Leningrad. Olympic Football Tournament

.SJ-' •• •• ii1

^sèêêës^ssk, • JP9 y . - J8-^

•• • m aafc..^ pÉHI

••jwnssêêïp** .zr.rw*' ^ s#®| fr 42; 'fer.'jiWSj f,ii jii«(jlftir^* nS • " ' ••.V- ^ ••],>...

l

11 T^sâÉ

wgfrj 11'**

8 a 3 a 13 ï » *. S 3 'î a 3 ; :<* if '? i !s i a 9 fi: H Ï

1 ';i r K 4 ylMiMiiiii 3 " » s I ï | a a fl ili 3 3 ;;l gj ^ ^ y * g gTWmgr j

1 UmÉMMÙ S tin « ». .. .. » S I li ii H li fl !| ìì ' - ' • '

4 ^

-f'ï Jf a a aft n nL • i! î5 îf ;

i •'• •" : «" m a ii

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Leningrad, renowned the world over for its rich history and unique architecture, has many fine traditions, among them the custom of welcoming guests with great cordiality. This city on the Neva River is one of the Soviet Union's major sports centres. Therefore, it was fitting that Leningrad was chosen as one of Moscow's Olympic satellites to host the preliminary matches of the Olympic football tourna­ ment. Of course, it was necessary to make special preparations. Leningraders tried to create the best conditions for everyone coming to the city. A vast programme of preparations for the 1980 Games touching many branches of the city economy was carried out in conformity with the plan for the economic and social develop­ ment of the city and region. First of all, sports facilities were radically reconstructed for the Olympic foot­ ball tournament. The Kirov Stadium now offers considerably more conveniences to sportsmen, journalists and spectators. All the technical services were updated with the most modern equipment. This was noted by, among others, Joao Have- lange, IOC member and President of FIFA, who took part in the opening ceremony of the Leningrad tournament. Today the stadium can accommodate any international competitions. Top-rate training sites were made available to the Olympians. For this another major stadium was also modernised. During inclement weather the football players could train in the Lenin Sports-Concert Complex, which was opened just before the Games, or in the Zenit Sports Palace. Both roofed facilities are equipped with artificially covered football pitches of regulation size. Other new sports facilities were built during the pre-Olympic preparations, among them the Dynamo Rowing and Canoeing Centre, the Central Yacht-Club and a wrestling school. They were excellent training sites for the Olympians and are sure to play an important role in the development of sports in Leningrad. Mention should also be made of the new Sportivnaya Hotel which served as the Olympic Village in Leningrad; the many hotels either built or modernised: other buildings providing services; and the cultural programme for participants and visitors to the Games. It was universally acknowledged that the Leningrad Olympic football tourna­ ment was of a high standard. It's enough to note that the team from Czechoslo­ vakia was victorious here, later going on to become Olympic champions. Almost half a million spectators attended the seven matches in the Kirov Stadium, including about 90,000 visitors to the city. The football matches were covered by more than 100 journalists, half of whom from foreign mass media. The Olympic competitions were a new stimulus to all the sports life in the city. And this is a guarantee of the future success of Leningrad's sportsmen.

M. Filonov Chairman of the Leningrad city 0lympiad-80 Organising Committee

137

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Leningrad, Birthplace of the Great October Socialist Revolution

a

est day from sunrise to sunset is Monument to V. I. Lenin 18 hours 55 minutes, while throughout the rest of the night, as Pushkin put it, Smolny the embankments and squares are shrouded in "a transparent twilight, a moonless lustre...."

The relative proximity of the Atlan­ tic Ocean and the Baltic Sea create in Leningrad a temperate and moist cli­ mate typical of maritime regions, with an average annual temperature of + 4.30C. July is usually the sunniest and warmest month, with the greatest number of clear days and an average temperature of +17.80C. Still, there are always six or seven rainy days in the month. under cover of the new Russian navy rehearsal" for the stormy year of 1917, The battleship Avrora That was also the case during the built at the shipyards, and as the when the February Bourgeois-Demo- Leningrad, which bears the hon­ Olympic football tournament. The northern capital it was built under the cratic Revolution overthrew the au- orary title of Hero-City, is the birth­ weather was sunny and warm during dependable protection of the country tocracy. This was followed in October place of the Great October Socialist the games, except for one rainy day. as a whole which had just scored by the Great October Socialist Revolu- Revolution. With a population of glorious victories at Poltava and Gang- tion. 4,600,000 and an area of 625 sq km, it out. The uprising, well prepared and is divided into 16 administrative dis­ Here Russia developed its industry, one of the most bloodless in history, tricts, including five suburban. The Leningrad has packed many his­ laying the foundations of its science was triumphantly concluded on the local government is the Leningrad toric events into its relatively short bio­ and technology, national culture and night of October 25-26, 1917, with the Soviet of People's Deputies. graphy covering less than 280 years. art. storming of the Winter Palace, the seat Founded by Peter the Great to estab­ Petersburg was destined also to of the Provisional Government, which lish "a firm foothold on the seashore", become the centre of advanced socio- was overthrown. The Second All-Rus- the young St. Petersburg soon became political thought. Here, in the tsarist sia Congress of Soviets, which was in Lying in the delta of the Neva the western outpost of the country. The capital, the autocracy and serfdom session at the Smolny Institute, the where it discharges into the Gulf of laying of the foundation of the Peter were first challenged, notably in the headquarters of the revolution during Finland and the Baltic Sea, Leningrad and Paul Fortress saw the birth of the uprising of the Decembrists (1825), those October days, legislatively for- is Intersected by 86 rivers and canals new city on May 16, 1703. It did not and later by the movement of révolu- malised the victory of the Great Octo- forming 42 islands. Though the town grow within the fortress, however, but tionary democrats and members of the ber Revolution, adopted the Decree on is situated near the Arctic Circle, spread on age-old Slavic lands along Narodnaya Volya (second half of the Peace and the Decree on Land, and warm Atlantic currents protect it the banks of the Neva. 19th century). formed the first Soviet government Petersburg grew at an extraordina­ against the adversities of the Arctic. The town's workers were involved headed by Vladimir llyich Lenin, the ry rate. It rose as an unapproachable Nature, however, has not denied it in three revolutions. The first, which leader of the revolution and founder of fortress before the very eyes of the such a typically northern feature as the broke out in 1905 after the Bloody Sun- the Communist Party of the Soviet enemy. Its shipyards went up under white nights, which usually begin on day, was, in Lenin's words, a "dress Union and the Soviet state. The con- May 25 and last until July 20. The long- cover of the fort guns, the seaport 139 138

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library c.1

struction began of a state of a new anti-aircraft units and partisan detach- Peter and Paul Fortress type—a dictatorship of the proletariat. ments were formed. All through the Civil War and At the cost of enormous losses in Anichkov Bridge across foreign intervention (1918-1921), Pet- lives and hardware, the nazi troops Fontanka Street rograd was the indomitable stronghold succeeded in breaking through to of the Soviet state in the northwest. For Leningrad and managed to blockade it Kazan Cathedral the mass heroism shown by the Petro- from the land early in September 1941. grad proletariat in this struggle, the Linked with the rest of the country only Seventh All-Russia Congress of So- by the Lake Ladoga lifeline, the town viets awarded the town the country's barely coped with the formidable diffi- first Order of the Red Banner. culties of shipping in food and fuel. After Lenin's death Petrograd was More than 600,000 Leningraders died renamed Leningrad on January 26, of hunger, and the overall losses 1924, at the request of its people. In the among the city's defenders were more prewar period its inhabitants did a than one million—out of the total good deal to help in the industrialisa- twenty million Soviet people who fell in. tion of the country and the collectivisa- the past war. tion of agriculture. In January 1943 the troops of Lenin- Inhuman trials fell to the lot of grad and Volkhov fronts breached the Leningraders during the Great Pat- . blockade, and smashed it a year later, riotic War of 1941-45. Able-bodied men throwing the enemy far back to the joined the Red Army or the people's west. volunteers, which grew into ten divisi- For selfless courage and fortitude ons practically overnight. Their place shown in the struggle against the fas- in the mills and factories, which had cist invaders, Leningrad was awarded been converted to military production, the Order of Lenin in 1945. On the were taken by women and adoles- twentieth anniversary of the victory in cents. Special fighter battalions, local the Great Patriotic War it was named a

