DOCSLIB.ORG

3A Whatissound Part 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3A Whatissound Part 2 What is Sound? Part II Timbre & Noise Prayouandi (2010) - OneOhtrix Point Never 1 PSYCHOACOUSTICS ACOUSTICS LOUDNESS AMPLITUDE PITCH FREQUENCY QUALITY TIMBRE 2 Timbre / Quality everything that is not frequency / pitch or amplitude / loudness envelope - the attack, sustain, and decay portions of a sound spectra - the aggregate of simple waveforms (partials) that make up the frequency space of a sound. noise - the inharmonic and unpredictable fuctuations in the sound / signal 3 envelope 4 envelope ADSR 5 6 Frequency Spectrum 7 Spectral Analysis 8 Additive Synthesis 9 Organ Harmonics 10 Spectral Analysis 11 Cancellation and Reinforcement In-phase, out-of-phase and composite wave forms 12 (max patch) Tone as the sum of partials 13 harmonic / overtone series the fundamental is the lowest partial - perceived pitch A harmonic partial conforms to the overtone series which are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency(f) (f)1, (f)2, (f)3, (f)4, etc. if f=110 110, 220, 330, 440 doubling = 1 octave An inharmonic partial is outside of the overtone series, it does not have a whole number multiple relationship with the fundamental. 14 15 16 Basic Waveforms fundamental only, no additional harmonics odd partials only (1,3,5,7...) 1 / p2 (3rd partial has 1/9 the energy of the fundamental) all partials 1 / p (3rd partial has 1/3 the energy of the fundamental) only odd-numbered partials 1 / p (3rd partial has 1/3 the energy of the fundamental) 17 (max patch) Spectrogram (snapshot) 18 Identifying Different Instruments 19 audio sonogram of 2 bird trills 20 Spear (software) audio surgery? isolate partials within a complex sound 21 the physics of noise Random additions to a signal By fltering white noise, we get different types (colors) of noise, parallels to visible light White Noise White noise is a random noise that contains an equal amount of energy in all frequency bands. White light is made up of all light frequencies (colours), while white noise is made up of all audio frequencies. White noise is used in electronic music, either directly as a sound effect or as the basis to create synthesized sounds. White noise is also used to mask other sounds — the brain is able to single out simple frequency ranges but has trouble when too many frequencies are heard at once. When white noise is present, other noises appear diminished. Pink Noise Pink noise is a random signal, fltered to have equal energy per octave. In order to keep the energy constant over octaves, the spectral density needs to decrease as the frequency (f) increases. This explains why pink noise is sometimes referred as "1/f noise." In terms of decibels, this decrease corresponds to 3 dB per octave. The name of the color comes from visible light that turns pink when a similar spectral distribution is applied. Brown (Red) Noise Brown noise is a random signal that has been fltered in order to generate a lot of energy at low frequencies. The "brown" name comes from the "brownian" movement, not the color. Brownian noise is also referred to as red noise. Visible light turns red when a similar spectral distribution is applied. Brown noise is obtained by running the same flter on pink noise, as the one used to turn white noise into pink noise. Brown noise offers the same bias toward the lower frequencies, as white noise does toward the higher frequencies. Grey Noise Although white noise plays equally loudly at all frequencies, because of psychoacoustic properties, it fails in giving the listener a balanced perception. White noise can be passed through a flter, which inverts our frequency sensitivity curves (Fletcher- Munson Curves), to create grey noise, a noise that feels perceptually fat. Grey noise and white noise would be the same if our ears were equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible spectrum. Tristan Perich - Microtonal Wall.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grey Noise, Dubai Unit 24, Alserkal Avenue Street 8, Al Quoz 1, Dubai
