DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,859,256 B2 Szalay Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,859,256 B2 Szalay Et Al US008859256B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,859,256 B2 Szalay et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 14, 2014 (54) METHOD FOR DETECTING REPLICATION 6,759,038 B2 7/2004 Tan et al. ................... 424.93.21 OR COLONIZATION OF A BIOLOGICAL 6,863,894 B2 3/2005 Bermudes et al. ... 424,335.1 6,897,045 B2 5/2005 Engelhardt et al. 435/69.6 THERAPEUTC 6,916,462 B2 7/2005 Contag et al. ..... ... 424/9.6 6,923,972 B2 8, 2005 Bermudes et al. ... 424,235.1 (71) Applicants: Aladar A. Szalay, Highland, CA (US); 6,962,696 B1 1 1/2005 Bermudes et al. ... 424/93.4 Jochen Stritzker, La Jolla, CA (US); 7,001,765 B2 2/2006 Maass ............... ... 435/320.1 Michael Hess, Wuerzburg (DE) 7,033,826 B2 4/2006 Perricaudet et al. ... 435/320.1 7,153,510 B1 12/2006 Rose .................... ... 424,199.1 7,172,893 B2 2/2007 Rabinowitz et al. 435/235.1 (72) Inventors: Aladar A. Szalay, Highland, CA (US); 7,238,526 B2 7/2007 Wilson et al. ..... ... 435/.382 Jochen Stritzker, La Jolla, CA (US); 7,241,447 B1 7/2007 Engelhardt et al. 424, 1931 Michael Hess, Wuerzburg (DE) 7,255,851 B2 8/2007 Contaget al. .................. 4249.1 7,354,592 B2 4/2008 Bermudes et al. 424,235.1 Assignee: Genelux Corporation, San Diego, CA 7,452,531 B2 11/2008 Bermudes et al. ........... 424/93.2 (73) 7,514,089 B2 4/2009 Bermudes et al. ......... 424/258.1 (US) 7,537,924 B2 5/2009 Coffin et al. ...... 435/235.1 7.550,296 B2 6/2009 Hermiston et al. ........... 435/473 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 7,588,767 B2 9/2009 Szalay et al. ...... ... 424,199.1 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,588,771 B2 9/2009 Szalay et al. .. ... 424,232.1 U.S.C. 154(b) by 30 days. 7,662,398 B2 2/2010 Szalay et al. .. ... 424,232.1 7,662.627 B2 2/2010 Johnson et al. 435/367 7,687,474 B2 3/2010 Matin et al. ... ... 514/44 (21) Appl. No.: 13/573,845 7,731,952 B2 6, 2010 Mohr et al. 424/93.2 7,731,974 B2 6, 2010 Bell et al. ...... ... 424,199.1 (22) Filed: Oct. 5, 2012 7,754.221 B2 7/2010 Szalay et al. .. ... 424,199.1 7,763.420 B2 7/2010 Stritzker et al. .................. 435/4 (65) Prior Publication Data 7,811,814 B2 10/2010 Bohn et al. ........ ... 435/320.1 7,820, 184 B2 10/2010 Stritzker et al. ........... 424,241.1 US 2013/O13O292 A1 May 23, 2013 (Continued) Related U.S. Application Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (60) Provisional application No. 61/627,255, filed on Oct. EP 1 281 767 2, 2003 5, 2011. EP 1 281 772 2, 2003 (51) Int. C. (Continued) CI2N 15/52 (2006.01) OTHER PUBLICATIONS CI2N 15/86 (2006.01) GOIN33/569 (2006.01) Iankov et al. 2009; Converting tumor-specific markers into reporters GOIN 2L/64 (2006.01) of oncolytic nirus invention. Molecular Therapy, 17(8): 1395-1403.* Kanervaetal. 