Initial Environmental Examination

Sakhu-Paluwari- Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- project

November 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project

Prepared by Office of District Level Project Implementation Unit ()- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Environmental Assessment Document

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project

November 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001

Prepared by the Government of for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project,

Submitted to Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted through Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Central Level Project Implementation Unit, Lalitpur

Submitted by District Level Project Implementation Unit, Kathmandu

November, 2017

Executive Summary (Nepali) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] cfof]hgf xf] . o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk / @)&@ a}zfv @( ut]sf] d''Vo k/fsDkg kl5 k|efljt If]qdf k'glgdf{0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 .

!)=)$^ ls= ld= nfdf] ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf–& -tTsflng z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf–!!_ nfO{ sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf–@ -tTsflng afn'jfkfl6b]pk'/ uf=lj=;–*_ ;+u hf]85 . k|:tfjs e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf – lhNnf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog OsfO, sf7df8f}+ o; ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L– gu/sf]6 ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0fsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs xf] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cBfjlwssf] cf}lrTo ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8ssf]] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)&#÷)$÷@! Dff :jLs[t eO;s]sf] xf] . k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ug]{ s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] laa/0f 5'6]sf] kfOof] . t;y{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgnfO cBfjlws ul/ :jLs[tLsf] nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fdf k]z ul/Psf] 5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} :ynut jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' tyf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . cWoog k|s[of @)&! ;fn a}zfv @# b]lv @( ut] ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0f tyf ;j]{If0fjf6 lnOPsf tYofÍ tyf cGo pknAw tYofÍx?sf] ;fy} ;fdflhs tyf k|fljlws 6f]nLjf6 k'gjf{; sfo{sf] ;e]{If0fsf] nflu ;+sng u/]sf tYofÍx? s]nfP/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ . sfl6g] ?vx?sf] laa/0f ;+sngsf] nflu @)&$ ;fn a}zfv !) b]lv !% ut] ;Dd :ynut e|d0f ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f / ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo l:ylt sf7df8f} lhNnfsf] ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L—gu/sf]6 ;8s v08 sfnf] kq] ;8ssf] ?kdf k'glgdf{0f tyf k'g{:yfkgfsf nflu k|:tfj u/LPsf] 5 . o; ;8ssf] hDdf nDafO{ !)=)$^ ls=dL=, gfnL ;lxtsf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= Pj+ ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut g]=? #$&,)&^,@&*=$% /x]sf] 5 h;df OlGhlgol/ª nfut g]=? @#@,&!^,$$(=@ /x]sf] 5 . of] ;8s z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf & -tTsflng z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf !!_ af6 ;'? eP/ d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf @ - tTsflng afn'jfkfl6b]pk'/ uf=lj=;= *_ df uP/ 6+'luG5 .

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu i pQm ;8s hfg] d"Vo al:tx? ;f+v', kfn'jf/L, la;De/f sflQ{s], gu/sf]6 x'g\ . s'g} klg lsl;dsf ;+/lIft If]q pQm cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt x'b}+gg\ . ef}lts k|:tfljt ;8s v08 dxfef/t kj{tLo ;f?ª vf]nf ;d"xsf] ef}ule{s e"efudf cjl:yt 5 . o; cfof]hgf If]q j/k/ jg If]q, kftnf] al:t / s[lif hldg / vfln hUuf /x]sf 5g\ . of] If]qdf pkf]pi0f k|b]zLo hnafo' /x]sf] kfOG5 . pQm If]qdf xfn;Dd cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfkx? Go"g ePsf] x'Fbf hnjfo' ;kmf / :jR5 /x]sf] kfOG5 . SnfOd]6 8f6f 86 cf]cf/hLdf -climate-data.org_ pNn]v eP cg';f/, sf7df8f} lhNnfsf] cf};t tfkqmd !*=! l8=;]= / / oxfF jflif{s ;/b/ !,%)% ld=ld= jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h}ljs of] ;8s @ j6f ;fd'bflos jg - s';'d ;f= j= / nDaf]8fF8f ;f= j=_ eP/ hfG5 . plQ;, ;Nnf, s6';, lrnfpg], sfkmn, Hf:tf ?vx? o; If]qdf k|d'v ?kdf kfO{G5g\ . hgfj/x?df :ofn, d';f, nf]vs]{, Gofp/Ld';f, cflb tyf r/fx?df sflnh, uf}ynL, h'/]nL, 9's'/ cflb hftLsf r/fx? o; If]qsf jg hËndf b]lvG5g\ . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf If]q s'g} klg /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If tyf ;+/lIft If]qx? leq kb}{gg\ .

;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts k|:tfljt ;8sn] k|tIo ?kdf z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f % b]lv * ;Dd / d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf @ df sl/a #,*#& 3/w'/Lx?df -!&,*%! hg;+Vof_ /x]sf kfOG5 . pQm If]qsf dflg;x? d'Votof s[lif k]zfdf tyf cGo k]zf h:t} ufO{j:t' kfng, j}b\lzs /f]huf/Ljf6 k|fKt x'g] /]ld6\ofG; klg /x]sf] kfO{G5 . k|:tfljt If]qdf vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf /fd|f]] 5 . k|:tfljt ;8s v08sf] tNnf] j:tLdf g]jf/ tyf dflyNnf] j:tLdf tfdfª hfltsf dflg;x? afx'No /x]sf] kfO{G5 . :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?sf] d'Vo wd{ af}4 / lxGb' /x]sf]] b]lvG5 . pQm v8s v08sf] glhs} wfld{s dxTj af]s]sf] zfNfLgbL If]q cjl:yt 5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0faf6 kg]{ ;sf/fTds k|efjx? cfof]hgfaf6 tTsfn} x'g] nfedf /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf -sl/j %%,%%# cbIf / #$,*@$ hgf bIf >lds lbg >dzlQm_ kb{5 . cf;8s lgdf{0faf6 cfjt hfjt ug{ ;xh x'g] 5 .;8ssf] ;~rfngn] :yfgLo hdLgsf] d"No a[l4 tyf of] ;8s ;f+v' eP/ ko{6sLo If]q gu/sf]6 hfg] j}slNks ;8s ePsf] x'Fbf ;f] If]qsf] ko{6g ljsf;df 6]jf k'/fO{ :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg]5 . cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogaf6 kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx? ;8s lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf le/x? sf6\bf, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L lgsfNbf, vGbf lgl:sPsf] df6f] tyf u|]u/n] To; If]qsf] le/fnf] 7fpF+x?df c;/ kg{ uO{ klx/f] tyf e"–Ifo x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . t;y{ ;8s vGbf lgl:sPsf] df6f]sf] plrt Aoj:yfkg x'g ;s]g eg] o;n] hn k|b'if0f, jg hËndf xfgL, s[lif pTkfbgdf x|f; u/fpgsf ;fy} lj6'ldgsf] k|of]u / plrt e08f/0fsf] cefjdf r'xfj6 eP/ jf v;]/ dfgj :jf:Yodf s]xL c;/ kfg{ ;Sb5 . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGt/u{t jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jgaf6 &@ / lglh hUufaf6 !@@ u/L hDdf !($ ?v x6fOg]5g\ .

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu ii cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|efj cGt/u{t ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ v]tL ul/g] hdLg ;8s lgdf{0f x'Fbf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ hfg]5 . k|:tfljt ;8ssf] bfofF / afofF{af6 lghL ;+/rgf cGtu{t $ j6f 3/ r]g]h &±#$), &±#*), &±$$), &±^@), * j6f 6x/f r]g]h $±))), $±@)), &±@)), &±#)), &±#!), &±^!), &±%))- bfofF / afofF_, To:t} ;fd'bflos ;+/rgf cGtu{t ejg r]g]h #±$)) ;lxt !# j6f ;+/rgf x6fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ;Fu} ahf/ a:tLsf] cJojl:yt lj:tf/ x'g] ;Defjgf / ;8s clwsf/ If]q ldRg] k|j[lQn] ;8s b'3{6gf a9g'sf ;fy} cGo jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs cyf{t ;f+:s[lts kIfx¿ ;d]t k|efj kfg{;Sb5 .

;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo 7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfocfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf j|mddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? o; cfof]hgfnfO{ jftfj/0f d}qL agfpgsf nflu ;sf/fTds k|efjx?nfO{ a9fjf lbg] tyf gsf/fTds k|efjx?nfO{ lgoGq0f of Go"gLs/0f ug]{ y'k|} pkfox? o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf vGbf lgl:sPsf] df6f]nfO tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf dfq} kmflng]5 . klx/f]nfO{ pko'Qm h}ljs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd ul/g]5 . ;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k !,*)) lj?jf !M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= #!#,()@ ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ !@@ lj?jf !M! sf] cg'kftdf cg'dflgt nfut g]? *,&^%=& j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf sfdbf/nfO{ x]nd]6, dfS; cflb pknAw u/fpg]5 . cfof]hgfn] k|efljt kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg]5 .

;8s ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf ;fgf ;fgf klx/f] tyf df6f]sf v;]sf l9:sfx?nfO{ t'?Gt} plrt k|ljlwaf6 ;kmf ul/g] 5 . 8\fOe/x?nfO ;r]t u/fpg jg, :s"n / cfjf; If]qdf xg{ ahfpg lgif]w ul/Psf ;fOgaf]8{x? /flvg]5g\ .

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf uf]/vfkq /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf lj=;+= @)&!÷!÷* df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt tTsflng gu/kflnsf, tTsflng uf=lj=;=, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo :yfgLo JolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] . o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ul/of] .

U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq (Grievance Redress Mechanism) :yfgLo lgsfo tyf k|efljt AolStx?sf] ;DalGwt u'gf;f]x?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ rf/ txsf] U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|efljt AolStn] cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt hgu'gf;f] p7fpg kfpg]5g\ /

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu iii

o:tf hgu'gf;f]sf] pkcfof]hgf :t/b]lv u'gf;f] lgbfg ;ldtL (Grievance Redress Committee) ;Dd ;'g'jfOsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . aftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf cGt{ut cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;Defljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"gLs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tfnLsf k|:tfjLt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fLo cg'udg O{sfOx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf ? &,$&!,&*#=#! vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ? %,(&^,!!%=^! l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . lgisif{ klxrfg ul/Psf k|foM jftfj/0fLo k|efjx? ;fgf] If]qdf tyf d"Vo u/L lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;dodf l;ldt /xg]] kfO{Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt Go"gLs/0f lalwx?sf] kfngf ul/Pdf klxrfg ul/Psf jftfj/0fLo k|efjx?sf] Go"gLs/0f jf lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf cGt{ut pNn]v ul/Psf pkfox?sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Pdf o; cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogn] cfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo gsf/fTds k|efj gkg]{ b]lvG5 . k|:tfljt ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ;fy} :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfDbfgL j[l4 u/fO{ :yfgLo cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] 5 . o; k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo cWoogsf] cfwf/df o; k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf nfu" u/L k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu iv

Executive Summary

Background Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented by convenient loan assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB), technical assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN). The goal of the project is to support GoN to accelerate rehabilitation and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the rebuilding of schools, roads, and district-level government buildings, and strengthen resilience to future disasters.

10.046 km long Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road connects Municipality-7(then Shankharapur Municipality-11) with Mandandeupur Municipality-2 (then Baluwapati Deupur VDC-8) of .

Proponent EEAP, District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU), Kathmandu is the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road of Kathmandu district.

Rationale of the Updating IEE IEE report of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road was approved by Ministry of Federal Affais and Local Development (MoFALD) on dated August 5, 2016 A.D. During the implementation, it was noticed that tree loss data was missing. Therefore, this IEE report has been updated and submitted National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) for approval.

Objectives of the IEE Study The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare environmental management plan for the sub-project.

Study Methodology The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the field on dated 6/05/2014 A.D to 12/05/2014 A.D by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the route and secondary information supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and detail survey. Later, field survey for tree loss assessment was carried from 23/04/2017 A.D to 28/04/2017 A.D.

Description of the Sub-project and its Environment The proposed Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road of Kathmandu district has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstructon to black topped pavement. The total length of the road is 10.046 km with formation width with drainage is of 6.25 m with total estimated sub-project cost is NRs. 347,076,278.45 of which NRs. 232,716,449.2 is civil work cost. The road starts from Shankharapur Municipality-7 (then Shankharapur Municipality-11) and ends at Mandandeupur Municipality-2 (then Baluwapati Deupur VDC-8) and passes by settlement

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu v named Sakhu, Paluwari, Bisambhara, Karttike and Nagarkot. The road sub-project does not affect any conservation area.

Physical The geological formation of the proposed sub-project area lies under Sarung Khola formation of Mahabharat series. The surroundings area consists of barren land, forest area, sparsely populated settlement and cultivable land. The climate of the area is sub-tropical. There are less industrial and business activities in the area so air and water quality is good. The average temperature of Kathmandu is 18.1oC and precipitation is 1505 mm (climate- data.org).

Biological The road passes through two community forest (Kusum CF and Lambodanda CF). Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Kafal (Myrica esculenta) etc. are the major types tree species found in the sub- project area. The mammals found in the area include Shyal (Canis aureus), Musa (Mus terricolor), Lokharke (Ratufa bicolor), Nyaurimusa (Herpestis edwardsii) etc, and birds include Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Gauthali (Hirundo sps), Jureli (Pycnonotus leucogenys), Dhukur (Streptopelia sps) etc. The proposed road section does not lie within the National parks and Wildlife Reserve, Conservation areas.

Socio-economic and Culture The road directly benefits the 3,837 households (17,851 populations) of Shankharapur Municipality ward 5-8 and Mandandeupur Municipality ward 2. Agriculture is the major source of income followed by animal husbandry and remittance. The area has good access of drinking water and two third of households have toilet facility.At the proposed road, Newar community dominates at the lower section and upper section of the road is dominated by Tamang community. The major religion of sub-project area is Buddhism and Hinduism. The Salinadi is the ritual place located nearby of the proposed road section.

Beneficial Impacts from Sub-project Implementation The immediate beneficial impact from sub-project during construction phase is employment generation (55,553 unskilled and 34,824 skilled person days). Construction of road will provide better access of transportation. The operation of road will also contribute to increase in land values, as this is the alternative road to reach the Nagarkot, the Tourrist spot it will be beneficial to local landholders and enhance in Tourism development.

Adverse Impacts of Implementation of the Proposal During the construction phase, cutting new hill slopes, spoil and debris from excavation construction material storage site, may cause land erosion and degradation. The common problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are contamination of water bodies, forest degradation and degradation of agricultural land especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff. Use of bitumen and lack of the storage cause leakage and can have adverse impact on human health.

Similarly, biological impacts during construction will be loss of forest area and disturbance to wildlife habitat. Total 194 trees, 72 trees from the community forest and 122 trees from the private land, need to be cut down.

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu vi

Socio-economic impacts during the construction works there will be loss of agricultural land. During upgrading the road from the center point of the road, 4 houses at the chainage 7+340, 7+380, 7+440, 7+620, 8 Tahara at chainage 4+000, 4+200, 7+200, 7+300, 7+310, 7+500 (Right and Left) and 7+610 will be affected and from the public structures 1 buildings at the chainage 3+400 will be affected. In total 13 structures wil be affected.Similarly, The RoW encroachment create a negative consequences like road accidents, adverse impact on environmental, Social and cultural aspects due to unmanaged houses and shops, encroachment of the road area.

Benefit Augmentation Measures Environmental and awareness raising training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted. More emphasis will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.

Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures To make the proposed road environment friendly, several benefit augmentation mesures and mitigation measures for the adverse impact have been proposed in this IEE report. Spoil management will be done in designated place only; unstable slopes will be stabilized with bio-engineering. Forestry clearance approval will be obtained through the District Forest Office (DFO) in order to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the compensatory plantation of 1,800 saplings (at the ratio of 1:25) with estimated cost of NRs 313,902. Similarly, plantation of 122 saplings (estimated cost is NRs. 8,756.7) will be done in private lands at the ratio of 1:1. Similarly, affected families will be compensated and life skill training will be provided to few of them. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the construction work. Compensation will be provided to affected family.

During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas, schools and settlements.

Public Consultation In order to prepare the IEE sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on 2014/04/21 A.D in Gorkhapatra national Nepali daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned then VDCs, then DDC, DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly, meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.

IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for public disclosure

Grievance Redress Mechanism A four level Grievance Redress Mechanism has been provision in project to address the grievances of local bodies and affected person. Affected person can register grievances

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu vii related to sub-project. These grievances will be addressed from sub-project level to Grievance Redress Committee (GRC).

Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed in the report with issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring method and schedule. In addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have been identified as a part of EMP. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also been identified. For the Implementation of EMP, total amount of NRs. 7,471,783.31 has been proposed. Out of which, NRs 5,976,115.61 has been already included in civil work cost.

Conclusion Most of the identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined, and limited mainly to the period of construction. The IEE study shows that the projects will not have severe impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Most of the identified adverse impacts can be minimized, compensated, or even set-off. The implementation of proposed Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial impacts include the employment generation, increase in local economy. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the proposed road sub-project. This sub-project is recommended for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental management.

