegatei Fern. ssp. pallida (Eastw.) Chuang & NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., 2 mi. E of Pequop Heckard [Castilleja applegatei Fern. var. Summit, 17 Jul 1990 (ova) (Austin et al. 2003) breweri Fern.] NV: Elko Co.; Snake Mts., Tabor Creek, 20 Jun 1991 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Genoa Canyon, 27 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) May 1984 (cluster of ova on lower surface of leaf, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., 1.0 mi. E of North also mature larva) (NSM, GTA #906) Fork Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant Castilleja linariifolia Benth. coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., Sunrise Pass, 22 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Charleston-Jarbidge 110 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Rd., 4.2 mi. N of Charleston, 14 Jun 2003 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Gold Creek assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1856) Guard Station past Sunflower Reservoir, 2.4 mi. W NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse of Big Bend Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) GTA #1871) (NSM, GTA #1862) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Summit Euphydryas editha lehmani Gunder, 1929 Rd. (Nv 11A), 10.1 mi. W of Nv 225, 17 Jun 2003 OROBANCHACEAE (adult assoc., many egg clusters) (NSM, GTA Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) D. Don var. dubia A.Nelson #1875) [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) NV: no locations given (ovip.) (Ehrlich and Murphy Euphydryas colon wallacensis Gunder, 1928 1981, Murphy and Ehrlich 1983) CAPRIFOLIACEAE NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. 18 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Sheldon NWR, Nv 34A, 6.0 mi. W NV: Eureka Co.; Monitor Range, Allison Creek, 4.7 of Nv 8A, 7 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., mi. W of Nv 82, 20 Jun 1981 (ova on lower leaf GTA, cf GTA #1773) surface) (NSMCC, GTA) Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A.Gray var. parishii (Rydb.) NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., Dempster (Plate 11D, Fig. 35) 0.8 mi. E of Petes Summit, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon NWR, Nv 8A, Gooch assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Spring, 7 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Corral Canyon, 7.2 GTA, cf GTA #1774) mi. SW of Monitor Ranch, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Euphydryas editha tahoensis Austin & Murphy, 1998 NV: Nye Co.; Monitor Range, Dobbin Creek, 13.3 OROBANCHACEAE mi. SE of Potts, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson (NSMCC, GTA) [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., Ellison- NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows, Hamilton Rd., 3.4 mi. N of Tom Plain Spring, 19 30 Jun 1987 (ovip. cluster on lower surface of leaf Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) and adjacent stem, lower leaf, 09:40 PST) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Indian GTA #1450) Creek, 2 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Castilleja nana Eastw. GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Tahoe Meadows NV: White Pine Co.; W side of Butte Mts., Queue (larvae) (White and Singer 1974) Valley, 6.1 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, trail to Mt. Rose, 31 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Bret Boyd) NV: White Pine Co.; Butte Mts., rd. to Long Valley, 2.0 mi. W of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May 2003 Euphydryas editha owyheensis Austin & Murphy, 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) OROBANCHACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Long Valley Rd. (to Ruby Castilleja applegatei Fern. var. pinetorum (Fern.) Chuang & Lake), 9.3 mi. N of US 50, 29 May 2003 (adult Heckard assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 6.6 mi. E NV: White Pine Co.; Thirtymile Rd., 0.2 mi. N of US of Nv 226, 9 Jun 1990 (ovip. egg mass on lower 50, 29 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA surface of lower leaves, 08:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1827) #1515) NV: White Pine Co.; W side of Butte Mts., Queue Castilleja flava S.Watson Valley, 0.9 mi. N of Thirtymile Ranch, 29 May NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1828) Summit-Merritt Creek, 1.9 mi. N of Sunflower NV: White Pine Co.; southern Ruby Mts., rd. towards Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (ovip. lower surf of Little Bald Mountain, 1.9 mi. W of Long Valley lower leaves, 08:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1866) Rd. (to Ruby Lake), 30 May 2003 (adult assoc.) Castilleja linariifolia Benth. (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. flavescens (Pennell) Creek Campground, 19 Jun 1986 (ovip. cluster on N.H.Holmgren lower surface of lower leaf, 10:10 PST) (NSM, NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber GTA #1310) Creek Rd. at Duck Creek Rd., 30 May 2002 Castilleja tenuis (A.Heller) Chuang & Heckard [Orthocarpus (cluster of ova on lower surface of lower leaf) hispidus Benth.]* (NSM, GTA #1705) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Valley, Nv 226, 6.4 mi. Castilleja linariifolia Benth. S Jack Creek Rd., 23 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts. (ovip.) (Murphy and (NSMCC, GTA) Ehrlich 1983) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 111

NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Ward Mt. Ski Euphydryas editha koreti Murphy & Ehrlich, 1983 Area, 17 Jun 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of lower OROBANCHACEAE leaf and adjacent stem) (NSMCC, GTA) Castilleja nana Eastw. [Castilleja lapidicola A.Heller] NV: White Pine Co.; Egan Range, Ward Mt. (egg NV: White Pine Co. (ovip.) (Murphy and Ehrlich mass) (Austin and Murphy 1998a) 1983; see also Britten et al. 1995) Pedicularis centranthera A.Gray NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, trail from NV: several ranges (ovip.) (Murphy and Ehrlich Wheeler Peak Campground to ridge between Bald 1983) Mt. and Mt. Wheeler, 9800-11800’ 1 Aug 1967 NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Lehman Caves (hostplant) (fide J. F. Emmel) (hostplant) (Singer 1971) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Bald Mt. and NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Conners ridge to S, 11000-11562’, 30 Jul 1969 (ovip. mass Pass (egg mass) (Austin and Murphy 1998a) of 20 ova on lower surface of leaf and stem, 09:50- PLANTAGINACEAE 09:55 PST) (fide J. F. Emmel) Penstemon sp. NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, ridge above Stella NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek (egg Lake, 30 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) mass) (Austin and Murphy 1998a) NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Bald Mt. and Penstemon dolius M.E.Jones var. dolius* ridge to south, 27 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Pleasant Valley Rd., coll., GTA) 1.4 mi. W of UT state line, 28 May 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1825) Euphydryas editha mattooni Austin & Murphy, 1998 Penstemon humulis A.Gray* OROBANCHACEAE NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G.Don var. dubia A.Nelson ca. 6 mi. S of Demale Ranch, 22 Jun 1991 (adult [Castilleja chromosa A.Nelson] (Plate 11A) assoc.) (NSM, GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Nv 8A, 4.9 mi. W of Nv 140, 13 Jun 1989 (ovip. egg Euphydryas editha monoensis Gunder, 1928 masses on lower surface of lower leaf, 12:05, 14:00 OROBANCHACEAE PST) (NSM, GTA #1506) Castilleja applegatei Fern. NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Gooch NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Schneider’s Spring Campground, 7 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no Meadow” (ovip., least preferred) (Singer et al. plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #952) 1994) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Hays Canyon Rd., PLANTAGINACEAE 14-15 mi. W of Nv 34, 2 Jul 1981 (several egg Collinsia parviflora Lindl. clusters on lower surface of leaves and adjacent NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Snyder stems) (NSMCC, GTA) Meadow” (ovip. and larvae) (White and Singer Castilleja cusickii Greenm.* 1974, Singer et al. 1988; preferred by most, Singer NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Nv 1984; becoming less favored, Singer et al. 1993, 8A, 3.0 mi. SW of Nv 34A, 14 Jun 1989 (ovip. 1994) cluster on lower surface of lower leaf, 13:10 PST) NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Snyder (NSM, GTA #1509) Meadow” (hostplant) (Thomas et al. 1987) Castilleja pilosa (S.Watson) Rydb. Penstemon rydbergii Nelson (originally identified asPenstemon NV: Humboldt Co.; Sheldon Antelope Range, Nv heterodoxus A.Gray) 8A, 4.9 mi. W of Nv 140, 13 Jun 1989 (ovip. egg NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon (ovip. by a mass on lower surface of lower leaf, 10:50 PST) few, Singer 1984, Singer et al. 1988, 1994) (NSM, GTA #1505) NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Snyder PLANTAGINACEAE Meadow” (hostplant) (Thomas et al. 1987, Singer Penstemon humulis A.Gray* et al. 1993) NV: Washoe Co.; Granite Mts., Hays Canyon Rd., Plantago lanceolata L. (i) 14-15 mi. W of Nv 34, 2 Jul 1981 (ovip. on leaves NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Schneider’s and egg clusters on lower surface of leaves) Meadow” (ovip. and larvae) (Singer 1971, White (NSMCC, GTA) and Singer 1974; preferred by some, Singer 1984; becoming favored, Singer et al. 1993, 1994) Polygonia satyrus satyrus (W. H. Edwards, 1869) NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, “Schneider’s URTICACEAE Meadow” (hostplant) (Thomas et al. 1987, Singer Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne (Plate 3A) et al. 1988, 1989) NV: Churchill Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 3.3 mi. NV: Douglas Co.; Clear Creek Canyon, 4.7 mi. W of W of Carroll Summit, 16 May 1990 (adult assoc.) US 395, 22 May 1984 (ovip. on lower leaf surface, (no plant coll., GTA) 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #850) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 1 Jul 1977 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) (no 112 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. on middle of lower surface of lower leaf in shade, stack of 3 ova, 13:25 PST) (NSM, GTA #1618) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. on middle of lower surface of lower leaf in shade, stack of 3 ova, 13:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1618) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. on middle of lower surface of lower leaves in shade, one single ovum, one stack of 3 ova, 13:50 PST) (NSM, GTA #1618) NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Caliente, 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 2.1 mi. E of Currant, 10 Sep 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 30 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Campground, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA)

Polygonia gracilis zephyrus (W. H. Edwards, 1870) GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes cereum Douglas (Plate 6D) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Charleston Park, 8300’, 31 Aug 1967 (larva on stem, reared to adult) (Shields et al. 1969) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., ridge above Kyle Canyon, 11,200’, 19 Jul 1978 (ovip. 2× on main Figure 34. Keckiella antirrhinoides. stem at base of branch, 12:00 PST, plant adjacent to snowbank with leaves unopened) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 24 Jun 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Deer Creek Rd., 2.8 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun N of Kyle Canyon, 24 Jun 1979 (adult assoc.) (no 1984 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa, 5 Jul 1982 Campground, 24 Jun 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River Valley, US 93, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., ridge above Kyle 3.1 mi. S of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) Canyon, 11,000’, 15 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Rd. to NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 14 Apr Jarbidge, 6.7 mi. E of Sunflower Rd., 26 Jul 2003 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. Kyle Canyon ski run, 24 NV: Humboldt Co.; Quinn River Valley, US 95, 2.0 Jul 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) mi. S of McDermitt, 22 Jul 1984 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse plant coll., GTA) Crossing Campground, 2 Jul 1980 (adult assoc., NV: Humboldt Co.; Sonoma Range, Water Canyon, apparently not associated with the more abundant 10 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Ribes aureum Pursh, see also below) (NSMCC, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon GTA, cf also GTA #1632) Campground, 8 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 2.2 mi. E of coll., GTA) Churchill Co. line, 10 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, 8 (NSMCC, GTA) Jul 2000 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf, 11:20 Ribes inerme Rydb. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 113

NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Wallace Canyon, 22 Jun Crossing Campground, 2 Jul 1980 (adult assoc., 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) apparently not associated with the more abundant NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Ribes aureum Pursh, see also above) (NSMCC, Campground, 27 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant GTA, cf also GTA #1624) coll., GTA) Ribes montigenum McClatchie Ceanothus martinii M.E.Jones* (Plate 10A) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Charleston Peak trail, NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak 9000’, 19 Jul 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) Rd., 6.0 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 9 Jun 1985 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts. Lee Canyon ski area, 8 assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, trail from Canyon, 17 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Wheeler Peak Campground to ridge between Bald GTA, cf GTA #1484) Mt. and Mt. Wheeler, 9800-11800’, 1 Aug 1967 Ceanothus velutinus Hook. (Fig. 19) (preoviposition behavior, 10:00 PST) (fide J. F. NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Spooner Summit to Emmel) Marlette Lake, 25 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant Ribes roezlii Regel var. roezlii* coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, First Creek area, 30 NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Nv 28, 2.0 mi. S of Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1945) Washoe Co. line, 19 Jul 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Polygonia oreas nigrozephyrus Scott, 1984 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, junction US 50 and GROSSULARIACEAE Nv 28, Spooner Summit, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Ribes niveum Lindl.* (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Rd. to NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., Jarbidge, 6.7 mi. E of Sunflower Rd., 26 Jul 2003 5.1 mi. W of Nv 225, 27 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1934) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Nv 11A, 0.5 mi. E Nymphalis californica californica (Boisduval, 1852) of Maggie Summit, 5 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no RHAMNACEAE plant coll., GTA) Ceanothus greggii A.Gray* NV: Elko Co.; Ruby Mts., Lamoille Canyon, 1.5 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 14 Apr S of Thomas Canyon Campground, 14 Jun 2003 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1848) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., 2.6 mi. S of Coon Campground, 14 Jul 1988 (preovip. on lower Creek Summit, 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant surface of leaf, no ova found) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Clark Canyon, end of NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Coon Creek Summit, rd., 22 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., 14 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, 2.0 mi. E of Mt. Rose Summit, 30 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Galena Creek Park, 10 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, ca. 1 mi. N of Crystal Bay, vicinity of First Creek, 30 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1917) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 3.6 mi. E of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 5.0 mi. E of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA)

Nymphalis antiopa antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) SALICACEAE Figure 35. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius. Populus angustifolia James* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 30 Jul 1995 (larvae) (no plant coll., GTA) 114 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Snake Creek, nr. NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River Johnson Lake trailhead, 6 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) Campground, 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River at Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball* Little Currant Creek Rd., 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., (NSM, GTA #1586) Chino Creek, 0.5 mi. S of jct. of Wilson Reservoir Populus fremontii S.Watson* Rd., 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1907) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 30 May Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) 1986 (many larvae, some raised to adult) (no plant NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S coll., GTA) of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (principal adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 27 May (NSM, GTA #1358) 2001 (5 larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 0.6 mi. N of Ursine, GTA) 22 Apr 1986 (larvae) (NSM, GTA #1237) Salix babylonica L. (i) Salix lasiolepis Benth.* NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 27 May NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 Jun 2001 (several larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant 1962 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1542) Salix drummondiana Hook.* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Camp Bonanza, 17 May NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Peavine Creek 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, BB #2). Campground, 12 Apr 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv GTA #779) 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 NV: Storey Co.; Six Mile Canyon, 2.8 mi. E of (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1556) Virginia City, 6 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Pershing Co.; Sonoma Range, Clear Creek, 2.9 GTA #807) mi. E of Grass Valley Rd., 26 Jun 1983 (many Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) nearly mature larvae feeding on leaves, some raised NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, E of I- to adult) (NSM, GTA #477) 15, 22 Apr 2001 (larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, NV: Pershing Co.; Selenite Range Rd., creek 3.4 mi. BB, collected 8 May 2001) E of Nv 447, 21 May 2003 (several 1/2 grown NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1802) of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (secondary adult assoc.) Salix lutea Nutt. (NSM, GTA #1359) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Ivanhoe Mining District, 2.3 mi. Rd., 1.7 mi. S of Yankee Bill Summit, 25 Jul 2003 S of Nv 789, 18 Jun 2003 (several mature larvae (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1928) feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1878) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 1 Jul 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1611) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Area rd., 3.5 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 6 Jul 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1615) 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1910) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River Valley, 2.0 mi. N ULMACEAE of Battle Mountain, 28 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) Ulmus pumila L. (i) (NSM, GTA #1941) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 12 Jul 1965 NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 12 Jun (larvae on leaves, some raised to adult) (no plant 2003 (numerous larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, coll., GTA) GTA #1845, BB) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 15 Jun NV: Lyon Co.; E end Wilson Canyon, 10 Aug 1967 1966 (larvae on leaves) (no plant coll., GTA) (many larvae) (fide D. Bauer) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., Apr 1986 NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, Garden (larva on leaf, pupated 13 Apr 1986, em. 23 Apr Canyon, 24 May 1984 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA 1986) (no plant coll., GTA) #895) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 30 May NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, 1986 (many larvae, some reared to adult) (no plant 4 Jun 1996 (cluster of 11 half-grown larvae feeding coll., GTA) on leaves, 15:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1529) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 27 May NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Creek, 19 2001 (numerous larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; White River Valley, Lund, 12 Aug 1983 (many larvae) (no plant coll., GTA) Aglais milberti subpallida (Cockerell, 1889) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, N end of URTICACEAE Cave Lake State Park, 17 Jul 1991 (mass of larvae Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne (Plate 3A) feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1524) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon, 23 May AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 115

1963 (many larvae) (fide J. Leser) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 6 Apr Jul 1987 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:35 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) PST) (NSM, GTA #1454) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 19 May Antennaria soliceps S.F.Blake* (Plate 12A) 1993 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., ridge above Kyle NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May Canyon, 15 Jul 1979 (ovip. on upper surface of 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) leaf) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Mts., Blue Lake Rd., Gnaphalium luteo-album L.* (i) 4-12 mi. SW of Nv 140, 1 Aug 1971 (masses of NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 26 Apr larvae) (fide S. O. Mattoon) 2000 (ovip. many times on upperside of lower NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Waterpipe leaves of young plant, larvae reared to adults) Canyon, 1.1 mi. N of Nv 226, 22 Jun 1981 (adult (NSM, GTA #1539) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Lorenzi Park, 30 May NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill 2001 (full grown larvae, pupae) (no plant coll., Summit-Merritt Creek, 6.9 mi. N of Sunflower GTA, cf GTA #1539) Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) NV: Eureka Co.; Roberts Mts., Pete Hansen Creek, ASTERACEAE 22 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Achillea millefolium L. NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Fenalon, 6.1 mi. NE of I-80, 4.5 mi. E of summit, 16 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Independence Creek, 24 Jul 2001 (larval nest on plant coll., GTA) basal leaf) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jun Arctium lappa L. (i) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 2.0 mi. E of Currant, 10 Sep NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 2 Aug 1983 (larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #707) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Carduus nutans L. (i) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 11 Sep NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.5 mi. 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) E of Reese River, 28 Jun 1988 (several nests on NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, lower leaves, most with larvae) (no plant coll., 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, US 50, 1.4 mi. W Ranch, 30 May 1983 (ovip. on lower leaf) (no plant of Bob Scott Summit at Grass Valley Rd., 17 Jun coll., GTA) 1991 (nest with larva) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Cottonwood NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 2.5 mi. S of Canyon, 16 Jul 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (four larvae in nests on GTA) separate plants) (NSM, GTA #1600) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Ophir Canyon, 16 Jun Cirsium andersoni (A.Gray) Jeps. 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Carson City; Carson Range, Kings Canyon, 19 NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Stewart Creek, 23 Jun Jul 1981 (nest with larva) (NSMCC, GTA) 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Cirsium arizonicum (A.Gray) Petrak var. tenuisectum D.J.Keil NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber [Cirsium nidulum (M.E.Jones) Petrak, Cirsium arizonicium Creek, 5 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (A.Gray) Petrak var nidulum (M.E.Jones) Petrak]* (Fig. 36) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 23 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber Jul 1978 (2 nests with larvae among leaves) Creek, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., (UNLV, GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Harris Peak Rd., 5.7 mi. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber from Harris Spring, 12 Jul 1993 (larva in nest Creek, 30 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., among leaves) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek Canyon, 19 Aug 2001 (larva in nest) (NSM, GTA Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant #1675) coll., GTA) Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (i) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, Pequop exit, 5 Sep Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773) 1983 (larval nest with larva) (NSM, GTA #669) ASTERACEAE NV: Elko Co.; rd. to Fenalon, 6.1 mi. NE of I-80, Antennaria rosea Greene [Antennaria microphylla Rydb.]* Independence Creek, 24 Jul 2001 (larval nest on NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 26 leaf near stem) (NSM, GTA #1641) Jun 1979 (adult assoc., larva in nest) (UNLV, NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek GTA) Campground, 19 Aug 2001 (larva feeding on leaf, 116 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