2005; Noninvasive dual modality in vivo monitoring of CI2O I/68 (2006.01) the persistence and potency of a tumor targeted conditionally repli (52) U.S. C. cating adenovirus. Gene Therapy. 12: 87-94.* CPC. G0IN 21/6428 (2013.01); G0IN33/56911 Kelly et al. 2008; Novel oncolytic agent GLV-1hó8 is effective (2013.01); G0IN 2800/52 (2013.01); G0IN against malignant pleural mesothelioma. Human Gene Therapy 19:774-782.* 33/56983 (2013.01); C12O 1/6897 (2013.01) Mastrangelo et al. 1998; Intratumoral ecombinant GM-CSF-encod USPC ........................................ 435/210; 435/320.1 ing virus as gene thereapy in patients with cutaneous melanoma. (58) Field of Classification Search Cancer Gene Therapy. 6(5): 409-422.* CPC ................................ C12N 15/52, C12N 15/86 Peng et al. 2002; Non-invasive in vivo monitoring of trackable USPC ............................................... 435/210, 320.1 viruses expressing soluble marker peptides. Nature Medicine 8(5): See application file for complete search history. 527-531* (56) References Cited (Continued) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Primary Examiner — Karen Cochrane Carlson (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — McKenna Long & Aldridge 4,952.496 A 8, 1990 Studier et al. ... 435/91 LLP; Stephanie Seidman 5,716,613 A 2f1998 Guber et al. .... ... 424/93.2 5,716,826 A 2f1998 Gruber et al. 435/320.1 5,851,529 A 12/1998 Guber et al. 424,188.1 (57) ABSTRACT 5,976,796 A 11/1999 Szalay et al. ...................... 435/6 Methods for detecting replication in or colonization of a host 6,428,968 B1 8, 2002 Molnar-Kimber et al. .. 435/723 6,447,784 B1 9/2002 Bermudes et al. ......... 424,235.1 by a biological therapeutic, such as an oncolytic virus, cells 6,475,482 B1 11/2002 Bermudes et al. .. ... 424/93.4 administered for cell therapy and gene therapy vectors, are 6,632,670 B1 10/2003 Wadsworth et al. 435/455 provided. In the methods, a product produced by the biologi 6,635,472 B1 10/2003 Lauermann ..... 435/320.1 cal therapeutic is detected in a sample of tissue or body fluid 6,638,752 B2 10/2003 Contaget al. 435/252.3 6,649,159 B2 11/2003 Yang et al. ... 424.93.21 distinct from the administered therapy or locus thereof, 6,653,103 B2 11/2003 Peterson et al. ... 435/69.1 thereby permitting assessment of the therapy and/or monitor 6,685,935 B1 2/2004 Pawelek et al. ... 424/93.2 ing its progress. 6,689,871 B1 2/2004 Wolfe et al. ..... ... 530,412 6,723,316 B2 4/2004 Lacquerre et al. ............. 424.93.2 20 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets US 8,859,256 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited 2012fO244068 A1 9/2012 Chen et al. ................... 424/1.11 2012/0276010 A1 1 1/2012 Szalay et al. ................... 4249.1 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2012/0308484 A1 12/2012 Szalay et al. ................... 4249.3 2013/0129614 A9 5/2013 Szalay et al. ................. 424/1.11 7,897,146 B2 3, 2011 Brown et al. 424,931 2013/0273.007 A1 10/2013 Szalay et al. ................. 