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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CF Community Forest CFUG Community Forest Users Group Ch Chainage CISC Central Implementation Support Consultants CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CLPIU Central Level Project Implementation Unit DFO District Forest Office/Officer DIA Direct Impact Area DLPIU District Level Project Implementation Unit DPR Detail Project Report DRCN District Road Core Network DTMP District Transport Master Plan EA Executing Agency EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework EEAP Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EN Endangered EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules FGD Focus Group Discussion GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization GoN Government of Nepal GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism Ha Hectare Hh Household IEE Initial Environmental Examination IIA Indirect Impact Area IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LC Least Concern LAC Local Area Committee LDO Local Development Officer MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NCB National Competitive Bidding NRs Nepali Rupees

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NRA National Reconstruction Authority NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation STI Sexually Transmitted Infections ToR Terms of Reference VDC Village Development Committee ZoI Zone of Influence

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1. Background...... 1 1.2. Proponent ...... 2 1.3. Rationality for Updating IEE ...... 2 1.4. Consultant ...... 2 1.5. Objectives of the ToR ...... 3 1.6. Objective of IEE ...... 3 2. Detail on Reconstruction/Rehabilitation Work ...... 4 2.1. Location and Access ...... 4 2.2. Salient Features of the Sub-project ...... 7 2.3. Components and Activities ...... 8 2.4. Construction Materials Required ...... 8 2.5. Implementation Schedule...... 9 2.6. Human Resource ...... 9 2.7. Land Requirement ...... 9 2.8. Cost ...... 10 3. Methodology ...... 11 3.1. Impact Area Delineation ...... 11 3.2. Desk study and Literature Review ...... 11 3.2.1. Preparation of Household Survey Questionnaire, FGD and Checklists ...... 12 3.3. Field Study ...... 12 3.3.1. Physical Environmental ...... 12 3.3.2. Biological Environmental ...... 12 3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 12 3.4. Public Consultation ...... 13 3.5. Database Preparation, Interpretation, Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impact ...... 13 3.6. Study Team ...... 15 4. Existing Environmental Baseline Condition of Sub-project Area ...... 16 4.1. Physical Environment ...... 16 4.1.1. Geology and Soil Type ...... 16 4.1.2. Slope Stability ...... 16 4.1.3. Climate ...... 17 4.1.4. General Hydrology ...... 17 4.1.5. Land Use Pattern ...... 17

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4.1.6. Air Quality ...... 18 4.1.7. Water Quality ...... 18 4.1.8. Noise Quality ...... 18 4.2. Biological Environment ...... 18 4.2.1. Floral and Faunal Diversity ...... 18 4.2.2. Protected Fauna ...... 20 4.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 20 4.3.1. District context ...... 20 4.3.2. Indirect Impact Area ...... 21 4.3.3. Direct Impact Area ...... 24 4.3.4. Sub-project Affected Family ...... 25 5. Impacts of Reconstruction Plan Implementation on Environment ...... 27 5.1. Beneficial Impacts ...... 27 5.2. Adverse Impacts ...... 29 5.2.1. Physical Environment ...... 29 5.2.2. Biological Environment ...... 30 5.2.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 31 6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS...... 34 6.1. Sub-project Alternative ...... 34 6.2. Alternative Route ...... 34 6.3. Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 34 6.4. Alternative Resources ...... 34 6.5. No Action Option ...... 34 6.6. No Forest Alternative ...... 34 7. Environmental Impact Augmentation, Mitigation and Minimization Measures ...... 36 7.1. Beneficial Impacts Augmentation Measures...... 36 7.2. Adverse Impact ...... 37 7.2.1. Physical Environment ...... 37 7.2.2. Biological Environment ...... 38 7.2.3. Socio-economic Environment ...... 39 8. Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Sub-project ...... 41 9. Environmental Management Plan ...... 47 9.1. Institutions and Their Roles ...... 47 9.2. Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures ...... 49 9.3. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities ...... 59 9.4. Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ...... 59

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9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring ...... 60 9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring ...... 60 9.4.3. Impact Monitoring ...... 60 9.5. Monitoring Parameters ...... 61 9.5.1. Pre-construction Phase ...... 61 9.5.2. Construction Phase...... 61 9.5.3. Operation Phase ...... 61 9.6. Monitoring Indicators ...... 62 9.6.1. Monitoring Activities and Methods ...... 63 9.7. Monitoring Cost ...... 70 9.8. Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost ...... 70 9.9. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 71 10. Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 74 11. Bibliography ...... 75

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location Map of the Road ...... 4 Figure 2: Road in the Topographical Map of the Sub-project Area ...... 5 Figure 3: Road alignment in Open Street Map ...... 6 Figure 4 : Land Use along the Road Alignment ...... 17 Figure 5: Environnemental Management Organisation Structure ...... 49 Figure 6: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 72

List of Tables

Table 1: Restructuring of then VDCs into Affected Ward of Municipality ...... 1 Table 2: Salient Features of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road ...... 7 Table 3: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ...... 9 Table 4: Land use within COI of Road ...... 10 Table 5: Impact Area Delineation ...... 11 Table 6: Impact Evaluation Matrix ...... 14 Table 7: Evaluation of Significance of Impact ...... 15 Table 8: Surface Geology ...... 16 Table 9: Forest along the Road ...... 19 Table 10: List of Protected Fauna Found along the Sub-project Area ...... 20 Table 11: Demographic Profile in Sub-project Affected District ...... 20 Table 12: Demographic and Ethnic Profile in IIA ...... 21 Table 13: Staus of Drinking Water Supply in IIA ...... 21 Table 14: Staus of Energy Used for Cooking in IIA ...... 22 Table 15: Staus of Energy Used for Lighting in IIA ...... 22 Table 16: Staus of Toilet with Type in IIA ...... 22 Table 17: Demographic and Ethnic Characteristics in DIA ...... 24

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Table 18 : Water, Sanitation and Energy Use Status in DIA ...... 25 Table 19 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ...... 26 Table 20: Socio-economic Status of APS ...... 26 Table 21: Affected Structure along the Road ...... 32 Table 22: Affected Public Structure ...... 32 Table 23: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 41 Table 24: Institutions and Their Roles ...... 47 Table 25: Beneficial Impacts, Their Significance and Augmentation Measures ...... 50 Table 26: Adverse Impacts, Their Sgnificance and Mitigations Measures ...... 52 Table 27: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 62 Table 28: Impact Monitoring of the Sub-project ...... 64 Table 29: Compliance Monitoring of the Sub-project ...... 67 Table 30 : Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 70 Table 31: Cost for EMP ...... 70

List of Appendices

Appendix I: Approved ToR ...... 77 Appendix II: Public Notice ...... 96 Appendix III: Muchulka ...... 98 Appendix IV: Recommendation letter ...... 103 Appendix V: Records of Public Consultation ...... 105 Appendix VI: Sub-project Cost ...... 106 Appendix VII: Details of the Sub-project ...... 114 Appendix VIII: Addendum on Sub-project Baseline ...... 117 Appendix IX: Impact Identification Matrix ...... 119 Appendix X: Trees to be cut down...... 120 Appendix XI: Detail Information of Affected Structure/Land ...... 140 Appendix XII: Photographs ...... 156 Appendix XIII: Previously Approved IEE...... 157

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1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of Asian Development Bank (ADB), technical support from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). EEAP will support GoN to accelerate recovery and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project covers 12 affected districts (Kathmandu, , Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchok, Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Chitwan, Gorkha, Lamjung and Sindhuli) in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal. The project will support rebuilding of schools, roads, district-level government buildings, and strengthening resilience to future disasters. A total of 450 km district roads damaged by the earthquakes and landslides will be rehabilitated and reconstructed under the EEAP. Project roads and bridges will be rehabilitated following the Build Back Better features for road safety and climate resilience.

2. Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road starts from Salinadi chowk of Shankharapur Municipality-7 (then Shankharapur Municipality-11) and ends at Mandandeupur Municipality- 2 (then Baluwapati Deupur VDC-2).This road is 10.046 km long, with 8.046 km section in Kathmandu district and 2 km in Kavrepalanchok district, and passes through 5 major settlements: Sakhu, Paluwari, Bisambhara, Karttike and Nagarkot.

3. Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road was initially constructed by World Food program in 2042 B.S (1985/1986 A.D) as earthen road with an average 4-5 m width. However, local people have blacktopped and widened (10 m) at initial 3.260 km section and Hotel Country Villa has widened (10 m) and blacktopped at last 0.266 km section. This road has not been damaged by earthquake (except damage to retaining structures near crossing of Salinadi, Ch 0+360) and is in operation as good weather roads. Therefore it has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction with blacktop surface so that reconstruction activities in settlement like Paluwari, Kattike and nearby other settlements get momentum.

4. Then project affected ward of Shankharapur Municipality and Baluwapati Deupur VDC has been restructured as given in Table 1.

Table 1: Restructuring of then VDCs into Affected Ward of Municipality Previous VDC, Ward Shankarapur Municipality Current Reformation Formation (2071/9/28) ,1-7 Shankharapur-8 Shankharapur Municipality-6 6-9 Shankharapur-10 Suntol, 8 Shankharapur-7 Shankharapur Municipality-5 Suntol, 9 Shankharapur-6 , 1-6 Shankharapur-11 Shankharapur Municipality-7 Pukhulachhi 1-5 Shankharapur-9 Bajrayogini-7,9 Shankharapur-13 Shankharapur Municipality-8 Bajrayogini,8 Shankharapur-12 Baluwapati Deupur-2,4,7-9 Mandandeupur Municipality -2 Baluwapati Deupur-1,3,5,6

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1.2. Proponent 5. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) is the implementing agency for the district roads sub-component of EEAP. EEAP has established Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU), headed by Project Manager to implement the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. CLPIU is supported through its District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU).

6. EEAP, DLPIU of Kathmandu district, being responsible for implementation of Sakhu- Paluwari-Nagarkot road sub-project, is the proponent for conducting Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for proposed road. The address of proponent is as follow.

Address: Earthquake Emergency Assistant Project District Level Project Implementation Unit, Kathmandu district Babarmahal, Kathmandu Phone Number: 01- 4242347/4245371 Email: [email protected]

1.3. Rationality for Updating IEE 7. Initially this road was planned to be rehabilitated and reconstructed under the funding of Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Project (RRRDSP). IEE was prepared under RRRSDP and approved by secretary level decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) on 2073/4/21 B.S (August 5, 2016 A.D). Later it was decided to carry rehabilitation and reconstruction of this road under EEAP. With approved IEE, contract for road rehabilitation and reconstruction was awarded. Previously approved IEE showed there is no tree loss. However, field investigation, after contract award, showed there are 2 Community Forests (CFs) and 72 trees from CF and 122 from private land need to be cut during road construction.

8. Therefore, it was necessary to update IEE with number of tree trees to be cut from the concerned forest. Tree loss assessment was done with the assistance of DFO, Kathmandu and concerned Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) and the updated IEE was submitted to National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) for approval.

1.4. Consultant 9. On behalf of the RRRSDP, the consultant, M/S Environment and Resource Management Consultant (ERMC) had carried out the IEE study as per the Terms of Reference (Appendix-I) as approved from Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD). The detailed address of the consultant preparing these reports is as follows.

Address: Environment & Resource Management Consultant (ERMC) New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O.Box: 12419 Phone/Fax: 977-1-4483064, 4465863 E-mail:[email protected]

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10. However, Af-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland acting as Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) of EEAP has updated this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report on the basis on previously approved IEE, with updating and restructuring of report in line with comments and suggestion received from review committee of NRA, Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and Working Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016.

Address of the CISC CISC, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.drilpnepal.org

1.5. Objectives of the ToR 11. The main objective of the ToR was to identify the key issues and systemize the working procedure for IEE study. The other objectives are listed below.

 To identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment in sub-project area  To identify all the potential beneficial and adverse impacts likely to arise as a result of the implementation of the sub-project,  To identify data requirements and describe methodologies to collect data and information,  To delineate the specific activities to perform on IEE study,  To set out a time frame with the required expert manpower for carrying out the IEE study together with the necessary budget required,

1.6. Objective of IEE 12. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and to propose mitigation measures to avoid, mitigate, reduce and minimize such impacts. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study include to:

 Identify the major impacts that may arise as a result of proposed works on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area.  Provide information on the general environmental setting of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road area as baseline data.  Carry out alternative analysis of the sub-project to minimize environmental impacts.  Carry out consultative meetings with local people, affected parties and concerned stakeholders and provide them opportunities to raise their concerns and suggestions.  Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project.  Inform decision makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of the sub-project.

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2. Detail on Reconstruction/Rehabilitation Work 2.1. Location and Access 13. Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road sub-project lies in the northern east part of Kathmandu district and northern west part of Kavrepalanchok district. It starts from Salinadi chowk of Shankharapur Municipality-7 (then Shankharapur Municipality-11) at altitude of 1,395 masl and ends at Mandandeupur Municipality-2 (then Baluwapati Deupur VDC-2) at an altitude of 1,937 masl. The road provides improved access to northern part of Kathmandu and Kavrepalanchok districts. This road connects settlement like Nagarkot, Kattike, and Paluwari to inner core city of Kathmandu district via Chabahil--sakhu road (F02602). The location map, topographical site and google image of the road is illustrated by the Figure 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

Figure 1: Location Map of the Road

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Figure 2: Road in the Topographical Map of the Sub-project Area

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Sankhu

Start point End point

Figure 3: Road alignment in Open Street Map

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2.2. Salient Features of the Sub-project 14. The salient features of the Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road are presented in the following Table 2.

Table 2: Salient Features of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Description Sub-project Features Name of the Sub-project Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Location Implementing District Kathmandu Start Point Salinadi chowk of Shankharapur Municipality-7 (then Shankharapur Municipality -11), Kathmandu district, 27° 43' 45.696'' N and 85° 28' 13.404'' E End Point Mandandeupur Municipality-2 (then Baluwapati Deupur VDC- 2), Kavrepalanchok district, 27° 46' 33.384'' N and 85° 32' 17.52'' E Affected Municipality Shankharapur and Mandandeupur Municipality Major Settlements Sakhu, Paluwari, Bisambhara, Karttike, Nagarkot Geographical Features Terrain Hill and Rolling Elevation Lowest Elevation: 1,395 masl, at Salinadi Chowk, Highest Elevation: 1,937 masl, at Unkai Restaurant, Nagarkot,

Mandandeupur Municipality Climate Sub-tropical Road Type / Design Parameters Classification of Road District Road Core Network District Transport 27DR037 Management Plan (DTMP) Code Length of Road 10.046 km Right of Way (ROW) 20 m (10 meters on either side from centerline of the road) Corridor of Impact (COI) 10 m (5 m on either side from centerline of the road) Design Road Width for 6.25 m (3.75 m carriage way and 0.75 m shoulder on either District Road side, 1 m drainage). Nature of Road Lane Single lane Existing Pavement Earthen and partially blacktopped (blacktop at initial 3.260 km and ending 0.220 km) Proposed Pavement Blacktop with gravel sub-base and base of graded crushed stone aggregate materials Shoulder 1.5 m (0.75 m * 2) Cross Sections 15 m on either side of road centerline Benchmark / Control point 250 m interval on an average. Gradient Limitation of Maximum 300 m Gradient Length above Average Gradient of 7%

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Description Sub-project Features Ruling 7% Limiting Gradient 10% Exceptional Gradient (up 12% to 100 m length) Minimum Gradient on Hill 0.5 % (max 1%) Roads Earthwork Excavation/Cutting 48,736.907 m3 Embankment/Filling 34,735.420 m3 Others Human Resource Unskilled 55,553 & skilled 34,824 Person/days Requirement Construction Period 3 years Sub-project Cost Civil work cost NRs. 232,716,449.20 EMP Cost (Included in NRs. 5,976,115.61 (NRs. 4,776, 115.61 for bio-engineering) Civil Work) EMP Cost (Mitigation NRs. 1,172,667.70 Cost) EMP Cost (Monitoring NRs. 323,000.00 Cost) Total EMP Cost NRs. 7,471,783.31 GESI AP Cost NRs. 150,000.00 RP Cost NRs. 112,714,161.55 Total Sub-project Cost NRs. 347,076,278.45

2.3. Components and Activities 15. Sub-project components are: construction of drainage structures like side drain (covered trapezoidal, open trapezoidal and tick type), slab culvert, pipe culvert, irrigation crossing. Retaining structures like dry stone masonry, stone masonry wall and gabion retaining and breast wall as well as earthwork like cutting, filling, site clearance. Bioengineering, spoil disposal management; compensatory plantation, roadside plantation will be done during the construction of this road sub-project.

2.4. Construction Materials Required 16. The construction material survey was carried out for the following purposes:

 Identification of location, estimation of quantity of sand, boulder, gravel and other possible construction material in and around the construction site  Site identification and determination of relevant materials available along river beds that can be used as concrete aggregates.  The bitumen will be bought from market.

17. Based on the construction material survey, existing stone soling at some sections of the road surface can be reused. For the construction purpose stone quarry is also available

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at River, about 15 km far from Karttike bhanjyang and Roshi khola, around 50 km far from end point of road. Sand will be bought from Jorpati, and Tikabhairab. Other construction materials such as GI wire, aggregates, cement etc. can be procured from Jorpati. All the construction material required for sub-project will be procured from nearest market centre or government approved quarry sites only.

2.5. Implementation Schedule 18. Following Table 3 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project :

Table 3: Sub-project Implementation Schedule S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV

1 Detailed survey, design and estimate

2 Preparation of resettlement plan

2.1 Life skill and income generation training 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report update and approval from NRA 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work by Contractor Note: I - January, February, March II - April, May, June III - July, August, September IV - October, November, December

2.6. Human Resource 19. The sub-project requires both skilled and unskilled human resource. Total 34,824 skilled person days and 55,553 unskilled person days human resource are required to carry out civil work activities.

2.7. Land Requirement 20. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into four types: settlement area, agricultural land, forest land and barren land. The road sub- project has decided to acquire 5 m land on either side from the centre line as Corridor of Impact (COI). Initial 3.260 km and last 0.266 km section doesn’t require new cutting. Similarly, acquisition of land in 2900 m of forest area is limited to 6.25 m only. Therefore, the road requires 2.17 ha of additional land which consists of 0.70 ha of settlement area, 0.29

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ha of barren land, 0.81 ha of private land and 0.36 ha of forest, please refer Table 4 for detail.

Table 4: Land use within COI of Road

Land Use Land Area (Ha) Pattern Already Additional Total Remarks in road required for road Private Land 4.34 0.81 5.15 5 m on either side from centerline as COI (Note: Already existing 10 m wider road in 3,526 m and no further land is required in that length segment) Settlement Area 0.70 0.70 1.41 5 m on either side as COI Forest Land 1.45 0.36 1.81 Limited to required 6.25 m only for 2900 m of forest area Barren Land 0.29 0.29 0.58 5 m on either side from centerline as COI Total 6.78 2.17 8.98 (Source: Field Survey, 2017)

2.8. Cost 21. Total sub-project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 347,076,278.45 and civil work cost is NRs. 232,716,449.2 (Refer Appendix VI).

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3. Methodology 22. IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road was prepared on the basis of ToR approved on 2070/11/27 B.S. (2014/3/11 A.D.) by the secretary level decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997 (Appendix I, A) and updated on the basis of IEE approved by secretary level decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) on 2073/4/21 B.S (August 5, 2016 A.D), which has also been attached at Appendix XIII.

3.1. Impact Area Delineation 23. The sub-project will have direct impact on ward 5, 6, 7 and 8 of Shankarapur Municipality and ward 2 of Mandandeupur Municipality and indirect impact on Shankarapur Municipality of Kathmandu district and Mandandeupur Municipality of Kavrepalanchok district. The sub-project passes through two CFs requiring 0.36 ha of forest area with direct impact on ward 5 and 6 of Shankarapur Municipality. Sub-project affected areas were delineated based on the field conditions and use of the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE process. Based on the environmental impacts of the sub-project, the sub-project-affected areas are classified as the following Table 5.