141 140

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hero-City and awarded the Gold Star architectural monuments. Virtually not The Bronze Horseman, a tracts of greenery that were former enemy in the Great Patriotic War, and monument to Peter I Medal. On presenting the award, Leo­ a single building was left intact, and wastelands, were laid out. The Lenin for achievements in communist con­ nid Brezhnev said: "The age-old more than ten thousand were either Square ensemble was rebuilt, the struction, it was awarded the Order of legends and tragic annals of the not- badly gutted or fully destroyed (the city Maple Alley was planted, a public gar­ the October Revolution No. 1, on the so-distant past pale before the lost one-fifth of its housing resources). den was laid out in Revolution Square, eve of the 50th anniversary of the Great incomparable epic of human courage, The Petrodvorets, Pushkin, Pavlovsk, and a number of central thoroughfares October Socialist Revolution. fortitude and selfless patriotism shown Gatchina and Strelna palaces and were reconstructed. Old sports traditions and high stan­ throughout the heroic 900-day defence parks were reduced to ruins. By its 250th anniversary, Leningrad dard of sports achievements by Lenin­ of sieged Leningrad in the Great Pat­ Two months after the lifting of the had undergone substantial renovation grad athletes were good reasons for riotic War. This was one of the most enemy blockade the State Defence and acquired a more youthful appear­ selecting the city as a site for the foot­ outstanding and astounding mass ex­ Committee adopted urgent measures ance. In commemoration of the occa­ ball tournament of the Games of the ploits of a people and army ever for the town's restoration. And, with sion it was awarded a second Order of XXII Olympiad. recorded in history." the support of the whole country, it Lenin. For its outstanding contribution The Organising Committee headed During the war years the enemy began rapidly to heal the war wounds. to the revolutionary movement and the by Deputy Chairman of Leningrad's seriously damaged Leningrad's in­ Massive housing construction was establishment and strengthening of City Soviet M. Filonov was set up to dustry, city services, scientific and cul­ launched at the time. The Moskovsky Soviet power, for the courage and carry out all preparations for the tural facilities, and historical and and Primorsky parks, comprising huge heroism shown in battle against the tournament. 142 143

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library • ^ ^ 'V Wv -I . -,

- ' '

The Vasilyevsky ssiand Spit

Petrodvorets. Palace and Park ensemble

«W.**

144 145

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library HHBhHHHHH

'k?>Ì • ' 'Ik ï-ts" ' • • . • •

mÊ^^mÊÊ%•• j z ggap ssaaiilP^Œ

^mmlêmm ' - y r l&sm t- •• |SM\ . : - / ' J-- - •'• • •-• •• ;; ;; - wbmi

. mu r . m

• s-ïSifiS SsHI

i L •>s •- •< I S

r-v

Cri' - v-< v ^ ft. ^ -• >-•. ^?. **-•• ^Tf^Cr- » ^v'L." : wmméiik ' ' ' .-r. vv- . - - - ~ - •jmn-- mmmmii -, ilf¥tT*I^HB I i^pK-4»%' s : . ' ,- , v--- - „ -- - -v çr.>-= - .. -

^ - w "«.v... ' .-^ ***%

• - w^êm -"*•• '•"**<**'•• . - î^' J';- s iif^ .-, gr^" ««K^w , •«- - - ^ ^ . ^mf : _ . ' '**-*' II '- « ^ ÎTT: - . -^ " ;• ' - ^ liKiiK^gS L ' "'•^^•'5' •'** ^2 is'^-b , >;, - .•'\^^.-> * - VA? 7T«

- ò£d% . ' < ' ' . ' . .v... -.-.. ^ . -', ' -.^set&m àt&jkz' ^ - : .. » • '.> • - • n ... v$mm. '*i^s 1 •j -

- '* , „ J.-JtVjvxKWr - - . >*£**.... • ,jêêêksêmmsmmmmhm . ,v •":: m^m

â 1 '^1' -• • -

- -- <

„ : ' r ' BBH . wpjp— . j'.': '

JiiiiWi'-r . . ;„,; . «5, ':•

. ••

P^

- :•

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library industry, Construction and Transport

tion and specialisation, which formed architects as Pyotr Yeropkin (1698- the economic basis for large-scale 1740), Mikhail Zemtsov (1688-1743), production and the amalgamation of Ivan Korobov (1701-1747), Alexei Kva- science and production. sov (1718-1772), Ivan Starov (1745- 1808), and Carlo Rossi (1775-1849). FTi ìa\ x*\ ymx-ft Today there are about 160 science- 1 industry amalgamations and com­ Despite the mixture of architectural bines, which account for up to 70 per styles in prerevolutionary Petersburg, cent of Leningrad's gross output. the different-rtype constructions failed Retaining one of the leading positions, to destroy the main thing—the rectili- the share of Leningrad Region's enter­ nearity of the broad avenues and prises in the Soviet Union's gross streets, the regularity of the building, industrial output amounts to more than and the integrated architectonic of the three per cent. squares and embankments—the clas­ Along with such leading electrical sic legacy of its architecture. engineering firms as Elektrosila and The Petersburg of before the revo­ came the predominant industrial On the Kirov plant shop floor Metallichesky, the Izhorsky plant, a lution was a city of contrasts: a splen­ branch. partner of theirs, now puts out reactors did centre with 10 harmonious archi­ Though it had not yet recovered its for virtually all domestic and many tectural ensembles and 200 architec­ former industrial vigour after the foreign nuclear-power stations. tural landmarks, a source of legitimate ravages of the Civil War, Red Petro- It is virtually impossible even to list national pride, and at the other pole grad set to work for socialism, serving all the items manufactured in Lenin­ squalid workers' settlements with as the basis for the country's socialist grad. Among the major achievements damp, hastily built barracks and ram­ industrialisation. The first domestic of the past decade are the widely shackle huts or blocks of crowded generators for the Volkhov Power Sta­ known 300-hp Kirovets tractors, the tenements with shut-in yards. tion were built at the Elektrosila Plant azimuthal telescope with a mirror six When Soviet power was estab­ Leningrad is a major industrial in 1923, and a year later the Metalli- metres in diameter, the Kosmonavt lished and the new socialist state centre, ranking second after Moscow. chesky Works put out the main hydro- Yuri Gagarin flagship of oceanic resea­ emerged, drastic reconstruction was The town's industrial output ac­ turbine for the station. In 1924 the rch fleet, the nuclear-powered ice­ required, above all, in the outlying counts for half the turbines and about workers at the Krasny Putilovets Plant breaker Arktika famed for its daring working-class neighbourhoods lo­ 60 per cent of the generators produced began making the country's first trac­ voyage to the North Pole, and the ice­ cated in the vicinity of industrial enter­ in the Soviet Union, one out of every tors. The first Soviet diesel locomotive breaker Sibir, a 1,200,000-kilowatt tur­ prises, where new housing was badly two Metro (subway) carriages, one out and refrigerator ship were also built bogenerator, the first ever of its kind, needed. Leningrad architects found a of every ten large electricity-powered there in 1926. and unique program-controlled lathes. satisfactory solution to the problem of machines and the same proportion of Leningrad's industry, fully recon­ The city owes its achievements in layout of new residential areas. appliances and automats, almost one- structed under the first five-year plan industry and municipal development to On the 10th anniversary of the third of the rubber footwear, more than periods, increased its output 12 times the consistent realisation of socio­ October Revolution the Leningrad ar­ 40 per cent of the cameras, one-fifth of over. The highest development rates economic development plans by enter­ chitects presented their draft zoning colour TV-sets and household vacuum were achieved in engineering and prises and organisations, administra­ plan—the first town-planning docu­ cleaners, and a wide range of other metalworking, the traditional in­ tive districts and the region as a whole, ment of Soviet times. It defined the household appliances and consumer dustries whose potential compared which favourably affect the way of life basic patterns of town development goods. with the prerevolutionary period had in the region. Initiated by Leningrad and served as a guideline for construc­ Leningrad stands firmly in the van increased by 22 times. work collectives more than a decade tion work up to 1935, when the first in shipbuilding, having launched the By the early 1940s Leningrad ran­ ago, and since verified by practice, the Master Plan of Leningrad was put into production of supertankers, horizon­ ked among the country's leading elaboration of such plans has proved effect. tal-loading freighters and unique industrial centres. Its power engineer­ to be a reliable way of coordinating the Housing construction was ex­ research vessels, factory-ships and ing plants accounted for 91 per cent of dynamic and proportional develop­ panded and speeded up. During the nuclear-powered ice-breakers. the hydroturbines and 82 per cent of ment of social production, higher effi­ first five-year plan period (1929-1932) It developed as an industrial centre the generators produced in the USSR. ciency and better quality of work with alone it increased by almost three from the outset. Construction of the In the prewar year Leningrad's share in the further growth of the people's fold compared with the first ten years Admiralty shipyards, its first enter­ the country's industrial output was material well-being and cultural stan­ after the revolution. prise, was launched literally a year one-tenth. dard. The vast new housing development, after the foundation of the Peter and At the beginning of the Great Pat­ Leningrad ranks among the young­ encircling the town after the war, vir­ Paul Fortress (i.e. in 1704). The Okhta riotic War three-quarters of the city's est of the world's large cities. It is tually eliminated the city's outskirts and Sestroretsk plants, the Mint (1724) industrial equipment was evacuated ageless and is" characterised by its altogether. To step up housing const­ and many other enterprises located in far into the heart of the country, where youthful image. ruction, standard designs were drawn the town and its suburbs date to the it served as the basis for new plants. Originally built of logs hewn on the up, which set the stage for the switch 18th century. The plants and factories that stayed on spot, the town was later rebuilt of to industrial building methods. By the mid-19th century St. Peters­ were seriously damaged. stone, with "model" brick buildings Some 5.5 million sq m of housing burg already held third place in the Thanks to the Leningraders' efforts and tile roofing, which in turn were was built from 1945 to 1955, whereas country in terms of the number of oper­ and the assistance of the entire gradually replaced by higher and more than 16 million sq m went up in ating enterprises. With the appea­ country the town's industrial potential larger edifices with stuccoed or stone the next ten years. rance of Baltiisky Shipyards, the Nev- was fully restored by 1949 when output facades. The new Master Plan of Leningrad sky Mechanical Works and, sub­ reached the prewar level. Petersburg was built from the out­ adopted in 1966 held out new pros­ sequently, the Putilovsky, Obukhovsky The dynamic industrial develop­ set according to town-planning sys­ pects. This third consecutive town- and Izhorsky plants, metalworking be- ment was largely due to its concentra­ tems evolved by such outstanding development plan was drawn up with a is 149