424.93.2 7,906,111 B2 3, 2011 Wilson et al. ... 424/93.2 2013/0280170 A1 10/2013 Szalay ........................... 424.92 7,927,585 B2 4, 2011 Snyder ......................... 424.93.2 2014/OO86976 A1 3/2014 Szalay et al. 424,445 7,943,374 B2 5, 2011 Hildinger ................... 435/320.1 2014/OO87362 A1 3/2014 Szalay et al. ...................... 435/5 7968,340 B2 6, 2011 Hallek et al. ... 435/.440 8,007,780 B2 8, 2011 Arbetman ... ... 424/93.2 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 8,021,662 B2 9, 2011 Szalay et al. 424,138.1 8,052,968 B2 11, 2011 Szalay et al. 424,199.1 EP 1385 466 2, 2004 8,066,984 B2 11, 2011 Szalay et al. 424/93.21 EP 1414994 5, 2004 8,221,769 B2 T/2012 Szalay et al. 424,232.1 EP 152O 175 4/2005 8.323,959 B2 12, 2012 Szalay et al. ... 435/320.1 EP 1606 411 12/2005 8,357,486 B2 1, 2013 Stritzker et al. .................. 435/4 WO WO93/O1296 1, 1993 8,568,707 B2 10, 2013 Szalay et al. ................... 4249.3 WO WO 98,14605 4f1998 8,586,022 B2 11, 2013 Szalay et al. 424.93.2 WO WOO3,O1438O 2, 2003 8,642,257 B2 2, 2014 Szalay et al. ...................... 435/5 WO WOO3/O57OO7 T 2003 2002fOO28195 A1 3, 2002 Coffey et al. 424,131.1 WO WO 2005/047458 5, 2005 2003, OO31628 A1 2, 2003 Zhao et al. ... 424/9.6 WO WO 2007/075879 7/2007 2003/00594.00 A1 3, 2003 Szalay ..... 424.93.2 WO WO 2008/073148 6, 2008 2003/O161788 A1 8, 2003 Zhao et al. .. ... 424/9.6 WO WO 2008/10O292 8, 2008 2003/0228261 A1 12, 2003 Szalay et al. 424,934 WO WO 2009/O54996 4/2009 2004/OOO9604 A1 1, 2004 Zhang et al. 435/.456 WO WO 2008,156655 6, 2009 2004/0213741 A1 10, 2004 Szalay et al. ... 424/9.6 WO WO 2009/126189 10/2009 2004/O234455 A1 11, 2004 Szalay et al. ... 424/9.6 2005, OO31643 A1 2, 2005 Szalay et al. 424,199.1 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 2005, OO69491 A1 3, 2005 Yu et al. ....................... 424/1.11 Rajeckietal. 2007: Treatment of prostate cancer with Ad5/3D24hCG 2005/022O818 A1 10, 2005 Lorence ..................... 424,214.4 allows non-invasive deterection of the magnitude and persistence of 2005/0249670 A1 11/2005 Szalay et al. 424,932 2005/0260601 A1 11/2005 Whitt et al. ....................... 435/6 virus replication in vivo. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6(2): 742-751.* 2006/0039894 A1 2, 2006 Mohr et al. 424,936 Letter/Written Disclosure of the Information Disclosure Statement, 2006/005.1370 A1 3, 2006 Szalay et al. ... 424,199.1 mailed Feb. 22, 2013, for the above-referenced application U.S. Appl. 2007/OOO9489 A1 1/2007 Bermudes etal ... 424/93.4 No. 13/573,845, 2 pages. 2007/0O25981 A1 2, 2007 Szalay et al. ... 424,130.1 Search Report, issued Jan. 30, 2013, in connection with correspond 2007/OO98743 A1 5/2007 Bell et al. .... 424,224.1 ing International Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/059126, 8 2007/01 10720 A1 5/2007 Brown et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Where Is That Light Coming From?