Table 5: Impact Area Delineation Direct Impact Area Construction areas of sub-project activities. Such area includes (DIA) the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry sites and stock piling sites including their access components.

(Considering administrative boundary: Shankarapur Municipality ward 5-8 and Mandandeupur Municipality – 2 and considering 0.36 ha of forest area: Shankarapur Municipality ward 5 and 6)

Indirect Impact Area Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low (IIA) impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within 100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure sites.

(Considering administrative boundary: Shankharapur Municipality and Mandandeupur Municipality)

3.2. Desk study and Literature Review 24. IEE study team collected and reviewed the available secondary sources related to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environmental resources of the sub-project area. a. Physical Environment 25. From various available sources of secondary information (e.g. Topographical Map, Regional Geological Map, DHM, MoPE, district profile of Kavrepalanchok district and district Transport Management Plan of Kathmandu and information on topography, geology and precipitations, temperatures were reviewed and collected.

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b. Biological Environment 26. The important secondary sources of information were reviewed from relevant literatures including other projects IEE/EIA reports, then VDC Profiles, and websites of MoPE, DoF, MoFSC, and DNPWC. c. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 27. During desk study necessary secondary data and information were gathered from related organizations/institutions, like District Profile of Kavrepalachok, 2074 B.S, National Population and Housing Census, 2011 A.D (including VDC/Municipality level).Similarly, resettlement plan and GESI report for this road sub-project was also reviewed. These documents were reviewed and relevant information for the study was assembled.

3.2.1. Preparation of Household Survey Questionnaire, FGD and Checklists 28. During desk study, the survey tools such as household survey questionnaire, environmental checklists that were annexed in approved ToR was reviewed for physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment.

3.3. Field Study 29. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site inspection and observation. Data collection was done from 6/05/2014 A.D to 12/05/2014 A.D (2071/1/23 B.S to 2071/1/29 B.S). Later, field survey for tree loss assessment was carried from 23/04/2017 A.D to 28/04/2017 A.D (2074/01/10 B.S to 2074/01/15 B.S)

3.3.1. Physical Environmental 30. Physical environment survey was carried out by delineating the impact area, which might be affected by the proposal activities during construction and operation of the road main components and support facilities. Field survey was carried out for the land use, topography, geomorphology, geology, soil, land stability, noise level, water quality, air quality etc. Site specific information on the above sectors was collected by direct observations and consultations with the local communities.

3.3.2. Biological Environmental 31. Total enumeration was done for tree loss assessment within the formation width. Vegetation survey was carried out by walkthrough survey throughout the road alignment. Type of vegetation and forest management, floristic composition, ethno-botany was recorded by direct observation as well as consultation with “Ilaka Ban Karyalaya, ”, members of Kusum CFUG and Lambodanda CFUG through key informamt interview (KII). Information on wildlife in the forest area of sub-project was also collected through consultation with the local communities, FUGs in the field.

3.3.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 32. Walkthrough survey was carried to understand general socio-economic and cultural overview of sub-project. Detail of field investigation for socio-economic and cultural environment is described below.

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 Inventory of loss: Inventory of loss was done by keeping record of affected land, structure and trees through direct observation within COI.  Census household survey for Affected Person (AP): A census of socio-economic and loss assessment survey of sub-project affected people between Ch 3+260 and Ch 9+780 was carried out to document complete socio-economic and loss assessment. Socio- economic and loss assessment survey was carried for 32 (58.18%, with 140 populations), out of total affected 55 households, as rest of households were absentee.  Consultation meeting: Information on general socio-economic conditions of the people of the sub-project area was collected through consultation meeting and further verified through key informant interview.

3.4. Public Consultation 33. A 15 days public notice was published in Gorkhapatra, a national daily newspaper (Appendix II) seeking written opinion from concerned Municipality (then VDCs), DFO, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations, after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997.

34. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected (see Appendix III). Recommendation letters were obtained from concerned Municipality (then VDCs), and CFUG as given in Appendix IV. Furthermore, local people were contacted and interviewed to solicit information (refer Appendix V).

3.5. Database Preparation, Interpretation, Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impact a. Data Analysis and Interpretation 35. The required data for the study was collected through primary and secondary source as mentioned above and database was prepared. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to establish existing baseline information on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment. Data and information from the questionnaires/checklists were entered on processing data entry layout. Data analysis and interpretation of physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments were done.

Physical Environment 36. The collected existing baseline condition information and data on such as topography, geology and soil type were analyzed. Similarly, qualitative data on air, water and noise pollution status were analyzed. The output of analyzed information and data were interpreted in logical, sequential and consistent order.

Biological Environment 37. The biological environmental information (e.g. tree and wildlife species, and bird species) collected from primary and secondary sources were tabulated. Forest type with management ownership was mentioned. Then the recorded species were compared and

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verified to the list prepared by IUCN Red Data Book, CITES and List of Endangered, Rare and Threatened Plant and Wildlife Species published by GoN.

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 38. The collected socio-economic data were entered in MS Excel 2010 and processed as required. Similarly, qualitative data related to socio-economic and cultural environment was analyzed to create the existing baseline. Suggestions made by the local people and stakeholders' during public consultation were also considered for benefit augmentation measures and mitigation measures for adverse impacts are proposed. b. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation Method Impact Identification 39. Based on field visit observation and consultation meeting with local, issues that may trigger due to project intervention were identified and prioritized. From the exercise both types of beneficial and adverse impacts were identified for IEE study. The impacts were categorized as per environmental domain (i.e. physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments). Likewise; an impact that may trigger under different phases of project implementation (i.e. construction and operation) was also taken into account for the assessment.

Impact Prediction 40. Extrapolative (i.e. predictions on the basis of past and present data, and trend analysis), and experts` experience and judgment (applying past experience and knowledge of the experts) methods were applied for impact prediction on the basis of identified impacts.

Impact Evaluation 41. The assessment of environmental impacts was derived exclusively from the baseline environmental conditions of the affected environment with the project activities in terms of their magnitude (high, medium and low), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term), and type of effect (direct or indirect). Numerical Scale mentioned in National EIA Guidelines (1993) is used to analyze the impact of the proposed sub-project. The numerical scale is presented in Table 6.

Table 6: Impact Evaluation Matrix Magnitude Extend Duration High (H) 60 Regional (R) 60 Long term(LT) 20 Medium (M) 20 Local (L) 20 Medium Term (MT) 10 Low (L) 10 Site Specific (SS) 10 Short Term (ST) 5

42. Significance Evaluation: The numerical value of magnitude, extend and nature is summed up to evaluate the significance of any impacts. Classification of significance has been done as shown in Table 7.

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Table 7: Evaluation of Significance of Impact S.N. Score Significance of Impact 1 Up to 40 Insignificant impact (IS) 2 41-80 Significant impact (S) 3 81-100 Very significant impact(VS) 4 More than 100 Highly significant impact (HS).

3.6. Study Team 43. The team member for study of this IEE report are listed below, please refer declaration form attached in approved IEE report (Appendix XIII) also.

Members Mr. Salil Devkota- Team Leader/ Environment Expert Ms. Subechha Pokhrel-Biologist Dilli Ram Lamichhane- Socio-economic Expert

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4. Existing Environmental Baseline Condition of Sub- project Area 4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Geology and Soil Type 44. This road follows the rocks of Tawa Khola, Tistung, Markhu and Sarung Khola Formations of the Mahabharat range. There are no any geological structures like fault and thrust along and nearby the road alignment. The topography along the road alignment is flat slope to gentle slope, passes through valley sediments, residual soil, colluvial deposits after then some part of the road alignment follows the rocky terrain of the Lesser Himalaya. Thickness of colluvial and residual soil deposits range from 1 to more than 3 m. The natural hill slope ranges from 5 to 65 degrees. The detail of surface geology along the road alignment is given in the Table 8 below.

Table 8: Surface Geology Chainage Surface Geology From To 0+000 0+130 Schists, Quartzite 0+130 0+689 Residual Soil 0+689 0+732 Schists, Quartzite 0+732 0+745 Sand 0+745 1+017 Residual Soil 1+017 1+027 Sand 1+027 1+148 Residual Soil 1+148 1+165 Sand 1+165 5+000 Residual Soil 5+000 6+500 Schists, Micaceous Quartzite 6+500 7+000 Schists, Micaceous Quartzite 7+000 8+300 Schists, Micaceous Quartzite 8+300 9+200 Residual Soil 9+200 9+789 Schists, Micaceous Quartzite 9+789 9+904 Residual Soil 9+904 10+046 Schists, Micaceous Quartzite

4.1.2. Slope Stability 45. Few cut slope failures are observed between the chainage 8+600 and 10+000 which are mostly in residual and colluvial soils deposits. The main causes of slides are precipitation, surface water condition, and undercutting slope by road cutting. Almost all failures are occurred after opening of the road alignment. Between Paluwari and Nagarkot, there is a possibility to occur failure in limestone of the Chandragiri Limestone. These slides are shallow depth and can be mitigated by the arrangement of the surface drain as well as trimming of the slope and applying the bioengineering works in the barren land on the slope. Remaining of the length of road has good stability, because of low height cut slope.

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4.1.3. Climate 46. The climate of the area is sub-tropical type in major portion of the road section. In the upper section near Nagarkot, the climate is slightly warm temperate type. According to climate-data.org, the average temperature of Kathmandu is 18.1oC and precipitation is 1505 mm, also average temperature around project area (in reference to nearest climate station Nagarkot) is 14.9 oC and 2287 mm of precipitation.

4.1.4. General Hydrology 47. The road follows valley and hill routes and has few Kholsi's, streams and river crossing the alignment. The entire cross drainages are proposed with proper crossing to make the road open even during the monsoon seasons. Major River area is the Salinadi River at Ch 0+360 in proposed road and others are dry Kholsis. The details of streams along the road alignment are listed in Appendix VIII A.

4.1.5. Land Use Pattern 48. The proposed road sub-project passes through different land use including forest (16.66%), bushes (13.43%) and cultivable land (37.5 %), and settlement area (32.41%). Pleae refer Figure 4 for land use pattern along the road and Appendix VIII B.

Figure 4 : Land Use along the Road Alignment

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4.1.6. Air Quality 49. The ambient air quality, as observed by the visual inspection was found to be generally fair throughout the sub-project section. However, air borne dust particles resulted due to vehicular movement is of concern. Besides, no significant sources of air pollutants were observed around the sub-project area.

4.1.7. Water Quality 50. Few small streams were observed along the road section, with both seasonal and perennial nature. Some of these streams pass across the road alignment. The water quality of these streams observed through the visual inspection was found to be fair. However, during monsoon season rainfall eroded materials provide significant contribution towards the deterioration of water quality. Moreover, open defecation at several places and cattle excreta are the potential sources of fecal contamination on the streams.

4.1.8. Noise Quality 51. The sound level as perceived by the experts was generally calm. Any significant sources that contribute to noise pollution were not observed along the road alignment. But the frequent movement of vehicles around the initial point of road alignment was found to be disturbing.

4.2. Biological Environment 4.2.1. Floral and Faunal Diversity 52. Vegetation along Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot alignment is of mixed type. At the lower section of road i.e. Sakhu to Bisambhara, the tree species are of Castanopsis-Schima Forest. The common tree species includes Katus (Castanopsis indica), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Kafal (Myrica esculenta), etc. Similarly, in the upper section from Bisambhara to Nagargot, the species change to temperate forest. The common species includes Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Plum (Prunus domestica), etc. The common shrubs species found in the area include Chutro (Berberis asiatica), Tapre (Cassia sps), Dhusurlo (Ribes takare), Ghubaiso (Leucosceptrum canum) and Bhogate (Citrus maxima). There are some species commonly used by local people which are of ethno-botanical important like Chiraito (Swertia chirayita), Nundhuki (Osyris wightiana), Dhasingare (Gaultheria fragrantissima) etc, please visit Appendix VIII C for list of ethnobotanical plants around sub-project area.

53. The major wild animals that are found around the sub-project area are Shyal (Vulpes bengalensis), Musa (Mus terricolor), Lokharke (Ratufa indica), Nyaurimusa (Herpestis edwardsii) etc. Similarly, the common bird species found locally includes Gauthali (Hirundo sps), Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Dhukur (Streptopelia sps), Jureli (Pycnonotus leucogenys) etc. and detail is given in Appendix VIII D.

54. The details of plants, animals and birds in the sub-project area of the two community forest (Kusum CF and Lambodanda CF are listed in the Table 9.

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Table 9: Forest along the Road

Name of Chainage Length CF Total HH No. Main Species Mammals Birds Forest From To (m) Area (Ha) Kusum CF 6+500 7+000 500 172.17 131 Salla Shyal (Vulpes Gauthali (Pinus roxburghii), bengalensis), Musa (Hirundo sps), 8+300 9+200 900 Katus (Mus terricolor), Kalij (Lophura (Castanopsis indica) Lokharke (Ratufa leucomelanos), Chilaune indica), Dhukur (Schima wallichii), Nyaurimusa (Streptopelia Kaphal ( Herpestis sps), (Myrica esculanta) edwardsii ) Jureli (Pycnonotus leucogenys), Lambodanda 5+000 6+500 1,500 68.66 56 Uttis Shyal (Vulpes Dhukur CF (Anus nepalensis), bengalensis), (Streptopelia Chilaune Lokharke (Ratufa sps), (Schima wallichii), indica), Kalij Saur (Lophura (Betula alnoides) leucomelanos), Total 2,900 240.83 187

(Field Survey, 2017)

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4.2.2. Protected Fauna 55. The protected fauna found in the forest along road corridor area given in Table 10.

Table 10: List of Protected Fauna Found along the Sub-project Area SN Local Name Scientific Remarks Name IUCN 2008 CITES Code GoN 1 Lokharke Ratufa bicolar Endangered 2 Dumsi Hystrix indica LC 3 Shyal Canis aureus LC Appendix III 3 Kalij Lophura LC leucomelanos 4 Nyaurimusa (Herpestis Vul edwardsii )

Note: LC = Least Concern, Vul: Vulnerable (Source: Field survey, 2017) Appendix III- species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a species

4.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 4.3.1. District context 56. The road lies in Kathmandu and Kavrepalanchok districts. According to CBS 2011, the total population of the Kathmandu is 1,744,240 and Kavepalanchok is 381,937 living in 436,344 and 80,720 households respectively. Please refer Table 11 for detail.

Table 11: Demographic Profile in Sub-project Affected District S.N Parameter Kavrepalanchok Kathmandu Total 1 Total HH 80,720 436,344 517,064 2 Population 381,937 1,744,240 2,126,177 3 Male 182,936 913,001 1,095,937 4 Female 199,001 831,239 1,030,240 5 Average HH size 4.73 4.00 (Source: CBS 2011)

57. Newar, Brahmin, , Tamang, Dalit, etc. is main caste in Kathmandu with common language as Nepali, followed by Newari. Kavrepalanchok district also have similar composition of caste with dominance of Tamang.

58. In Kavrepalanchok district , out of 80,720 HH, 63,832 use water from pipeline, 10,188 from covered and uncoverd kuwa, 217 HH have tube well facility and remaining household depends on other source of water. In term of energy for cooking, 63,092 HH use firewood, 12,959 use LP gas and remaining household use kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the household (70,415) use electricity for lightning, followed by 6,692 HH using kerosene, 1,756 household have solar panel also and few households uses other source of lightening sources. 21,708 HH had not constructed toilet, remaining HH have toilet with/without flush system.

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59. In case of Kathmandu district, 269,909 use water from pipeline, 29,085 HH from covered and 5,565 HH from uncovered kuwa, 19,263 HH uses water from spout, 34,977 HH have tube well facility and remaining household depends on other source of water. In term of energy for cooking, 33,223 HHs use firewood, 385,136 uses LP gas and 12,213 household use kerosene, and remain HH uses other sources. Most of the household (427,363) use electricity for lightning, followed by 2,330 HH using kerosene, 1,815 household have Bio-gas also and remaining HH uses other source of lightning sources. 5,034 HH had not constructed toilet, 385,742 HH have Flush system toilet, 41,301 HH have Ordinary system toilet and remain have other system.

4.3.2. Indirect Impact Area 60. Shankharapur Municipality of Kathmandu and Mandandeupur Municipality of Kavrepalanchok are indirectly impacted area of sub-project, with 12,734 households and 57,997 populations. Both Municipalities have people with dominance of Tamang, Newar, Brahmin, Chhetri etc. with higher numbers of Hindus and Buddhist. Please refer Table 12 for detail.

Table 12: Demographic and Ethnic Profile in IIA Parameters Mandandeupur Municipality Shankarapur Municipality Total Households 7,328 5,406 12,734 Total 32,659 25,338 57,997 population Male 15,320 12,346 27,666 Female 17,339 12,992 30,331 Average HH 4.5 4.70 Ethnicity Tamang, Brahmin-Hill, Tamang, Newar, Chhetri, Chhetri, Magar, Newar etc. Bhamhin-Hill etc. Mother Nepali, Tamang, Newar, Nepali, Tamang, Newar etc. Tongue Danuwar, Magar etc. Religion Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Kirant, Christian etc. Kirant etc. (Source: CBS 2011)

61. The supply of drinking water through tap water or pipe line in Mandandeupur Municipality is higher than Shankarapur Municipality. Besides tap water, people depend on kuwa and spout water also. Please refer Table 13.

Table 13: Staus of Drinking Water Supply in IIA Municipality HH Tap Tubewell Covered Uncovered Spout Other Water /Handpump Well Well Water Shankarapur 5,406 1,537 153 217 1,010 1,608 881 Municipality

Mandandeupur 7,328 5,211 4 309 720 1,023 61 Municipality

(Source: CBS 2011)

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62. Firewood is main source for cooking in both municipalities, followed by biogas in Mandandeupur Municipality and LP gas in Shankarpur Municipality. People of both municipalities use electricity for lightning, followed by kerosene use. (Please refer Table 14 and 15)

Table 14: Staus of Energy Used for Cooking in IIA Municipality HH Wood Kerosene LP Biogas Electricity Other Gas Shankarapur 5,406 3,854 126 1,376 8 2 40 Municipality Mandandeupur 7,328 5,911 9 334 1,028 1 45 Municipality

(Source: CBS 2011)

Table 15: Staus of Energy Used for Lighting in IIA Municipality HH Electricity Kerosene Biogas Solar Other

Shankarapur 5,406 5,107 242 11 12 34 Municipality

Mandandeupur 7,328 6,950 309 16 9 44 Municipality

(Source: CBS 2011)

63. Nearly one fourth households in both municipalities don’t have toilet facilities still; nearly half of the households have toilet facility with flush or safety tank (Refer Table 16).

