Journal of Indonesian Tourism and E-ISSN : 2338-1647 Development Studies http://jitode.ub.ac.id

Tourism Destination Management in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati,

1* 2 3 Sony Manggala Putra , Andy Fefta Wijaya , Ratih Nurpratiwi

1Master Program of Public Administrative, Faculty of Administratives Sciences, University of Brawijaya 2Faculty of Administratives Science, University of Brawijaya,

Abstract The tourism sector as one of the leading sectors in Pasuruan still faces many obstacles. The constraints associated with conditions that require improvement on tourist destination related to the presence of infrastructure, zoning, the gap between the tourism destination in the West and the East area, up to the level of visitation which has decreased from year to year. The aims of the study were to describe and analyze Tourism Destination Management conducted by Department of Culture and Tourism Pasuruan at Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati object to become competitive and sustainable tourism destination. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method locus in the Department of Culture and Tourism Pasuruan. The results of this study indicate that the tourism destination management of Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati when reviewed in terms of competitiveness, still needs a lot of improvement related to the presence of tourism facilities and the quality of employees as service providers. In terms of sustainability, it shows that the synergy between the regional government and tourism stakeholders need to be improved. The need for the establishment of cooperation with third parties in management of tourism destination in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati, can be used to optimize the carrying capacity and tourist destination marketing system at Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati in order to compete in a competitive and sustainable way.

Keywords: tourism destination management, competitiveness, sustainability

INTRODUCTION* One way of optimizing the utilization of the The existence of tourism as a leading sector potential area is through the tourism sector since itself actually have been recognized. This is in the presence of the tourism sector in essence is a accordance with the statement of the World form of potential resources embedded in an Tourist Organization (WTO) that over the past six area. There numerous tourist destination that decades, tourism experienced continued expan- can be found in Pasuruan. Area of Mount Bromo sion and diversification, becoming one of the with a panoramic view attracts many tourists to largest and fastest growing economic sectors in visit. Some accommodation service of the world [1]. Surely the statement demanding international standard can be found in the role of the tourism sector management to have surrounding area of this attraction. Besides innovation and creativity, which are able to pack Bromo, there are several other tourist attractions wide range of existed diversity in one attractive are visited by local and foreign tourists, e.g. package, making it a tourist attraction with Taman Safari II became the object of commercial value to the tourists. entertainment and education in nation wide Pasuruan Regency has become one of tour; Purwodadi as a national botanical garden as marketable tourist destination area in East branch of LPPI education; and Chandra Province. Vision of Pasuruan regency is realizing Wilwatikta Park with the greatest amphitheater the religious, competitive, independent, and potential to add an object array of tourist in prosperous local regency in . To realize Pasuruan. Although Pasuruan has a variety of competitive, independent and prosperous potential tourist resources, it turns out there are Pasuruan, it needs to utilize the potential of the only two tourist destination that are managed area as much as possible [2]. directly by the Regional Government through the Department of Culture and Tourism (DISBUDPAR) of Pasuruan Regency, i.e. Banyu Biru and Ranu * Correspondence address: Grati. Sony Manggala Putra Email : [email protected] Banyubiru natural swimming pool is a natural Address : Magister Program of Public Administrative, lake located in Sumberejo Village, Winongan Faculty of Administrative Science, Malang 65145