several old nests) (NSM, GTA #1677) Cirsium scariosum Nutt. [Cirsium drummondii Torr. & A.Gray, Cirsium canovirens Rydb.* Cirsium tioganum Congdon] (Fig. 33) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.7 mi. Pequop Summit, 3 Jun 1987 (ovip. 2× on upper E of Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of upper leaves, 11:45 PST) (NSM, GTA surface of leaf near middle, 10:25 PST) (NSM, #1418) GTA #1607) Cirsium eatonii (A.Gray) B.L.Robinson var. clokeyi (S.F.Blake) NV: Nye Co.; White River Valley, Sunnyside, 15 Jul D.J.Keil [Cirsium clokeyi S.F.Blake]* 2001 (larva in nest on leaf near main stem) (NSM, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., south Charleston Peak GTA #1576) trail, 9000’, 19 Jul 1978 (nest with larva) (UNLV, NV: White Pine Co.; just N of Nye Co. line, 3.8 mi. GTA) W of Nv 318, 15 Jul 2001 (larva in nest on leaf) Cirsium mohavense (Greene) Petrak* (NSM, GTA #1584) NV: Esmeralda Co.; Fish Lake Valley, 6.2 mi. N of NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 0.7 mi. S of Dyer, 18 Sep 1983 (ovip. on upper surface of basal Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper leaf leaf, 09:05 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) surface, 09:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1602) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, US 93, 2.8 mi. NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 0.7 mi. S of S of Pahranagat NWR headquarters, 12 Aug 1983 Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (larva in nest on leaf) (larva in nest) (NSM, GTA #553) (NSM, GTA #1602) NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 17 Jun 1984 (several Cirsium subniveum Rydb.* larval nests with larvae) (NSM, GTA #990) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2.0 mi. W of NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 13 Aug 1998 Pequop Summit, 26 Jul 2001 (several larval nests) (numerous nests, some with larvae) (no plant coll., (NSM, GTA #1645) GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Nv 789, 19.0 mi. W of Nv 226, 18 Jun Cirsium neomexicanum A.Gray 2003 (several, mostly mature, larvae in nests) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., 2 mi. N of Red Cloud (NSM, GTA #1877) Mine, 5 Apr 1978 (ovip. 2× on upper leaf surface, NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 3.5 mi. N 10:10 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) of Greeley Crossing, 4 Jul 2003 (mature larva in NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 1.5 mi. E of nest) (NSM, GTA #1898) Christmas Tree Pass, 18 May 1983 (larva in nest) NV: Washoe Co.; Buckhorn Rd., 8.8 mi. W of rd. to (NSM, GTA #203) Buffalo Meadows, 2 Jul 2003 (numerous, mostly NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Cloud Mine, 1 May mature, larvae in nests) (NSM, GTA #1893) 2004 (empty nests) (no plant coll., BB) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland Rd., 3.7 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 16 Jul 2001 Mine Rd., 1.5 mi. E of Nv 376, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. (larva in nest on leaf) (NSM, GTA #1597) on upper surface of leaf near tip, 09:00 PST) Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (i) (NSM, GTA #1609) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Nv 88, 0.1 mi. N of NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland CA state line, 6 Aug 2001 (larva in nest) (NSM, Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. E of Nv 376, 20 Jul 2001 GTA #1654) (several larval nests at leaf bases near stem) (NSM, NV: Elko Co.; US 93, Little Salmon River Valley, GTA #1609) 22.4 mi. S of Jackpot, 7 Sep 1983 (larval nest) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland (NSM, GTA #674) Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. E of Nv 376, 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. NV: Elko Co.; N end of Crittenden Reservoir, 24 Jul on upper surface of middle leaf, 10:40 PST) (NSM, 2001 (larval nest on upper leaf) (no plant coll., cf GTA #1609) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv 722 at Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. E of Nv 376, 20 Jul 2001 (larval Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (three larvae in nests at nest near leaf tip on rosette) (NSM, cf GTA #1609) leaf junction with stem) (NSM, GTA #1604) NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland NV: White Pine Co.; Steptoe Valley, Cherry Creek Mine Rd., 2.3 mi. E of Nv 376, 20 Jul 2001 (larva Rd., 3.6 mi. W of US 93, 16 Jul 2001 (larva next to in nest at base of leaf at stem) (NSM, cf GTA nest) (no plant coll., GTA) #1609) BORAGINACEAE Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps. var. candidissimum (Greene) Amsinckia tessellata A.Gray var. tessellata (Plate 10D) J.F.Macbr. [Cirsium pastoris J. Howell]* NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Lower Daggett Pass, 3.9 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (many larvae Creek, 23 Aug 1981 (several old nests) (NSMCC, in nests) (NSM, GTA #1573) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Kingsbury Grade, Pass, 4.5 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (several 5.0 mi. W of Nv 206, 30 Aug 1988 (larvae in nests) larvae in nests) (no plant coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 117

Pass, 7.9 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (many larvae (NSM, GTA #1274) in nests) (no plant coll., GTA) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. humicola (A.Nelson) Barneby* NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Phinney Canyon, 21.0 Pass, 9.0 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (larva in mi. W of US 95, 26 May 1983 (ovip. on stem, nest) (no plant coll., GTA) 16:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #252) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 1 Lupinus shockleyi S.Watson* May 2001 (old nests in several plants) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, coll., GTA) 20 Apr 1978 (larval nests on two plants) (UNLV, Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth.* Pass, 2.1 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (ovip. 5× on NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., rd. to Christmas Tree upper part among flowers, 07:35 PST) (NSM, Pass, 4.5 mi. E of US 95, 1 May 2001 (larva in GTA #1572) nest) (NSM, GTA #1574) Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene** NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 1 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Clark Canyon, 4.2 mi. E May 2001 (two larvae in nests on separate plants) of Wheeler Pass Rd., 9 Jun 1983 (ovip. on lower (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1574) surface of leaf, 10:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #370) MALVACEAE FABACEAE Alcea rosea L. (i) Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. fremontii (A.Gray) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., several S.Watson** (Plate 8D) dates (ovip. and larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1.5 mi. S of NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 7 Jun 1965 Nv 160, 13 Apr 1981 (larva in nest) (no plant coll., (ovip. on leaf) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 21 Jun Astragalus malacus A.Gray** 1965 (larvae in nests, two reared to adult) (no plant NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Nv 338, 1.0 mi. NE coll., GTA) of CA state line, 16 May 1986 (ovip. on upper NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 10 Jul 1965 surface of leaf, 09:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1272) (larvae on leaves) (no plant coll., GTA) Lupinus arbustus Douglas ex Lindl.* NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 30 Mar NV: Elko Co.; Winecup Ranch-Thurston Spring Rd., 1968 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) 6.2 mi. N of Fenelon junction, 12 Jun 1990 (1/2 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 12 Apr grown larva in nest) (NSM, GTA #1518) 1973 (larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant coll., Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. rubricaulis (Greene) S.L.Welsh GTA) (Plate 8F) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 19 Aug NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon 1989 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf) (no plant Campground, 12 Jun 2001 (larva) (NSM, BB) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray (Plate 4C) Campground, 14 Jun 2001 (larva) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., several BB) dates (ovip. and larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 7 Jun 1965 Campground, 22 Jul 2001 (larva in nest) (NSM, (ovip. several times on leaves) (no plant coll., BB) GTA) Lupinus arizonicus (S.Watson) S.Watson* NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 21 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 9 mi. W of 1965 (many larvae in nests and on leaves, one Davis Dam, 23 Mar 1978 (larva on leaf) (UNLV, reared to adult) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 10 Jul 1965 Lupinus concinnus J.Agardh. var. orcuttii (S.Watson) C.P.Smith (larvae feeding on leaves) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Christmas Tree Pass, NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 10 Apr 23 Mar 1978 (larva in nest) (UNLV, GTA) 1988 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf) (no plant NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 1.5 mi. E of coll., GTA) Christmas Tree Pass, 18 May 1983 (larva feeding NV: Lincoln Co.; Mormon Mts., Toquop Wash, 5 on leaves, raised to adult) (NSM, GTA #198) Jun 1983 (larva) (NSM, GTA #353) Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. confertus (Kellogg) C.P.Smith* NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Pleasant Valley, 5.3 NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 8 mi. W of UT state line, 28 May 2003 (larva in nest Sep 1984 (3 larval nests, 1 with larva among near top of plant) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA leaves) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #608) #1824) Lupinus nevadensis A.Heller* Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.* NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Silverado Canyon NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 4 May Rd. at CA state line, 16 May 1986 (ovip. on upper 1990 (larva in nest among leaves, reared to adult) surface of leaf [center] at origin, 12:20 PST) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1036) 118 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Vanessa annabella (Field, 1971) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa, 7 Sep 1984 MALVACEAE (ovip. 4× on leaf petiole at base of leaf, 16:00 Alcea rosea L. (i) PST) (NSM, GTA #1187) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., several Sidalcea oregana (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray dates (ovip. and larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.7 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 27 Mar E of Reese River, 3 Aug 1995 (larva) (no plant 1964 (larva) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) (Fig. 37) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 10 Jun NV: Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, 2.7 mi. 1965 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) E of Reese River, 18 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 25 Jun surface of leaf, 10:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1606) 1966 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) Sphaeralcea ambigua A.Gray (Plate 4C) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 25 Jun NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., many dates 1966 (larvae in nests, one reared to adult) (no plant (larvae) (Austin and Austin 1980) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 17 Jul 1965 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 3 Mar 1977 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) (ovip. on leaf) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 30 Jul 1965 Malva neglecta Wallr. (i) (larvae) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Storey Co.; I-80 at Truckee River, 7 Sep 1984 NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 20 Jul 1966 (ovip. on upper of surface of leaf, 10:00 PST) (larvae, some raised to adult) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1184) NV: Clark Co.; Las Vegas, Eugene Ave., 23 Feb Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. [Sida leprosa (Ortega) 1977 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf) (no plant Schumann var. hederacea (Hook.) Schumann] (Fig. 3) coll., GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater NWR, Loop Rd., 28 NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Mormon Well Rd., Aug 1981 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 13:45 35.2 mi. NE of Corn Creek, 26 Apr 1983 (ovip. on PST) (NSMCC, GTA) upper surface of leaf, 12:00 PST) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa, 7 Sep 1984 GTA) (ovip. 6× on upper surface of leaf, 16:00 PST) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, 10.3 mi. E (NSM, GTA #1187) of US 95, 26 Mar 2001 (ovip. 2× on center of upper surface of leaf, 11:10 PST) (NSM, GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Hot Creek Range, Keystone Canyon, 29 May 1983 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 09:45 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) Sphaeralcea emoryi Torr.* NV: Nye Co.; Ash Meadows, 4 Nov 1984 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf) (NSM, GTA #1212) Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb.* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun 2003 (ovip.) (NSM, BB #148) Sphaeralcea parvifolia A.Nelson* NV: Esmeralda Co.; Indian Creek, 1.0 mi. W of Nv 264, 18 Jun 1983 (preoviposition on leaf, no ovum found) (NSM, GTA #433) ROSACEAE* Potentilla gracilis Hook. var. elmeri (Rydb) Jeps. [Potentilla pectinisecta Rydb.]** NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Wildhorse Creek Campground, 2 Jul 1980 (ovip. 3× on upper leaf surface, 13:30 PST) (NSMCC, GTA) URTICACEAE Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne (Plate 3A) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Little Falls, summer 1995 (larvae raised to adult) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., vicinity of Mary Jane Falls, summer 1995 (larvae raised to adult) (no plant coll., BB) Figure 36. Cirsium arizonicum. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill Summit-Merritt Creek, 10.5 mi. N of Sunflower AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 119

Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (ovip. on upper surface assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) of leaf, 11:00 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd. to Marys River Rd., NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 6.6 mi. N 16.2 mi. S of Marys River Rd., 6 Jul 2003 (adult of Greeley Crossing, 4 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Big Bend Rd. to NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Jarbidge, 1.2 mi. W of Burnt Timber Creek, 26 Jul 20 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of upper leaf, 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 13:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1618) NV: Humboldt Co.; Quinn River Valley, US 95, 3.8 NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson mi. S of Orovada, 9 Jul 1989 (adult assoc.) (no Ranch, 30 May 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of plant coll., GTA) lower leaf, 10:15 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon NV: Nye Co.; Grapevine Mts., Strozzi Ranch, 7 May Campground, 8 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1983 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf, 12:30 PST) coll., GTA) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 2 Aug NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (ovip. NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 18 on upper surface on upper leaf) (no plant coll., Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 11 Sep NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, Baker Creek 1995 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Campground, 8 Jun 1985 (ovip. 3× on upper leaf NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, lower Kingston surface near mid-rib, 13:15 PST) (no plant coll., Canyon, 25 Aug 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Timber NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Mt. Wilson Creek, 9 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Ranch, 30 May 1983 (ovip. on lower surface of GTA) leaf, 10:30 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 2.5 mi. S of NV: Mineral Co.; Wassuk Range, Cottonwood Stonehouse, 17 Jul 2001 (ovip. on upper surface of Canyon, 16 Jul 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., upper leaf, 09:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1599) GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Cottonwood Creek, 4 Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer, 1909) Aug 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) URTICACEAE NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Range, Star Creek Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne (Plate 3A) Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 12 Aug 1981 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 6 Apr assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Little Falls, summer Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (ovip. 1995 (larvae raised to adult) (no plant coll., BB) on upper surface of lower leaf, 11:40 PST) (no NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., vicinity of Mary Jane plant coll., GTA) Falls, summer 1995 (larvae raised to adult) (no NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Nv 431, 5.0 mi. E plant coll., BB) of Nv 28, 1 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 14 Jul 2003 GTA) (ovip. on flower) (no plant coll., BB) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Range, Daggett Creek, 11 Campground, 19 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant Jun 1971 (ovum and larva, 1 em. 18 Jul 1971) (fide coll., GTA) D. Bauer) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Junonia coenia grisea Austin & J. Emmel, 1998 Crossing Campground, 24 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) PHRYMACEAE (no plant coll., GTA) Mimulus guttatus DC.* NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 18 of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (no plant May 1983 (mature larva feeding on leaf) (NSM, coll., GTA) GTA #320) NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River Valley, US 93, 2.8 mi. S of Jackpot, 28 Jul 1993 (adult assoc.) (no LIMENITIDINAE plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., rd. to Yankee Bill Larval hostplants have been determined for each of the five Summit-Merritt Creek, 6.9 mi. N of Sunflower species of admirals resident in Nevada, including 20 species Reservoir Rd., 16 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant of plants (27 butterfly/plant combinations) in three families coll., GTA) (Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae). Of these, 13 are newly reported NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd. at for the species of butterfly concerned, but none are unique above McDonald Creek crossing, 17 Jun 2003 (adult the species level. Eggs are nearly always (86%) placed at or near 120 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 the tip of the leaf on its upper or lower surface; ovipositions are NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt River, 1.5 mi. W of I- throughout the day, evenly divided between morning and afternoon, 80 at Mill City, 11 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no but are concentrated between 11:00 and 13:00 PST (64%). plant coll., GTA) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt River at Mill City, 15 Limenitis archippus idaho Austin, 1998 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) SALICACEAE Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) Limenitis archippus obsoleta W. H. Edwards, 1882 NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S SALICACEAE of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (secondary adult assoc.) Populus fremontii S.Watson (NSM, GTA #1359) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) 13 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Little Salmon River, US 93, 3.1 mi. S NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep of Jackpot, 13 Jul 1986 (principal adult assoc.) 1988 (ovip. 3× on tips of leaves, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA #1358) (NSM, GTA #1499) NV: Clark Co.; Logandale, along Muddy River, 7 Jan Limenitis archippus lahontani Herlan, 1971 2000 (71 hibernacula, larvae reared to adult) (fide SALICACEAE J. Wolfe) Salix sp. Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) NV: Washoe Co.; Truckee River nr. Wadsworth, 27 NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Bowmans Reservoir, Jul 1977 (mid- to late instar larvae) (Langston 13 Jun 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1978) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 13 Jun Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: [no further data] (females ovipositing) (Herlan NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 23 1970) Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Humboldt River, I-80, 7.1 mi. W of NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep Welcome exit, 13 Jul 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Overton WMA, 7 NV: Eureka Co.; Humboldt River, Dunphy, 13 Aug Nov 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Logandale, along Muddy River, 7 Jan NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River, W side of 2000 (11 hibernacula, larvae reared to adult) (fide Winnemucca, 11 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant J. Wolfe) coll., GTA) Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball* NV: Humboldt Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 789, 6.0 mi. NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, 23 Sep E of Golconda, 12 Jul 1992 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Logandale, along Muddy River, 7 Jan NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle 2000 (numerous hibernacula, larvae reared to Mountain, 11 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, adult) (fide J. Wolfe) GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, 22 Jun NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle 2000 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1546) Mountain, 13 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Logandale, Muddy GTA) River at bridge, 28 Aug 2003 (ovip. on upper NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle surface of leaf near tip, 09:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Mountain, 7 Aug 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant #1960) coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; 2 mi. N of Battle Mountain along Limenitis weidemeyerii latifascia S. &. E. Perkins, 1967 Humboldt River, 5 Feb 2000 (numerous ROSACEAE hibernacula, larvae reared to adult) (fide J. Wolfe) Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, 2.1 mi. N of Battle NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Mountain, 13 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant Crossing Campground, 11 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1558) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River Valley, 2.0 mi. N Amelanchier utahensis Koehne (Plate 7A) of Battle Mountain, 28 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 1.9 mi. W of (NSM, GTA #1941) Pequop Summit, 6 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Fernley Canal, 29 Jun coll., GTA) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Highland Spring, NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Fernley Canal, 6 Aug 1980 22 Jul 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt River, 4 mi. W of Rd., 9.5 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 24 Jun 1984 (adult Imlay, 11 Aug 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 121

NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Rd., 6.0 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 3 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Pilot Mts., Dunlap Canyon, 10 mi. S of Mina Rd., 31 Jul 1983 (ovip. in middle of lower surface of leaf, 12:10 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Nye Co.; Quinn Canyon Range, Cherry Creek Figure 37. Sidalcea oregana. Summit, 8 Jul 1969 (adult assoc.) (fide J. F. Emmel) Amelanchier utahensis Koehne ssp. covillei (Standl.) Clokey (Plate 7A) NV: Elko Co.; Pequop Mts., I-80, 2.0 mi. W of Pequop Summit, 26 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1646) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Rd., 9.6 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 9 Jun 1985 (ovip. 2× on leaf edge near tip, 09:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1216) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve Creek, 12 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1714) Amelanchier utahensis Koehne ssp. utahensis (Plate 7A) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., 2.8 mi. N of Sunflower Reservoir Rd., 17 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1874) NV: White Pine Co.; Butte Mts., Middle Canyon, 4.8 mi. W of West Butte Valley Rd., 8 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1911) Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim [Holodiscus discolor var. dumosus (S.Watson) Dippel] (Plate 7B) NV: Lander Co.; Desatoya Mts., Nv 722, 3.0 mi. E of Carroll Summit, 18 Jul 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #480) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 3.2 mi. W of Nv 376, 8 Jul 1984 (ovip. at leaf tip, 15:20 PST) (NSM, GTA #1065) NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 6500’, 10 Jul 1969 (ovip. on leaf tip, 12:10 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) [reported as Holodiscus boursieri (Carr.) Rehd.] Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. [Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (Nelson) Sarg.] (Fig. 16) NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Creek, 2-6 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul Rd., 6.3 mi. S of Atlanta Rd., 8 Jun 1985 (last 2002 (ovip. 2× on edge of upper surface of leaf, instar larva on leaf, found and reared to adult by G. 1.5-2 m above ground, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA Gorelick) (NSM, GTA #1213) #1732) SALICACEAE NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo Populus angustifolia James Creek, 2-6 mi. W of Spring Valley Rd., 14 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo 2002 (ovip. on edge of lower surface of leaf, 1.5 m Creek, 7000’, 31 Jul 1969 (ovip. on leaf tip, 11:15 above ground, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1732) PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River at NV: Elko Co.; Pleasant Valley, Nv 227, 0.9 mi. N of Little Currant Creek Rd., 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) Lamoille Canyon Rd., 15 Jul 1986 (ovip. 3× on (NSM, GTA #1586) edge of upper surface of leaf near tip, 12:30 PST) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo (NSM, GTA #1362) Creek Rd., 2.0 mi. W of Nv 893, 16 Jul 2001 (adult NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1595) 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 122 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

NV: Elko Co.; Charleston Rd., 6.5 mi. E of Nv 225, Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball* 22 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., NV: Elko Co.; East Humboldt Range, Angel Creek Chino Creek, 0.5 mi. S of jct. Wilson Reservoir Campground, 26 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Rd., 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1907) coll., GTA) Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Crossing Campground, 15 Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) Canyon, 5-7 mi. W of Nv 400, 25 Jun 1983 (ovip. (no plant coll., GTA) on lower surface of leaf near tip, 12;10 PST) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., McDonald Creek Rd., (NSM, GTA #460) 4.8 mi. S of National Forest boundary, 27 Jul 2003 Salix lasiolepis Benth.* (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., Maggie Creek, Nv NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, San Juan Creek, 27 11A, 0.5 mi. E of Maggie Summit, 11 Jul 2000 Jun 1994 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1556) NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse Rd., 2.0 mi. E of Kalamazoo Summit, 16 Jul 2001 Crossing Campground, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) (NSM, GTA #1630) Salix eastwoodiae A.Heller* NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 8 Sep NV: Elko Co.; Independence Mts., North Fork Rd., 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1965) 4.6 mi. E of Jack Creek Summit, 12 Jul 2000 (adult Salix lemmonii Bebb* assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1563) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) Rd., 1.0 mi. N of Yankee Bill Summit, 25 Jul 2003 NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, Wildhorse (ovip. at leaf edge on ventral surface near tip, 09:55 Crossing Campground, 11 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) PST) (NSM, GTA #1930) (NSM, GTA #1557) Salix lucida Muhlenb. ssp. caudata (Nutt.) E.Murray [Salix NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North lasiandra Benth. var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudworth]* Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no NV: Elko Co.; Owyhee River Valley, North plant coll., GTA) Wildhorse Creek, 23 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, NV: Humboldt Co.; Quinn River. 3 mi. W of GTA #1634) Orovada, 3 Mar 2000 (7 hibernacula) (fide J. Salix lutea Nutt.* Wolfe) NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, Rd., 1.7 mi. S of Yankee Bill Summit, 25 Jul 2003 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1615) (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1928) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Gilman Spring, 21 NV: Elko Co.; Jarbidge Mts., Yankee Bill Summit Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Rd., 7.3 mi. N of Yankee Bill Summit, 27 Jul 2003 NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1939) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 6.6 mi. N NV: Nye Co.; Toiyabe Range, Jett Canyon, 6800’, 10 of Greeley Crossing, creek 0.2 mi. S of rd. to Twin Jul 1969 (ovip. on leaf tip, 12:30 PST) (Emmel et Valley Springs and Button Lake, 4 Jul 2003 (adult al. 1970) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1899) NV: Nye Co.; US 6, 1.9 mi. E of Currant, 10 Jul 1984 NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing, 4 Jul 2003 (ovip. at tip of leaf, 11:30 PST) (NSM, GTA, (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1900) #1078) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Kingston Canyon, NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Meadow Canyon, 19 20 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1611) Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Birch Creek, 21 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, N end of 2001 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1619) Cave Lake State Park, 17 Jul 1991 (ovip. on edge NV: White Pine Co.; Kern Mts., Blue Mass Scenic of leaf near tip, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA #1524) Area rd., 3.5 mi. W of Pleasant Valley Rd., 6 Jul NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River at 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1910) Little Currant Creek Rd., 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Limenitis weidemeyerii nevadae (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924) NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., White River ROSACEAE Campground, 15 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Amelanchier utahensis Koehne (Plate 7A) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Sheep Range, Sawmill Canyon, 4 mi. NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo NW of Mormon Well, 6700’. 2 Jul 1969 (ovip. on Rd., 3.2 mi. E of Duck Creek, 16 Jul 2001 (adult leaf tip, 07:45 PST) (Emmel et al. 1970) assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Red Rock Summit Rd., NV: White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Kalamazoo 1.5 mi. E of Lovell Wash, 22 Jun 1977 (adult Creek Rd., 2.0 mi. W of Nv 893, 16 Jul 2001 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1594) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Deer Creek Rd., 2.6 mi. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 123