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ^ ^ ^ A kindergarten run by the Kirov plant

The picture gallery of the Kirov plant

4 trips a day. Three quartears of all passengers use traditional modes of transport. mii In the outlying districts modern constructions—access and exit ramps view to the future—for up to 25 years. and radio commentators, and journal- Beliye Nochi, the plant's leading to double-level trunk lines— Improved designs were extensively ists, who had teletype and telephone holiday-home are a common sight. Twin thorough­ introduced with better layout of flats. booths at their disposal. A press- fares are being built to cope with the New housing developments went up in centre was set up to service the mass traffic on the more congested express­ quick succession. media. ways. Since the Master Plan was Four 80-metre pylons were installed Much has been done to improve the launched, more than 33 million sq m of for the lighting. Their 544 spotlights network of streets and roads. The Mas­ housing has been built, providing flooded the pitch with light and ter Plan includes detailed plans for the homes for 750,000 families, or allowed for colour TV transmission. A development of public transport en­ 2,250,000 persons. bowl for the Olympic flame was placed visaging a complex of measures up above the central stairway. bouring streets, but they are being to 1990. Another large site, the Lenin Stad­ rapidly expanded in the new settle­ The Kirov Stadium was chosen as ium, was made available for football ments. The construction of modern the site of the Olympic football tourna­ practice. It was also reconstructed Buses and trolleybuses carry bridges to replace the old ones along ment, and was radically reconstructed specially for the Olympic Games, its around ten to twelve times more pas­ intensive traffic routes was given prior­ for this purpose. The football pitch was pitch and lighting improved, and the sengers than in the prewar period. ity in the recent past. The Krestovsky, relaid to bring it up to international premises under the grandstands mo­ However, the major qualitative Kamennoostrovsky, Ushakovsky, standards, and a track with a novotan dernised. In inclement weather the changes came with the opening of the Svobody, Stroitelei, Tuchkov and synthetic surfacing was laid round it. Olympians had the use of Universalny first Metro line 25 years ago. The Grenadersky bridges were built to Its two scoreboards were refitted with Hall, completed by the summer of Leningrad Metro now has 38 stations cope with the growing traffic. electronic video-equipment, and the 1980, and of the Zenit Sports Palace, on a 62-kllometre length of track run­ The Alexander Nevsky Bridge, the grandstands thoroughly altered to seat where they had at their disposal regu­ ning in a radial pattern in three direc­ town's largest, was thrown across the 72,000. lation-size football pitches and all tions; the Kirovsko-Vyborgsky, Mos- Neva. The pavilions under the grand­ other facilities for indoor practice. kovsko-Petrogradsky and Nevsko- A priority task is the construction of stands were fitted out with separate Vasileostrovsky. But this is still not viaducts and overpasses. For instance, locker rooms, exercise halls, rest enough, and a more intensive expan­ there is an overpass across the sorting rooms, showers, saunas, and bathing The public transport system is sion is envisaged, for the Metro is the yard network, which in length sur­ pools. Up-to-date equipment was in­ typical for large socialist towns with most convenient and the fastest mode passes the longest bridges across the stalled in the medical rehabilitation their expanding area and growing of public transport. Neva. centre. population. Tramlines are still being Over 3 billion passengers use city The rapid construction of roads and The central grandstands, which had laid there, though wherever possible transport in Leningrad annually or bridges is necessitated by the growing comfortable seating arrangements for they are rerouted from the main every person in the city on the Neva traffic, which is increasing at an annual official guests, also accommodated TV thoroughfares to parallel or neigh­ makes almost 100 trips a month and rate of ten per cent. 150 151

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library tfây _

i - - - . . . . . ^ - . • • v j; " V. .,.4. ' . . ; .v,,. .... ,s ' ' .. . - ^ • a... ^ ' '•.... K / .. .>.,. :>> " - ^ - 1 . - „ . - - .. I irlMiai * : '• ' - i- "

•61831 iiK» Another new district has gone up

»' * « ^ r

& m%w 5s«».^ • . ^ -.- 1v

,, llll! H - 'mmsk

« M ••

: ;•- Î* «

" " -- d t

n - i : : ••:

152 153

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The Chesmen's Victory Museum

-----•s. ^ m •

Leningrad Port The Olympic year saw the commis­ and in Vasilevsky Island harbour. sioning of the Seventh Pool of 700 Nor were the needs of motor tour­ large buses with modern service and ists driving along the Vyborg, Tallinn repair facilities. This has substantially and Moscow highways overlooked. heightened the reliability of the bus New filling stations were built along lines. these thoroughfares. For Soviet and During the Olympic football tourna­ foreign tourists five round-the-clock ment 650 and more buses—depending service stations were built, with one on the number of tourist each in Vyborg and Kingissepp. groups—serviced guests daily. Pas­ For motorists, an international- senger cars were provided as well. class motel was built in Olgino. Leningrad's railway stations had Besides the 480-bed main building, a prepared well for the massive influx of camping site with cottages and tents guests. For instance, well-appointed was set up to accommodate another waiting rooms, cozy restaurants and a 450 tourists. There was a restaurant spacious main hall, underground pas­ seating more than one thousand. sages and overpasses above the main The intensified flow of trams and platforms were added to the earlier trolleybuses in front of Kirov Stadium renovated Moscow Station. Shortly be­ was regulated under a coordinated fore the Games a large parking lot was plan. A parking lot for 1,000 coaches built here for tourists. At the Finland and cars was built. Station, which also had been reno­ In short, the organisers did everyth­ vated recently, the old wing was rebuilt ing to ensure efficient Olympic trans­ during the Olympic year. Also repaired port. were the metal tents at the Vitebsk Sta­ tion. The capacity of Pulkovo Airport with its modern complex was expanded. For the convenience of ocean liners, the old moorings were reno­ vated and new ones built. Plans were drawn up for the rational berthing of passenger ships both in the Trade Port

154 155

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Utilities and Municipal Services

Before the October Revolution the standard of municipal services was far from being adequate. Petersburg was very poorly supplied with electricity, especially for household and munici­ pal requirements, its water-supply system was backward even for those times, central heating was in its infan­ cy, and gas was used only for street lighting. The Soviet government had to begin solving these problems literally from scratch. What was needed above all was the speedy electrification of the economy. cipal economy) the daily consumption Monument to Leningrad's Lenin advanced the bold idea of the of pure, potable water per person heroic defenders GOELRO Plan of electrification of Rus­ amounts to 730 litres. sia. The Soviet government set up an The first draft plan for a sewage The Vasilyevsky Island Spit agency for the construction of the Vol­ system was drawn up in the mid-1920s. decked out for the Olympics khov Hydro-Power Station. True, com­ have long since solved the town's Its construction began shortly after on pared to the large-scale power plants energy problem. Vasilyevsky Island, with the installa­ later built by Leningraders, their first­ The city's water supply, too, has tion of deep water-collectors, and a born looks tiny. The various hydro- wmm been increased. Today (with account pumping station. The Leningrad power and thermal-power stations and wMmTMmÊ for the needs of industry and the muni­ sewage system ranks among the best. the Leningrad Atomic-Power Station 157 156