    2004 Deep-Scope Expedition Where is That Light Coming From? FOCUS TEACHING TIME Bioluminescence One 45-minute class period, plus time for student research GRADE LEVEL 9-12 (Chemistry & Life Science) SEATING ARRANGEMENT Classroom style or groups of 3-4 students FOCUS QUESTION What is the basic chemistry responsible for bio- MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS luminescence, and how does this process benefit 30 deep-sea organisms? KEY WORDS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Chemiluminescence Students will be able to explain the role of lucif- Bioluminescence erins, luciferases, and co-factors in biolumines- Fluorescence cence, and the general sequence of the light-emit- Phosphorescence ting process. Luciferin Luciferase Students will be able to discuss the major types of Photoprotein luciferins found in marine organisms. Counter-illumination Lux operon Students will be able to define the “lux operon?” BACKGROUND INFORMATION Students will be able to discuss at least three Deep-sea explorers face many challenges: ways that bioluminescence may benefit deep-sea extreme heat and cold, high pressures, and organisms, and give an example of at least one almost total darkness. The absence of light poses organism that actually receives each of the ben- particular challenges to scientists who want to efits discussed. study organisms that inhabit the deep ocean envi- ronment. Even though deep-diving submersibles MATERIALS carry bright lights, simply turning these lights on ❑ None creates another set of problems: at least some mobile organisms are likely to move away from
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Nanomaterials and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques for Sensing Biomolecules
    Review Integration of Nanomaterials and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques for Sensing Biomolecules Eugene Hwang 1, Jisu Song 1 and Jin Zhang 1,2,* 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; [email protected] (E.H.); [email protected] (J.S.) 2 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 88322) Received: 3 February 2019; Accepted: 12 March 2019; Published: 16 March 2019 Abstract: Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) techniques offer a high degree of sensitivity, reliability and ease of use for their application to sensing biomolecules. BRET is a distance dependent, non-radiative energy transfer, which uses a bioluminescent protein to excite an acceptor through the resonance energy transfer. A BRET sensor can quickly detect the change of a target biomolecule quantitatively without an external electromagnetic field, e.g., UV light, which normally can damage tissue. Having been developed quite recently, this technique has evolved rapidly. Here, different bioluminescent proteins have been reviewed. In addition to a multitude of bioluminescent proteins, this manuscript focuses on the recent development of BRET sensors by utilizing quantum dots. The special size-dependent properties of quantum dots have made the BRET sensing technique attractive for the real-time monitoring of the changes of target molecules and bioimaging in vivo. This review offers a look into the basis of the technique, donor/acceptor pairs, experimental applications and prospects. Keywords: bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; fluorescent nanomaterials; fluorescent nanobiosensors; quantum dots 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwaine F. Emerich Gorka Orive Editors Current Status and Future
    Molecular and Translational Medicine Series Editors: William B. Coleman · Gregory J. Tsongalis Dwaine F. Emerich Gorka Orive Editors Cell Therapy Current Status and Future Directions Molecular and Translational Medicine Series editors William B. Coleman Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Gregory J. Tsongalis Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA As we enter into this new era of molecular medicine with an expanding body of knowledge related to the molecular pathogenesis of human disease and an increasing recognition of the practical implications for improved diagnostics and treatment, there is a need for new resources to inform basic scientists and clinical practitioners of the emerging concepts, useful applications, and continuing challenges related to molecular medicine and personalized treatment of complex human diseases. This series of resource/reference books entitled Molecular and Translational Medicine is primarily concerned with the molecular pathogenesis of major human diseases and disease processes, presented in the context of molecular pathology, with implications for translational molecular medicine and personalized patient care. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8176 Dwaine F. Emerich • Gorka Orive Editors Cell Therapy Current Status and Future Directions Editors Dwaine F. Emerich Gorka Orive NsGene, Inc. Paseo de la Universidad 7 Providence, RI, USA Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ISSN 2197-7852 ISSN 2197-7860 (electronic) Molecular and Translational Medicine ISBN 978-3-319-57152-2 ISBN 978-3-319-57153-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57153-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946620 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasmids 101