Table 16: Staus of Toilet with Type in IIA Municipality HH Toilet with General No Toilet Other Safety Tank Toilet Shankarapur 5,406 2,907 1,138 1,328 33 Municipality

Mandandeupur 7,328 3,708 1,143 2,448 29 Municipality

(Source: CBS 2011)

Religious and Cultural Sites 64. There is religious and culturally important site located in the sub-project influence. Salinadi is located by nearly 200 m from proposed road sub-project near the Salinadi River. Furthermore, there are Bhagawati temple which is located at the Sakhu Buspark and Mahadev temple which is approximately 300 m away from the proposed road section are also the importance religious site in Sakhu. Sakhu, being a newar community celebrates diverse festivals averaging one in every month but the major festivals include Dashain, Tihar, Buddha Jayanti, Nhu daya, Yomari Punhi, Sithi Nakha, weeklong Mhasukhwa Maju festivals, etc. and Tamang community especially celebrated Lhosar.

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Economic Activities 65. Most of the people of the sub-project influence area are involved in agro occupations to support their livelihood. Livestock like cow, buffalo, goat and poultry are another source of income. Very few people are employed in the local government offices. During field observation, no fishing activities were found in the rivulets near the sub-project area. In the recent five years, remittance is becoming major source of income for the households with the minimum of one people migrating in Middle East and South Asia countries for work. The main expenditure of the local people is spent on items like food, cloth, health, festival and so on. The land transaction is low but is gaining a pace due to the opening of the track.

Tourism 66. Sakhu holds different sites that can attract large number of tourists. Bajrayoginee and Salinadi are attraction of this area. Bajrayoginee temple is approximated 1.5 km north of Sakhu. Similarly, Salinadi area, where a month long Swasthani festival occurs with minimum 50,000 people visits, is very near to start point of road head. Also, the unique culture and tradition of Newar community attracts the internal and international tourists every year. Sakhu is also the way to famous hill station of Nepal, Nagarkot, and approxmiately 12 km away in the NE. The track opening from Sakhu has also attracted largely the internal tourists for their vacation and the up-gradation of road will likely to increase the tourist number in the area.

Migration 67. In search of better facility and employment people from the sub-project area are migrating permanently and temporarily to nearby areas. The people from upper section of sub-project area are migrating to the Sakhu and its surroundings whereas; the local Newar residents of Sakhu are migrating to the nearby areas like Jorpati, Chabahil, etc. Similarly, large numbers of people are also migrating to the Middle East countries for income generation and western countries for higher studies.

Education facility and Literacy 68. There are two private institution, one community and one government institution in the sub-project area. Of which three of them provide higher education in Shankharapur Municipality-7. The details of the educational institutions are listed in Appendix VIII E. Likewise, the literacy rate of Shankharapur Municipality-7 for 5 years and above are high 74.48% (male 84.45% and female 65.06%).

Transportation Facility 69. Sakhu which is 12 km east of Jorpati, is connected to capital city Kathmandu by Gangalal Marg. Additional to this road, there are two feeder route which passes through Sakhu (Sakhu to Melamchi Bazaar of Sindupalchowk which is approximately 22 km and Sakhu to Melamchi via Bajrayoginee temple which is 8 km). All to these roads are agricultural road. However, in some section of Sakhu to Melamchi road is Otta sealed. Similar, there are other roads under construction that includes one from Sakhu via Changunaragyan to Bhaktapur and other form Sakhu Itakhel via Telkot to Bhaktapur.

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4.3.3. Direct Impact Area 70. Road passes through the Shankharapur Municipality-5,6,7 and 8 with 2,545 HHs and 11,828 population and Mandandeupur Municipality-2 with 1,292 HHs and 6,023 populations. Total population of DIA is 17,851 with 3,837 households. Please refer Table 17 for detail. The sub-project area comprisesetnically Newar community in Sanhu village (28.71%), and outer boundry by Tamang Community (23.72%), 19.94% Chhetri, 14.78 % Brahmin and 1.73 % other respectively. Most of people follow Buddhism (53%) and Hinduism (47%).

Table 17: Demographic and Ethnic Characteristics in DIA

Then VDC Municipality- Total Population Average Caste/ Ethnic Ward HHs HH Size Distribution Male Female Total Suntol Shankharapur 1,021 2,351 2,468 4,819 4.72 Newar, Brahmin, Municipality- Chhetri, Tamang 5- 8 Bajrayogini 928 2086 2247 4,333 4.67 Tamang, Newar , Chhetri Pukhulachhi Newar, Brahmin, 596 1298 2676 4.49 1378 Chhetri Baluwapati Mandandeupur 1,292 2,943 3,080 6,023 4.66 Tamang , Brahmin/ Deupur Municipality -2 Chhetri, Gurung, Newar and Dalit Total 3,837 8,678 9,173 17,851 4.68 (Source: CBS, 2011)

71. One fourth HH in DIA recives water from pipeline, half household use firewood for cooking and electricity is main source of light energy. Please refer Table 18 for detail.

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Table 18 : Water, Sanitation and Energy Use Status in DIA

Then VDC Municipality- Source of Drinking water Coking Lightning Toilet Ward

HH Tap water Covered/ Uncovered kuwa Spout Wood LPG Kerosene Electricity Kerosene /Solar/ Biogas Without toilet Flush system Ordinary system Suntol Shankharapur 928 429 275 58 593 312 19 889 26 135 548 128 Bajrayogini Municipality-5- 8 1021 225 120 351 647 346 22 986 32 256 564 197 Pukhulachhi 596 167 209 122 144 374 68 583 11 115 434 44 Baluwapati Mandandeupur 1292 82 167 271 1170 85 19 814 133 506 421 353 Deupur Municipality -2 Total 3837 903 771 802 2554 1117 128 3272 202 1012 1967 722 (Source: CBS, 2011)

4.3.4. Sub-project Affected Family 72. The affected families are included only from the chainage 3+260 to 9+780. The total affected households are 55; socio-economic survey was carried for 32 (58.18%) households having 140 populations. Out of total AP's 6 HH s are from Brahmin/chhetri, 1 from Dalit and 25 from Janajati. None households are below poverty line and none of them are landless families. There are 6 female headed families but stating on equal status as other. The detail is given in the Table 19 below.

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Table 19 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project

S.N. Variable Count 1 Total Affected HHs 55 2 Interviewed HHs 32 2.1 Dalit HHs 1 2.2 Janajati HHs 25 2.3 Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 6 3 Interviewed Population 140 3.1 Male 68 3.2 Female 72 3.3 Average HHs Size 4.38 4 Interviewed HHs 23 5 Women Headed HHs 6 (Source: RP, HH Survey, 2016)

73. The survey showed that the average food sufficiency of the AP's from their own agriculture production is 8.09 months. The APs are involved in small business activities like shop and tourism sector. The other non-agricultural incomes are remittance; private and government services and wage labor. The average landholding of AP is 0.41 ha. The average agriculture income is NRs. 74218.75

Table 20: Socio-economic Status of APS Parameters Households Percent Food sufficiency <3 months 1 3.13 3-6 months 8 25.00 6-9 months 11 34.38 9-12 months 8 25.00 >12 months 4 12.50 Average months 8.09 Land Holding <0.5 ha 23 71.88 0.5-1 ha 8 25.00 >1 ha 1 3.13 Average Land Holding 0.41 ha Land loss <5% 22 68.75 >5% 10 31.25 Average Land Loss 0.001 ha

74. Total 12 structures are lost by 11 Aps and one structure by Bishamvara Multipurpose Cooperative, which was established on Jan 26, 1997. Out of 68 members of this cooperative, 42 are Aps (losing land/structures). The cooperative has been involved in dairy collection from members and connect to market as well as saving and credit facility. Detail is listed in Table 21 and Appendix XI.

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5. Impacts of Reconstruction Plan Implementation on Environment 75. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the proposed proposal activities in terms of upgrading and operation stage. The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural resources. The impacts generated are both beneficial as well as adverse.

76. The potential impacts have been predicted in terms of their magnitude of significance (low, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short term, medium term and long term) as well as their nature (reversible, irreversible). The possible impacts from the proposal during the upgrading and operation stages are presented as following.

5.1. Beneficial Impacts Construction Phase a. Employment Opportunity 77. During construction phase of the sub-project, about 55,553 unskilled and 34,824 skilled person days labourers are required, creating the employment opportunity. The impact is envisaged to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration and very significant impact. b. Enterprise Development and Business Promotion 78. Different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of labor groups, construction crew and sub-project team. In general, the enterprises will include food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving large numbers of people. The demand for local products such as fruits, vegetables, etc. will rise during the construction period which may increase for local production and marketing. This will contribute to the local economy and may help reduce poverty. Such benefits may contribute to enterprise development which often continues to entrench beyond the construction period. This impact will be direct, medium in magnitude, local and long-term in nature and significance impact. c. Rent from Land 79. During the construction period there is a need to use private land temporarily in order to set up campsite, stockpile the construction materials, etc. Thus, the local people whose land has been used for such purposes will be provided with the rent of his land. This will ultimately enhance his income and serve positively to upgrade the economic status of his family. However, this positive impact will be of direct, low magnitude, site specific and short term in nature and insignificant impact. d. Women Empowerment Sub-project has aimed 20% of women participation in overall labour need, including environment safeguard works such as bio-engineering and plantation activities during the construction of road. The sub-project will have indirect, medium magnitude, local, long-term with significant impact.

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e. Tourism Promotion and Home Stay 80. The proposed road sub-project connects Sakhu and famous hill station of Nepal, Nagarkot. Likewise, Sakhu region has great religious importance as Bajrayogini and the Salinadi are famous religious sites of . So, project will attract more tourists. The impacts are of direct, high magnitude, local and long-term in nature with highly significance impact. f. Skill Development of Workers 81. The construction of road is likely to enhance skills of workers in construction, and large number of people will get practical or hands on training. The skill and knowledge acquired from the project during construction will enhance employment opportunities. Such trained manpower can earn livelihoods from similar project in future. This impact is indirect, moderate, local and long-term in nature.

Operational Phase a. Better Access 82. The people in the sub-project area and their adjoining areas will benefit from the improved access and reduced travel costs. Thus, the road upgrading sub-project will directly benefit those local people and the local will be able to get all the required social and economic benefit from nearest business center of Kathmandu and other nearby market centers. The magnitude, extent and duration of this beneficial impact are direct, high in magnitude, local in extend, long term with highly significant impact. b. Increase Land Value 83. Improved and better road leads to rise in land values along the road corridor. According to concerned district land revenue office, average land value in project area is 3,200,000.00 per ropani in Kathmandu and 1,200,000.00 in Kavrepalanchok. Private land along the road alignment will turn into commercial land of higher value. Increased land values will enhance farmer’s capability for borrowing loans on collaterals. Besides farming, this will provide them the opportunity to get involved in various enterprising activities that will enhance their livelihood. High value lands are easily acceptable to banks and micro-finance institutions to provide loans. This impact will be indirect, medium, local and long-term in nature and significant impact. c. Market Development Opportunity 84. The opportunity created by the improved access, reduced transportation and travel cost, etc. are expected to incite enhanced market mechanisms. The better availability of improved seeds for cereals and vegetables, better availability of seeds and saplings of horticultural crops, farming tools and techniques, improved breed of animal species etc. all associated with the better road access and mobility are envisaged to further buttress the development of market in the area. Such impacts are indirect, high magnitude, regional in extent and long term in nature with highly significant impact.

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5.2. Adverse Impacts 5.2.1. Physical Environment Construction Phase a. Land Use Change 85. The development and expansion of transportation facilitates will bring change among various land use practices along a road alignment and corridor. About 0.36 ha of forest area, 0.81 ha of private land and about 0.29 ha of barren land and 0.70 ha settlement land will be permanently converted into built up area for the formation width of the proposed road. The envisaged impact is direct nature, medium in magnitude, local in extend, medium term in duration with significant impact. b. Hazards due to Spoil Disposal 86. Fresh cuts invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are: gully and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands, and destruction of vegetation, crops and property at downhill. The impact from spoil disposal will be direct nature, medium in magnitude, local in extend, medium term in duration with significant impact. c. Air and Dust Pollution 87. During the upgrading activities of the road, dusts and smoke will be emitted. Roadside dwellers, travelers, and workers will be adversely affected by dust and smoke from operation of grinder/mixer plant, transportation of materials, operation of heavy equipment and bitumen heating. As most of the construction work will be carried out during dry season, dust emission is expected to be reasonably high. Use of machineries during earthworks and pavement works is the most likely source of dust pollution. The envisaged impact is direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration with insignificant impact. d. Water Pollution 88. During the construction stage, the adjoining water bodies are at risk of being affected due to construction activities i.e. surface runoffs, pollution from vehicles (oil changes/spills, fuel leaks etc.) and waste from the labor camps. The anticipated impacts on water bodies will be direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration with insignificant impact. e. Noise and Vibration 89. At present, the sub-project area does not experience noise pollution. However, during construction, the increased construction activities mainly movement of heavy equipment (i.e. roller, tipper and asphalt paver etc.) and the operation of construction plants may cause noise nuisance to local nearby residence. There may be vibration effects along the road alignment. The anticipated impacts will be direct in nature, low in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration with insignificant impact.

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f. Slope Instability and Soil Erosion 90. Removal of vegetation and open cuts with soil exposed to rain will cause soil erosion as well as landslides. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. Ch 8+600 to 10+000 is comparatively instable area along the road. The likely impact of slope instability and soil erosion will be direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent and medium term in duration with insignificant impact. g. Impact due to Quarrying 91. There are no Quarry sites along the road. All the required materials will be bought from market and government approved quarry sites. h. Impact due to Camp Sites 92. Camp is required for workers during the construction phase. The camp site is constructed at the chainage 4+900. Establishment of camp may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid waste and waste water problems. The impacts will be direct in nature, medium in magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration with significant impact. i. Solid Waste Generation 93. The construction crew involved in sub-project will produce daily amount of solid waste mostly in the form of packaging materials for foods, clothing, other consumables (like cigarettes, tobacco, water bottles, chewing gums, alcohols and beverages etc.) and also as kitchen by-product. The envisaged impacts are direct, low in magnitude, site specific, short term with insignificant impact.

Operation Phase a. Water Pollution 94. The practices connected with car/truck washing in streams, near wells and springs including repair on the road has the potential to cause local water pollution and damage to road surface by leakage/spills of fuel, lubricants and hydrocarbons that may not only affect the aesthetic value of water bodies but also have some detrimental effects on the health of people and animals relying on these sources. The impacts will be of direct nature, low magnitude, site specific and medium term in nature with insignificant impact.

5.2.2. Biological Environment Construction Phase a. Loss of Tree, vegetation and Forest Area 95. In total about 0.36 ha forest will be affected due to this sub-project. 72 from CF (37 from Kusum CF and 35 from Lambodanda CF) need to be cut down. Similarly, 122 trees are to be cut from private land. Detail is given in Appendix X. There is chance of haphazard spoil disposal around forest area, causing further vegetation loss. This is an impact of direct in nature, medium magnitude, site specific and long term in duration with insignificant impact.

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b. Impacts on Wildlife and Habitats 96. Construction activities along the road may disturb wildlife and bird species present in surrounding forests along the road corridor. Also, there is the possibility of hunting of wild animals and birds by the labors engaged in road construction. Thus the impact is of indirect, low in magnitude, site specific, short term in nature with insignificant impact. c. Impacts on Fauna (as listed in CITES and IUCN Red Data Book) 97. The construction of road may disturb wildlife and bird species present along the road corridor due to increased noise level. Dumsi (Hystrix indica), Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Shyal (Canis aureus), Lokharke (Ratufa bicolar), Nyaurimusa (Herpestis edwardsii) are in IUCN list from lest concern to vulnerable. The impact will be direct, low, local and short term in nature with insignificant impact.

Operation Phase a. Forest Fire 98. With increase human influence in forest area there is the chances of increase forest fire intentionally or unknowingly. The impact will be indirect, low, site specific and long term in nature with insignificant impact. b. Impact on Wildlife 99. Although the wildlife population is reported low, they may be disturbed due to the frequent movement of the vehicles. Vehicular flow, horn blowing in the forest area along the road corridor will have impact on the wildlife and bird species. The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature with insignificant impact.

5.2.3. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Construction Phase a. Loss of Private Land 100. The sub-project needs to acquire the private land property in corridor of impact. Further 0.81 ha (113 plots) of land will be acquired during construction of the road. The average landholding of AP is 0.41 ha and there is an average loss of 0.001 ha of land. However, there is no standing crop loss. Please refer Appendix XI for list of AP. These impacts will be of direct, local, low in magnitude, and long-term in nature with significant impact. b. Impact on Private Structure 101. During construction phase, 4 houses at the chainage 7+340, 7+380, 7+440, 7+620, 8 Tahara at chainage 4+000, 4+200, 7+200, 7+300, 7+310, 7+500 (Right and Left) and 7+610 will be affected, refer Table 21 These impacts will be of direct, low in magnitude, local, long- term and significant impact.

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Table 21: Affected Structure along the Road S.N Chainage Name of Aps Structure Total Affected Storey type Area Area (Sqm) (Sqm) 1 4+000 Sangram Singh Tahara 60.72 22.44 1 Syangbo 2 4+200 Soma Lamini Tahara 32.34 14.7 1 3 7+200 Bhim Bdr Tamang Tahara 30.6 18 1 4 7+300 Sukra Bdr Tamang Tahara 17.08 12.2 1 5 7+310 Jite Tamang Tahara 17.64 8.4 1 6 7+340 Tirtha Bahadhur House 50.41 3.55 2 Tamang 7 7+380 Bhola Damai House 34.16 5.6 2 8 7+440 Santu House 47.17 7.12 2 Tamang 9 7+500 Sano Kancha Tahara 17.92 3.36 1 Tamang 10 7+500 Sano Kancha Tahara 21 7.8 1 Tamang 11 7+610 Man Bhr/Jeet Bhr Tahara 21.45 4.4 1 Tamang 12 7+620 Ngang Pasang House 99 3.3 1 Sherpa c. Impact on Public Structure: 102. During construction phase, 1 buildings of Bishambhara Bachat Sanstha at the chainage 3+400 will be affected, refer Table 22. These impacts will be of direct, low in magnitude, local, long-term and significant impact.

