Received: 19 May 2020 | Revised: 9 September 2020 | Accepted: 18 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15673 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies Nicholai M. Hensley1 | Emily A. Ellis1 | Nicole Y. Leung2,3 | John Coupart1 | Alexander Mikhailovsky4 | Daryl A. Taketa3 | Michael Tessler5,6 | David F. Gruber7 | Anthony W. De Tomaso3 | Yasuo Mitani8 | Trevor J. Rivers9 | Gretchen A. Gerrish10 | Elizabeth Torres11 | Todd H. Oakley1 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 2Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 3Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 5American Museum of Natural History and New York University, New York, NY, USA 6Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA 7Department of Biology and Environmental Science, City University of New York Baruch College, New York, NY, USA 8Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan 9Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 10Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA 11Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Correspondence Todd H. Oakley, Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. Email:
[email protected] Present address Emily A. Ellis, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Nicole Y.