W of Kyle Canyon, 7 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) (no Limenitis weidemeyerii latifascia S. & E. Perkins, 1967/ plant coll., GTA) Limenitis lorquini itelkae Guppy, 2001 hybrid zone NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Harris Peak Rd., 7.3 mi. ROSACEAE W of Harris Spring Rd., 27 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) Prunus virginiana L. (Fig. 16) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Range, Alta Creek, SALICACEAE Oct 2005 (38 hibernacula, most with larvae) (fide Populus angustifolia James T. Stout) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Echo Canyon, 22 Jul SALICACEAE 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Populus sp. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon ski area, 8 NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Range. Alta Creek, Jul 1987 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 2-4 mi. W of Nv 140, 26 Jan 2003 (2 hibernacula) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, (fide J. Wolfe) 29 Jun 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1474) Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon nr. NV: Humboldt Co.; Santa Rosa Mts., Lye Creek Rainbow Canyon, 26 Jul 2000 (larva feeding on Campground, 13 Jul 2000 (adult assoc.) (no plant leaf) (no plant coll., BB) coll., GTA) Populus tremuloides Michx. (Plate 5C) Salix sp. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Range. Alta Creek, 29 Jun 1988 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf tip, 2-4 mi. W of Nv 140, 26 Jan 2003 (6 hibernacula) 12:40 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) (fide J. Wolfe) Salix lasiolepis Benth.* Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 13 Jun NV: Humboldt Co.; Pine Forest Range. Alta Creek, 1977 (and many subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) 2-4 mi. W of Nv 140, 26 Jan 2003 (8 hibernacula) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1038) (fide J. Wolfe) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lee Canyon (seep), 29 Salix gooddingii C.R.Ball* Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf BB NV: Elko Co.; Rock Creek-Scraper Spring Rd., #10) Chino Creek, 0.5 mi. S of jct. Wilson Reservoir NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Cold Creek, 1 Jul 1977 Rd., 5 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1907) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Salix lutea Nutt.* NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 27 Jun NV: Humboldt Co.; Greeley Crossing Rd., 6.6 mi. N 1984 (ovip. at tip of terminal leaf, 10:00 PST) of Greeley Crossing, creek 0.2 mi. S of rd. to Twin (NSM, GTA #1038) Valley Springs and Button Lake, 4 Jul 2003 (adult NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 13 Jun assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1899) 1999 (larvae reared to adult, em. 22 Jun 1999) (no plant coll., BB) Limenitis lorquini lorquini Boisduval, 1852 NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 16 Jun SALICACEAE 1999 (larva reared to adult) (no plant coll., BB) Populus fremontii S.Watson NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 9 Jul NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Walker River, jct. Nv 1999 (1st instar larva) (no plant coll., BB) 340 and Nv 39, 16 Aug 1996 (ovip. at leaf tip, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 23 May 14:10 PST) (NSM, GTA #1534) 2000 (ovip. on leaf tip, 11:15 PST) (NSM, GTA NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, #1542) 26 Jun 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Fletcher Canyon, 26 Jun NV: Washoe Co.; rd. W of Pyramid Lake at Rush 2001 (1st instar larva feeding on leaf) (NSM, BB Creek, 29 May 1984 (ovip. near edge of leaf, mid- #4) tree but among lowest leaves, 08:40 PST) (NSM, GTA #911) Limenitis weidemeyerii angustifascia (Barnes & Benjamin, Salix sp. 1912) NV: Churchill Co.; Carson River, 1/4 mi. ROSACEAE downstream from Lahontan Reservoir Dam, 19 Feb Amelanchier utahensis Koehne (Plate 7A) 1999 (numerous hibernacula, larvae reared to NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 26 Jun adult) (fide J. Wolfe) 1978 (adult assoc.) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; S of Gardenerville, 12 Aug 1966 NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun (5 larvae) (fide D. Bauer) 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Washoe Co.; Truckee River nr. Wadsworth, 27 SALICACEAE Jul 1977 (mid- to late instar larvae) (Langston Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) 1978) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 26 Jun Salix drummondiana Hook.* 1978 (ovip. on upper surface of leaf tip, 10:35 NV: Storey Co.; Six Mile Canyon, 1.6 mi. E of Nv PST) (UNLV, GTA) 431, 24 Jun 1980 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA; cf 124 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

also GTA #807) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Mt. Springs Summit, 28 Salix eastwoodiae A.Heller* Jul 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts., Desert Creek at NV: Lincoln Co.; Wilson Creek Range, Wilson Peak Risue Canyon, 27 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant Rd., 7000’, 20 Jun 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #863) coll., GTA) Salix exigua Nutt. (Plate 2H, 5D) NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson NV: Churchill Co.; Stillwater NWR, Loop Rd., 25 Canyon, 15 Jul 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., Aug 1983 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, 8 mi. E of Fallon, 25 Jun NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 19 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, US 395 at Carson GTA) River, 6 Aug 1981 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 24 Aug GTA) 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Dressler Lane, 0.3 NV: Lincoln Co.; Highland Range, Anderson mi. E of Nv 88, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no plant Canyon, 3 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., coll., GTA) GTA) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Genoa Lane, 2.3 NV: Lincoln Co.; Beaver Dam State Park, 21 Jul mi. W of US 395, 6 Aug 2001 (adult assoc.) (no 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) plant coll., GTA) Quercus turbinella Greene (Plate 3B) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Miller Lane, 0.5 mi. E NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 4 Jun of US 95A, 14 Aug 1979 (adult assoc.) (no plant 1983 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #342) coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Pine Creek Canyon, 19 NV: Lyon Co.; US 95A at Fernley Canal, 29 Jun May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) 1980 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Oak Creek Canyon, 20 NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Nv 208, 0.5 mi. W May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) junction of Mason Rd., 22 Jul 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., First Creek Canyon, 22 (no plant coll., GTA) May 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Lost Creek Canyon, 3 4 Jun 1996 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1529) Jun 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., BB) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, 4 Jul 1996 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Adelpha californica (Butler, 1865) NV: Lyon Co.; Mason Valley, Mason Valley WMA, FAGACEAE 26 Jun 1998 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg Salix laevigata Bebb* (Fig. 38) NV: Washoe Co.; Lake Tahoe, Kennedy Memorial NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, Jumbo Grade, 1.2 Point, 28 Jun 1985 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., mi. E of East Lake Blvd., 7 Aug 2001 (adult GTA, cf GTA #487) assoc.) (NSM, GTA #1657) Salix scouleriana Hook.* APATURINAE NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, above Incline Village, First Creek area, 10 Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) The single species of apaturine in Nevada may not breed in the (NSM, GTA #1916) state. The species of this subfamily feed as larvae mostly on the leaves of Celtis (Ulmaceae) that are the exclusive larval hostplants Adelpha eulalia (Doubleday, [1848]) for the genus occurring in Nevada, Asterocampa. The only records FAGACEAE for the butterfly in the state have been in association with this Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fig. 2) plant. NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 22 Jun 1968 (and several subsequent dates) (adult assoc.) Asterocampa celtis montis (W. H. Edwards, 1883) (no plant coll., GTA) ULMACEAE NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Celtis reticulata Torr. Campground, 17 Jun 1977 (and several subsequent NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., 0.4 mi. N of Nay Ranch, dates) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 11 Oct 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Willow Creek, 17 Jun NV: Lincoln Co.; Meadow Valley Wash, Grapevine 1977 (ovip.) (no plant coll., GTA) Canyon, 19 Sep 1988 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski run, 17 #1498) Jun 1977 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock Summit Rd., 22 Jun 1977 SATYRINAE (ovip.) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Clark Co.; Virgin Mts., Cabin Canyon, 10 May Larval hostplants have been determined for four of the seven 1978 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) species of satyrs in Nevada, including three species of Poaceae AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 125

(4 butterfly/plant combinations). Of these, three are newly reported species and genera for the species of butterfly concerned (Heterostipa for Cercyonis sthenele, Distichlis for Cercyonis oetus, and Leymus for Cercyonis pegala). Leymus is a common or the dominant vegetative component of sites occupied by C. pegala in Nevada (see also Emmel and Mattoon 1972). Populations of this species are often located by the presence of that grass. Similarly, populations of Neominois ridingsii are frequently encountered by searching within stands of Heterostipa comata. Determination of larval hostplants for satyrines is difficult, similar to the situation in hesperiines. Oviposition often appears haphazard, may be on dead leaves, and is not necessarily on species fed upon by larvae; females of some species do not attach their eggs and larvae may be nocturnal (e.g., Gilbert and Smiley 1978; Scott 1992, 2006a). Data from Nevada are insufficient for any generalizations.

Cercyonis pegala paucilineatus Austin, 1992 POACEAE Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve** NV: Humboldt Co.; Kings River Valley, 9.0 mi. N of Figure 38. Salix laevigata. Kings River, 24 Aug 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of leaf blade near ground, 09:00 PST) (NSM, GTA #1108) 13.0 mi. E of Nv 376, 18 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Cercyonis pegala paludum Austin, 1992 NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 2.1 mi N of Atlanta, POACEAE 18 Jun 1990 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve** NV: Lincoln Co.; Spring Valley, 3.5 mi. N of Atlanta, NV: Elko Co.; Clover Valley, US 93, 11.7 mi. S of 31 May 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) Wells, 14 Jul 1986 (adult assoc.) (NSM, GTA NV: Lincoln Co.; Lake Valley, 3.3 mi. E of US 93, #1360) Lake Valley Estates Rd., 1 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.)