    Plasmids 101 A Desktop Resource Created and Compiled by Addgene www.addgene.org March 2017 (3rd Edition) Plasmids 101: A Desktop Resource (3rd Edition) INTRODUCTION TO PLASMIDS 101 By The Addgene Team | March, 2017 Any newcomer who joins a molecular biology lab will undoubtedly be asked to design, modify, or construct a plasmid. Although the newcomer likely knows that a plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA often found in bacterial cells, additional guidance may be required to understand the specific components that make up a plasmid and why each is important. Our mission with this eBook, Plasmids 101: A Desktop Resource, is to curate a onestop reference guide for plasmids. This resource is designed to educate all levels of scientists and plasmid lovers. It serves as an introduction to plasmids, allowing you to spend less time researching basic plasmid features and more time developing the clever experiments and innovative solutions necessary for advancing your field. ~ The Addgene Team addgene.org blog.addgene.org facebook.com/addgene twitter.com/addgene linkedin.com/company/addgene youtube.com/addgene blog.addgene.org/topic/podcast 2 | Page Table of Contents Plasmids 101: A Desktop Resource (3rd Edition) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Section 2 Introduction to Plasmids 101 7 Chapter 1: What is a Plasmid? 8 A Brief History of Plasmids 10 What is a Plasmid? 12 Antibiotic Resistance Genes 14 Common Antibiotics Table 15 Origin of Replication 18 The Promoter Region 25 Terminators and PolyA Signals 28 Methylation and Restriction Enzymes 31 Blue-White Screening 34 Common Lab E. coli Strains 39 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Selection, Drift, and Constraint in Cypridinid Luciferases and the Diversification of Bioluminescent Signals in Sea Fireflies
    Received: 19 May 2020 | Revised: 9 September 2020 | Accepted: 18 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15673 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies Nicholai M. Hensley1 | Emily A. Ellis1 | Nicole Y. Leung2,3 | John Coupart1 | Alexander Mikhailovsky4 | Daryl A. Taketa3 | Michael Tessler5,6 | David F. Gruber7 | Anthony W. De Tomaso3 | Yasuo Mitani8 | Trevor J. Rivers9 | Gretchen A. Gerrish10 | Elizabeth Torres11 | Todd H. Oakley1 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 2Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 3Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 5American Museum of Natural History and New York University, New York, NY, USA 6Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA 7Department of Biology and Environmental Science, City University of New York Baruch College, New York, NY, USA 8Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan 9Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 10Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA 11Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Correspondence Todd H. Oakley, Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. Email: [email protected] Present address Emily A. Ellis, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Nicole Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Level Convergence of Complex Traits and the Evolution of Bioluminescence Emily S
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 December 2020 Multi-level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence Emily S. Lau* and Todd H. Oakley* Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara CA 93106 Corresponding authors information: Emily S. Lau: [email protected]; Todd H. Oakley: [email protected] Keywords multi‐level convergence | evolution | bioluminescence | biological organization | complex trait ABSTRACT Evolutionary convergence provides natural opportunities to investigate how, when, and why novel traits evolve. Many convergent traits are complex, highlighting the importance of explicitly considering convergence at different levels of biological organization, or ‘multi‐level convergent evolution’. To investigate multi‐level convergent evolution, we propose a holistic and hierarchical framework that emphasizes breaking down traits into several functional modules. We begin by identifying long‐standing questions on the origins of complexity and the diverse evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic convergence to discuss how they can be addressed by examining convergent systems. We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either novel mechanisms or conserved toolkits, is particularly well suited for these studies. We present an updated estimate of at least 94 independent origins of bioluminescence across the tree of life, which we calculated by reviewing and summarizing all estimates of independent origins. Then, we use our framework to review the biology, chemistry, and evolution of bioluminescence, and for each biological level identify questions that arise from our systematic review. We focus on luminous organisms that use the shared luciferin substrates coelenterazine or vargulin to produce light because these organisms convergently evolved bioluminescent proteins that use the same luciferins to produce bioluminescence.