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ; ::

adapted to the sale of goods with Olympic symbols and souvenirs. TMHCKAîl IB -, ..jP'tim../ i. • The Olympiyets Shops on Bolshoi Avenue in Petrogradsky district and Olympiisky Souvenir on Nevsky - f - Avenue were refitted for the sale of Olympic items. These were also on fmlmmm •' sale at Beryozka and Krystal shops, at ISiii^i.^ hotel kiosks, tourist complexes, sta­

' • tions, the airport, and in gardens and • • c parks of Leningrad and its suburbs. r « ac r n: m k • • • i> it ) • rt. s • in I m rr m fi m • |1P i I :; Hotel «Pribaltyiskaya» Inside the restaurant of the Hotel Yevropeiskaya

...... ,'•.:

In accordance with the Soviet Belt, a unique 200-kilometre-long me­ congresses. This is where the official government's decision on protecting morial complex excircling Leningrad. reception before the opening of the the Baltic Sea against pollution, the Thousands upon thousands of people Leningrad football tournament was problem of sewage treatment is being are continuously engaged in improving held. Original material and works of effectively resolved. Purification plants it. decorative and applied art were used have already been put into operation for the interior decoration of its smaller on Bely Island and construction has dining rooms, Neva, Severnaya Pal­ begun of the more powerful Severniye Leningrad is renowned for its hos­ mira, Pavlovsk, Petrodvorets and plants. In the next five years the entire pitality. Not a single day goes by with­ Kronstadt. system will be completed. out some delegation or group of All the hotels had service bureaus The question of garbage disposal foreign or Soviet tourists visiting it. for various everyday needs of visitors. and utilisation is being solved with the During the football tournament the More than 400 of Leningrad's 1,700 help of a pneumo-container pipeline influx of visitors averaged 16,000- service enterprises were situated and garbage disposal plant. To keep 17,000 a day. along Olympic routes, with the the town clean, more than 1,500 mach­ Hosting the participants in the foot­ appropriate pictograms in their display ines of various kinds are employed in ball tournament was no great problem. windows. sweeping and sprinkling the streets, However, Sportivnaya Hotel, situated Special attention was paid to cater­ and carting away snow in winter. in the vicinity of the stadium where ing, with 69 of the best restaurants, The extensive use of natural gas they trained and competed, was built cafés and dining rooms with a seating and central heating help greatly in especially for their convenience. capacity of around 22,000 having been avoiding air pollution. Practically every Foreign guests were accommo­ made available to visitors. household is ensured an unlimited dated in the best hotels, the better Much was done to provide efficient supply of gas and hot water, and no known of which are the Astoria and the and speedy service for guests at the meters have been installed to gauge Yevropeiskaya, the Moscow and Le­ Kirov Stadium. Numerous pavilions their use. ningrad hotels, situated in the most were set up at the upper level and at Special care is shown for Lenin­ attractive parts of the city. the bottom of the hill. Souvenirs and grad's green belt. Around 12,000 hec­ The Pribaltiiskaya Hotel with 2,400 flowers, ice cream and soft drinks were tares of shrubbery and trees have been beds, the city's largest, was opened on sale near the Stadium and at the planted there during the years since shortly before the football tournament. Primorsky Victory Park encircling it. the revolution. The windows of this monumental 17- Shortly before the football tourna­ New gardens, boulevards and story structure open on to the Bay of ment many Leningrad shops were parks were laid—in Bolshoi Avenue on Finland. The new hotel boasts of a renovated. Gostinny Dvor on Nevsky Vasilyevsky Island, Marsovo Pole, and spacious complex of restaurants. Its Avenue, the largest department store Elagin Island (Central Recreation main dining room, the Leningrad, in the city, was completely remodelled. Park), and so on. which faces the bay, can also be used All the sections of the almost 200- A favourite site is the Slava Green for variety and vaudeville, films and metre long arcade of shops were

158 159 1^

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Science, Education, Culture and Public Health

specialised secondary schools, in­ the world's foremost museums of art cluding specialised secondary and and cultural history. It derives its fame vocational schools. Their student not only from its antique, Egyptian, and body exceeds 110,000, with 40 per medieval collections, from paintings, cent of them combining work with sculptures and the graphic art of West part-time and correspondence studi­ and East Europe, but also from works es. These educational establishments of Russian 13th- to 19th-century art. annually graduate personnel in 200 The Hermitage is a superbly har­ V'. • • /-.V-il specialities. monious architectural ensemble, con­ There are more than 550 secondary sisting of the Winter Palace, the Minor, schools attended by about 400,000 Old, and New Hermitage blocks, and - J children and youngsters. Schools are the Hermitage Theatre—buildings increasingly teaching some subjects in being designed by the leading archi­ foreign languages and offering more tects of the latter half of the 18th and in-depth studies of mathematics, early 19th centuries. physics, chemistry or literature. Inexhaustible is the word for the Young working people get a constant flow of visitors to this and the secondary education at the city's 97 city's other museums—the Leningrad part-time and correspondence branch of the Central Lenin Museum, schools. the Museum of Leningrad History, the Leningrad initiated the move Central Naval Museum, the Museum of widening the network of vocational the Ethnography of the USSR, and, of schools, where trainees also get a course, the Russian Museum (founded secondary-school education. The in 1898 as a collection of Russian art, city's 132 vocational schools have and since 1917 also of Soviet art). Leningrad has long been a centre highly qualified personnel. Their The Institute of Exact some 100,000 trainees learning some It has become a tradition for guests Mechanics and Optics of advanced science. Here many great overall number amounts to 260,000. 300 different trades. of the city to visit the cruiser Aurora, scientists worked, such as Mikhail Fundamental and applied studies Industrial and other enterprises run which fired a cannon to signal the Lomonosov, Dmitry Mendeleyev, Alex­ are being carried out on a large scale The reading room of the their own study courses where 700,000 beginning of the October uprising and Saltykov-Shchedrin Public ander Popov and Kliment Timiryazev. and in close relation to production. Leningraders annually upgrade their the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, Library Their traditions were carried on after Leningrad's specialist institutes, qualifications or master new skills. where victims of the nazi blockade of the October Revolution by Ivan Pavlov, scientific and production associations Another popular form of education World War II are buried in common Nikolai Vavilov, Yevgeny Pavlovsky, and enterprises annually develop up to is people's universities, public lecture graves. Abram loffe, losif Orbeli, Sergei Lebe- 700 types of machinery, equipment, centres that promote self-education The city itself is nothing short of an dev, Alexander Karpinsky, Vladimir apparatuses, devices and automation and the cultural development of the open-air museum. Hereby the begin­ Komarov, Sergei Vavilov, and Igor Kur- technology and put more than 500 public at large. ning of the 19th-century Russian clas­ chatov. The scientific schools and types on the production line. This One third of the city's population, sic architecture, like Russian literatu­ trends they started gave birth to major shows that science has become a pro­ 1,500,000 Leningraders, are constantly re and fine arts, earned the place of Soviet scientific centres, which were duction force. taking courses of some kind. Accord­ prominence that Russian national cul­ generally named after their founders. Leningrad is by rights referred to as ing to statistics, Leningrad leads other ture holds today. The genius of the The first Russian research and educa­ a crucible of diplomated personnel. Soviet cities in the level of secondary architects created magnificent build­ tional establishments were founded in Leningrad's 41 higher educational es­ and specialised education among the ings and ensembles on the banks of the city, among them the Naval tablishments are attended by 280,000 youth. the Neva. Academy (1715), a School of Engineer­ students. Every tenth Leningrader now Leningrad scientists did a great The city centre is dominated by two ing (1719) and the Academy of holds a diploma in engineering, eco­ deal to provide the Games of the XXII buildings, that of the Cathedral of the Sciences.(1925). nomics, medicine, law, teaching, etc. Olympiad with equipment. The Lenin­ Peter and Paul Fortress and that of the St. Petersburg saw quite a few dis­ Forty thousand young specialists grad television research centre de­ Admiralty, the latter in the classic style coveries of world importance, includ­ graduate from the city's higher educa­ signed most of the sophisticated with numerous collonades and arches ing that of the Periodic Table of the tional establishments every year. equipment for the Olympic TV and (architect Andreyan Zakharov). Elements, the incandescent light bulb, During the 35 years since the war radio complex. Another Leningrad building of great a jet-propelled flying machine, radio Leningrad schools of higher learning The Popov Research Institute of beauty is the former Petersburg Stock communication, TV images via an have trained 1,000,000 specialists in Radio Broadcasting and Acoustics, Exchange (1805-1816, by architect electron-ray tube and the manufacture a wide range of fields. Leningrad's stu­ also located in Leningrad, developed Thomas de Thomon; building works of the first heavy aircraft. The work of dents include 10,000 foreigners from excellent audio equipment for the new directed by A. Zakharov), which now the Pulkovo Observatory (now the more than 100 countries. TV and radio complex and for some houses the Central Naval Museum. Main Observatory of the USSR Among the city's major institutions Olympic sites. One more monumental construction, Academy of Sciences) won world of higher learning are Zhdanov State which commemorates the victory of renown and the successes of the University, the Kalinin Polytechnic, the the Russian people in the Patriotic War St. Petersburg school of mathematics Herzen Teachers' Training Institute, The city on the Neva, a repository of of 1812 (against Napoleon), is the were just as widely recognised. the North-Western Correspondence Russian and Soviet culture, is known Archway of the General Staff Head­ At present Leningrad continues to Polytechnic, the Academician Obraz- for its fine artistic tradition. quarters, a gala passage from Nevsky be one of the country's major science tsov Institute of Railway Engineering Its cultural life is mirrored in its 47 Avenue to Dvortsovaya Square (archi­ centres with its 300 research and de­ and the V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) Electric museums, with the Hermitage, founded tect Carlo Rossi). sign organisations and higher educa­ Engineering Institute. as a private collection by Empress The city's fabulous architectural tional establishments staffed with The city has a ramified network of Catherine II in 1764, ranking as one of pattern is set by the Rostral columns