    Grey Noise, Dubai Stéphanie Saadé b. 1983, Lebanon Lives and works between Beirut, Paris and Amsterdam Education and Residencies 2018 - 2019 3 Package Deal, 1 year “Interhistoricity” (Scholarship received from the AmsterdamFonds Voor Kunst and the Bureau Broedplaatsen), In partnership with Museum Van Loon Oude Kerk, Castrum Peregrini and Reinwardt Academy, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2018 Studio Cur’art and Bema, Mexico City and Guadalajara 2017 – 2018 Maison Salvan, Labège, France Villa Empain, Fondation Boghossian, Brussels, Belgium 2015 – 2016 Cité Internationale des Arts, Paris, France (Recipient of the French Institute residency program scholarship) 2014 – 2015 Jan Van Eyck Academie, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2013 PROGR, Bern, Switzerland 2010 - 2012 China Academy of Arts, Hangzhou, China (State-funded Scholarship for post- graduate program) 2005 – 2010 École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France (Diplôme National Supérieur d’Arts Plastiques) Awards 2018 Recipient of the 2018 NADA MIAMI Artadia Art Award Selected Solo Exhibitions 2020 (Upcoming) AKINCI Gallery, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2019 The Travels of Here and Now, Museum Van Loon, Amsterdam, Netherlands with the support of Amsterdams fonds voor de Kunst The Encounter of the First and Last Particles of Dust, Grey Noise, Dubai L’espace De 70 Jours, La Scep, Marseille, France Unit 24, Alserkal Avenue Street 8, Al Quoz 1, Dubai, UAE / T +971 4 3790764 F +971 4 3790769 / [email protected] / www.greynoise.org Grey Noise, Dubai 2018 Solo Presentation at Nada Miami with Counter
    [Show full text]
  • ACCESSORIES and BATTERIES MTX Professional Series Portable Two-Way Radios MTX Series
    ACCESSORIES AND BATTERIES MTX Professional Series Portable Two-Way Radios MTX Series Motorola Original® Accessories let you make the most of your MTX Professional Series radio’s capabilities. You made a sound business decision when you chose your Motorola MTX Professional Series Two-Way radio. When you choose performance-matched Motorola Original® accessories, you’re making another good call. That’s because every Motorola Original® accessory is designed, built and rigorously tested to the same quality standards as Motorola radios. So you can be sure that each will be ready to do its job, time after time — helping to increase your productivity. After all, if you take a chance on a mismatched battery, a flimsy headset, or an ill-fitting carry case, your radio may not perform at the moment you have to use it. We’re pleased to bring you this collection of proven Motorola Original® accessories for your important business communication needs. You’ll find remote speaker microphones for more convenient control. Discreet earpiece systems to help ensure privacy and aid surveillance. Carry cases for ease when on the move. Headsets for hands-free operation. Premium batteries to extend work time, and more. They’re all ready to help you work smarter, harder and with greater confidence. Motorola MTX Professional Series radios keep you connected with a wider calling range, faster channel access, greater privacy and higher user and talkgroup capacity. MTX PROFESSIONAL SERIES PORTABLE RADIOS TM Intelligent radio so advanced, it practically thinks for you. MTX Series Portable MTX850 Two-Way Radios are the smart choice for your business - delivering everything you need for great business communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Noise Reduction Applied to Asteroseismology
    PERTURBATIONS OF OBSERVATIONS. NOISE REDUCTION APPLIED TO ASTEROSEISMOLOGY. Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 Contents • Noise characterization and time series analysis Introduction The colors of noise Some examples in astrophysics Spectral estimation • Noise reduction applied to asteroseismology Asteroseismology: Origin and Objetives CoRoT A new method for noise reduction: Phase Adding Method (PAM) Aplications: Numerical experiment Star HD181231 Star 102719279 Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 2 Introduction Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 3 The Colors Of Noise Pink noise Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 4 The Colors Of Noise Red noise Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 5 Some Examples In Astrophysics •Thermal noise due to a nonzero temperature is approximately white gaussian noise. • Photon-shot noise due to statistical fluctuations in the measurements has a Poisson distribution and a power increasing with frequency. It is a problem with weak signals. • Also seismic noise affect to sensible ground instruments like LIGO (gravitational wave detector). Nevertheless, for LISA the noise characterization adopted is a gaussian noise. •Observations of the black hole candidate X-ray binary Cyg X-1 by EXOSAT, show a continuum power spectrum with a pink noise. • In asteroseismology the noise is assumed to be of white gaussian type. Javier Pascual Granado CCD 21/10/2009 6 Time Series: Spectral Estimation A light curve (or a photometric time series) is a set of data points ordered In time. ti-1-ti might not be constant.