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Evolution of Luciferase Diversified Bioluminescent Signals in Sea Fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.917187; this version posted January 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae) Nicholai M. Hensley*, Emily A. Ellis, Nicole Y. Leung, John Coupart, Alexander Mikhailovsky, Daryl A. Taketa, Michael Tessler, David F. Gruber, Anthony W. De Tomaso, Yasuo Mitani, Trevor J. Rivers, Gretchen A. Gerrish, Elizabeth Torres, Todd H. Oakley*,** * Equal contributors Corresponding author: **[email protected] ​ Abstract Integrative studies of courtship signals provide rich opportunities to understand how biological diversity originates, but understanding the underlying genetics is challenging. Here we show molecular evolution of a single gene - luciferase - influenced diversification of bioluminescent signals in cypridinid ostracods, including their radiation into dozens of Caribbean species with distinctive courtship displays. We report emission spectra from twenty-one species, thirteen luciferases from transcriptomes, and in vitro assays that confirm function from four exemplar ​ ​ species. We found most sites in luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, including multiple sites that affect the color of bioluminescence in mutagenesis studies. Twelve sites in cypridinid luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection, including five that correlate with changes in kinetics and/or color of bioluminescence, phenotypes that manifest at the organismal level. These results demonstrate how neutral, pleiotropic, and/or selective forces may act on even a single gene and contribute to diversification of phenotypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Kleptoprotein Bioluminescence: Parapriacanthus Fish Obtain
    SCIENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; Kleptoprotein bioluminescence: Parapriacanthus fish exclusive licensee American Association obtain luciferase from ostracod prey for the Advancement Manabu Bessho-Uehara1,2,3, Naoyuki Yamamoto2, Shuji Shigenobu4, of Science. No claim to 2 5 2,3 original U.S. Government Hitoshi Mori , Keiko Kuwata , Yuichi Oba * Works. Distributed under a Creative Through their diet, animals can obtain substances essential for imparting special characteristics, such as toxins in Commons Attribution monarch butterflies and luminescent substances in jellyfishes. These substances are typically small molecules NonCommercial because they are less likely to be digested and may be hard for the consumer to biosynthesize. Here, we report License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). that Parapriacanthus ransonneti, a bioluminescent fish, obtains not only its luciferin but also its luciferase enzyme from bioluminescent ostracod prey. The enzyme purified from the fish’s light organs was identical to the luciferase of Cypridina noctiluca, a bioluminescent ostracod that they feed upon. Experiments where fish were fed with a related ostracod, Vargula hilgendorfii, demonstrated the specific uptake of the luciferase to the fish’s light organs. This “kleptoprotein” system allows an organism to use novel functional proteins that are not encoded in its genome and provides an evolutionary alternative to DNA-based molecular evolution. Downloaded from INTRODUCTION fishes in the orders Myctophiformes and Stomiiformes (3–5, 13). It is The evolutionary acquisition of novelties is not always achieved expected that these animals acquire the coelenterazine from their diets through genetic mutations. At times, novelty can be achieved by (3–6), for example, directly through the consumption of coelenterazine- “stealing” components that have evolved elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Mscs) Have a Superior Neuroprotective Capacity Over Fetal Mscs in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Mouse Brain a Maternal and Fetal a a a a KATE E
    TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Have a Superior Neuroprotective Capacity Over Fetal MSCs in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Mouse Brain a Maternal and Fetal a a a a KATE E. HAWKINS, MICHELANGELO CORCELLI, KATE DOWDING, ANNA M. RANZONI, Medicine Department, a a,b a a c Institute for Women’s Health, FILIPA VLAHOVA, KWAN-LEONG HAU, AVINA HUNJAN, DONALD PEEBLES, PIERRE GRESSENS, c d a a University College London, HENRIK HAGBERG, PAOLO DE COPPI, MARIYA HRISTOVA, PASCALE V. GUILLOT London, United Kingdom; bFaculty of Medicine, Key Words. Pluripotent stem cells • Mesenchymal stem cells • Fetal stem cells • Cell transplantation • Embryonic stem cells • Induced pluripotent stem cells National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United ABSTRACT Kingdom; cDepartment of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have huge potential for regenerative medicine. In particu- lar, the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PSC-MSCs) overcomes the St. Thomas’ Hospital, King’s hurdle of replicative senescence associated with the in vitro expansion of primary cells and has College London, London, d increased therapeutic benefits in comparison to the use of various adult sources of MSCs in a wide United Kingdom; Stem Cells range of animal disease models. On the other hand, fetal MSCs exhibit faster growth kinetics and and Regenerative Medicine possess longer telomeres and a wider differentiation potential than adult MSCs. Here, for the first Department, Great Ormond time, we compare the therapeutic potential of PSC-MSCs (ES-MSCs from embryonic stem cells) to Street Institute for Child fetal MSCs (AF-MSCs from the amniotic fluid), demonstrating that ES-MSCs have a superior neuro- Health, University College protective potential over AF-MSCs in the mouse brain following hypoxia-ischemia.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into the Evolution of Luciferases