(no plant coll., GTA) Cercyonis sthenele paulus (W. H. Edwards, 1879) NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Moores Creek Rd., POACEAE 2.4 mi. E of Moores Creek Summit, 5 Jul 1991 Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth** (Plate 12C) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; Anchorite Hills, Nv 359, 0.7 mi. N NV: Nye Co.; Toquima Range, Moores Creek Rd., of Anchorite Pass, 5 Aug 2001 (adult assoc., only 1.6 mi. W of Moores Creek Summit, 5 Jul 1991 grass present) (NSM, GTA #1648) (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA)

NV: White Pine Co.; US 50, 0.1 mi. E Robinson Cercyonis oetus alkalorum Austin, 1998 Summit, 20 Jul 1991 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., POACEAE GTA) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene** (Plate 12D) NV: White Pine Co.; Spring Valley, 3.2 mi. E US 93, NV: Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, Northumberland 2.3 mi. S Shoshone Rd., 11 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) Mine Rd., 1.5 mi. E of Nv 376, 9 Jul 1984 (ovip. (no plant coll., GTA) on lower stem, 11:15 PST) (NSM, GTA #1073)

Neominois ridingsii pallidus Austin, 1986 Neominois ridingsii stretchii (W. H. Edwards, 1870) POACEAE POACEAE Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth (Plate 12C) Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth (Plate 12C) NV: Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mts. Silverado Canyon NV: no locations given (associated closely) (Austin Rd at CA state line, 3 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) 1986) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Elko Co.; US 93, 19.8 mi. S of Spruce Mt. Rd., NV: Lyon Co.; Pine Grove Hills, Pine Grove Canyon, 15 Jun 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) 7 mi. W of Nv 3C to summit, 5 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Eureka Co.; Diamond Mts., 1.8 mi. E of Pinto assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Summit, 21 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) (NSMCC, NV: Mineral Co.; Anchorite Hills, Nv 359, 1.4 mi. W GTA) of Anchorite Pass, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., (NSMCC, GTA) 2.2 mi. E of Petes Summit, 18 Jun 1981 (adult NV: Mineral Co.; Alkali Valley, Larkin Dry Lake assoc.) (NSMCC, GTA) Rd., 4.8 mi. N of Nv 359, 6 Jun 1981 (adult assoc.) NV: Lander Co.; Toquima Range, Petes Summit Rd., 126 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

(NSMCC, GTA) NV: Mineral Co.; US 95, 4.0 mi. S of Schurz, 8 Jul 1982 (larvae on leaves) (NSMCC, GTA) DANAINAE NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.5 mi. S of Springdale, 30 Aug 1984 (mature larva feeding on pod) (NSM, GTA Larval hostplants have been determined for both of the species #1146) of danaines resident in Nevada, including 12 species of plants (18 NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 3.1 mi. N of Beatty, 15 Sep butterfly/plant combinations) in Apocynaceae. Four are newly 2003 (full grown larva on leaf) (no plant coll., reported for the species of butterfly concerned; one of these, the use GTA) of Apocynum by Danaus gilippus, represents a new genus of plant NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek for the species. Larval hostplants of Danainae are rather easily Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 8 Aug 1980 (several determined since females are obvious as they oviposit, larvae are larvae mostly on small plants) (NSMCC, GTA) conspicuous, and stands of Asclepias are usually monospecific in NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Nevada. Oviposition occurs throughout the day and is generally Canyon, 4.2 mi. W of Nv 400, 11 Jul 1981 (several on lower surfaces of leaves, although eggs are placed on stems of larvae) (NSMCC, GTA) species with tiny leaves (Asclepias subulata, Sarcostemma). NV: Pershing Co.; West Humboldt Range, Star Creek Canyon, 5-6 mi. W of Nv 400, 30 Jul 1988 (mature Danaus plexippus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1487) APOCYNACEAE NV: Pershing Co.; West Humboldt Range, Star Asclepias sp. Creek, 5 mi. W of Nv 400, 14 Jul 2000 (4th instar NV: Lyon Co.; 7 mi. W of Ft. Churchill, 21 Jun 1970 larva feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1566) (larvae) (Langston 1971) NV: Washoe Co.; Washoe Valley, Washoe Lake Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson State Park, South Beach area, 7 Aug 2001 (3 larvae NV: Clark Co.; Red Rock area, Icebox Canyon, 10 feeding on leaves) (NSM, GTA #1655) Sep 1985 (larvae) (NSM, GTA) Asclepias hallii A.Gray* Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jeps. NV: White Pine Co.; White Pine Mts., Little Currant NV: Douglas Co.; Kingsbury Grade, 4.0 mi. W of Nv Creek Rd., 2.4 mi. N of Nye Co. line, 17 Jul 1980 206, 22 Aug 1989 (mature larvae feeding on (late instar larva) (NSMCC, GTA) leaves) (NSM, GTA #1511) Asclepias incarnata L. Asclepias cryptoceras S.Watson NV: Lander Co.; Toiyabe Range, Big Creek, 18 Jun NV: location not given (used in the state) (Lynch and 1978 (larvae) (UNLV, GTA) Martin 1993) NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, Hiko Junction, Asclepias erosa Torr. (Plate 10E) 22 Jul 1979 (several larvae) (UNLV, GTA) NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 17 Sep Asclepias ruthiae Maguire* 1981 (several larvae feeding on leaves) (NSMCC, NV: Elko Co.; Butte Valley, ca. 2 mi. W of Butte GTA) Valley Rd., 8 Jun 1992 (1/2 grown larva, prostrate NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 14 Sep plant with purplish flowers and narrow leaves 1983 (larva feeding on leaf) (no plant coll., GTA, growing on small sand dune, no other plant cf GTA #356) encountered in area) (no plant coll., GTA) Asclepias fascicularis Decne. Asclepias speciosa Torr. NV: Churchill Co.; US 50, 8 mi. E of Fallon, 4 Aug NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Mottsville Lane, 1998 (larvae on stems) (no plant coll., GTA) 1.0 mi. W of Nv 88, 6 Aug 2001 (larva eating leaf) NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, US 395, south of (NSM, GTA #1649) Gardnerville at fish hatchery rd., 9 Jul 1998 (larva NV: Douglas Co.; Pine Nut Mts., US 395, 2.9 mi. N on stem) (no plant coll., GTA) of Holbrook Jct., 6 Aug 2002 (ovip. 3× on middle NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Nv 206, 4.7 mi. N of lower surface of middle leaf, 11:20 PST) (NSM, of Nv 207, 6 Aug 2001 (larvae feeding on leaves) GTA #1746) (NSM, GTA #1652) NV: Elko Co.; N end of Crittenden Reservoir, 24 Jul NV: Esmeralda Co.; White Mts., Indian Creek Ranch, 2001 (larva on leaf) (NSM, GTA #1644) 23 Aug 1983 (larvae) (NSM, GTA #586) NV: Humboldt Co.; I-80, Stonehouse, 1 Jul 1980 NV: Esmeralda Co.; Nv 266, Lida, 17 Sep 1983 (larvae) (NSMCC, GTA) (small larva on leaf) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Farm District Rd., 12 Aug of Battle Mountain, 22 Jul 1984 (ovip. on lower 1979 (last instar larvae) (NSMCC, GTA) surface of lower leaf of young plant, 08:50 PST) NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley Canal at US 95A, 29 Jun (NSM, GTA #1081) 1980 (various instar larvae) (NSMCC, GTA) NV: Lander Co.; Humboldt River, Nv 806, 2.1 mi. N NV: Lyon Co.; Fernley, 6 Aug 2003 (adult assoc.) of Battle Mountain, 22 Jul 1984 (1/2 grown larva (fide P. Cherubini) on leaf) (NSM, GTA #1081) NV: Lyon Co.; Yerington, 6 Aug 2003 (full grown NV: Nye Co.; Duckwater, 10 Jul 1984 (ovip. on larva) (fide P. Cherubini) lower surface of lower leaf, 10:45 PST) (NSM, AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 127