Table 22: Affected Public Structure S.N Chainage Name of APs Structure Total Area Affected Storey type (Sqm) Area (Sqm) 1 3+400 Bishambhara House 31.98 10.14 1 Bachat Sanstha d. Occupational Health and Safety 103. During the construction phase, the workers will be exposed to various health risks and hazards while working without adequate safety measures and equipment. Typical health hazards will be encountered during handling of hazardous materials, machinery movement, and bitumen works etc. Other potential impacts to health are respiratory and eye diseases due to exposure to dust and emissions. Most of the impacts related to this will be of indirect, low significance, site specific, short-term in nature with insignificant impact.

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e. Social Conflicts 104. Increased income of local workers and construction crews of the contractor can lead to negative impacts such as spread of alcohol consumption and gambling. These impacts leading possibly to social and cultural conflicts will be indirect, low in magnitude, local and short-term in nature with insignificant impact. f. Obstruction to Social Services and Facilities 105. Influx of construction workforce will exert some pressure on existing local social service facilities such water supply, solid waste management, etc. However, the impacts will be indirect, low in magnitude, local and short-term in nature with insignificant impact. g. Impact on Cultural, Religious and Historical Sites 106. No cultural, religious or historical sites within COI.

Operation Phase a. Traffic Accidents 107. Chances of road accidents might increase due to the operation of road, particularly involving children who often revisits for recreational purposes. Inadequate provisions of road safety measures such as road safety signals and informatory signs, lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. The anticipated impacts will be direct, of low magnitude, site specific and medium-term in nature with insignificant impact. b. Cultural Invasion and Social Disputes 108. Inflow of people from around the surrounding area along the RoW of the proposed road alignment during the operation stage will bring drastic differentiation on the local culture. Large number of local people would change their culture and this cultural transformation is likely to bring conflict in the community. This impact is indirect, low significance, site specific and medium-term in duration with insignificant impact. c. Encroachment of Land and Ribbon Settlement Development 109. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach COI. The impact will be direct, medium, local, long term with significant impact.

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6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS 6.1. Sub-project Alternative 110. This is referred to as the other modes of transportation network to be built, which include trails, ropeways and other modes of transportation. The proposed road is to be upgraded to enhance the access of local people and has minimum adverse impacts on the environment. At the same time, it can be utilized for vehicular movement. Therefore, the proposed road, which would provide improved access to market centers through safe mode of transportation goods and services produced within the area, would be the best option to serve the purposes of transportation requirement, and environmental conservation.

6.2. Alternative Route 111. The alignment of the road Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot road is existing and the main propose of the proposal is upgrading to bituminous paved road with improvement in horizontal and vertical alignment. The improvement measures have minimum environmental impacts and it does not need additional land and clearance of trees in bulk amount. Hence, new alternative alignment is not feasible and proposed alignment is a best option.

6.3. Alternative Design and Construction Approach 112. The road sub-project is proposed for construction through NCB approach by using local labour and spoil disposal is balanced with cutting and filling as far as possible. There will be minimum use of excavator, rock breaker, compacter, roller and truck for road construction. Simple dry stone walls, gabion walls and stone causeways are used to the maximum extent possible.

6.4. Alternative Resources 113. The materials required to upgrade a propose road will mainly include boulders for gabions and stone for dry masonry wall, gabion wires, aggregates of different sizes for sub- base, base course, asphalt concrete and concreting. Other local resources will be sand retrieved from local river beds and banks. Moreover, Reinforcement bars and cement will also be used in upgrading activities. The proposed upgrading will emphasize on the use of local materials as far as possible. There are no cost-effective alternatives to the selected materials.

6.5. No Action Option 114. This alternative does not allow for the implementation of the Proposal. This alternative has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment. If the proposal is not implemented, the transportation time and cost for the local people to the district headquarter and markets and vice versa will continue to remain at present rate and hardship of people will continue. The no action option will conserve some of the environmental adverse impacts at the cost of poverty and in accessibility of the people.

6.6. No Forest Alternative 115. This is existing track and proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road already crossed two CF. The widening of the road to prescribed standard is expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the road to avoid forest

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area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase compensation and resettlement cost. Therefore no forest alternative has been considered for this road sub-sub- project. However, the use of forest land is limited to formation width only.

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7. Environmental Impact Augmentation, Mitigation and Minimization Measures 116. This chapter presents the measures and actions proposed for augmenting the identified beneficial aspects of the road development sub-project, as well as proposing a set of mitigation and precautionary measures to minimize or set off the potential adverse impacts.

7.1. Beneficial Impacts Augmentation Measures Construction phase a. Employment Opportunity 117. No benefit Augmentation has been planned. b. Enterprise Development and Business Promotion 118. No benefit Augmentation has been planned. c. Rent from Land Acquired Temporarily during Construction 119. No benefit Augmentation has been planned. d. Women Empowerment 120. Following benefit augmentation measures will be implemented.

 Conduction of awareness raising training within project area. NRs. 150,000.00 has been allocate for awareness raising training and separate GESI action plan has been prepared.  Effective communication with contractor for to meet 20 % woman employment target. e. Tourism Promotion and Home stay 121. Homestay training will be provided at Karttike (around Ch 8+000) to promote tourism around sub-project area. NRs. 150,000.00 has been allocated for homestay training. f. Skill Development of Workers 122. No benefit Augmentation has been planned.

Operational Phase a. Better Access 123. No benefit Augmentation has been planned. b. Increase Land values 124. No benefit Augmentation has been planned. c. Market Development Opportunity 125. No benefit Augmentation has been planned.

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7.2. Adverse Impact 7.2.1. Physical Environment Construction Phase a. Land Use Change 126. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of private and forest land. However, following measures are suggested.

 Applying additional protective measures that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion.  Stabilization of cut slopes with bio-engineering b. Hazards due to Spoil Disposal 127. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 Separation and utilization of top soil  Preparation of spoil management plan  Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil.  Proper management of spoils, recommended site is at 27°43'30.01"N, 85°30'13.82"E and 27°43'46.75"N, 85°30'39.27"E. Please refer Appendix VII b. c. Air and Dust Pollution 128. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 Use of face mask while working on dust prone areas  Covering of dust sources  water spreading near settlement area d. Water Pollution 129. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 Proper spoil management  Restriction in urination and defecation in open areas and water bodies. e. Noise and Vibration 130. Restrict horn near sites, school, health posts etc.. f. Slope Instability and Soil Erosion 131. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 Stone masonry wall, gabion wall and other engineering structure will be used to prevent landslides and manage slope. Detail is given in Appendix VII c, d.  Different bioengineering works at tipping side and land instable area from chainage 8+600 to 10+000 (917.28 m2 dry stone toe wall, 218.19 m2 gabion toe wall, 1480 rm brush layering with assuro, simali; 3200 m2 rooted grass slips) .

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g. Impact due to Quarrying 132. There are no Quarry sites along the road and therefore, no mitigations are proposed. h. Impact due to Camp Sites 133. Camp sites will be managed with following measures.

 Proper ventilation in camp site  Provision of temporary toilet  Solid waste management at camp site  Use of LPG/kerosene for cooking i. Solid Waste Generation 134. Waste Management training in the settlement along the road followed by provision of bins along the road has been proposed. NRs 150,000.00 has been allocated for the propose activities.

Operation Phase a. Water Pollution 135. Vehicle washing in natural streams, throwing of solid waste near streams will be discouraged to prevent water pollution

7.2.2. Biological Environment Construction Phase a. Loss of Tree, Vegetation and Forest Area 136. The following mitigation is proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the road construction.

 Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC.  After approval of tree cutting plan, trees will be felled by CFUG  Forest site clearance for construction will be limited to minimum width of road.

137. According to the working procedure to use national forest area for national priority projects, 2074 B.S (2017 A.D), the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office. Total 1,800 seedlings (925 in Kusum CF and 875 in Lambodansa CF) have to be planted against the loss of 72 tree loss from these 2 CFs as compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs. 313,902 (NRs. 161,311 in Kusum CF and NRs.152,591 in Lambodanda CF ). Similarly, 122 trees will be planted with estimated cost of NRs. 8765.7 in private land. Therefore, total 1922 seedlings will be planted against 194 tree loss with estimated cost of NRs. 322,667.70. Roadside plantation will also be done along the road with estimated cost of NRs. 350,000.00. Detail is given in Appendix X.

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b. Impacts on Wildlife and Habitats 138. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 Work only in day time so that no disturbance to wildlife

 Awareness programme1* about the importance of wildlife, allocation of budget is NRs. 100,00.00 c. Impacts on Fauna (as listed in CITES and IUCN Red Data Book) 139. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 prohibiting workers for hunting/harassing wildlife  Awareness programme* about the importance of wildlife, allocation of budget is NRs. 100,00.00

Operation Phase a. Forest Fire 140. Awareness programme* about the cause of forest fire and precautionary measures, allocation of budget is NRs. 100,00.00 b. Impact on Wildlife 141. Warning traffic signal, awareness programme (NRs. 100,000.00) to drivers to limit speed and horn use

7.2.3. Socio-economic Environment Construction Phase a. Loss of Private Land 142. Compensation to affected people and NSTB level 1** training to APs (selected through training need assessment) with NRs. 89,284,901.15 for land compensation and **NRs. 800,000.00 for NSTB training has been proposed b. Impact on Private Structure 143. Compensation to affected people, NSTB level 1** training to APs (selected through training need assessment) with NRs. 6,404,946.28 for compensation against 4 houses, NRs. 207,000.00 for material transportation cost for all 12 structures and **NRs. 800,000.00 for NSTB training has been proposed.

*one/two awareness progrmme will be conducted with allocated NRs. 100,00.00

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c. Impact on Public Structure 144. Compensation to Bishambhara Bachat Sanstha for loss of structure and land. NRs. 660,898.68 for compensation and NRs. 17,250.00 for transportation of materials have been proposed. d. Occupational Health and Safety of Workers 145. The following mitigation measures will be adopted.

 First aid facility at sites with health treatment arrangements  Proper drinking water and toilet facility for construction workers  Provision of safety gears (helmet, face masks, goggles, gloves, boots)  Provision of accidental insurance of workers e. Social Conflicts 146. Workers will be made aware of possible conflict. The orientation/interaction program will be organized. Similarly, the labor will comply with the code of conduct. f. Obstruction to Social Services and Facilities 147. Find the alternative source of the social services like drinking water. g. Impact on Cultural, Religious and Historical Sites 148. No cultural, religious or historical sites within COI and therefore no mitigation are proposed.

Operation Phase a. Traffic Accidents 149. Appropriate road safety measures, safety sign boards along the road will be installed. b. Cultural Invasion and Social Disputes 150. Conduction of awareness programme* (NRs. 100,000.00) about the importance of the culture has been proposed. c. Encroachment of Land and Ribbon Settlement Development 151. Following mitigations measures will be adopted.

 Conduction of awareness programme* (NRs. 100,000.00)  enforcement of law  Roadside plantation in COI.

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8. Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Sub-project

152. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following legislative provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the sub-project, refer Table 23.

Table 23: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines

A Constitution

The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.

B Plans and Policies

National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.

Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic condition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.

Fourteenth Plan, 2073/74-2075/76 B.S.: Aimed for economic growth through infrastructure development, commercialization of agriculture and social development. Regarding the road transportation, it has aimed to rehabilitate and reconstruct the road damaged by earthquake. The concept of greenery on either side of road has been introduced and environmental consideration during construction and maintenance of road is pointed.

ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.

20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision

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of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries

Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like Screening, IEE,EIA and Monitoring.

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action.

C Acts

Act Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31).

Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.

Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities

Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities.

Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting

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any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.

The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety.

Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done

Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.

National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.

D Rules and Regulations

Rule Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee.

Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.

Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid.

E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others

Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.

Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and

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rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA.

The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval.

Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO.

ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans.

ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS.

Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.

Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows:  Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process.  Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.  Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.  Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.  Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment.

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Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.

National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.

Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.

Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure.

APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.

Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction.

Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio- economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio- economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage.

Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes nad forest fire

National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.):

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Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.

F International Conventions

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade.

Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.

Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.

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9. Environmental Management Plan 153. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.

9.1. Institutions and Their Roles 154. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and roles of these institutions are given in Table 24. The environmental management organizational structure is given in Figure 5.

Table 24: Institutions and Their Roles

Institution Role Responsibility in the Project

National Executive agency and  To review and approve IEE Report Reconstruction concerned IEE approval  Conduct environmental monitoring Authority authority as per act relating to from central level. reconstruction of earthquake affected structure/ rule relating to reconstruction of earthquake affected structure.

MoFALD Co-ordination of project activities  Representation in IEE review team with EEAP constituted by NRA  Conduct environmental monitoring from district level.

CLPIU - EEAP Co-ordinationof project activities  Technical Unit to support and from center coordinate all activities for implementation of EEAP.  Review, comment and forward ToR for IEE and IEE report to ADB for concurrence and to NRA for approval.

CISC Support consultant at Central  Technical and management support Level. to CLPIU-EEAP  Supervises and monitors project consultants and contractors.  Implements and monitor resettlement plans and IEEs for the relevant sub-project s and prepares consolidated reports on these.  Ensures timely and effective

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Institution Role Responsibility in the Project

implementation of the activities set out in the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Plan.  Prepares progress reports, as outlined in PAM

District Level DLPIU is project implementing  Prepare ToR for IEE and submit for Project agency in district approval to NRA through CLPIU Implementation  Conduct IEE study, public Unit consultation and prepare draft IEE and public disclosure and then submit for concurrence from ADB and approval from NRA through CLPIU  Implement IEE and EMP of sub- projects and conduct environmental monitoring and reporting.

District Supporting consultants at district  Technical and management support Implementation level to DLPIU for the implementation of Support project activities in the districts. Consultant Responsible for supervision and monitoring at field level.

Grievance Support in addressing  Responsible for addressing Redress grievances caused due to road grievances due to road construction Committee construction related to which affects their livelihood. environment.

Project Provides overarching guidance  Monitors and reviews project Steering and policy level support to the performance at an Committee project. inter-ministerial level and addresses key policy related issues.  Ensures collaboration and cooperation among central level agencies.

155. To support for smooth implementation of the project, there are various district level committees and groups including DLPIU, DISC to support the project.

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Government of Nepal ADB, SDC National Reconstruction Authority (NRA)

Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local/ PCC

CLPIU-EEAP CISC Environment safeguard focal Environment Safeguard Unit person (Environment Specialist)

DLPIU

 CDE DFO/CFUG  Engineers DISC  Accountant

Contractor

Figure 5: Environnemental Management Organisation Structure

9.2. Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures 156. The DLPIU will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 7. Various agencies including DISC, local bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DLPIU for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 25 and 26.

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Table 25: Beneficial Impacts, Their Significance and Augmentation Measures

Impact of Sub-project Enhancement Impact Evaluation Responsible Agencies Cost (Remarks Measure if any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Construction Stage

Employment  Requirement of  No benefit D H LC ST VS DLPIU/ CLPIU/ No additional opportunity 34,624 skilled and 55,553 augmentation 60 20 05 85 Contractor DISC/CISC cost unskilled person days measures planned

Enterprises  No. of enterprises  No benefit D M LC LT S 60 DLPIU CLPIU/ No additional development like food and tea shops, augmentation 20 20 20 DISC/CISC cost and business groceries, lodges and measures planned promotion restaurants will increase to serve labor groups, construction crew and sub-project team

Rent from land  Increase in  No benefit D L SS ST IS DLPIU/ CLPIU/ No additional income due to rent augmentation 10 10 05 25 Contractor DISC/CISC cost against temporary use of measures planned private land for campsite and stockpile the construction materials

Women  20% woman  Awareness IN M LC LT S 60 DLPIU/ CLPIU/ NRs. empowerment involvement target in civil raising training, 20 20 20 Contractor DISC/CISC 150,000.00 work, compensatory  effective (separate GESI plantation and bio- communication with action plan has engineering contractors for been prepared) woman involvement

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Impact of Sub-project Enhancement Impact Evaluation Responsible Agencies Cost (Remarks Measure if any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Tourism  Route to touristic  Homestay D H LC LT HS DLPIU CLPIU/ NRs. promotion and point Nagarkot through training will be 60 20 20 100 DISC/CISC 150,000.00 home stay ancient town provided at Karttike (around Ch 8+000)

Skill  Labour will  No benefit IN M LC LT S 60 DLPIU CLPIU/ No additional development of enhance skill on road augmentation 20 20 20 DISC/CISC cost workers construction measures planned Operation Stage

Better  Reduced travel time and  No D H LC LT HS Municipality Municipality No additional access cost benefit 60 20 20 100 cost augmentation

measures planned

Increased  Conversion of agriculture  No IN M LC LT S 60 Municipality Municipality No additional land value land into commercial land benefit 20 20 20 cost augmentation measures planned

Market  Easy access to seeds  No IN H R LT HS Municipality Municipality No additional development and saplings of horticultural benefit 60 60 20 140 cost opportunity crops, farming tools, improved augmentation breed of animal species will measures buttress the development of planned market

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Table 26: Adverse Impacts, Their Sgnificance and Mitigations Measures

Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Physical Environment Construction Stage Land use change  0.36 ha of forest  Applying measures to D M LC MT S Contractor/ DISC/ Included in BoQ area, 0.81 ha of agriculture control further loss of land 20 20 10 50 DLPIU CLPIU/ CISC land and about 0.29 ha of  Stabilization of cut barren land and 0.70 ha slopes with bio-engineering settlement land will be permanently converted into road Hazards due to  Triggering for  Separation and D M LC MT S Contractor/ DISC/ Included in BoQ spoil disposal erosion, damage to farm utilization of top soil 20 20 10 50 DLPIU CLPIU/ CISC land, vegetation and  Preparation of spoil property at downhill. management plan  Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil.  Proper management of spoils, recommended site is at 27°43'30.01"N, 85°30'13.82"E and 27°43'46.75"N, 85°30'39.27"E. Please refer Appendix VII b.