160 161

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library and building of the former Russian Cultural life is in harmony with the artists marshalled enterprise and in- lactic centres and 948 first-aid rooms. The Pushkin Museum-Flat Academy of Sciences, the huge city's outer appearance. Its sixteen ventiveness to give Leningrad a festive These figures are constantly growing. St. Isaac's Cathedral, the dynamic theatres are open to devotees of the look. The Neva embankments in the Leningrad with its more than 35,000 The Dostoyevsky Literary- Bronze Horseman on his rearing drama, opera, and ballet. The company heart of the city, the Vasilyevsky Island, medics has long been an important Memorial Museum mount surrounded by the former of Leningrad's Kirov Opera and Ballet and the Kirov and Nevsky avenues medical research and training centre. Senate and Holy Synod buildings, the Theatre (founded in 1783) has won were adorned in Olympic garb. At the Quite a few of Leningrad's medical col- elegant Alexander Column and the renown abroad on its many tours, and Kirov Stadium designers and artists leges and research centres combine Menshikov Palace, the city's first brick the Gorky Bolshoi Drama Theatre, arranged displays dealing with the their work with practical medical activ- mansion, the Alexander Nevsky Comedy Theatre, Pushkin Drama international Olympic movement and ity in their own hospitals and outpati- Monastery, and the Summer Gardens. Theatre, LenSoviet Theatre, and many the participation in it of Soviet athletes, ent clinics. This is true, among others, Many landmarks are connected others are also held in high repute. This in addition to the visual media and of the First Pavlov Medical Institute, with the name of Lenin—the Smolny Music lovers were invited to the decorations. and of such research institutions as Institute, which was the headquarters concert halls of the Dmitry Shostako­ The city's eighty cinemas were the Turner Children's Orthopaedics of the October Revolution, and Tavri- vich Philharmonic Society and the open as usual. Six of them—Lenin- Research Centre, the Bekhterev Insti- chesky Palace, where Lenin frequently Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatoire grad, Kolyseum, Avrora, Khudozhes- tute of Psychoneurology, the Institute spoke at public meetings. (founded in 1862). tvenny, Ruslan, and Molniya—were of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Of unparallelled beauty are the At the large Oktyabrsky Concert designated specially for Olympians the Petrov Cancer Research Institute. ensembles of palaces and parks at Hall, visitors were regaled by the and visitors. Industrial and other enterprises Petrodvorets, Pushkin, and Pavlovsk, music-hall company, appearing in a In short, Leningrad gave guests and continue expanding their medical restored after the devastation brought review, "Hallo, Moscow!", and at the participants in the Olympic football facilities: more than 60 of them main- there during the past war. Petrodvo­ Yubileiny Sports Palace by an ice- tournament an ample opportunity to tain outpatient clinics and ten have rets, founded by Peter I in 1709, is review. Variety shows and amateur partake of the cultural fare of the large their own hospitals. known all over the world for its pic­ song and 'dance groups entertained at Soviet city. Leningrad has an extensive net­ turesque system of fountains and cas­ the city's many variety stages, and work of medical, disease-preventing cades, and landscaped parks—the there were also public performances at and health-building centres for chil- Alexander, English, Alexandria, and the new Lenin Palace of Sports. The most illustrious accomplish- dren. The past five years saw another Lower. Matching them in beauty is the No modern city is conceivable with­ ment of the Soviet health service is the 18 outpatient clinics built. A hospital Grand Palace (where the Blue Room, out a film studio. Leningrad, too, has fact that life expectancy in Leningrad was recently opened following renova- the Oak and Gala stairways, and the its film-maker—the Lenfilm Studios, has reached 70 years, whereas before tion in Vyborgsky District, and chil- Audience Hall have been reopened to founded in 1918 and ranking among the revolution it was only 34. dren's hospitals in the Vasilyevsky the public after restoration works). the leading studios of the Soviet Union. The Soviet government radically Island and Oktyabrsky districts had Pushkin (until 1918 Tsarskoye Selo) Some of Lenfilm's best pictures are changed the situation, placing health new buildings added. was founded in 1708 as a country seat Chapayev (1934), The Baltic Fleet care within the reach of the people and Specialised medical care for chil- of the Russian tsars, with the palace Deputy (1937), Peter I (1937-1939), making it free and largely based on dren is also being upgraded. The city (begun in 1717 and rebuilt in baroque Man With a Rifle (1938), Hamlet (1964), mass-scale preventive measures. The has 12 outpatient clinics where the by Bartolomeo Rastrelly in 1752-1757) Bonus (1975), and Let Me Speak number of doctors in the city has more experienced children's doctors famed for its Agate Room and the (1976). grown manyfold: the doctor-to-patient examine small patients from all of the Camerone Gallery. Many Leningrad actors took part in ratio is now 1:130. city's districts. Pavlovsk is known chiefly for the the opening and closing ceremonies at At present the city has 145 hospi- Quite recently a general children's Ekaterininsky Palace with its recently the Kirov Stadium. Leningrad publish­ tals with 57,000 beds. In addition, the hospital for 600 beds was opened in restored Grand Hall, the five halls of ers marked the Olympic celebration city has 150 outpatient clinics for Uritsk. The smart layout of the build- the Rastrelli enfilade, and the elegance with books, pamphlets, and pro­ grownups and 78 for children, 85 wo- ings ensures coordination between all of its park. grammes on Olympic topics. The city's men's consultation offices, 58 prophy- the departments and helps meet all the

162 163

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The Pushkin Academic requirements of modern medicine. It As early as 1918, a first-aid service The Hermitage. The More than 500 beds were reserved Drama Theatre has the city's first resuscitation depart­ was established in the city, with a staff Jordanian Staircase of the in July 1980 in the therapeutic, surgery, ment for newborn children, a special of 50 and 2 ambulances. Today the ser- Winter Palace infectious and other departments of first-aid service and a research centre. vice has two large hospitals, specia­ the integrated Botkin Hospitals Nos. 3, The overall network of children's hos­ lised centres and a research institute. The Hermitage. The 20, 26 and 30, where patients were hos­ with 400 ambulances working round Malachite Hall of the Winter pitalised at any time. pitals has 10,000 beds. Twenty-eight pajafîp sanatoria accommodating 5,000, have the clock. Some 40 medical teams In addition, aid was rendered at the been built for Leningrad's children. have been set up for reanimation, and hospital of the Vreden Institute of It is only natural that systematic for cardiological, toxicological, neu­ Traumatology and Orthopaedics, at measures designed to promote child rological, psychiatric and other aid. general outpatient clinics No. 1 and health care are bringing tangible re­ Leningrad has city, district and No. 51 and at dental clinic No. 1. sults, as is forcefully corroborated by departmental epidemic prevention sta­ First-aid station functioned at the fact that in the past twenty years tions staffed not only with doctors but places where the visitors stayed, at diphtheria, whooping cough, measles also with engineers and chemists. railway terminals, and airports. and poliomyelitis have been complete­ Their common aim is to protect All in all, about 2500 medical ly eradicated. people's health, which can be ensured people were on hand for the Olympic by keeping the air, water and the entire football tournament. environment clean and by preventing our foreign guests, of course, infectious diseases. noticed that there were few children in the streets in summer. But those who chanced to visit holiday centrés were The potential of the Leningrad able to see there hosts of Young Pio­ health services made it possible to neers and small children, enjoying provide adequate health care both for their vacations and fortifying their the participants in the football tourna­ health there. ment and for the numerous guests wherever they stayed or happened to be. In the environs of Leningrad there are many picturesque spots with a marvelous climate, and the holiday The medical prophylactic and area of the Karelian Isthmus, espe­ physical training centre had set up a cially along the coast of the Gulf of Fin­ polyclinic department in the new Spor- land, enjoys great popularity. Apart tivnaya Hotel, where the participants in from children's holiday centres, there the football tournament stayed. It also are many sanatoria and holiday homes ran first-aid stations at Lenin Stadium, for adults with accommodations for up the site of the training sessions, and at to 15,000 people at a time. Kirov Stadium, the main sports arena.