    [Show full text]
  • Intuilink Waveform Editor
    IntuiLink Waveform Editor The Agilent IntuiLink Arbitrary Waveform Editor application is an ActiveX document server. This application provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows you to create, import, modify, and export arbitrary waveforms, and to send these waveforms to the Agilent type 33120A, 33220A or 33250A Arbitrary Waveform (ARB) Generator instrument. The user interface is shown below with its main areas identified by numbers: Let's look at each of these numbered areas in turn. 1. Menu Bar - provides standard Microsoft Windows style menus. 2. Standard Toolbar - provides toolbar buttons for such standard menu functions as Save, Cut, Paste, and Print. 3. Waveform Toolbar - provides toolbar buttons for the arbitrary waveform Creation and Edit functions. In particular, these buttons allow you to Add waveform segments to the active waveform edit window. 4. Waveform Edit Windows - each of these windows allows you to create, edit, and display an arbitrary waveform. (Waveform defaults – see: Appendix A.) The contents of the active waveform edit window can be sent to an Agilent ARB Generator. 5. Status Bar - displays messages about the following: - General status messages. - The current mode. - In Select mode, the start and end positions and number of points selected. - In Marker mode: · When an X marker is being moved, the positions of both X markers and the difference between them. · When a Y marker is being moved, the positions of both Y markers and the difference between them. - In Freehand or Line Draw mode, the cursor position and the length of the waveform. - The address of an arbitrary waveform generator (for example: GPIB0::10::INSTR) if one is connected, or else Disconnected.
    [Show full text]
  • Portable Radio: Headsets XTS 3000, XTS 3500, XTS 5000, XTS 1500, XTS 2500, MT 1500, and PR1500
    portable radio: headsets XTS 3000, XTS 3500, XTS 5000, XTS 1500, XTS 2500, MT 1500, and PR1500 Noise-Cancelling Headsets with Boom Microphone Ideal for two-way communication in extremely noisy environments. Dual-Muff, tactical headsets RMN4052A include 2 microphones on outside of earcups which reproduce ambient sound back into headset. Harmful sounds are suppressed to safe levels and low sounds are amplified up to 5 times original level, but never more than 82dB. Has on/off volume control on earcups. Easily replaceable ear seals are filled with a liquid and foam combination to provide excellent sealing and comfort. 3-foot coiled cord assembly included. Adapter Cable RKN4095A required. RMN4052A Tactical Headband Style Headset. Grey, Noise reduction = 24dB. RMN4053A Tactical Hardhat Mount Headset. Grey, Noise reduction = 22dB. RKN4095A Adapter Cable with In-Line Push-to-Talk For use with RMN4051B/RMN4052A/RMN4053A. REPLACEMENTEARSEALS RLN4923B Replacement Earseals for RMN4051B/RMN4052A/RMN4053A Includes 2 snap-in earseals. Hardhat Mount Headset With Noise-Cancelling Boom Microphone RMN4051B Ideal for two-way communication in high-noise environments, this headset mounts easily to hard- hats with slots, or can be worn alone. Easily replaceable ear seals are filled with a liquid and foam combination to provide excellent sealing and comfort. 3-foot coiled cord assembly included. Noise reduction of 22dB. Separate In-line PTT Adapter Cable RKN4095A required. Hardhat not included. RMN4051B* Two-way, Hardhat Mount Headset with Noise-Cancelling Boom Microphone. Black. RKN4095A Adapter cable with In-Line PTT. For use with RMN4051B/RMN4052A/RMN4053A. Medium Weight Headsets Medium weight headsets offer high-clarity sound, with the additional hearing protection necessary to provide consistent, clear, two-way radio communication in harsh, noisy environments or situations.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Image Restoration Using Optimization Techniques and Hybrid Filters
    International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Medical Image Restoration Using Optimization Techniques and Hybrid Filters B.BARON SAM 1, J.SAITEJA 2, P.AKHIL 3 Assistant Professor 1 , Student 2, Student 3 School of Computing Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology [email protected], May 26, 2018 Abstract In clinical setting, Medical pictures assumes the most huge part. Medicinal imaging brings out interior struc- tures disguised by the skin and bones, and also to analyze and treat sicknesses like malignancy, diabetic retinopathy, breaks in bones, skin maladies and so forth. The thera- peutic imaging process is distinctive for various sort of in- fections. The picture catching procedure contributes the clamor in the therapeutic picture. From now on, caught pictures should be sans clamor for legitimate conclusion of the illnesses. In this paper, we talk different clamors that influence the medicinal pictures and furthermore joined by the denoising algorithms. Computerized Image Processing innovation executes PC calculations to acknowledge advanced picture handling which suggests computerized information adjustment that enhances nature of the picture. For restorative picture data extrac- tion and encourage examination, the actualized picture han- dling calculation amplifies the lucidity and sharpness of the 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue picture and furthermore fascinating highlights subtle ele- ments. At first, the PC is inputted with an advanced pic- ture and modified to process the computerized picture in- formation furnished with arrangement of conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • LPM Woofer Sample Report