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District which cover the area of 4.47 ha. It is Table 1. Element of Tourism Destination Management believed to have magical powers; swimming at Competitiveness Sustainability Banyubiru is believed in helping the body to stay Marketing Waste young and giving convenience to people who Financial Water Quality swim there. Otherwise, Ranu Grati is known as Operations Air Quality Human resources Wildlife natural lake in Grati Sub-district which covers the Information Forest / Plant area 1,085 ha and the only Lake/Ranu located in Organization Visitor lowlands. The facilities that can be enjoyed in Strategic Planning Community Ranu Grati are fishing, boats and water bikes [3]. Project Commeorative However, in practice the tourism sector in Management Recycling Site Protection Pasuruan regency still having some problems, Management Information including the presence of attraction Banyu Biru Destinaton Monitoring Destination Research and Ranu Grati which is directly under the Source: Goeldner [5] management of the Department of Culture and Tourism Pasuruan Regency. The constraints Tourism Destination Management associated with the conditions that require Dupeyras as the Head of Tourism in improvement attractions related to the presence Organisation Economy Cooperation and of infrastructure, the gap only between the Development (OECD), explained that attractions in the West and the East area to the competitiveness tourism management is the associated decline in tourist arrivals. ability of the place to optimize its attractiveness Through the perspective of New Public for residents and non-residents, to deliver Management, the concept of Government run quality, innovative and attractive tourism like business used into proper perspective in services to consumers and to gain market shares reviewing the tourism sector. Moreover Hood in [6]. These explanations illustrate that tourist Osborne declares focus on hands-on and destination management should be able to entrepreunial management, as opposed to the maximize its appeal that emphasizes on quality, traditional bureaucratic focus of the public innovation and service. It is expected to provide administrator [4] which emphasizes the import- an exciting experience for visitors. ance on the role of market management of the To support the creation of a competitive government sub-units that exist in performing its attraction with a high competitiveness, it must be duties and functions. Thus the role of public supported by the implementation of the principle administrators is required to have innovations in of management that integrates several aspects. management of the attraction existence that is The aspects ranging from; integrated strategic marketable and sustainable. planning of tourist destination should be Complex presence of the tourism sector will synergized with the regional development plan require an integrated management of tourist area [7]; organization management consists of attraction. Goeldner reveals the Tourism formulating objectives, division of labor, unity of Destination Management consists of two aspects command and coordination in the workflow (Table 1), i.e. competitiveness (business eco- manager [8]; human resources (employee) that nomic management skills) and sustainability determine the quality of service, can be provided (environmental management capabilities) [5]. to tourists visiting in resulting benefits [9]; Furthermore, researchers are interested in tourism development/project should still knowing and analyzing related attractions concern to the physical resources or components management conducted by the Department of of the tourism product in it, thus create a Culture and Tourism Pasuruan regency towards competitive advantage [10]; price and product the flow management of tourism industry in are related to each other, from the preceding facing the increasing competitive against section it must be clear that financial competitors (private sector) without forgetting to management is a key element in inter-firm emphasize the environmental aspects (sustain- competition [9]; operations management deals ability). Then the research aimed to assess the with the production good and services and management of competitive and sustainable defined as a transformation system that converts tourism with a case study on the attraction inputs into outputs [11]; marketing as an Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati managed directly by organizational function and a set of processes for the Department of Culture and Tourism Pasuruan creating, communicating and delivering value to Regency.

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Tourism Destination Management in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati, Pasuruan (Putra, et al.) customers [5]; and information management to of the tourist should also concern the existence support the implementation of the basic tasks of environmental attractions [18]; community and all things that are relevant to the tourism management is the key to accelerate the management [12]. achievement of livelihoods through tourism Furthermore, sustainable tourism manage- development thus future of a tourist attraction ment recognizes the future of the tourism sector can be sustainable [19]; and commemorative depends on protecting life of all diversity. It management emphasizes the management of integrates economic and ecological concerns cultural activities within, which is designed to [13]. In practice, it is not only a tourist and respond to the needs of culture information to natural resource consuming activity but stressed the tourist and to get corrective action [20]. on the conservation of cultural attractions. Thus the conservation of environment and local MATERIALS AND METHODS community involvement were contributed signifi- This research used qualitative research cantly to the sustainability. methods with case study approach (Fig. 1). Case To realize tourism sustainability, they should study method can be used to examine the integrate of some of the following aspects; waste individual, group, organization, or a more management involves the collection, removal, complex social phenomenon. Case study method processing, and disposal of materials considered approach is appropriate when used in describing waste [14]; water quality is essential because it and analyzing tourism destination management. has very vital role in supporting the development Thus they will know the facts and appropriate of tourism, without the supply of water resources measures to stimulate attraction in Banyu Biru there will be no development of tourism [15]; and Ranu Grati. With case study approach, the wildlife management ]• šZ Zuv]‰µoš]}v[ }( researcher possible to maintain and describe the populations and habitat to achieve a goal, in a holistic characteristics of the real phenomenon way that benefits not only wildlife but also helps such as individual's life cycle, organizational and people, as well as the habitat itself [16]; managerial processes, changes in the forest/plan management can be used to the environment [21]. Therefore, the researchers regeneration, utilization, and conservation of directly involved in this study and get a broad forests to meet specified goals and objectives and complete overview about tourism while maintaining the productivity of the forest destination management. [17]; visitor management through the direction