165 164

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Sports

basketballer Lyudmila Rogozhina con­ foundation for the Lesgaft Institute of tributed to the successful showing of Physical Education, the first in the the Soviet teams at the Moscow Olym­ country, opened after the October pics. Revolution. These remarkable achievements Sporting life was democratised at are based on the long-standing sport­ the turn of the century. The first foot­ ing traditions of the city, as it was ball league in Russia—the Petersburg actually in Leningrad where national League—was organised in 1901. They physical education originated. For a took part in the Games of the V Olym­ long time, though, sports were the pre­ piad. rogative of the select few. Physical education and sport, Peter the Great, the founder of being in prerevolutionary Russia the St Petersburg, is known for his insis­ prerogative of the wealthy, became tence in making the townsfolk learn accessible to all and developed on a r \ J how to handle river vessels. At that mass scale only after the Great Octo­ iylfeî^o time sailboats and light rowboats filled ber Revolution. An extensive sports the Neva River, and their races were movement also began in socialist quite common. Leningrad. Suffice it to say that back in Back in 1827 the first swimming 1924 the popular sports club Spartak school was set up in the city. In 1834 (started in 1922) organised in Lenin­ another school appeared near the grad the first Spartakiade covering a Summer Gardens and had a swimming number of sports. In 1923 an evening pool and two springboards. newspaper established a prize for the When the rivers were frozen over winner of long-distance races from the The Hotel Sportivnaya was the Olympic Village for the they were turned into skating rinks and town of Pushkin. These races have participants of the football sled hills where the Petersburghers been popular ever since. Leningrad- tournament learned skating and sledding. Moscow track-and-field meets and Since the mid-eighteenth century football matches have become tradi­ riding schools and drill halls were built tional. The biggest industrial enter­ for guard regiments and military col­ prises of the city produced fairly large leges. Initially these were meant exclu­ and effective sports bodies and exten­ sively for equestrian sports, but later sive construction of stadiums and they were used for fencing, gymnas­ other sports facilities was underway. tics, athletics and wrestling. Sports enthusiasts actively trained The first yacht-clubs which ap­ for the Prepared for Labour and peared in the mid-nineteenth century Defence qualification standards. This promoted yachting and rowing. nation-wide campaign revealed a good Skating rinks in the Yusupov Gar­ many promising young people who dens had been continually operating became first-rate athletes. since 1865. Here, the academy of The outstanding event was the 1st figure skaters was initiated where USSR Trade-Union Spartakiade of Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin excelled. 1932 with the participation of workers He was the one and the only Olympic from Germany. champion of prerevolutionary Russia Most outstanding in the 30's were who won the Olympic championship at the swimmers—Alexander Shumin, the IV Games of 1908 in London for Vladimir Kitayev, Klavdiya Alyoshina, execution of optional figures. This Galina Kuznetsova, and others. In the 2 bronzes. Tatyana Kazankina made a The Olympic flame in The athletes of Leningrad have outstanding athlete was 16-times na­ prewar years Leningrad swimmers brilliant showing in the 1,500 metres. Leningrad been on the Soviet Olympic teams at tional figure-skating champion and 23- held 17 national records. Vera Komisova won the 100 metres, all summer and winter Games. Forty- times pistol-shooting champion. Among the best track-and-fielders and Viktor Rashchupkin, the discus five of the city's finest athletes took In 1885 Doctor V. Krayevsky of the USSR were Leningraders Ivan throw. Elena Davydova and Alexander part in the Moscow Olympics, winning founded a weightlifting school. In 1893 Kozlov, Alexander Reshetnikov, the Dityatin became all-round champions a total of 54 medals—23 gold, 23 silver, the Society for Promotion of Physical Shekhtel brothers, Alexander and Ar­ in the gymnastics tournament. After and 8 bronze. All in all, Leningrad ath­ Development was founded in Peters­ thur, Viktor Alekseyev, Boris Vzorov, the Olympics, Dityatin was decorated letes have amassed 99 gold, 76 silver burg on the initiative of the progressive Galina Turova, Vera Vasilyeva, Tamara for his outstanding victory with the and 61 bronze Olympic medals. sports-minded public. One of the Orlova, and others, who held 15 na­ Order of Lenin, and Davydova with the The swimmers from Leningrad prime missions of the Society was the tional records all together. The gym­ Order of the Red Banner of Labour. made a special mark at the Moscow cultivation of games and athletic exer­ nasts Nikolai Sery and Maria Tyshko Three Leningrad cyclists—Vladimir Olympics, winning 18 medals, of which cises among children of the poor. From succeeded in taking first places at the Osokin, Victor Manakov and Alexander seven golds. Vladimir Salnikov won 1895 till 1909 the Society was headed International Workers' Olympiad in An­ Krasnov—contributed to the victory of three Olympic golds, Sergei Kopliakov by P. Lesgaft, an outstanding scient­ twerp. the Soviet quartet in the track pursuit two, and Andrei Krylov and Ivar Stukol- ist and educator. One of the greatest The sporting life of Leningrad did race, while Leningrad volleyballers kin won one each. merits of the society was the organisa­ not fade out even during the ordeal of Vyacheslav Zaitsev, Alexander Ermilov Twelve Leningrad track-and-field tion of courses for physical fitness the wartime blockade. It is remarkable and Vladimir Dorokhov, and the girl athletes won 4 golds, 4 silvers, and instructors. These courses laid the that on July 19, 1942, a sports festival

166 167

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library «

• •' :, ' -• m" ingr^

^ Ife'

® 1 - •

S - ;^rï **• &am&? S

I p

«• "' '.