    HTML Report - Klippel GmbH Page 1 of 10 KLIPPEL ANALYZER SYSTEM Report with comments Linear Parameter Measurement (LPM) Driver Name: w2017 midrange Driver Comment: Measurement: LPM south free air Measurement Measureslinear parameters of woofers. Comment : Driver connected to output SPEAKER 2. Overview The Introductory Report illustrates the powerful features of the Klippel Analyzer module dedicated to the measurement of the linear speaker parameters. Additional comments are added to the results of a practical measurement applied to the speaker specified above. After presenting short information to the measurement technique the report comprises the following results • linear speaker parameters + mechanical creep factor • electrical impedance response • mechanical transfer response (voltage to voice coil displacement) • acoustical transfer response (voltage to SPL) • time signals of the speaker variables during measurement • spectra of the speaker variables (fundamental, distortion, noise floor) • summary on the signal statistics (peak value, SNR, headroom,…). MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE The measurement module identifies the electrical and mechanical parameters (Thiele-Small parameters) of electro-dynamical transducers. The electrical parameters are determined by measuring terminal voltage u(t) and current i(t) and exploiting the electrical impedance Z(f)=U(f)/I(f). The mechanical parameters can either be identified using a laser displacement sensor or by a second (comparative) measurement where the driver is placed in a test enclosure or an additional mass is attached to it. For the first method the displacement of the driver diaphragm is measured in order to exploit the function Hx(f)= X(f)/U(f). So the identification dispenses with a second measurement and avoids problems due to leakage of the test enclosure or mass attachment.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoacoustics Perception of Normal and Impaired Hearing with Audiology Applications Editor-In-Chief for Audiology Brad A
    PSYCHOACOUSTICS Perception of Normal and Impaired Hearing with Audiology Applications Editor-in-Chief for Audiology Brad A. Stach, PhD PSYCHOACOUSTICS Perception of Normal and Impaired Hearing with Audiology Applications Jennifer J. Lentz, PhD 5521 Ruffin Road San Diego, CA 92123 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.pluralpublishing.com Copyright © 2020 by Plural Publishing, Inc. Typeset in 11/13 Adobe Garamond by Flanagan’s Publishing Services, Inc. Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn, Inc. All rights, including that of translation, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written consent of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by Telephone: (866) 758-7251 Fax: (888) 758-7255 e-mail: [email protected] Every attempt has been made to contact the copyright holders for material originally printed in another source. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will gladly make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lentz, Jennifer J., author. Title: Psychoacoustics : perception of normal and impaired hearing with audiology applications / Jennifer J. Lentz. Description: San Diego, CA : Plural Publishing,
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Opensound Navigator™
    WHITEPAPER 2016 An introduction to OpenSound Navigator™ HIGHLIGHTS OpenSound Navigator™ is a new speech-enhancement algorithm that preserves speech and reduces noise in complex environments. It replaces and exceeds the role of conventional directionality and noise reduction algorithms. Key technical advances in OpenSound Navigator: • Holistic system that handles all acoustical environments from the quietest to the noisiest and adapts its response to the sound preference of the user – no modes or mode switch. • Integrated directional and noise reduction action – rebalance the sound scene, preserve speech in all directions, and selectively reduce noise. • Two-microphone noise estimate for a “spatially-informed” estimate of the environmental noise, enabling fast and accurate noise reduction. The speed and accuracy of the algorithm enables selective noise reduction without isolating the talker of interest, opening up new possibilities for many audiological benefits. Nicolas Le Goff,Ph.D., Senior Research Audiologist, Oticon A/S Jesper Jensen, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Oticon A/S; Professor, Aalborg University Michael Syskind Pedersen, Ph.D., Lead Developer, Oticon A/S Susanna Løve Callaway, Au.D., Clinical Research Audiologist, Oticon A/S PAGE 2 WHITEPAPER – 2016 – OPENSOUND NAVIGATOR The daily challenge of communication To make sense of a complex acoustical mixture, the brain in noise organizes the sound entering the ears into different Sounds occur around us virtually all the time and they auditory “objects” that can then be focused on or put in start and stop unpredictably. We constantly monitor the background. The formation of these auditory objects these changes and choose to interact with some of the happens by assembling sound elements that have similar sounds, for instance, when engaging in a conversation features (e.g., Bregman, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Mirror Shape to Reduce Substrate Brownian Noise in Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors
    LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORY - LIGO - CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2014/03/18 Modeling mirror shape to reduce substrate Brownian Noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors Emory Brown, Matt Abernathy, Steve Penn, Rana Adhikari, and Eric Gustafson California Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology LIGO Project, MS 100-36 LIGO Project, NW22-295 Pasadena, CA 91125 Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone (626) 395-2129 Phone (617) 253-4824 Fax (626) 304-9834 Fax (617) 253-7014 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] LIGO Hanford Observatory LIGO Livingston Observatory PO Box 159 19100 LIGO Lane Richland, WA 99352 Livingston, LA 70754 Phone (509) 372-8106 Phone (225) 686-3100 Fax (509) 372-8137 Fax (225) 686-7189 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ Abstract This paper is a report on the effect of varying mirror shape upon Brownian noise is the test mass substrate. Using finite element analysis, it was determined that by using frustum shaped test masses with a ratio between the opposing radii of about 0.7 the frequency of the principle real eigenmodes of the test mass can be shifted into higher frequency ranges. For a fused silica test mass this shape modification could increase this value from 5951 Hz to 7210 Hz, and in a silicon test mass it would increase the value from 8491 Hz to 10262 Hz, in both cases moving the principle real eigenmode to a frequency further from LIGO bands, reducing slightly the noise seen by the detector.