    fmars-08-673620 June 24, 2021 Time: 18:12 # 1 REVIEW published: 30 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.673620 Leaving the Dark Side? Insights Into the Evolution of Luciferases Jérôme Delroisse1*, Laurent Duchatelet2, Patrick Flammang1 and Jérôme Mallefet2* 1 Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium, 2 Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Bioluminescence—i.e., the emission of visible light by living organisms—is defined as a biochemical reaction involving, at least, a luciferin substrate, an oxygen derivative, and a specialised luciferase enzyme. In some cases, the enzyme and the substrate are durably associated and form a photoprotein. While this terminology is educatively useful to explain bioluminescence, it gives a false idea that all luminous organisms are using identical or homologous molecular tools to achieve light emission. As usually observed in biology, reality is more complex. To date, at least 11 different luciferins have indeed been discovered, and several non-homologous luciferases lato sensu have been identified which, all together, confirms that bioluminescence emerged independently Edited by: multiple times during the evolution of living organisms. While some phylogenetically Cassius Vinicius Stevani, University of São Paulo, Brazil related organisms may use non-homologous luciferases (e.g., at least four convergent Reviewed by: luciferases are found in Pancrustacea), it has also been observed that phylogenetically Anderson Garbuglio Oliveira, distant organisms may use homologous luciferases (e.g., parallel evolution observed in University of São Paulo, Brazil Ilia Yampolsky, some cnidarians, tunicates and echinoderms that are sharing a homologous luciferase- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry based system).
    [Show full text]
  • Bioluminescence Imaging 5
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Expanding the bioluminescent toolbox for in vivo imaging DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Chemistry by Miranda Amelia Paley Dissertation Committee: Assistant Professor Jennifer A Prescher, Chair Associate Professor Andrej Luptak Professor Sheryl Tsai 2014 Chapter 1 © 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry Select figures and text from Chapter 2 © 2012 American Chemical Society Select figures and text from Chapter 2 © 2014 Nature Publishing Group All other materials © 2014 Miranda Paley DEDICATION To: Elaine Calzolari Beneath the leaves of a plant, that’s named for milk that bleeds milk, we search for chrysalides, things that I’ve never seen, but whose name I like. And I think as I look of all the things you’ve taught me to name-larkspur, loose- strife, sea lavender, plants called hens and chickens, butter and eggs, your eyes bright with such knowledge and solid as nouns. Just so, you tell me now of creatures who choose the underbelly of these leaves to make wombs of, studded with gold, from which emerge Monarchs that range the length of the Atlantic in hordes-one more fact I must have missed by skipping the fourth grade. And when, today, we find no trace of anything resembling this miracle you mention, and I’m about to say you made it up, you bend down, break a pod, and blow unlikely butterflies in the sky’s face- not black and orange like Monarchs, but cloud- thought white, or like the way I mark my place when I read your eyes, which witnessing claim: This is the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Evolution of Luciferase Diversified Bioluminescent Signals in Sea Fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.917187; this version posted January 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae) Nicholai M. Hensley*, Emily A. Ellis, Nicole Y. Leung, John Coupart, Alexander Mikhailovsky, Daryl A. Taketa, Michael Tessler, David F. Gruber, Anthony W. De Tomaso, Yasuo Mitani, Trevor J. Rivers, Gretchen A. Gerrish, Elizabeth Torres, Todd H. Oakley*,** * Equal contributors Corresponding author: **[email protected] ​ Abstract Integrative studies of courtship signals provide rich opportunities to understand how biological diversity originates, but understanding the underlying genetics is challenging. Here we show molecular evolution of a single gene - luciferase - influenced diversification of bioluminescent signals in cypridinid ostracods, including their radiation into dozens of Caribbean species with distinctive courtship displays. We report emission spectra from twenty-one species, thirteen luciferases from transcriptomes, and in vitro assays that confirm function from four exemplar ​ ​ species. We found most sites in luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, including multiple sites that affect the color of bioluminescence in mutagenesis studies. Twelve sites in cypridinid luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection, including five that correlate with changes in kinetics and/or color of bioluminescence, phenotypes that manifest at the organismal level. These results demonstrate how neutral, pleiotropic, and/or selective forces may act on even a single gene and contribute to diversification of phenotypes.
    [Show full text]