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Air and Dust  Roadside dwellers,  Use of face mask D L LC ST IS Contractor/ DISC/ Included in BoQ pollution workers will be adversely while working on dust prone 10 20 05 35 DLPIU CLPIU/ CISC affected due to air pollution areas, covering of dust caused by operation of sources, water spreading grinder/mixer plant, transportation of materials, operation of heavy equipment and bitumen heating Water pollution  surface runoffs,  Proper spoil D L LC ST IS Contractor/ DISC/CLPIU/ No additional cost pollution from vehicles (oil management and restriction 10 20 05 35 DLPIU CISC changes/spills, fuel leaks in urination and defecation in etc.) and waste from the open areas and water bodies labor camps can cause water pollution at adjoining water bodies.

Noise and  Noise and vibration  Restrict horn near D L L20 ST IS Contractor/ DISC/CLPIU/ No additional cost vibration due to movement of heavy sites, school, health posts 10 05 35 DLPIU CISC equipment etc. Slope instability  Ch 8+600 to  Stone masonry wall, D M LC MT S Contractor/ DISC/CLPIU/ Included in BoQ and soil erosion 10+000 is comparatively gabion wall and other 20 20 10 50 DLPIU CISC (NRs. instable area along the engineering structure will be 4,776,115.61 for road used to prevent landslides bio-engineering) and manage slope. Detail is given in Appendix VII c, d

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

 Bioengineering works at tipping side and land instable area from chainage 8+600 to 10+000 (917.28 m2 dry stone toe wall, 218.19 m2 gabion toe wall, 1480 rm brush layering with assuro,simali, 3200 m2 rooted grass slips) Impact due to  Proposed camp  proper ventilation, D M LC ST S Contractor/ DISC Included in BoQ camp sites site at Ch 4+900. temporary toilet, solid waste 20 20 5 45 DLPIU /CLPIU/ management, use of CISC LPG/kerosense for cooking Solid waste  Waste generation  Waste Management D L SS ST IS Contractor/ DISC/ 150,000.00 generation from packaging materials training followed by provision 10 10 05 25 DLPIU CLPIU/ CISC for foods, clothing, other of bins along the road consumables and food left over. Operation Stage Water pollution  vehicle washing in  Discouragement to D L SS MT IS Municipality Municipality No additional cost streams, near wells and vvehicle washing and 10 10 10 30 springs throwing of solid waste in stream Biological Environment

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Construction Stage

Loss of tree,  Loss 194 trees (72  Forestry clearance D M SS LT S CFUGs/ DFO//DISC/ NRs. 322,667.7 vegetation and from CF and 122 from will be obtained from the 20 10 20 50 DLPIU CLPIU/CIS has been forest area private land) and 0.36 ha DFO and tree cutting will be C allocated for forest, haphazard spoil minimized to formation width. compensatory disposal  Compensatory plantation and plantation (1,922) of plants NRs. 350,000.00 will be done. Detail is given for roadside in Appendix Xa-f. plantation.  Roadside plantation will be done along the road. Disturbance to  Construction  Work only in day time IN L SS ST IS Contractor/ DFO/ NRs. 100,00.00 * wildlife activities and hunting so that no disturbance to 10 10 05 35 DLPIU CFUGs/ behaviours of labour wildlife, awareness DISC/ CISC programme* about the importance of wildlife. Impact on fauna  Impact due to noise  prohibiting workers D L LC ST IS Contractor/ DFO/ NRs. 100,00.00 * (as listed in in fauna (recorded as least for hunting/harassing wildlife, 10 20 5 35 DLPIU CFUGs/ CITES and IUCN concerned, vulnerable in awareness programme* DISC/ CISC Red Data Book) IUCN red data book and about the importance of Appendix III of CITES) protected species

Operation stage

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Forest fire  With increase  awareness IN L SS MT IS Municipality Municipality NRs. 100,00.00 * human influence in forest programme* against forest 10 10 20 40 area, there is the chances fire of accidental or intentional forest fire Impact on wildlife  Disturbance due to  Warning traffic signal, IN L LC ST IS Municipality Municipality NRs. 100,00.00 * frequent vehicular awareness programme to 10 20 05 35 movement drivers to limit speed and horn use Socio-economic and cultural environment

Construction Stage

Loss of land  0.81 ha (113 plots)  Compensation to D L LC LT S DLPIU CDC2/ DISC/ NRs. of land need to be affected people, NSTB level 10 20 20 50 CISC/CLPIU 89,284,901.15 for acquired, average loss of 1* training to APs (selected land 0.001 ha of land by Aps. through training need compensation and However, there is no assessment) **NRs. standing crop loss 800,000.00 for NSTB training

2The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1991 specify the establishment of an Acquisition and Construction Committee (also known as Compensation Determination Committee, “CDC”) for fixing the rate of compensation of private properties to be acquired, consisting of the concerned Chief District Officer (Chair), Land Revenue Officer, representative of then DDC and the Project Manager and others as deemed necessary.

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Impact on private  4 houses at the  Compensation to D L LC LT S DLPIU CDC/ DISC/ NRs. structure chainage 7+340, 7+380, affected people, NSTB level 10 20 20 50 CISC/CLPIU 6,404,946.28 for 7+440, 7+620, 8 Tahara at 1* training to Aps (selected compensation chainage 4+000, 4+200, through training need against 4 houses, 7+200, 7+300, 7+310, assessment) NRs. 207,000.00 7+500 (Right and Left) and for material 7+610 will be affected transportation cost for all 12 structures and **NRs. 800,000.00 for NSTB training Impact on public  1 community  Compensation to D L LC LT S DLPIU CDC/DISC/ NRs. 660,898.68 structure buildings at the chainage Bishambhara Bachat 10 20 20 50 CISC/CLPIU compensation and 3+400 Sanstha for loss of structure NRs. 17,250.00 for transportation and land of materials. Occupational  Risk to labour due  First aid facility at IN L SS ST IS DLPIU/ DISC/ CISC Included in BoQ health and safety to inadequate safety sites with health treatment 10 10 05 25 Contractor /CLPIU of workers measures and equipment arrangements, proper while handling machinery drinking water and toilet movement, and bitumen facility for construction works as well as workers, safety gears respiratory and eye (helmet, face masks, boots) diseases due to exposure and accidental insurance of to dust and emissions workers

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Impact Mitigation Measure Impact Evaluation Responsibility for Cost( Remarks if Mitigation Measure any) Executing Supporting Agency Agency Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Significance

Social conflicts  Involvement of  To make workers IN L ST IS DCC CLPIU/DISC/ No additional cost. construction crew in aware of possible conflict. 10 LC 05 35 /Contractor CISC conflict due to alcohol The orientation/interaction 20 consumption and gambling program will be organized. Similarly, the labor will comply with the code of conduct. Obstruction to  pressure on  Find the alternative IN L LC ST IS DCC DLPIU/ DISC/ CISC social service existing local social service source of the social services 10 20 05 35 /Contractor Contractor /CLPIU facilities facilities such water supply, like drinking water. solid waste management due to inflow of workers Operation Stage traffic accidents  Accidental case due  Appropriate road D L SS MT IS Municipality Municipality Included in BoQ to inadequate road safety safety measures, safety sign 10 10 10 30 signals boards along the road. Cultural invasion  Cultural  awareness IN L SS MT IS Municipality Municipality NRs. 100,00.00 * and social transformation due to inflow programme* about the 10 10 10 30 disputes of people from other area importance of the culture Land  Encroachment of  awareness D M LC LT S Municipality Municipality NRs. 100,00.00 * encroachment COI for opportunity of trade programme*, enforcement of 20 20 20 60 and ribbon and commerce law, roadside plantation in settlement COI development

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9.3. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities 157. The CLPIUs, with the DLPIU and CISC will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the sub-project’s risks and impacts and will be identified in the IEEs. In addition to recording information of the work, deviation of work components from original scope, the CLPIUs with the DLPIUs will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome.

158. DSCs will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CLPIUs, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. CLPIUs will submit the quarterly monitoring and implementation reports to the PMU. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. Sub-project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.

159. The PMU will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, and reflect them in a corrective action plan. The PMU, in each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the executing agency.

160. ADB will review project performance against the executing agency’s commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the sub-project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation.

 Conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental impacts;  Review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with ADB;  Work with executing agency to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and  Prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.

9.4. Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal 161. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during sub-project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.

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162. The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and Working Procedure Related to EIA for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structure, 2016 require monitoring plans and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The following sub- sections deal with the various components of the monitoring programme in order to promote the full integration of monitoring activities in sub-project works and implementation.

9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring 163. Baseline monitoring helps to update the baseline information collected during IEE/EIA study when there is a significant time gap between IEE/EIA approval and proposal implementation. In general, it is carried out if there is a significant time lapse between the preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or a change in environmental quality is noticeable. This sub-project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for this sub-project.

9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring 164. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.

165. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.

166. The borrower’s compliance with covenants will be monitored through ADB’s project administration missions – including the project inception mission, when the loan covenants’ compliance timetable will be discussed and agreed upon. Project review missions will appraise the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants vis-à-vis the timetable agreed in the loan agreement. Non-compliance or delay in compliance will be discussed and remedial measures shall be proposed to GoN for timely compliance. If required, the midterm review mission will review compliance of loan covenants and also assess whether the set of covenants are still relevant or need to be revised or waived due to changes in circumstances; if so, the mission will recommend revisions or waivers for consideration of ADB and GoN.

9.4.3. Impact Monitoring 167. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to assess the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of the sub-project construction phase or within three years of sub-project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures. This will also focus on the stability of slopes; spoil disposal sites, work camps and labour camps, wastes on the local environment. The utilization of cash compensation to the extent possible, condition of the forest in the vicinity of the sub-project area, water management, damage to human facilities, incremental change in production of high value commodities, increase in other sources of income, employment generation, road side plantation, social status, impediment to wildlife movement, etc.

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9.5. Monitoring Parameters 168. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts will be made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.

9.5.1. Pre-construction Phase 169. During this phase the Consultant (DLPIU) bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the sub-project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.

9.5.2. Construction Phase 170. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include as following.

 Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed;  Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in propose rectifying measures as needed;  Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions;  Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs;  Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences;  Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences;  Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife;  Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing education campaigns;  Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities;  Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties;  Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.

9.5.3. Operation Phase 171. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include as following.

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 Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development;  Verify and quantify resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;  Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed.  Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control;  Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources;  Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by sub-project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs;  Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences;  Verify the success/failure of skill development and job opportunities’ training carried out ;  Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife.

9.6. Monitoring Indicators 172. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 27 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.

Table 27: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE

Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring

Soils, landslides, . Number, location and extent of slope failures erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage Bio-engineering . Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering, disaggregated by protective function Water pollution, water . Blockage of waterways – extent and secondary impacts resources and their . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste and uses spoil . Damage to farm lands Air and noise level in . Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation and relation to traffic volume interview with stakeholders . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements

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Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring

Road safety . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the traffic police and in local health service centers . Suitability of local road signs Wildlife habitat . Numbers of road accidents inflicting wildlife disturbance, impacts on . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife trade forest resources . Observations and handling of invasive species.

Socio-economic . Number and extent of new settlements /types and ethnic development near road groups . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities Resettled households . Number of HHs resettled and livelihood . Income situation and opportunities for the resettlers restoration . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers

9.6.1. Monitoring Activities and Methods The following Table 28 and 29 identifies the specific compliance and impact monitoring activities. Phase-wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the sub-project.

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Table 28: Impact Monitoring of the Sub-project

Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Implementation and Methods Monitoring Agency

Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During DLPIU/CLPIU degradation of production/yield; status of road side collection and analysis houses construction farmland, houses houses; status of standing crop and interview with and properties along alignment stakeholders

Disposal of spoils Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific locations During Contractor/ DLPIU and construction forest and agriculture land, initiated interviews, photos where such sites construction wastes land erosion by local blocked occur drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands

Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, During and at the Contractor/ DLPIU of disturbed engineering application on disturbed inspection of nursery and where vegetation is end of sub-project slopes slope; establishment of nursery its production rate, cleared; nursery construction photos, measurements sites

Water quality Observation of open defecation and Visual observation Local streams During Contractor/ DLPIU waste disposal around water construction sources near construction sites

Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction sites During Contractor/ DLPIU construction

Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, causes; Site observation, photos Near steep slopes Continuously Contractor/ DLPIU drainage facilities such as catch and at landslide during construction; Soil

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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Implementation and Methods Monitoring Agency and erosion drain, side drains and functionality discussion with people areas and sites construction and Conservation Office of cross drainage structures; fresh and technicians operation during operation gullies and erosion; success/failure of bio-engineering solutions

Use of bitumen Storage of bitumen along the road, Visual inspection, In and around the During DLPIU/Contractor and their storage, use of fuel while heating, use of measurement, and construction sites construction heating, PPE while spreading comparison with spreading baseline data, tests

Forest and Numbers of trees cut, signs of illicit Observations, In and around the During DLPIU/DFO during vegetation logging and extraction of NTFPs DFO/CFUGs records, construction sites, construction and construction; photos Operation DFO/ Municipality during operation

Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year DLPIU/DFO/CFUGs work force, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO and roadside during during construction; accidents inflicting wildlife construction and DFO/CFUGs/DCC observations routine during during operation operation

Change in Numbers of people employed by the Records kept by the sub- ZOI Trimester during DLPIU/CLPIU economy sub-project during construction, project management, construction numbers of women in work forces discussion with phase stakeholders

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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Implementation and Methods Monitoring Agency

Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DCC/DTO/DLPIU/Mu commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area nicipality land spaces

Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, photos, In and around the During DLPIU/DCC/DTO safety and hazard occurred during construction; spot checks, contractors construction sites construction adequacy of occupational safety and health centre measured provided; compensation records interview with provided in case of fatal accidents workers

Change in socio- Number and extent of new Observations, interview Throughout sub- During operation DCC/DTO/ economic settlements/types and ethnic with local people, DDC, project area Municipality structure groups; nos. and extent of new Police and VDC records businesses; nos and extent of new services and utilities, social conflicts

Road safety traffic signboards, ROW Observation, photos, In and around the Throughout sub- DLPIU/Contractor measures and encroachment, type and number of spot check and RoW project, once in a road accidents accident occurred adequacy of interaction with local year occupational safety measures peoples provided

Cultural, religious Cultural and religious infrastructure, Records, Observation, Sub-project area During operation and historical people perception, practices Interview with local sites people,

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Table 29: Compliance Monitoring of the Sub-project

Parameters /Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency Land and property DLPIU, CDC with Cadastral records, land Public consultation, Initial stage pre- CLPIU acquisition and assistance of DISC and properties acquisition photos; geo- construction phase compensation procedures; verification referencing report

Site selection and DLPIU/Contractor Project’s arrangement for Site observation, Beginning of CLPIU preparation of materials storage, and geo-referencing and construction period construction logistics construction activities photographic documentation

Awareness and DLPIU/DISC Training programmes for Specifications; Beginning of CLPIU/CISC orientation training on skill development, training records, construction and road construction to occupational safety and check training during construction technicians, environmental protection programme reports, Contractors and associated with road assess feedback employed labours construction works from participants

Compliance to DLPIU/Contractor/ Health and safety Spot checks at work Throughout CLPIU/CISC occupational health DISC regulations, first aid and sites, photos, construction and safety matters medical arrangements, accident records, activities number and type of safety interviews equipments such as mask, helmet, glove, safety belt, accidental insurance

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Parameters /Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency Grievance Redress Contractor/DLPIU/ Project arrangements for No of complaints During construction CLPIU Mechanism DISC the affected people's and grievances concerns and grievances record about the project’s environmental and social performance

Vegetation clearance Contractor/ DISC Actual number of trees Record, inspection After detail design DLPIU/DFO/CFUGs felled during construction and interview with and before works CFUGs and local construction work people

Measures to avoid Contractor/ DISC Use of firewood or fossil Inspection, interview Once a month during DLPIU/DFO/CFUGs pressure on forest, fuel by construction crew, with local people construction wildlife and bird events of hunting and poaching of wildlife

Measures to protect Contractor/DLPIU Dust level and noise level Visual observation Once in a month CLPIU environment from air & at work sites, major and discussion with during construction noise pollution settlements and sensitive residents and spots like health centres workers and schools

Measures to protect Contractor/DLPIU Visual observation, Site inspection, Once in a month CLPIU water bodies from observation of open interview with local during construction; pollution defecation and waste people upon demand for disposal around water

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Parameters /Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency sources near construction testing with field kit sites

Adequate technical Contractor/DLPIU Adequate number of Check number and Twice a month CLPIU/CISC and environmental /DISC technicians regularly at type of technicians during construction supervision site with ability to available at site, skill implement labour based of work carried out, road construction concept discussion

Clean up and Contractor/DLPIU Decommissioned sites Site observation; At the end of CLPIU/CISC reinstatement of the /DISC indicate no comparing photos; construction period construction sites adverse/residual consultation with (camps) environmental impacts, land owners and and are rehabilitated to community based the satisfaction of the organizations supervisor and land owners

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9.7. Monitoring Cost 173. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 323,000 as given in Table 30

Table 30 : Environmental Monitoring Cost Manpower requirement Duration (days) Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs) Team Leader/ Environmental 7 5,000 35,000 Specialist Engineer 6 3,000 18,000 Forestry expert 6 3,000 18,000 Socio-economist 6 3,000 18,000 Support staff 6 1,500 9,000 Transportation cost LS 75,000 Report preparation LS 25,000 Central level monitoring LS 75,000 Instrumentation cost One time 50,000 Total 323,000

9.8. Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost 174. Most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and construction without additional cost. The total cost of environment mitigation cost is summarized in the Table 31 below.

Table 31: Cost for EMP SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1.1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1.1 Environmental awareness raising training 100,000.00 1.1.2 Compensatory plantation Cost 322,667.70 1.1.3 Road side plantation 350,000.00 1.1.5 Signboard 100,000.00 1.1.6 Solid waste management 150,000.00 1.1.7 Tourism development/homestay 150,000.00 1.1.8 Environmental monitoring cost 323,000.00 Sub-total(i) 1,495,667.70 1.2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Occupational health and safety (GPA insurance) 1,200,000.00 1.2.2 Bioengineering works 4,776,115.61 Sub-total(ii) 5,976,115.61 Total (i+ii) 7,471,783.31

175. The cost of Cross drainage, side drains and slope stabilization measures as civil engineering structure and bio engineering works are included in separate Bill of quantities.

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Moreover, compensation related expenses and GESI plan implementation expenditure will be addressed by separate Resettlement Plan (RP) and GESI Plan respectively.