i ^ i vt \t,. • * ^ '*ce. .-•« /: !m• I «îi»' 4^:%< -j**. •••- & ROTHII^HH

h -V^r • • - ,

^ V " 1 É3i *

-v

168

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library speed-skating tracks, 791 gyms, 23 swimming pools, 81 skiing centres, and 97 shooting ranges. Leningrad's sports school annually train 400 Masters of Sports, 7,500 Can­ didate Masters of Sports and first gra­ ders, and 285,000 sportsmen of various other gradings. The city has about a hundred sports schools for children and teenagers. ...On July 19 the Red Arrow train brought the Olympic flame from Mos­ cow to Leningrad. A welcoming ceremony was held at the Moscow Railway Station. Then the Olympic flame was carried in an open car, escorted by motorcyclists, to the building of the Leningrad City Soviet. The Olympic torch relay began on July 20. The first leg was between the municipal building and the world- famous monument the Bronze Horse­ man—the monument to Peter the Great, founder of the city. The second leg ran along the Neva River. And when was held at a "certain football field", remained active in big-time sports for Rider Ivan Kizimov is proud pos­ the relay passed underneath the as the Leningradskaya Pravda put it, quite some time, training future Olym­ sessor of the full range of Olympic Palace Bridge, flames flared on the crowned by two football matches. The pians. One of his trainees, Galina awards—2 golds, 1 silver and Rostral Columns, fountains shot up at playing field was actually the Lenin Yermolova, won the bronze medal in 1 bronze. Yuri Tarmak's gold-winning the spit of Vasilyevsky Island, and 22 Stadium, which was drastically re­ Montreal. high jump in Munich and the finishing torches blazed on the battlements of constructed before the 1980 Olympics Pavel Kharin and Gratsian Botev spurts of Tatyana Kazankina who won the Peter and Paul Fortress. The third to become a well-equipped training brought new fame to Leningrad by win­ the 1,500 and 800 m in Montreal are leg past the legendary cruiser Avrora area of the Leningrad football tourna­ ning gold and silver medals in unforgettable episodes in the history of and ended at Kuibyshev Street. Further ment. canoeing at the Melbourne Games. world sports. on the Olympic flame was carried to After the war Soviet athletes, And in Rome Oleg Golovanov and The athletes of Leningrad also the Museum of the Great October Leningraders among them, won in­ Valentin Boreiko took the gold in the competed successfully at the Winter Socialist Revolution situated in the ternational renown, notably after their coxless pairs at the Albano Lake. Games. Among the Olympic champions mansion, from the balcony of which first appearance in the Olympic Games Lyudmila Pinayeva, a kayakist from were the men ski racers Vladimir Kuzin Lenin often addressed workers in the of 1952. Leningrad, won gold medals in Tokyo, and Yevgeny Belyaev, the women ski stormy April days of 1917. Galina Zybina, a shot-putter from Mexico City and Munich, twice in the racers Lyubov Baranova, Marina Then the relay continued along Leningrad, has become a virtual hero singles and once in the doubles with Gusakova, Yevgeniya Mekshilo and Kirov Avenue, the Pesochnaya Em­ among Soviet Olympians. She partici­ Ye. Kuryshko from Kharkov. Nina Baldycheva, the speed skaters bankment and entered Krestovsky Is­ pated in four Olympiads, winning three Gennady Shatkov became the box­ Boris Shilkov, Yevgeny Kulikov, Galina different medals, the most precious of ing hero in Melbourne. Valéry Popen- Stepanskaya, the biathletes Nikolai land. The last legs were a sort of home­ stretch along the central alley of the which was the one captured in Hel­ chenko, another brilliant boxer of Puzanov, Rinat Safin, and Anatoly sinki. For her outstanding achieve­ Primorsky Park of Victory to the Kirov Leningrad school, excelled in Tokyo Alyabyev. Stadium. Here the Olympic flame ments she was decorated with the where he won the gold medal and the Olympic medals represent the hig­ flared in the bowl, opening the Olympic Order of the Red Banner of Labour. It is Val Barker Cup. hest level of sports excellence. The group football tournament in Lenin­ remarkable that Galina received her Anatoly Roshchin, the Greco-Ro- majority of the Soviet Olympic medall­ grad. very first medal For Defence of Lenin­ man heavyweight wrestler, exhibited ists began with competitions for a The city of Leningrad and its people grad in the besieged city when she was phenomenal self-composure and fight­ modest Prepared for Labour and did everything to provide the best pos­ just thirteen. ing spirit. He won Olympic silver med­ Defence badge. In Leningrad alone sible conditions for the football tourna­ Excellent skill and strength was als twice—in Tokyo and Mexico over a million people are involved in ment in which the teams of Venezuela, displayed by other women shot-putters City—and world championships three tackling the PLD qualification stan­ Zambia, Colombia, Cuba, Kuweit, Ni­ from Leningrad: Tatyana Tyshkevich, times. His rich collection of trophies dards and 350,000 people have ful­ champion of the Melbourne Olympics; geria, and Czechoslovakia took part. lacked only the Olympic gold medal. At filled them. Tamara Press, champion of the Olym­ the Olympic Games in Munich he was The mass involvement in sports pic Games in Rome and Tokyo, and forty,'but age did not prevent him from activities has been made possible by Nina Chizhova, who excelled in Mun­ out-wrestling all his contenders to win, the extensive development of sports ich. All of them were trainees of the at last, the coveted Olympic cham­ facilities. At present the city has some outstanding coach V. Alexeyev, the pion's title. 3,400 sports buildings; 63 stadiums (of head of the famous athletics school in For outstanding merits in sport the which 33 stadiums can accommodate Leningrad. renewed Olympians L. Pinayeva, over 1,500 each), 285 football pitches, Yuri Tyukalov twice won the Olym­ G. Shatkov, A. Roshchin were deco­ 782 basketball courts, 797 volleyball pic single sculls—in Helsinki and Mel­ rated with the highest award of the courts, 109 figure-skating rinks, 272 bourne. Yuri, an artist by occupation. country—the Order of Lenin. ice-hockey rinks, 28 bandy fields, 24 170 171

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Kiev. Olympic Football Tournament

4-- ^ n# -w-»- • ' ' • SP •*" .

5

i «ac

ti

L L ,

172 173

• h" •

i Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The thrilling atmosphere of greeting the Olympic torch relay as it passed through the Ukraine will never be forgotten in the republic's cities and villages. And the residents of Kiev are especially proud that their ancient but "eternally young" city was an Olympic satellite of Moscow, the host of matches of the foot­ ball tournament of the Games of the 22nd Olympiad. The working people of the republic will cherish for a long time their impres­ sions of warm and friendly meetings with sportsmen, guests, journalists and tour­ ists. And judging by their comments, they also retained vivid impressions of those meetings and the cordial reception accorded them. The tremendous amount of varied work carried out by public and state orga­ nisations of the Ukrainian SSR brought the desired results. This pleases those of us who took part in the preparations for the 1980 Olympics, and gives us afeeling of profound satisfaction that what we did served to strengthen friendship among many nations of the world. The Ukrainian cities and villages along the route of the Olympic torch relay were decorated in a way befitting the scale and significance of this event. The competitions to select the participants in the relay that were held in the republic aroused public interest in the Olympic movement and its noble ideals. After major reconstruction done before the Games, the Kiev Republican Stadium became one of the most unique sports complexes in terms of architec­ ture, sports and technology. But reconstruction was not confined to the Republican Stadium alone. Other sports facilities were also modernised, as well as hotels, restaurants, every­ day services and the transportation system. Everything was done so that the tournament's competitors and visitors were welcomed, accommodated and provided with services on the highest level of excellence. The republic's leading entertainers gathered in Kiev under the banner of the Olympic cultural programme. More than five thousand professionals and amateurs performed in the arts festival. Interesting exhibitions were also arranged for the sportsmen and visitors. Recalling the behest of the founders of the contemporary Olympic movement that the Games should advance the development of physical culture and sports, we tried to realize the motto "The Olympic Games Aren't Only for Olympians!". Seventeen million people—or one out of every three citizens of the Soviet Ukraine—are regularly involved in physical culture and sports. Our citizens have free access to 900 stadiums, 250 swimming pools and over 140 thousand other sports facilities. Everything is done in the republic to make physical culture and sports a part of life in every home and family. The 1980 Olympics gave this process a new stimulus: the influx of people of various ages to sports clubs and groups has increased considerably. Active preparations forthe 1984 Olympics are now underway in the republic. Ukrainian sportsmen have significantly improved their skills and hope that they'll perform well, making a new contribution to the further development of the Olympic movement.

P. Yesipenko, Chairman of the 1980 Olympics Organising Committee of the Ukrainian SSR

175

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Kiev, Capital of the Soviet Ukraine

I

n jP

-m » t,\ i

4 n. came down to us in chronicle under The metrobridge across the m the year 482 A.D. In the sixth and sev- Dnieper enth centuries Kiev was already a large è town standing on the cross-roads of trading routes. From the ninth to the early twelth century it carried on a brisk 'T "" trade with the Southern and Western Slavs, Vikings and Germanic tribes, and with Byzantium. This is where the feudal way of production, town and vil­ lage crafts, agriculture, cattle breed­ m ing, literature, art and architecture mm took root. The foundations of the country's .-ms culture were laid in Kiev: the first schools and libraries arose here, the Hero-City Kiev is the capital of the continental, the mean temperature of Kreshchatik, the city's main first country-wide collection of laws, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It the coldest month (January) being thoroughfare Russkaya Pravda, appeared here, the has been awarded three Orders of -5.60C and of the hottest Mogilyansky Collegium, subsequently Lenin and the Gold Star Medal (in (July) + 19.90C. transformed into an academy, came 1954, 1961 and 1965). Local govern­ In the old chronicles Kiev is called into being. ment is exercised by the Kiev City "Mother of the Russian Cities". Kiev's The city grew and developed in the Soviet of People's Deputies. 1,500th anniversary will be marked in struggle to consolidate the Old Rus­ Kiev lies along the Dnieper River in May 1982. A special decision has been sian state. Legends, chronicles and its middle reaches from north to south adopted in this respect by UNESCO. historical accounts tell us of the cour­ over 60 km and 45 km from west to To be sure, Kiev is probably older age and valour of the city's inhabitants east. than believed by modern historians. who staunchly defended their land The main part of the city is situated Archaeologists have discovered set­ against the nomad Khozars, Pech- on the high right bank with its many tlements on the present site of the city enegs, Polovtsy, and Mongol-Tatars, gullies and ravines, while two new dis­ dating far back into the B.C. period. and against the Lithuanian and Polish tricts have mushroomed on the flat left The legend of the town's founder, KM, feudal lords. Kiev Rus served as West bank. Kiev's climate is moderately chief of the Slavic tribe of the Polyane, Europe's buffer, absorbing the on-

176 177

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library r-* i

v' ùnt^tt^-s&ï'*ê43m:x% •: ^.f Midf j

1 V> - ^'Vy * ' • '<- r Ì ! j

r-i

«fÉk

S87M.ct«>«hoi

L

slaught of the Oriental conquerors and Lenin, on the Soviet Ukraine's capital The monument in honour of J stopping the Mongol-Tatar hordes at in May 1954. the Great October Socialist the cost of untold deprivations. The reunification of the Ukraine Revolution Enduring the cruel exploitation of with Russia and union of two fraternal the feudal lords, Kiev's craftsmen, sol­ peoples were instrumental in the The monument to Taras diers and small merchants staged ancient town's further progress and Shevchenko many bold uprisings, and they were the rise of its glorious revolutionary also the ones who defended their town traditions. The peasant reform of 1861 The monument to Lesya against invaders. gave an impulse to the development of Ukrainka ; - r= In the middle of the seventeenth capitalism. In the second half of the century Kiev played a major role in the last century Kiev was one of the major Ukrainian people's struggle to reunite administrative and industrial centres with the Russian people and streng­ of tsarist Russia where first social- then friendly relations between them. democratic organisations appeared at Kiev actively supported Bogdan the end of the 1890s. An extensive part Khmelnitsky who proclaimed an eter­ in promoting the working class and nal alliance with fraternal Russia in revolutionary-democratic movement in 1654. Thus, political, economic, and Kiev was played by the League of cultural unity between Russia and the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Ukraine began. On the occasion of the Working Glass which arose soon after 300th anniversary of the Ukraine's re­ Lenin's League of Struggle in St. Pe­ union with Russia, the Presidium of the tersburg. The Ulyanov family—Lenin's USSR Supreme Soviet bestowed the brother and sisters—took an active country's highest award, the Order of part in the activities of the Bolshevik

178 179

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library •w

V.; , V .