GTA #1077) of Danaus plexippus) (NSM, GTA #1692) NV: Pershing Co.; Humboldt Mts., Star Creek Asclepias subulata Decne. Canyon, 4.2 mi. W of Nv 400, 11 Jul 1981 (ovip. NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., 9 mi. W of Davis 2× on lower surface of central leaves, 08:30 PST) Dam, 3 May 1978 (ovip. beneath flower heads, (NSMCC, GTA) 10:00 PST) (Austin and Austin 1980) NV: Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Davis Creek Park, 4 NV: Clark Co.; Nv 163, 2 mi. W of Davis Dam, 18 Aug 2002 (2 1/2 grown larvae on leaves) (NSM, May 1983 (larva) (NSM, GTA #186) GTA #1743) NV: Clark Co.; Nv 163 at Needles Highway, 27 Sep NV: White Pine Co.; Snake Range, US 6, 3.0 mi. S of 1988 (ovip. 5× on mid-stems, 14:05 PST) (NSM, Sacramento Pass, 2 Jul 1986 (3rd-4th instar GTA #1501) larvae sitting on stems, 07:30 PST) (NSM, GTA Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne. ssp. hartwegii (Vail) #1350) R.W.Holm (Fig. 39) NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 2.5 mi. E of US NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, 3 93, 23 Aug 2001 (several larvae feeding on leaves) Aug 1977 (mature larva) [Austin and Austin 1980, (NSM, GTA #1692) misdetermined as Sarcostemma hirtellum (A.Gray) NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 1.8 mi. E of US R.W.Holm] 93, 13 Jul 2002 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, cf GTA #1692) 27 Sep 1977 (ovip. single eggs on stems between NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 2.5 mi. E of US leaf bases, 10:40 PST, 11:00 PST) (Austin and 93, 8 Sep 2003 (two larvae feeding on leaves) (no Austin 1980) [misdetermined as Sarcostemma plant coll., GTA, cf GTA #1692) hirtellum (A.Gray) R.W.Holm] Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne. ssp. hartwegii (Vail) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Grapevine Canyon, R.W.Holm (Fig. 39) 20 Apr 1978 (ovip. on stems, 13:30 PST) (Austin NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 22 and Austin 1980) [misdetermined as Sarcostemma Aug 1990 (ovip. 2× on lower surface of stems, hirtellum (A.Gray) R.W.Holm] 10:30 PST) (no plant coll., GTA) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 18 May 1983 (larvae on leaves) (NSM, GTA #179) Danaus gilippus thersippus (H. Bates, 1863) NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Sacatone Wash, 13 APOCYNACEAE Sep 1984 (ovip. on stem, 12:45 PST) (NSM, GTA Apocynum androsaemifolium L.** #1201) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, 7 NV: Clark Co.; Nv 163 at Needles Highway, 27 Sep Jul 1981 (ovip. on upper stem, 12:15 PST) 1988 (ovip. 3× on stems, 14:20 PST) (NSM, GTA (NSMCC, GTA) #1502) NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon ski area, NV: Clark Co.; Newberry Mts., Nv 163, Hiko Spring, 11 Jul 1981 (larva feeding on leaf) (NSMCC, 22 Sep 2003 (adult assoc.) (no plant coll., GTA) GTA) Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson DISCUSSION NV: Clark Co.; Spring Mts., Kyle Canyon Ranger Station, 27 Jun 1984 (ovip. on lower surface of Based upon nearly 3800 individual records, butterflies in Nevada leaf, 09:05 PST) (NSM, GTA #1030) have been found to use a total of 398 species of plants included in Asclepias erosa Torr. (Plate 10E) 150 genera and 35 families as follows: Agavaceae (6 species, 2 NV: Lincoln Co.; US 93, Coyote Springs, 8 Jun 1983 genera), Amaranthaceae (19, 11), Apiaceae (10, 4), Apocynaceae (several larvae) (NSM, GTA #356) (12, 3), Asteraceae (38, 23), Boraginaceae (5, 4), Brassicaceae Asclepias fascicularis Decne. (57, 24), Caprifoliaceae (2, 1), Crassulaceae (1, 1), Cupressaceae NV: Douglas Co.; Hwy 88, ca. 40 mi. S of Reno, 30 (4, 2), Cyperaceae (2, 2), Fabaceae (74, 18), Fagaceae (4, 2), Jul 2003 (adult assoc.) (fide P. Cherubini) Grossulariaceae (6, 1), Juncaceae (1, 1), Malvaceae (12, 5), NV: Nye Co.; US 95, 1.3 mi. N of Beatty, 4 Jun 1992 Oleaceae (1, 1), Orobanchaceae (10, 2), Phrymaceae (1, 1), Pinaceae (2 larvae on leaves) (no plant coll., GTA, cf GTA (8, 1), Plantaginaceae (14, 4), Poaceae (16, 12), Polygonaceae (42, #1146) 4), Primulaceae (1, 1), Ranunculaceae (1, 1), Rhamnaceae (4, 1), Asclepias incarnata L. Rosaceae (16, 9), Rutaceae (1, 1), Salicaceae (17, 2), Santalaceae NV: Lincoln Co.; Pahranagat Valley, upper (4, 2), Ulmaceae (2, 2), Urticaceae (1, 1), and Violaceae (7, 1). Pahranagat Lake, 14 May 1978 (ovip. on lower leaf Individual species of plants support up to 13 species of butterflies, surface) (UNLV, GTA) but the majority (60%) are known to support but one. Another Asclepias speciosa Torr.* 32% are inhabited by two or three species of butterfly. At the other NV: Douglas Co.; Carson Valley, Scossa Ranch, 10 extreme, 12 species have been recorded from Lupinus argenteus Aug 1980 (ovip. on lower surface of middle leaf) and 13 from Eriogonum umbellatum. Among genera of plants, (NSMCC, GTA) the majority (54%) support one species of butterfly; a further 35% NV: White Pine Co.; Duck Creek, 2.5 mi. E of US support two or three. Only two genera are used by more than 10 93, 23 Aug 2001 (one larva among several larvae species of butterflies with 14 on Lupinus and 25 on Eriogonum. 128 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Six families of plants have more than ten species of butterflies the cultivation of alfalfa, with Colias noted as pests as early as including Poaceae (10 species), Brassicaceae (11), Rosaceae (12), the early 20th century (Wildermuth 1914). Invasive Brassicaceae, Asteraceae (15), Fabaceae (26), and Polygonaceae (29). Sixty especially Lepidium and Sisymbrium, allow Pontia protodice and percent support one to three species of butterflies. Pontia occidentalis to inhabit many roadside and other disturbed Although this compilation is rather extensive, it is far from habitats, occasionally in huge numbers. Populations of Rorippa a complete accounting of larval hostplants in Nevada and nasturtium-aquaticum allow colonization of many montane subsequent investigations will undoubtedly increase the number of habitats by the introduced Pieris rapae (e.g., see Shapiro 1975). plants used by butterflies in the state. At least one potential larval Exotic amaranths, especially Halogeton and Salsola, facilitate the hostplant has been determined for 169 of the 190 (89%) species annual spread of Brephidium exilis northward in Nevada. Here of resident and breeding immigrant butterflies known in Nevada. they establish large populations in some years, but they apparently Of the recorded hostplants, 318 species have apparently not been cannot establish themselves permanently (e.g., see Shapiro 1974). reported for the particular species previously and include 39 new Nine of the 18 known larval hostplants of that species in Nevada generic and seven familial records. This total, although seemingly are not native. Non-native species of plants are the apparent large, is not unexpected in a largely unstudied region and there are principal larval hostplants for a number of other species as well, undoubtedly numerous additional hostplants that have yet to be including Hylephila phyleus, Lerodea eufala, some populations documented. About one-half of the species use one or two species of Euphydryas editha (see Thomas et al. 1987), and several of plants as larval hostplants. Twenty species, however, have been Lycaeninae. recorded from ten or more. The three with the greatest number, Pontia protodice (25), Colias eurytheme (20), and Vanessa cardui ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (22) occur statewide, are highly vagile, often occur in weedy situations, and are thus exposed to a range of potentially suitable We thank the many people who made their records of larval food resources. Pontia feed only on Brassicaceae, Colias feed hostplant available to us: D. Bauer, Bruce and Bret Boyd, J. Brock, only on Fabaceae, and Vanessa uses four families (Asteraceae, C. Callahan, P. Cherubini, J. Cooper, J. Crowley, W. Dawes, J. Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae), but all appear somewhat F. Emmel, G. Gorelick, B. Griffin, C. Hageman, T. Kral, R. L. opportunistic within these limits. Many of the remaining species Langston, C. S. Lawson, J. Leser, S. O. Mattoon, D. Mullins, D. using numerous larval hostplants are also broadly distributed and, Murphy, P. Opler, J. Pasko, G. Pratt, R. Robertson, E. Runquist, except Vanessa annabella (on three families), are like Colias F. Ryser, P. Savage, J. Scott, O. Shields, D. Shillingburg, T. Stout, eurytheme and Pontia protodice by using plants of one or two W. Swisher, F. Thorne, R. Wells, and J. Wolfe. We gratefully families of plants in Nevada. acknowledge the several botanists who helped with identification at Non-native plants now occur virtually worldwide (Lonsdale earlier stages of this investigation including D. Charlet, J. Holland, 1999) and undoubtedly have myriad effects on native phytophagous F. Landou, W. Niles, and A. Pinzl. D. Charlet, C. Malone, and A. insects and many may serve as potential or actual larval hostplants. Tiehm provided locations for plants that helped in finding certain These may be fully incorporated into larval diets, at times at the butterflies. The senior author thanks his mom, Anna T. Austin, for expense of native hostplants (Tabashnik 1983, Shapiro 1975, assistance in organizing collections and providing numerous initial Thomas et al. 1987, Tong and Shapiro 1989, Singer et al. 1993). determinations and A. D. Warren for moral support, literature, and In other instances, naturalized plants may serve as oviposition a preview of his then unpublished manuscript on the butterflies of sites, yet initially are refused by or are lethal to larvae (Bowden Oregon. Andrei Sourakov is thanked for organizing and assembling 1971; Chew 1977a, 1977b; Slansky and Feeny 1977), but may the color plates, editing the line drawings, and for invaluable eventually be successfully colonized (Courant et al. 1994). Other editorial assistance. Dale H. Habeck and an anonymous reviewer non-native plants may be fully suitable for development but are are thanked for a critical review of the manuscript. Partial funding not immediately so recognized by females (Karowe 1990). These for field work and for identifications of plants was provided by the plants may have myriad effects on insects including modifying their University of Nevada, Reno and Stanford University. distributions, causing extirpations, promoting local adaptation, creating larger populations, and providing additional sources of REFERENCES CITED nectar (e.g., Shapiro 1975, 2002; Tabashnik 1983; Singer et al. 1993; Novotny et al. 2003; Shapiro and Graves 2003; Tallamy Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998. 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Index of families and genera of plants

Acacia 43, 61, 79, 90 Cryptantha 117 Acamptopappus 102 Cupressaceae 43, 51, 127 Achillea 115 Cycloloma 58, 59 Acroptilon 34, 39 Cymopterus 16, 19 Agavaceae 8, 10, 127 Cynodon 10 Agave 8 Cyperaceae 8, 11, 12, 127 Alcea 6, 117, 118 Dalea 58, 79, 91 Allenrolfea 58 Descurainia 24-27, 29, 31-34 Amaranthaceae 2, 3, 58, 127, 128 Distichlis 10-12, 125 Amaranthus 5 Dodecatheon 90 Amelanchier 39, 43, 44, 120-123 Draba 28 Amphipappus 102 Elymus 8, 11, 12 Amsinckia 116 Eriogonum 41, 44, 50, 51, 53, 58, 64-77, 86-96, 127, 132 Angelica 15, 16 Fabaceae 2, 5, 22, 34, 36-39, 43, 45, 49, 58, 61, 62, 77-79, 81-83, Antennaria 115 85-87, 90, 91, 95, 117, 127, 128 Apiaceae 14, 16-18, 127 Fagaceae 2, 4, 5, 43, 119, 124, 127 Apocynaceae 2, 95, 126, 127 Fraxinus 20 Apocynum 126, 127 Gnaphalium 115 Aquilegia 3, 6 Grossulariaceae 39, 112, 113, 127 Arabis 25-27, 31-34 Guillenia 31-33 Arceuthobium 51 Halogeton 59, 128 Arctium 115 Helianthus 101 Artemisia 15, 45, 106 Heliomeris 101 Asclepias 126, 127 Hesperostipa 125 Aster 102-104, 106 Holodiscus 63, 64, 121 Asteraceae 14, 15, 34, 39, 45, 91, 95, 99, 101-104, 115, 127, 128 Juncaceae 8, 11, 127 Astragalus 36-38, 40, 62, 63, 77-81, 85-88, 99, 117 Juncus 11 Atriplex 3, 58, 59 Juniperus 43, 51-54 Baccharis 91, 94 Keckiella 2, 109, 112 Barbarea 27 Kochia 58, 60 Bassia 58, 59 Lappula 99, 117 Bebbia 91 Lathyrus 38, 78 Boraginaceae 3, 6, 107, 116, 127, 128 Lepidium 25, 28-31, 128 Brassica 29 Leymus 8, 12, 13, 125 Brassicaceae 2, 22, 24-26, 28, 29, 31-34, 127, 128 Ligusticum 16 Calocedrus 51 Lomatium 14, 16-18 Caprifoliaceae 109, 110, 127 Lotus 5, 34, 36, 80, 86, 88 Capsella 29, 34 Lupinus 5, 36, 38, 45, 58, 61, 77-80, 82-88, 117, 127 Cardamine 28 Machaeranthera 102, 103 Cardaria 27, 29 Malva 6, 118 Carduus 115 Malvaceae 2, 6, 7, 117, 118, 127, 128 Carex 8, 11 Malvella 6, 7, 118 Castilleja 2, 100, 101, 105-111 Matthiola 29 Caulanthus 22, 24, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35 Medicago 34, 36, 61, 79-82, 90 Ceanothus 5, 21, 45-48, 54, 57, 63, 113 Melilotus 35, 37, 58, 60, 62, 79, 81, 91 Celtis 95, 96, 124 Mertensia 3, 6, 107 Cercocarpus 45, 47 Mimilus 2, 119 Chamaebatiaria 63 Mimosa 58, 62 Chenopodium 59 Nitrophila 58, 60 Chorispora 27 Oleaceae 14, 20, 127 Chrysolepis 43 Orobanchaceae 2, 95, 99, 100, 105-107, 109-111, 127 Chrysothamnus 102, 104 Oxytheca 77 Cirsium 104, 105, 108, 115, 116, 118 Oxytropis 58, 85, 88, 91 Cleome 24, 26, 27 Palafoxia 39, 42 Cleomella 22, 27 Parkinsonia 43, 58 Collinsia 2, 106, 111 Pectis 34, 39 Crassulaceae 14, 127 Pedicularis 2, 108, 111 134 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