9.9. Grievance Redress Mechanism 176. The objective the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible and at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign. The grievance redress process includes four levels:

177. First level of GRM: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractors, and design and supervision consultants on site. Prior to construction of any works, the CLPIU and DLPIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents and businesses of any temporary disturbances, and to inform them of the sub-project. If a local area committee (LAC) exists in the area, they should also be informed. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DLPIU can immediately resolve the complaint on site. The CLPIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CLPIU and DLPIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the sub-project works can contact the sub-project to file a complaint. The DLPIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards (environment and resettlement) focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DLPIU may seek the assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will notify the CLPIU safeguards focal person that a complaint was received, and whether it was resolved. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

178. Second level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved; the DLPIU will forward the complaint to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The person filing the grievance will be notified by DLPIU safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The CLPIU will address the grievance. Grievances will be resolved through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the CLPIU will answer queries and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts. Corrective measures will be under taken at the field level by the CLPIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

179. Third level of GRM: If the grievance remain unresolved, the CLPIU’s project director will activate the third level of the GRM by referring the issue (with written documentation) to a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) constituted by the EA, which will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the PMU, CLPIU, DLPIU, and affected

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persons. The GRC will consist of PMU leadership, affected persons, and local area committee, among others—determined to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues. The GRC should consist of at least five persons. A hearing will be called with the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The functions of the GRC are as follows: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The PMU safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.

180. Fourth level of GRM: In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the contractor, DISC, CLPIU, DLPIU or GRC, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance in the appropriate courts, the fourth level of the GRM, which is the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 6 below.

Grievance

Not redressed First Level: 1-2 days Grievance 1st Level Grievance Contractor, Redressed DISC, DLPIU

Not redressed CLPIU, CISC 2ndLevel Grievance 7 days Grievance Redressed Not redressed

Grievance 3rdLevel Grievance 15 days Redressed Grievance Redressed Committee

4thLevel Grievance Higher Authority/Court of Law

Figure 6: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism

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181. Safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second, and third levels), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as affected person, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e. open, closed, pending).

182. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU.

183. ADB’s accountability mechanism will also be explained to affected households.

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10. Conclusion and Recommendation 184. Environmental impacts of the proposed road sub-project are likely to have some effects associated with loss of forest and agricultural land. Most of the adverse impacts identified and predicted are of moderate significant and of short term in nature. The beneficial impacts with the women empowerment, improved access and reduced transport cost and enhancement of social services in the area are more significant and are long lasting. The implementation of enhancement and mitigations measures listed in EMP will help to enhance and reduce the negative impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural aspects respectively.

185. The sub-project attracts clause 1 and 2 of schedule 1 pertaining to section 3 of Working Procedure Relating Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structure, 2016. And the IEE has shown that none of the anticipated environmental impacts of constructing the road are significant enough to need a detailed follow-up EIA. Therefore, the road sub-project is recommended for implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and the environmental management plan.

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11. Bibliography Asian Development Bank. (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila: ADB. Asian Development Bank. (2015). Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistant Project. Manila: ADB. Asian Development Bank. (2015). Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistant Project. Manila: ADB. Central Beauro of Statistics. (2011). National Population and Housing Census 2011. Kathmandu: CBS. Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads. (1999). APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads. Kathmandu: DoLIDAR. Department of Road. (2003 ). REFERENCE MANUAL for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development. Kathmandu : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works . Government of Nepal. ( 2015). Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures. Kathmandu: Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Government of nepal. (1993). Forest Act. Kathmandu: Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Government of Nepal. (1997). Environment Protection Act. Kathmandu: Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Government of Nepal. (1997). Environment Protection Rule. Kathmandu.: Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Government of Nepal. (2013). Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework. Kathmandu: Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, GoN. Government of Nepal. (2016). Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures. Kathmandu: Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Government of Nepal. (2016). Working Procedure relating to EIA for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures. Kathmandu : Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN. Upreti, B. K. (2003). ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Process and Practice. Kathmandu.

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Appendices

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Appendix I: Approved ToR

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Appendix II: Public Notice

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English Translation of notice published

Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee, Kathmandu Public notice on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2071/01/08) Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, District Development Committe as the proponent under Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program-Phase (RRRSDP-2) of Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Roads (DoLIDAR) facilitating for the proposal operation after the upgrading of following roads. S.N Name of road Length Proposed VDC 1. Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road- Approx. 11 km Sakhu, Bajrayogini, Suntole 2 Gokarna-Baluwa-Tarebhir Road Approx. 11 km Gokarna, Baluwa 3 --Deurali- Approx. 9.2 Matatirtha, Fakel Kulekhani Road km 4 Jhor-Sangla-Kavresthali-Jitpurfedi Approx. 10 Jhor, Sangla, Kavresthali, Road km Jitpurfedi

Before implementation of the proposal, the IEE study is ongoing according to the Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2053 and Environment Protection Rule (EPR) 2054. In this regard, It is requested to provide comments and suggestions from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest office, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people about the impacts on the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of sub-project area. within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address.

Proponent: Consultant District Development Committee, ERMC Pvt. Ltd Kathmandu BabarMahal, Kathmandu Baneshwor, Kathmandu Tel. no. 01-4253519,4253881 Tel. no. 01-4483064, 9851199190 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

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Appendix III: Muchulka

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Appendix IV: Recommendation letter

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Appendix V: Records of Public Consultation

S. Name Occupation/ Address Contact No. Position 1. Mr. Gopal Kunwar Shopkeeper Shankharapur 9741012474 Municipality (then Suntol-8, Kathmandu) 2. Mr. Sher Gambhir President, Road Shankharapur 9741126918 Thapa Consumer Municipality (then Committee Suntol-8, Kathmandu) 3. Mr. Bidur Acharya Farmer Shankharapur Municipality (then Suntol-8, Kathmandu) 4. Mr. Bidur Malla Secretary, Road Shankharapur 9851009632 Thakuri Consumer Municipality (then Committee Suntol-8, Kathmandu) 5. Mr. Jayaram Social worker Shankharapur 9841631825 Acharya Municipality (then Suntol-8, Kathmandu)

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Appendix VI: Sub-project Cost a) Total civil work cost

S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity 1 GENERAL ITEMS 1.1 Insurance of works, plants, materials, L.S. 1.00 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00 loss and damage to equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and property as per GCC clause 13. 1.2 Provide site office at mid-section of month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00 the road having rooms size: 3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within the contract package with accommodation facilities as specified in special provision 1.3 Carry out additional tests for material PS 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 and works as required and instructed by the Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 1.4 Relocation of the utilities (water PS 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 supply, telephone, etc,) and services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G- 10. 1.5 Carry out maintenance of the existing month 18.00 30,000.00 540,000.00 road to keep the road serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. 1.6 Supply and provide rental Four month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00 Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup Vehicle with full option including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor maintenances etc for the Engineer for supervision works as specified 1.7 Provide and installation of project No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all complete as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section- 108 1.8 Provision and maintenance of labour month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00 camps payable monthly in equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section- 109 (3) 1.9 Establish, maintain and operate Month 18.00 16,000.00 288,000.00 labaratory at the site with equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the materials as

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S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity per DoR-SSRBW, Section-511

1.1 Environmental Mitigation Works as PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 0 Instructed by the Engineer (DOR Section 109)

1.1 Social compliance and safeguards as PS 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 1 instructed by the Engineer (DOR Section 109)

Sub Total 6,148,000.00 2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS 2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Sqm 20,09 27.24 547,419.99 Grubbing including cutting of all types 3.60 of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6 2.2 Scarifying existing Sqm 3,825. 136.22 521,031.94 granular/bituminous road surface for 00 carrying out the required operations necessary to complete the work. This includes handling, salvaging, stacking and disposing of scarified material as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2- 5.7.6 and 2-5.4.3 2.3 Dismantling Works 2.3. Dismantling and Erection of metallic Nos 10.00 9,684.58 96,845.79 1 pole in cement concrete 1:3:6 foundation including excavation and refilling etc.as required Norms Serial No:NEA. 2.3. Dismantling of culverts, bridges, 2 pavements and other structures. The operations covered are dismantling,excavation, back filling, stacking, disposing and handling .The activity includes safety precautions and incidentals. 2.3. Dismantling of Concrete, as per Cum 14.47 2,043.26 29,565.91 2.1 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. (1-2 b) 2.3. Dismantling of Stone masonary as Cum 75.55 1,362.18 102,910.31 2.2 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.1-2 a, 2.3. Dismantling of steel structure s as ton 0.56 3,870.35 2,165.75 2.3 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.1-2 c Sub Total 1,299,939.68 3 EARTHWORKS 3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in cum 48,73 111.31 5,424,736.04 all types of soil materials including 6.91 removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1

IEE of Sankhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 107

S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure Cu.m. 3,553. 238.67 848,007.55 in all types of soil materials including 12 removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5 3.3 Construction of embankments, cum 34,73 61.85 2,148,361.39 shoulders and other miscellaneous 5.42 filling and backfilling in structure with approved materials as per design and drawing as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 3.4 Transportation of material beyond the cum 16,98 52.12 885,398.93 initial lead within 1 km distance with 8.35 safe disposal sites as instructed by the engineer. Sub Total 9,306,503.92 4 STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS 4.1 Supply machine made fabrication of Cum 2,748. 5,072.68 13,939,734.90 gabion boxes of different sizes with 00 hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.2 Provide and place Geo-textile all sq.m 1,785. 149.24 266,395.63 complete as per drawing and 00 specifications as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) 4.3 Stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 4.3. Supply & place un-coursed random Cu.m. 4,788. 9,178.85 43,949,059.57 1 rubble stone masonry works in M 5 08 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete 4.4 Supply and Place stone Soling as per Cu.m. 1,501. 3,244.20 4,871,942.92 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR 74 Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.5 Supply & place approved coarse Cu.m. 56.13 5,145.32 288,797.58 sand filling with 150 mm layer compaction 4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10 as Cu.m. 105.8 16,060.97 1,699,812.48 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for 4 LBCWARR Clause No. 11

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S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity 4.7 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15 Cu.m. 773.9 17,602.14 13,623,866.08 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for 9 LBCWARR Clause No. 11 4.8 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20 as Cu.m. 150.9 19,744.87 2,980,074.14 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for 3 LBCWARR Clause No. 11 4.9 Supply & place local wood formwork Sq.m 202.9 724.14 146,956.34 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for 4 LBCWARR Clause No. 9 4.1 Supply & place TMT high tensile Kg 14,17 109.35 1,549,559.49 0 strength steel reinforcement of 0.89 specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in position as per DoLIDAR- Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 4.1 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of - 1 hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 4.1 450m (for irrigation purpose) Rm 30.00 5,323.93 159,717.81 1.1 4.1 600mm Rm 95.00 7,457.26 708,439.98 1.2 4.1 900mm Rm 82.50 16,622.65 1,371,368.44 1.3 4.1 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Rm 291.7 426.00 124,289.76 2 Pipe for weep hole as per Nepal 6 Standard & directed by Engineer 4.1 Supply & place Heavy Duty GI pipe Rm 96.00 398.00 38,208.00 3 (Dia 40 mm) for railing as per Nepal Standard & directed by the Engineer 4.1 Preparation of bedding with granular Cu.m 1.32 3,739.91 4,942.85 4 materials (coarse sand) as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.17-2.2,17-2.3,17-5 and 17-6 4.1 Backfilling works with approved soil Cu.m 566.2 1,448.71 820,341.42 5 materials with compaction as per 6 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5.4 4.1 Supply & instal steel reiforcement (Fe No. 20.00 750.00 15,000.00 6 500) of size 50 cm*30 cm (main bar 16 mm dia and distn bar 12mm dia @5 cm c/c bothways) with gutter as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCW clause No. 10 Sub Total 86,558,507.38 5 PAVEMENT WORKS

5.1 Preparation of subgrade for Sqm 51,30 29.67 1,522,208.08 rehabilitation works as per DoR- 4.62 SSRBW (Standard Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No. 1003 5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, Cu.m. 11,37 3,657.42 41,586,447.54 watering, leveling and compaction of 0.43 natural sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201

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S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity 5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, Cu.m. 4,146. 4,594.65 19,050,908.92 - watering, leveling and compaction of 32 crusher run materials (crushed stone) for base course according to the designed camber all complete as per as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1202 5.4 Providing and spraying bituminous Lit 41,53 163.38 6,786,072.71 prime coat MC30/MC70 including 6.47 cleaning the road surface using wire, brushes, broom etc before applying prime coat as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1301 & 1302 5.5 Providing, mixing, laying and Cu.m. 1,246. 17,857.02 22,251,527.21 compaction of asphalt concrete of 30 09 mm thick all complete as per DoR- SSRBW SECTION No. 1307 & 1308 Sub Total 91,197,164.45 6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD 6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC Nos 8.00 2,012.88 16,103.07 kilometer post (place at each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR- SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC Nos 3.00 1,954.87 5,864.61 kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR- SSRBW SECTIONNo. 1501) 6.3 Supplying and fixing in place Nos 489.0 1,457.54 712,739.47 R.C.C.delineater and guard post 0 including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final drawing (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1504) 6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.4. 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral Nos 40.00 2,351.38 94,055.09 1 triangle and 60 x 45 cm rectangular shaped sign (Single post) 6.4. 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign Nos 10.00 6,863.53 68,635.31 2 with back support and two or more post Sub Total 897,397.55 7 Bioengineering 7.1 Slope trimming work (DoLIDAR sqm 3,200. 79.35 253,920.00 Norms Serial No: 4 Spec.Clause No.: 00 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95) 7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the Rm 378.0 1,174.28 443,878.03 stone pitching work of 20 cm thick 0 and 1.2 m wide. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 49)

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S.N Description of works Unit Quan Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks tity 7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for cum 917.2 2,162.57 1,983,681.19 segmentation and support of slopes 8 DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 38, Tech. Spec. clause No. 8 7.4 Gabion check / toe wall for slope cum 218.1 5,072.68 1,106,808.86 protection (DoLIDAR Norms Serial 9 No: 45) 7.5 Brush layering work: including Rm 1,480. 126.21 186,788.12 preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm 00 wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b 7.6 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes sqm 3,200. 247.20 791,034.40 < 45˚ including preparation of slips on 00 site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm apart.( DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 68) 7.7 Planting containerised tree and shrub Nos 160.0 62.53 10,005.00 seedlings, including pitting, 0 transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 69) Sub-Total 4,776,115.61 8 DAY WORKS 8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer. Unskilled labour m/d 300.0 575.00 172,500.00 0 Skilled Labour m/d 100.0 785.00 78,500.00 0 8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance hrs 60.00 1,800.00 108,000.00 of road as required and instructed by engineer 8.3 Provide Built up Drawing as L.S. 75,000.00 completed Sub Total 434,000.00 Excluding Bio Engg A Total 200,617,628.6 195,766,512.99 B VAT @13% of ( A ) 26,080,291.72 25,449,646.69 C Total including VAT 226,697,920.3 221,216,159.68 D Contingency @ 3% of (A) 6,018,528.86 5,872,995.39 Grand Total 232,716,449.2 227,089,155.07 E Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including bioengineering 19,968,311.16 19,485,459.35

IEE of Sankhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 111

b) Sub-project cost including Socio-environmental Cost

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1.1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1.1 Environmental awareness raising training 100,000.00 1.1.2 Compensatory plantation Cost 322,667.70 1.1.3 Road side Plantation 350,000.00 1.1.5 Signboard 100,000.00 1.1.6 Solid waste management 150,000.00 1.1.7 Tourism Development/Homestay 150,000.00 1.1.8 Environmental monitoring cost 323,000.00 Sub-total(i) 1,495,667.70 1.2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Occupational health and safety (GPA insurance) 1,200,000.00 1.2.2 Bioengineering works 4,776,115.61 Sub-total(ii) 5,976,115.61 Total (i+ii) (A) 7,471,783.31 2 Civil Work Cost 2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 232,716,449.2 2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 5,976,115.61 2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 226,740,333.59 3 Resettlement Plan Cost 3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for 101,100,346.86 private and community structures within RoW) 3.2 Supporting cost for deed transfer and management cost 639,800.00 for absentee families 3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement program 800,000.00 3.4 Contingency (20%) 10,174,014.69 Sub-total (C) 112,714,161.55 4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 4.1 Capacity Development Training 75,000.00 4.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social 75,000.00 Counseling Program Sub-total (D) 150,000.00 Total Sub-project Cost (A+B+C+D) 347,076,278.45

IEE of Sankhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 112

c) Resettlement Plan Cost S.N. Budget Unit Total Amount Remarks loss (NRs.) 1. DIRECT COST 1.1 Land Compensation of 28466928.49 32 Interviewed HHs Interviewed HHs 1.2 Land Compensation of 33785340.17 23 Absentees’ HHs Absentees’ HHs 1.3 Compensation for Non- 26273714.94 26 Non-Registered Registered Land Plots 1.4 Guthi Land 758917.55 3 plots 1.5 Private Trees No. 122 28,610.00 1.6 CFUGs Trees No. 72 13,523.00 2 CFUGs 1.7 Company Land Ha 0.158 4396967.75 4 plots 1.8 Residental structures No. 4 6404946.28 8 Temporary taharas 1.9 Material transportation cost No. 13 224250.00 1.10 Business Allowance No. 5 86250.00 1.11 Public Structure No. 1 660898.68 Sub Total 101,100,346.86 2. INDIRECT COST 2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 457 457000.00 2.2 Management cost for 182800.00 absentees' Sub Total 639800.00 3 Income Generation and LS 800,000.00 Livelihood Improvement

Program[2] 4 Contingency (20%) 10,174,014.69 GRAND TOTAL (1+2+3+4) 112,714,161.55

IEE of Sankhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 113

Appendix VII: Details of the Sub-project a) Machine Requirement S. No. Name / Type of Numbers Average Working Period Remarks Machine (Operating 8 hours/day) 1 Tippers 8 9 months 2 Excavators 2 6 months 3 Still Rollers 2 2 months 4 Pneumatic Rollers 2 2 months 5 Vibratory Still 1 2 months Rollers 6 Walkers 2 2 months Compactor / Monkey Jumper 7 Water Tanker / 1 2 months Bowser b) Spoil Disposal Sites Location (Latitude & Longitude) Distance Side of Road Spoil Disposal from centre Sites of Road 27°43'30.01"N, 85°30'13.82"E 70 m Right Spoil Disposal Sites 27°43'46.75"N, 85°30'39.27"E 120m Right Spoil Disposal Sites c) Stone Masonry wall S. Chainage Length Height Area Quantity Remarks N. (m) (m) (m2) (m3) 1 3+980 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 2 4+400 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 3 4+700 20 2.5 2.88 57.6 Right 4 4+720 20 2.5 2.88 57.6 Right 5 5+150 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 6 5+860 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 7 6+320 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 8 6+340 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 9 8+160 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 10 8+500 20 2 1.976 39.52 Right 11 1+660,4+60 400 2 1.976 790.4 At different chainage of roads 0,4+680,7+ 1+660,4+600,4+680,7+900,9 900,9+600 +600 etc, as instructed by engineer Total 1221.76