Figure 1. Framework of Tourism Destination Management for Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION directly managed by the Tourism Development Competitiveness Division of DISBUDPAR. The existence of the If tourism destination management associated operating unit is equipped with a hierarchical with the destination competitiveness, it structure consisting of a coordinator, secretary emphasizes the level of ability to produce and and staff. Coordination pattern running vertically market a more attractive tourism compared to to follow the chain of command and flexible, other attractions that separately visited. allowing the supply of information and policies Competitiveness in the management aspects of can be channeled properly. tourist destination consists of strategic planning, However, competitivenes began experiencing organization, human resources, project/ develop- barriers at the stage of human resources ment, operations, financial, marketing and management. Employees at the Banyu Biru information; which are interconnected and form amounted to 7 people while at Ranu Grati only a unity cycles in creating tourist destination have 5 employees; it resulted in a decrease in the force. quality of provided services. In addition, training Implementation of the strategic planning is provided to employees are only given at the undertaken by DISBUDPAR was apparently been beginning of pre-service training. Thus the going well. Planning has been integrated in competence of employees in promoting the accordance with the direction of regional tourist attraction is very low. Moving on from development. It is guided towards the Medium this, the unit should improve the quality of Term Development Plan (RPJMD) that has employee resources through employee cleargoals within the Strategic Plan, which sets recruitment and provision of training in tourism. long-term goals and Work Plan (RENJA) which set Paradigm of the employees in the field of tourism short-term goals (Fig. 2). Planning is done by is appropriate only to the extent maid must DISBUDPAR towards tourist areas of Banyu Biru transformed into professional employees and Ranu Grati. The plan focuses on repair the because with the paradigm shift that will facilities and increased tourism event. certainly improve the quality of service and To support the implementation of these plans, experience traveled for tourists visiting [22]. it is carried out through the organization Furthermore, we use supply and demand management of existing work areas. The analysis [9] to determine the program project/ management of tourist destination facilitated by development in presenting a competitive tourism division of tasks through the establishment of product (Table 2). The overall existence of operating units in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati as tourism products still requires a lot of technical implementation. These units are improvements.

RPJMPD Pasuruan Regency Development Direction

Tourist destination condition

Long Terms Goal Long-Term Strategy RENSTRA

Short Terms Goal Short -Term Strategy RENJA

Policy

Feedback

Figure 2. Framework of Establishment Strategy

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Considering the conditions on the ground, the needs a revision of the existing tourist facilities to project recommendations on tourist destination maintain price stability that can be offered. Banyu Biru is the repair and improvement of the At its core, customer satisfication is the main playground, an increase in the intensity of thing in global competition, thus it should be tourism events (music, orchestra, etc.) as well as emphasized when the development of tourism explores the creative industry community. While products and quality of service is already running the tourist destination of Ranu Grati condition the maximum. It will allow ticket held rise looks as if abandoned. because tourists will pay more because The implementation of the project satisfaction is increased. activity/develop-ment recommended paying Implementation of the operation management attention to repair dock, zoning fishing location on tourist destination in Banyu Biru and Ranu and facilities improvements and additions to Grati still considered not run optimal and needs a existing games, additional varieties of tourism lot of improvement. At this stage, we reviewed events in cooperation with local communities to the link between human resources and open outlets of culinary products. development as an input to produce output of Seeing the condition that occurs within a few tourism services [23]. This aspect of course years, the implementation of financial manage- depending on the previous aspects thus the ment which includes the determination of the implementation of the operation management admission price for tourist destination Banyu Biru on tourist destination of Banyu Biru and Ranu and Ranu Grati must be able to adapt market Grati concluded incapable to run optimally. To conditions. It is due to the tourists segmentation overcome the problems on management opera- is still bounded within the scope of the local tions, they can involve third parties that expected community; automatically Pasuruan still requires to boost the development of a more flexible a market with rapid growth. Price determination system. by using market penetration pricing is one right Researchers observed that the marketing way, which is set lower prices than all of its activities in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati were less competitors in order to create a high growth over communicative thus it is not widely known to the the tourism product [18]. So it should be public yet. If the improvement and development understood that the price changes made in of tourism products has been running, the Banyu Biru tourist destination should be done marketing and promotion system allows to be gradually to adjust the economic conditions. done as a form of communication process Otherwise, the pricing in Ranu Grati is towards the tourists. appropriate given the relatively low price but