Penstemon 2, 99, 106-109, 111 Urtica 111, 114, 118, 119 Peraphyllum 64 Urticaceae 99, 111, 114, 118, 119, 127 Petrophyton 64 Vicia 62, 78 Phalaris 12 Viguiera 101 Phoradendron 43 Viola 96-99 101 Phragmites 12, 13 Violaceae 95-99, 127 Phrymaceae 2, 119, 127 Xanthium 101 Pinaceae 22, 24, 43, 55, 127 Xylorhiza 102 Pinus 22-24, 51, 55-57 Yucca 8-10 Plantaginaceae 2, 95, 99, 106-109, 111, 127 Zea 10 Plantago 111 Poa 11 Poaceae 8, 10-13, 95, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130 Polygonaceae 39-43, 50, 58, 65, 66, 68-77, 86, 88-93, 127, 128, 134 Polygonum 40, 41, 42 Populus 4, 19, 20, 113, 114, 120, 121, 123 Potentilla 3, 6, 7, 42, 99, 118 Primulaceae 90, 127 Prosopis 49, 50, 62, 79, 91, 95, 98 Prunus 20, 43, 44, 47, 121, 123 Psorothamnus 79, 91 Purshia 45, 46, 48, 49, 54, 55 Quercus 4, 5, 43, 124 Ranunculaceae 3, 6, 127 Rhamnaceae 5, 14, 21, 43, 45-48, 54, 63, 113, 127 Ribes 39, 112, 113 Robinia 2 Rorippa 28-30, 128 Rosaceae 3, 6, 7, 20, 39, 42-49, 54, 55, 63, 64, 99, 118-120, 122, 123, 127, 128 Rumex 39, 40-42 Rutaceae 14, 127 Salicaceae 4, 14, 19, 20, 43, 46, 113, 119-121, 123, 127 Salix 19, 20, 46, 47, 114, 120, 122-125 Salsola 60, 61, 128 Santalaceae 43, 51, 127 Sarcostemma 126, 127, 131 Schoenus 8, 12 Sedum 14 Senna 38, 39 Sidalcea 6, 7, 118, 121 Sisymbrium 22, 25, 28, 30-32, 128 Sorghum 10 Sphaeralcea 6-8, 117, 118 Sporobolus 8, 11 Stanleya 25 Streptanthella 31, 32 Streptanthus 26, 31 Suaeda 61, 64 Symphoricarpos 109, 110, 113 Thamnosma 14 Thelypodium 27, 28, 32 Thermopsis 35, 37 Figure. 40. Urtica dioica. Thlaspi 28 Thymophylla 34, 39 Trifolium 2, 35, 37, 81, 82, 84, 86 Ulmaceae 95, 114, 124, 127 Ulmus 114 AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

E F

G H

Plate 1. Nevada’s landscapes and habitats (photographs by G. T. Austin). A. White Pine Co.; view eastward towards Bald Mountain in the Snake Range from Spring Valley, B. Clark Co.; view eastward from Desert View Trail on Deer Creek Road in Spring Mountains (Cercocarpus ledifolius in right foreground, Pinus monophylla in left foreground), C. Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mountains from east, D. Elko Co.; view from Nv 225 southward towards Tuscarora Mountains, E. Nye Co.; Big Smoky Valley, view southward from Northumberland Mine Road, F. Humboldt Co.; Nv. 140, dry lake north of Baltzor Hot Springs, G. Elko Co.; view eastward from Nv 11A towards Bull Run Mountains, H. Nye Co.; Toquima Mountains, view eastward from Jefferson Summit towards Meadow Creek. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D A

E F

G H

Plate 2. Nevada’s landscapes and habitats (photographs by G. T. Austin). A. Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, lower Kyle Canyon (tall yuccas are Yucca brevifolia,­ others Y. schidigera), B. Lander Co.; US 50, east of Hickson Summit, C. Lincoln Co.; Delamar Mountains, Oak Creek Summit (trees are Pinus monophylla and Juniperus osteosperma), D. Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, Lee Canyon, vicinity of Foxtail picnic area (principal tree is Pinus ponderosa), E. Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mountains, Desert Creek, F. Pershing Co., West Humboldt Range, Star Creek Canyon, G. Humboldt Co.; Nv 140, Baltzor Hot Springs, west of Denio Junction, H. Lyon Co.; East Walker River, The Elbow (trees with pale blue-green foliage are Salix exigua). AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

A

C D

E F Plate 3. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (all photographs by .P J. Leary). A. Urtica dioica, B. Quercus turbinella, C. Salsola paulsenii, D. Atriplex canescens, E. Eriogonum ovalifolium, F. Eriogonum heermannii. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

E F

Plate 4. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographsA, B by P. J. Leary, C-F by G. T. Austin). A. Eriogonum umbellatum, B. Rumex hymenosepalus, C. Sphaeralcea ambigua, D. Oxytheca perfoliata, E. Eriogonum fasciculatum, F. Eriogonum shockleyi. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

E

Plate 5. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographs by .P J. Leary, except E by G. T. Austin). A. Viola charlestonensis, B. Viola sororia, C. Populus tremuloides, D. Salix exigua, E. Lepidium fremontii, F. Descurainia pinnata. F AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

D

C E

Plate 6. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographs by .P J. Leary, except C by G. T. Austin). A. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, B. Sisymbrium irio, C. Stanleya pinnata, D. Ribes cereum, E. Sedum lanceolatum. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

Plate 7. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (all photographs by .P J. Leary). A. Amelanchier utahensis, B. Holodiscus discolor, C. Potentilla fructicosa, D. Petrophyton caespitosum. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

E F Plate 8. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (all photographs by .P J. Leary). A. Purshia mexicana, B. Acacia greggii, C. Astragalus calycosus, D. Astragalus lentiginosus, E. Lotus corniculatus, F. Lupinus argenteus. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A

B C

Plate 9. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographsA, B by P. J. Leary, C by G. T. Austin). A. Psorothamnus fremontii, B. Senna armata, C. Phoradendron californicum. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A

B

C

D E

Plate 10. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographs by .P J. Leary, except B by G. T. Austin). A. Ceanothus martinii, B. Thamnosma montana, C. Lomatium parryi, D. Amsinckia tessellata, E. Asclepias erosa. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

B

A

D C

E F

Plate 11. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographs by .P J. Leary, except A, E by G. T. Austin). A. Castilleja angustifolia, B. Castilleja applegatei martinii, C. Penstemon leiophyllus, D. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius, E. Xylorhiza tortifolia, F. Acamptopappus shockleyi. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B

C D

E F Plate 12. Representative larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada (photographs by .P J. Leary, except E by G. T. Austin). A. Antennaria soliceps, B. Bebbia juncea, C. Hesperostipa comata, D. Distichlis spicata, E. Yucca schidigera, F. Poa secunda. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

M N O Plate 13. Representative butterflies of Nevada (all photographs by G. T. Austin). A. Speyeria zerene platina, White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek, B. Chlosyne acastus robusta, Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, Kyle Canyon Campground, C. Speyeria callippe harmonia, Lander Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Big Creek, D. Aglais milberti subpallida, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Summit Canyon, E. Euphydryas anicia wheeleri, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Summit Canyon, F. Speyeria nokomis apacheana, Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, US 50, G. Limenitis weidemeyerii latifascia, Lander Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Birch Creek, H. Polygonia gracilis zephyrus, White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, Cleve Creek, I. Neominois ridingsii stretchii, Nye Co.; Toquima Mountains, Moores Creek Road, J. Apodemia mormo mormo, Lander Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Birch Creek, K. Euphilotes pallescens ricei, Humboldt Co.; Sand Pass. L. Brephidium exilis exilis, Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch, M. Satyrium californica obscurafacies, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Summit Canyon, N. Incisalia eryphon pallescens, Lyon Co.; Sweetwater Mountains, Desert Creek, O. Glaucopsyche piasus nevada, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Summit Canyon. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

M N O Plate 14. Representative butterflies of Nevada (all photographs by G. T. Austin). A. Habrodais grunus grunus, Washoe Co.; Carson Range, Lake Tahoe, Kennedy Point, B. Callophrys affinis affinis, Nye Co.; Toquima Mountains, Moores Creek Road, C. Cisincisalia spinetorum spinetorum, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Summit Canyon, D. Philotiella speciosa speciosa, Esmeralda Co.; Nv 366, 1.8 miles east of California line, E. Lycaena heteronea rutila, White Pine Co.; Schell Creek Range, East Creek, F. Lycaena editha obscuramaculata, Elko Co.; Independence Mountains, Nv 11A, G. Lycaena cupreus lapidicola, CA: Mono Co.; Sierra Nevada, Green Creek, H. Neophasia menapia magnamenapia, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Marysville Creek, I. Pontia beckerii beckerii, Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, Willow Creek, J. Papilio indra nevadensis, Nye Co.; Toiyabe Mountains, Jett Canyon, K. Erynnis brizo burgessi, Clark Co.; Spring Mountains, Kyle Canyon, L. Pyrgus albescens, Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Hidden Valley, M. Hesperia uncas reeseorum, Lander Co.; Reese River Valley, Nv. 722, N. Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus, Washoe Co.; Winnemucca Ranch Road, O. Hesperopsis gracielae, Clark Co.; Moapa Valley, Lewis Ranch.