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d) Gabion Wall S.No. Chainage Length Height Area Quantity Geo- Remarks (m) (m) (m2) (m3) textile 1 3+660 20 3 6.5 130 75 Right 2 4+600 20 4 6.5 130 95 Right 3 4+620 20 4 6.5 130 95 Right 4 4+660 20 5 9 180 120 Right 5 4+900 20 3 4.5 90 70 Right 6 5+480 20 5 9 180 120 Right 7 5+500 20 4 6.5 130 95 Right 8 7+700 20 4 6.5 130 95 Right 9 7+720 20 3 4.5 90 70 Right 10 8+860 20 3 4.5 90 70 Right 11 8+880 20 3 4.5 90 70 Right 12 8+900 20 3 4.5 90 70 Right 13 8+920 20 4 6.5 130 95 Left 14 9+460 20 5 9 180 120 Left 15 9+480 20 5 9 180 120 Left 16 9+500 20 5 9 180 120 Left 17 9+560 20 5 9 180 120 Left 18 9+580 20 3 4.5 90 70 Left 19 9+600 20 4 6.5 130 95 Left Total 2530 1785 e) List of Cross Drainage:

S.N Chainage Length Diameter / Type of Structure Remarks (m) Span (m) 1 0+560 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 2 0+787 4 existing slab culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 3 0+920 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 4 1+140 Existing pipe culvert 5 1+160 4.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert For branch road 6 1+355 Existing pipe culvert 7 1+708 6 proposed maintenance Provide Outlet Protection Type I of existing slab culvert 8 2+466 Existing pipe culvert 9 2+885 6 proposed slab culvert / Provide Outlet Protection Type I replace existing one 10 2+900 7.5 0.6 Intercepting pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I . 11 3+160 7.5 0.6 Proposed Pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 12 3+244 4 proposed slab culvert / Provide Outlet Protection Type I replace existing pipe culvert 13 3+450 7.5 0.6 Proposed Pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 14 3+902 Existing Pipe culvert

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S.N Chainage Length Diameter / Type of Structure Remarks (m) Span (m) 15 4+143 4 Existing slab culvert 16 4+438 Existing Pipe culvert for extension require 4 nos. i.e 10 Rm extra PC of 0.6 m Dia 17 4+560 Existing Pipe culvert for extension require 2 nos. i.e 5 Rm extra PC of 0.6 m Dia 18 4+640 1 Proposed Box Culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 19 4+883 Existing Pipe culvert 20 4+990 1 Existing Box Culvert 21 5+188 7.5 0.9 Proposed Pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 22 5+350 2 proposed slab culvert / Provide Outlet Protection Type I replace existing pipe culvert 23 5+461 Existing Pipe culvert 24 5+600 7.5 0.6 Proposed Pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 25 5+661 Existing Pipe Culvert 26 5+711 7.5 0.6 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 27 6+100 7.5 0.6 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 28 6+120 Drain Turn Out Provide Outlet Protection Type II 29 6+250 Drain Turn Out Provide Outlet Protection Type II 30 6+402 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 31 6+573 Existing pipe culvert 32 6+600 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 33 6+650 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 34 6+831 Existing pipe culvert 35 6+940 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 36 7+374 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 37 7+750 7.5 0.6 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 38 7+895 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 39 8+275 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 40 8+298 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 41 8506 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 42 8+848 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 43 9+350 Drain Turn Out Provide Outlet Protection Type II 44 9+410 Drain Turn Out Provide Outlet Protection Type II 45 9+513 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I 46 9+750 7.5 0.9 Proposed pipe culvert Provide Outlet Protection Type I

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Appendix VIII: Addendum on Sub-project Baseline a) List of Rivers S.No Chainage Name of Crossings 1 0+360 Khola 2 0+830 Dry Kholsi 3 5+230 Dry Kholsi 4 5+340 Dry Kholsi 5 5+350 Dry Kholsi 6 5+620 Dry Kholsi 7 5+700 Dry Kholsi 8 6+410 Dry Kholsi 9 6+640 Dry Kholsi 10 7+010 Dry Kholsi 11 9+520 Dry Kholsi b) Land Use

From To length Existing Additional Additional Land Use Pattern 3+260 3+400 140 5 5 0.07 Cultivated land 3+400 4+200 800 5 5 0.4 Settlement area 4+200 5+000 800 5 5 0.4 Cultivated land 5+000 6+500 1500 5 1.25 0.1875 Forest 6+500 7+000 500 5 1.25 0.0625 Forest 7+000 7+610 610 5 5 0.305 Settlement area 7+610 8+300 690 5 5 0.345 Cultivated land 8+300 9+200 900 5 1.25 0.1125 Forest 9+200 9+780 580 5 5 0.29 Barren land

c) Ethno-botanical Plants around the Sub-project Area SN. Scientific name Local name Use type Use parts 1 Swertia chirayita Chiraito Fever Stem 2 Artimesia vulgaris Titepati Skin disease Leaves 3 Gaultheria fragrantissima Dhasingare Hookworm Whole Plant 4 Osyris wightiana Nundhuki Leaves

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d) Common Wildlife Around the Sub-project Area SN. Scientific Name Common Name Remarks (if any) Mammals 1 Herpestes auropunctatur Mongoose 2 Vulpes bengalensis Fox 3 Martes flavigula Yellow throated marten 4 Rousettus leschenaulti Bat 5 Mus musculus Mouse 6 Soriculus leucops Shrew 7 Callosciurus pygerythrus Palm squirrel 8 Hystrix brachyura Porcupine 9 Muntiacus muntjak Barking Deer 10 Sus scrofa Wild boar Birds 1 Delichon spp. Gauthali 2 Acridotheres tristis Sarau (Common Myna) 3 Vanellus spp. Huteteu (Lapwing) 4 Megalaima spp. Kuthurka (Barbet) 6 Streptopelia spp. Dhukur (Dove) 7 Pycnonotus spp. Jureli (Bulbul) 8 Upupa epops Fapre (Common Hoope) 10 Dinopium spp. Sunaulo lahache (Flameback) 11 Dicrurus spp. Chibhe (Drongo) 12 Urocissa spp. Lampuchre (Magpie) 13 Halcyon spp. Matekore (Kingfisher) e) Education Status

Name of Institutions Then VDC Ward no. Sri Narayan Primary School Suntole 9 Jaywali Primary School Suntole 2 Janajagriti Primary School Suntole 7 Chitiz Primary School Suntole 8 Mahendra Baal Lower Secondary School Suntole 8 Palanchowk Bhagawati Women School Suntole 8 Sakhu Paluwari Community School Suntole 8 Splendid Valley English School Suntole 8 Bajrayogini English School Suntole 7 Serene Hill English Secondary School Bajrayoginee 7 Evergreen Higher Secondary School Bajrayoginee 9 Shree Bhagyodaya H.S. School Bajrayoginee 9 Shree Bhagawati H.S. School Bajrayoginee 9

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Appendix IX: Impact Identification Matrix Sub-project Activities Environmental Environmental Dimension Land Acquisition Acquisition Land Clearance Land cutting/widening Slope Grading Operation Quarry Spoil Disposal Management site Camp Stockpiling Material Transportation Material of Operation Machines Construction Walls Retaining Crushing Stone Works Drainage Graveling Activities Total the Impacting Environment Physical Landuse 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/14 Air Quality 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10/14 Water Quality 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 8/14 Noise and 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 10/14 Vibration Solid Waste 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3/14 Top Soil 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/14 Erosion and 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 8/14 Sedimentation Slope Stability 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/14 Natural 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 6/14 Drainage Biological Natural 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 8/14 Vegetation Wildlife 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 7/14 Habitat 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 7/14 Forest 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 9/14 Resource Socio-economic Private Land 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 8/14 and Property OHS 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13/14 Social Harmony 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 12/14 Social Services 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 9/14 / Public Structures Cultural and 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3/14 Historical Site Road Safety 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8/14

Note: 1 for Direct Impacts, 0 for Indirect Impacts

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Appendix X: Trees to be cut down a) Trees Loss from the Community Forest

SN Name of the Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Rate/ Total Cost Forest Trees Plantation (1:25) plant (NRs) (NRs) From To 1 Kusum 6+500 7+000 Katus Castanopsis indica 13 325 56,676.75 Community 8+300 9+200 Salla Pinus roxburghii 14 350 61,036.50 Forest Chilaune Schima wallichi 8 200 34,878.00 Kaphal Myrica esculenta 2 50 8,720 Sub-total 37 925 161,311 2 Lambodanda 5+000 6+500 Chilaune Schima wallichi 5 125 21,798.75 Community Uttis Alnus nepalensis 14 350 174.39 61,037 Forest Saur Betul alnoides 7 175 30,518.25 Katus Castanopsis indica 3 75 13,079.25 Kaphal Myrica esculenta 2 50 8,719.50 Salla Pinus roxburghii 3 75 13,079.25 Siris Alberzia lebbek 1 25 4,359.75 Sub-total 35 875 152,591 Total 72 1,800 313,902

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b) Trees Loss from Private Land S.N Name of Owner Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Rate Total Cost Trees Plantation (1:1) (NRs) (NRs) 1 Man B. Setang 4+091 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 1 1 71.85 71.85 Sudan Shing Shambo Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 2 2 71.85 143.7 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 1 1 71.85 71.85

Pote Shangtan Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 2 2 71.85 143.7 2 Sudan Singh Shangbo 4+ 200 Bambo Bambusoideae 50 50 71.85 3592.5 Amlisho Thysanolaena maxima 6 6 71.85 431.1 SangRam Shingh Amlisho Thysanolaena maxima 3 3 71.85 215.55 3 Bakhan Shangbo 4+500 Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 3 3 71.85 215.55 (Samat) 4 Bakhan 4+580 Kimbo Morus indica 3 3 71.85 215.55 Shambo(Samet) Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 71.85 71.85 Suntala Citrus sinenis 2 2 71.85 143.7 Nigalo Drepanostachyum 1 1 71.85 71.85 5 Tauke Tamang 4+950 Bambo Bambusoideae 12 12 71.85 862.2 6 Aartha Shangbo 4+620 Suntala Citrus sinenis 5 5 71.85 359.25 Aartha Shangbo Kimbo Morus indica 3 3 71.85 215.55 7 Suk bahadur 4+650 lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 1 1 71.85 71.85 Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 6 6 71.85 431.1 Kimbo Morus indica 2 2 71.85 143.7 Suntala Citrus sinenis 6 6 71.85 431.1 8 Tauke Tamang 4+700 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 2 2 71.85 143.7 9 Tenjing Sherpa 7+640 Amlisho Thysanolaena maxima 7 7 71.85 502.95 10 Hotel Shambu Sherpa 7+640 Amlisho Thysanolaena maxima 3 3 71.85 215.55 Total 122 122 8765.7

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c) Calculation of Plantation Cost in CF Item Description Unit Total Rate Amount Remarks No. quantity (NRs.) (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 635 1,905.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 635 6,350.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 635 1,905.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 635 20,320.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 635 3,810.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 635 1,905.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 635 12,700.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 635 11,430.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 635 5,715.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 635 15,875.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 117,115.00 35 Fencing per 200 running meter 35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and 1.8m Persondays 8 635 5,080.00 height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 635 35,560.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 635 60,960.00 Sub-total 175,200.00 Total 292,315.00 Contingency (5%) 14,615.75 Grand Total 306,930.75 Per plant cost 174.39 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing

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d) Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private Land

Item no. Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks Quantity (NRs.)

Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 635 1,905.00 20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 635 20,320.00 50% slope 20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 635 3,810.00 1 km distance 20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 635 1,905.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 635 12,700.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 635 11,430.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 635 5,715.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 635 15,875.00 Up to 50% slope Total 126,460.00 Per plant cost 71.85

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e) Compensatory Plantation Agreement

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f (Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP), PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'nLotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDkLo If]qdf k"glg{df{0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f / ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . sf7df8f}+ lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt ;f+v–kfn'jf/L– gu/sf]6 ;8s pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] Ps pkcfof]hgf xf] . ;f+v–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s pk–cfof]hgf sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf] z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf & - tTsflng z+v/fk'/ gu/kflnsf !!_ af6 ;'? eP/ d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsf @ - tTsflng afn'jfkfl6b]pk'/ uf=lj=; *_ uP/ 6+'luG5 . of] ;8ssf] hDdf nDafO{ !)=)$^ ls= ld 5 .

;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt of]hgfsf] nflu /fli6«o jg If]q k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$ cg';f/ ;f+v'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ ;f+v–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos jg eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n ! df lbO{Psf] 5 .

6]a'n ! ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut

Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, sfl6Psf a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut hDdf nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd ?v ;+Vof ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -g]=?=_

-!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! s';'d ;f= j= #& (@% !$#,)**=# !*,@@@=% !^!,#!! @ nDaf]8fF8f ;f= j= #% *&% !#%,#%#=&% !&,@#&=%) !%@,%(! hDdf &@ !,*)) @&*,$$@ #%,$^) #!#,()@

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lhNnf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog OsfO{ , lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq

s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ , sf7df8f}+ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . s';'d ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .

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v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf, sf7df8f}+ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf sfl6g] #& ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f- (@% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !^!,#!! lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !$#,)**=# ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !*,@@@=% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] .

lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] OsfO sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

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lhNnf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog OsfO{ , lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog OsfO, sf7df8f}+ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . nDaf]8fF8f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .

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v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf, sf7df8f}+ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0fsf] s|ddf sfl6g] #% ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f- *&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%@,%(! lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#%,#%#=&% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .

@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !&,@#&=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] OsfO sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM

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f) Plantation Plan in District

Compensatory plantation in CF

Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DLPIU - Agreement will be done with DFO and DLPIU for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Plantation in CF Activities May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/DLPIU Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

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Plantation in Private land

Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land. 1) Managing planting stock . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in coordination with affected landowner. 3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner. 4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species. 5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the starting of monsoon 7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition

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Roadside plantation

1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, RM/Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Agreement with local communities, Municipality and DFO Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count

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g) Tree Loss Assesssment

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h) GPS Mapping of CFs along the Road

i) GPS Mapping of Kusum CF Area along Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road

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j) GPS Mapping of Lambodanda CF Area along Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road

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Appendix XI: Detail Information of Affected Structure/Land a.Structure

Structure No: 1 Distance from Address : Kathmandu centerline : 4.7m

Storey Total Affected Storey Rate Total Amount Area Area (Sqm) /Sqm ( Sqm)

House 99 3.3 1 24799 81836.70

Tahara

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land woner Name :Ngang Pasang Sherpa

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 140

Structure No: 2 Distance from Address : Kathmandu centerline :4.2m

Storey Total Affected Storey Rate Total Amount Area ( Area (Sqm) /Sqm Sqm)

House

Tahara 21.45 4.4 1 12929 277327.05

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Man Bhr/Jeet Bhr Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 141

Structure Distance from No: 3 centerline :4.4m Address : Kathmandu Total Area Affected ( Area Total Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Amount

House Tahara 17.92 3.36 1 12929 231687.68 Shed toilet wall Pali others Land owner Name: Sano Kancha Tamang Total Area Affected

( Area Total

Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Amount

House Tahara 21 7.8 1 12929 271509.00 Shed toilet wall Pali others

Land owner Name: Sano Kancha Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 142

Distance from Structur centerline e No: 4 :4.2m Address : Kathmandu

Total Area Affected Area Total Storey ( Sqm) (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Amount

House 34.16 5.6 2 24799 277748.80

Tahar a

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Bhola Damai

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 143

Distance from Structur centerline e No: 5 :4.2m Address : Kathmandu

Total Area Affected Total

Storey ( Sqm) Area (Sqm) Storey Rate /Sqm Amount

House 47.17 7.12 2 16611 1567081.74

Tahara

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Santu kumari Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 144

Structure No: 6 Distance from centerline: 3.5 Address : Kathmandu

Total Area ( Affected Rate Storey Sqm) Area (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Total Amount

House

Tahara 17.64 8.4 1 12929 228067.56

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Jite Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 145

Structure No: 7 Distance from centerline: 4.5 Address : Kathmandu

Total Affected Area ( Area Rate Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Total Amount

House 50.41 3.55 2 16611 1674721.02

Tahara

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Tirtha Bahadhur Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 146

Structure No: 8 Distance from centerline: 3 Address : Kathmandu

Total Affected Area ( Area Rate Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Total Amount

House

Tahara 17.08 12.2 1 12929 220827.32

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Sukra Bdr Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 147

Structure No: 9 Distance from centerline: 3 Address : Kathmandu

Total Area Affected ( Area Rate

Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Total Amount

House

Tahara 30.6 18 1 12929 395627.40

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Bhim Bhr Tamang

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 148

Structure No: 10 Distance from centerline: 3 Address : Kathmandu

Total Area ( Affected Rate Total

Storey Sqm) Area (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Amount

House

Tahara 32.34 14.7 1 12929 418123.86

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Soma Lamini

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 149

Structure No: 11 Distance from centerline: 3.3 Address : Kathmandu

Total Area ( Affected Rate Total Storey Sqm) Area (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Amount

House

Tahara 60.72 22.44 1 12929 785048.88

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Sangram Singh Syangbo

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 150

Structure No: 12 Distance from centerline: 3.35 Address : Kathmandu

Total Affected Area ( Area Rate Storey Sqm) (Sqm) Storey /Sqm Total Amount

House 31.98 10.14 1 24799 793072.02

Tahara

Shed

toilet

wall

Pali

others

Land owner Name: Bishambhara Bachat Sanstha

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 151

b. Land

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 152

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 153

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 154

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 155

Appendix XII: Photographs

Photo 1: Cadastral survey along the Road Photo 2: Marking and Counting of Tree

Photo 3: Small Kholsi Crossing the Road Photo 4: Public Consultation Alignment

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 156

Appendix XIII: Previously Approved IEE

IEE of Sakhu-Paluwari-Nagarkot Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Kathmandu 157