    [Show full text]
  • Loudness Standards in Broadcasting. Case Study of EBU R-128 Implementation at SWR
    Loudness standards in broadcasting. Case study of EBU R-128 implementation at SWR Carbonell Tena, Damià Curs 2015-2016 Director: Enric Giné Guix GRAU EN ENGINYERIA DE SISTEMES AUDIOVISUALS Treball de Fi de Grau Loudness standards in broadcasting. Case study of EBU R-128 implementation at SWR Damià Carbonell Tena TREBALL FI DE GRAU ENGINYERIA DE SISTEMES AUDIOVISUALS ESCOLA SUPERIOR POLITÈCNICA UPF 2016 DIRECTOR DEL TREBALL ENRIC GINÉ GUIX Dedication Für die Familie Schaupp. Mit euch fühle ich mich wie zuhause und ich weiß dass ich eine zweite Familie in Deutschland für immer haben werde. Ohne euch würde diese Arbeit nicht möglich gewesen sein. Vielen Dank! iv Thanks I would like to thank the SWR for being so comprehensive with me and for letting me have this wonderful experience with them. Also for all the help, experience and time given to me. Thanks to all the engineers and technicians in the house, Jürgen Schwarz, Armin Büchele, Reiner Liebrecht, Katrin Koners, Oliver Seiler, Frauke von Mueller- Rick, Patrick Kirsammer, Christian Eickhoff, Detlef Büttner, Andreas Lemke, Klaus Nowacki and Jochen Reß that helped and advised me and a special thanks to Manfred Schwegler who was always ready to help me and to Dieter Gehrlicher for his comprehension. Also to my teacher and adviser Enric Giné for his patience and dedication and to the team of the Secretaria ESUP that answered all the questions asked during the process. Of course to my Catalan and German families for the moral (and economical) support and to Ema Madeira for all the corrections, revisions and love given during my stay far from home.
    [Show full text]
  • EBU R 128 – the EBU Loudness Recommendation
    10 things you need to know about... EBU R 128 – the EBU loudness recommendation 1 EBU R 128 is at the core of a true audio revolution: audio levelling based on loudness, not peaks Audio signal normalisation based on peaks has led to more and more dynamic compression and a phenomenon called the ‘Loudness War’. The problem arose because of misuse of the traditional metering method (Quasi Peak Programme Meter – QPPM) and the extended headroom due to digital delivery. Loudness normalisation ends the ‘Loudness War’ and brings audio peace to the audience. 2 ITU-R BS.1770-2 defines the basic measurement, EBU R 128 builds on it and extends it BS.1770-2 is an international standard that describes a method to measure loudness, an inherently subjective impression. It introduces ‘K-weighting’, a simple weighting curve that leads to a good match between subjective impression and objective measurement. EBU R 128 takes BS.1770-2 and extends it with the descriptor Loudness Range and the Target Level: -23 LUFS (Loudness Units referenced to Full Scale). A tolerance of ± 1 LU is generally acceptable. 3 Gating of the measurement is used to achieve better loudness matching of programmes that contain longer periods of silence Longer periods of silence in programmes lead to a lower measured loudness level. After subsequent loudness normalisation such programmes would end up too loud. In BS.1770-2 a relative gate of 10 LU (Loudness Units; 1 LU is equivalent to 1dB) below the ungated loudness level is used to eliminate these low level periods from the measurement.
    [Show full text]