Table 2. Analysis of Project Development Program Attractiveness Supply Demands Development Banyu Biru Something to do Swimming Pool (Swimming) Physical and Repair/ quality improvement of playground Playground (Recreation) Interpersonal motives facilities Something to see Swimming Pool (Nyadran) Physical and -increased intensity of tourism event Stage (orchestra music) Cultural motives -Organizing community groups Something to buy souvenir shop Prestige motives - Food Festival - Exploration results of creative industries Ranu Grati Something to do Lake/Pier (fishing) Physical and -repair dock and zoning fishing locations Water games (recreation) Interpersonal motives -Improvements and additions to the game Playground (recreation) facilities Something to see Lake (Distrikan) Physical and -empowering local communities Cultural motives -Add varieties event Something to buy Store food (fish store) Prestige motives -empowerment local communities -Open souvenir outlet

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Implementation of promotion can take was not worked regularly, as constrained by advantage of a various media. Media that can be existing funds. used is the advertising or billboards mounted on If evaluated from the plant management, the locations with high intensity such as terminals, existence of vegetation on attractions area of connecting road between the city and in the Banyu Biru already righteously maintained. nearest city could be an alternative promotional Optimization on the use of green area can be activities. While social media promotion can be performed with the re-utilization on area with done via facebook, twitter, websites, thus wild plants by planting plants which has benefit focused market segments can be expanded. for society or tourists who visiting. Meanwhile, Information management mechanism begins vegetation inside the attractions area of Ranu with input information in the form of a series of Grati need to get more attention. The launching oral and written statements in the documents agenda of reforestation needs to be performed in provided by the coordinators of each related order that keep the ledges of the lake do not tourist destination. The report globally contains experiencing a sustainable erosion. the condition and needs of the tourist attraction. Wildlife management on the tourist The flow of incoming information is then destination of Banyu Biru, implied in the processed by the secretariat section that serves existence of fish on natural pond which as a data processing unit where its presence apparently well maintained. Sengkaring fish serves as a filter against the flow of information which contained in pond already able to adapt on each field. It is associated with the function with tourists who visiting. Granting food which thus the information can be managed, developed performed by visitors righteously can be more be and used integrally in determining the output of regulated through a series regulation. Con- the planning as well as the strategy of tourist versely, the fish existence in Ranu Grati resources destination in the future. is used as consumption target by tourist through the activity of fishing thus if these activities do Sustainability not uncontrolled then it is feared will disrupt the The existence of tourist destination in Banyu existing ecosystem. Related to that, managers Biru and Ranu Grati will not run without the were able to apply the zoning area of activities, support of natural resource environment in it. where zone of fishing and cultivating divide Tourist destination management and clearly. sustainability are closely related with the If we look closely related community awareness of environmental issues that include management, on both those objects has been waste, water quality, plant, wildlife, occurred involvement of the community. Where commemorative, and visitor management. in involvement process occurs through the use Implementation of waste management is the local workforce inside the management closely related to facilities and infrastructure to object of tourism as well as emergence trade support the cleanliness of the location of the efforts through the establishment of stalls Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati. At this stage the contained in attractions area. While on tourist researchers see where the trash bin is destination Ranu Grati forms of stakeholder inadequate, thus necessary to add more bins. engagement visible with community of Conventional waste management system POKDARWIS (Kelompok Sadar Wisata). They has through the combustion risk for the convenience been held several times of annual event like ta'jil of tourists, therefore it is necessary to change the bazar or festival food. Surely from some method of waste management through recycling engagement process that occur these directly method that the waste management can be impact the surround community's economy who more environmental friendly. Through the gave rise to the expansion of opportunity strive method of recycling the waste can be processed local communities through procurement of goods into compost or resale thus have economic value. and services as well as expansion of employment As in Banyu Biru that use water in their tourism opportunities. DISBUDPAR Pasuruan should also activities, the tourist destination of Ranu Grati do community building at Banyu Biru tourist also dominated by the waters activities. To destination. Advantages inclusion through the maintain water quality in tourism activities form of community that done on the tourist attractions of Banyu Biru, they routinely draining destination of Ranu Grati besides have an impact the pool. Otherwise the cleaning of Ranu Grati on the economy, it also make role of society

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Tourism Destination Management in Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati, Pasuruan (Putra, et al.) more independent and capable initialed within CONCLUSION developed tourism. Tourism destination management in Banyu One of the attractions of cultural activities in Biru and Ranu Grati when viewed in terms of Banyu Biru is a tradition that is a series of events competitiveness still needs a lot of improvement. Nyadran spiritually purify themselves by It is related to the presence of tourism facilities swimming in a natural pool. Packaging Nyadran are inadequate and attractive for tourists as well tradition accompanied by organizing music as a lack of quality employees as travel service events a week is a picture form DISBUDPAR providers. Surely it resulted incompetitiveness or innovation in marketing local cultural attractions tourist destination competitivenes at Banyu Biru to tourists. and Ranu Grati still can not run optimally and From an economic perspective it is a positive seem to lag behind its competitors (other tourist impact on the increase in traffic as well as attractions privately managed). Whereas, if the revenue. But on the other hand, it can also be a terms of the sustainability indicates that synergy threat for the degradation of the local commu- between managers, tourists and society needs to nity value because it is feared that the be improved. Many environmental problems that implementation of the cultural traditions instead occur as a result of tourist visits. Departing from be replaced with the music events. To anticipate it is necessary to modernize the managementof this DISBUDPAR Pasuruan should embrace waste managementas well as tourists visiting in related community to design and implement a order to care for and to realize environmentally series of events. friendly travel. In addition, the existence of social While cultural activities attractions Ranu Grati and cultural activities inherent need to be is Distrikan tradition, known as "larung sesaji" increased to embrace the local community. which certainly attend a boat parade on the lake area. Implementation of tradition "larung sesaji" RECOMMENDATION in Ranu Grati is well coordinated between the Appropriate conditions on the ground there local community with DISBUDPAR as manager of should be an integrated reform, which includes attractions thus in practice the level of marketing systems, resources and managerial community participation is very high. In addition, capabilities. Thus the researchers recommend the implementation of the tradition in the form some alternatives that can be done within a few of a parade appeal the tourist by making direct points: contact and blend into a crowd of local people 1) Increasing the number of employees who are dressed in traditional Javanese. Of course, competent in the field of tourism through the through packaging cultural attractions to tourists recruitment and training of employees thus as direct touch in addition to economic actors improving the quality of tourist services that can also be a means to introduce the local can be provided, culture to the general public. 2) Improving the quality of tourism products; Tourist destination visitor management at where to Banyu Biru can be done through Banyu Biru and Ranu Grati has a very important improvement of the playground as well as role in supporting tourism in a sustainable chipped paint play thing attractions while manner. It is because of their presence in direct Ranu Grati with dock improvements, zoning contact and as beneficiaries of resource tourist fishing location and facilities improvements destination but the condition of the second and additions to existing games, object is likely to prejudice the sustainability of 3) Need for review and consideration for third tourist destination; which appears from the party involved in managing the Banyu Biru scattered trash. Thus to make the development and Ranu Grati which can be done through of sustainable tourism, the manager of the submission to the management of public operating units along with DISBUDPAR need to enterprises (BUMD) or private but ownership direct tourist in tourism activities through is still under the auspices of the Local restrictions on visits so as to give time for the Government with application sharing, rental operating unit to take care of tourism facilities. It or other agreements. In doing so needs to be can also be done through a tourist control board followed by the provision of targeting and sanctions warning to tourists who visit to pay revenue to be met by third parties and the attention the existence of the current determination of the authority to the PERDA environment of tourist activity. so that it allows the creation of a more

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