The Church of St. Andrew

The monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky

The "Golden Gates"—one of the city's oldest landmarks IMIMI "M, « • '* r r ? ? î ^ The belfry of the Kiev Pecherskaya Lavra

group in the Kiev Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party in 1903-1904. Kiev's working people fought bravely against tsarism in the years of the First Russian Revolution of 1905- 1907. In 1917, the banner of socialist revolution was raised here following Petrograd and Moscow. One of the most brilliant pages in the history of the Ukrainian people's struggle for Soviet power was the workers' and sol­ diers' armed uprising in Kiev against the Provisional Government in Octo­ ber 1917 and the January 1918 uprising against the counter-revolutionary Cen­ tral Rada. As the unbreakable unity of the proletariat of all Russia forged by Lenin and the Communist Party was historically tested in the victorious » storming of the Winter Palace in Petro­ grad and on the barricades of Moscow, so was it at the walls of Kiev's Arsenal Plant. I In 1918-1920 the Ukrainian people together with the Red Army defeated the Central Rada, Ukrainian Directory, White Guards and interventionists il and joined the USSR as of December 30,1922. Kiev's working people restored in­ dustry, transport and public utilities

180 181

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library and carried out socialist industrialisa­ journals, manuscripts and documents tion in incredibly difficult conditions, from the Ukrainian Academy of amidst ruin and hunger, relying on the Sciences library). The nazis in Kiev assistance of the Russian and other tortured to death, shot and gassed more than 200,000 civilians, and force­ nationalities in the country. The defence of Kiev in 1941, when fully deported another 100,000 to hard Soviet troops held on to the city for labour camps in Germany. Despite the more than two and a half months, the cruel nazi terror, the courageous resis­ battle of the Dnieper, and Kiev's libera­ tance of the underground and the par­ tisans did not cease in the city for a into a city of high labour productivity, tion in 1943 went down into the history high cultural standards and exemplary of the Second World War as brilliant single day. The years following the Second public law and order. feats of arms by the people. Visitors to the Olympic football The years of nazi occupation were World War were a period of unique flourishing in Kiev's long history. The tournament could see for themselves for Kiev a time of barbarian destruc­ to what extent Kiev's residents have tion. In 778 days the nazis blew up, city was not only completely restored, succeeded in carrying through these burned down and destroyed 800 en­ it further raised its industrial, scientific tasks. terprises, as well as the railways, and cultural potential and became damaged the city plumbing and more beautiful than before the war. sewage and the tram and trolley sys­ In 1965, Kiev received the title of tem. They razed 940 office and public Hero-City. Leonid Brezhnev presented buildings, including the Ukraine's Su­ the city with the highest award, the preme Soviet building, the General Gold Medal of Hero and the Order of Post Office, a number of hotels, 1,742 Lenin. blocks of flats and 3,600 privately- In the number of inhabitants, Kiev owned houses. A total of 324 buildings currently ranks third (after Moscow were destroyed on Kreshchatik, the and Leningrad) in fhe country. city's main street, alone. The nazis Whereas in 1920 there were 366,000 looted museums, stole unique exhib­ people living in the city, its population its, precious implements and re­ is now more than 2,140,000. ligious objects, and pillaged Kiev's Following Moscow's example, the libraries (a total of 4,000,000 books, residents proclaimed a movement to including 320,000 unique editions. turn the capital of the Soviet Ukraine

182 183

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Industry, Construction and Transport

become the acknowledged centre of now 780 square kilometres. Former the chemical and power industries, outskirts—Demiyevka, Solomenka, and the lumber, woodworking, pulp and Priorka, Kurenevka, Karavayevy Dachi, paper, consumer and printing in- Borshchagovka, Darnitsa, and Nikols- dustries. kaya Slobodka—have now become A characteristic feature in the de- full-fledged urban districts linked with velopment of the city's industries is that the centre. New residential in addition to a steady increase in the blocks—the Vinogradar, Obolon, Min- output of the basic industries, all the sky, Komsomolsky, Teremki, and oth- city's enterprises, including the largest ers—have risen in the city outskirts, ones, manufacture consumer goods. The city's skyline has changed. For example, the Electronmash asso- Formerly it was dominated by the gol- ciation of enterprises will boost the den cupolas of the Kievo-Pechorsky output of such items as tape-recorders Monastery and St. Sophia Cathedral, for cars and sets of kitchen appliances Today, a 380-metre TV tower soars into in 1981 by 50 per cent. The Precision the sky, there are 20-storey buildings Engineering Plant began production of of the Shopping Centre, Kiev Hotel, a new high-quality electric shaver, and high-rise blocks on the left bank of while the Arsenal Plant is launching the Dnieper. serial production of three new ca- In the new districts, built up on for­ meras, including a mini-camera which merly water-logged land, rise the is in great demand. Rusannovka (the Venice of Kiev) and The Vulkan Plant producing artifi- Berezniaki housing developments, cial leather, the chemical fibres com- Currently, another new housing estate bine, several shoe factories, the is being put up on dredged land—Se- Luxemburg Knitted Goods Plant, Dar- verny. nitsa Silk Factory, the Ukraine Gar- The Eleventh Five-Year Plan (1981- ment Association, the Gorky and 1985) puts the emphasis on housing Smirnov-Lastochkin garment plants construction. In 1981 it is intended to and others—give an idea of Kiev as a build an amount of housing equal to centre of the consumer goods 20 per cent of the total floorspace in industry. prewar Kiev (with mandatory improve- Kiev is also famous for its pastries, ment in the quality of flats). the Kiev, Kreshchatik, Cosmos, and Kiev is constantly being renewed Slavutich cakes, candies, chocolate and expanded. This is particularly noti- and bread and related products. ceable on the threshold of the city's The scope of Kiev's industrial 1,500 anniversary. New monuments growth is reflected in the following are being erected: commemorating figures: before the revolution there the reunion of the Ukraine and Russia, were 15,000 industrial workers in the the return of West Ukrainian lands to city, today there are 700,000. Kiev's the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repub- Prior to the October Revolution it Ukrkafel). The AN airliners are built industrial enterprises produce more lie, commemmorating the city's foun- was mainly the food industry that was at the Aircraft Works. than 800 items awarded the Quality dation, an obelisk to Hero-City Kiev, developed in Kiev. The existence in the Yet Kiev's master craftsmen are not Mark. memorials to Young Communist city of an extensive sugar industry content to serve the earthmen alone. Throughout its history, Kiev has League heroes, the sailors of the Dnie- prompted people to call Kiev the "su­ The museum of Kiev's Arsenal Plant risen from ruin and ashes on many per river fleet, and to outstanding pub- gar capital". displays a camera made here with occasions. But construction work has lie, commemorating the city's foun- which Yuri Gagarin took the first pic- Kiev's industry changed beyond re­ never been conducted on such a scale ters—Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Ver- cognition in the years of Soviet power. Krasny Ekskavator, Stroydormash, as in the last decades. From year to nadsky, Alexander Korneichuk, Sidor Ukrkabel, the Shipyards). The AN air- Many different industries arose. In year the city gains new industrial Kovpak and Pavlo Tychina. Finally, an tures of the earth from outer space. 1950, the prewar level of total industrial enterprises, research and design insti- unusual outdoor museum is being Arsenal Plant workers, who made the output was exceeded by 50 per cent. tutes, apartment houses, schools, hos- built: an enormous scale model of excellent range of "Kiev" cameras However, Kiev's development as an pitals, clinics, trade and daily service 10th- and 11th-century Kiev. Restorers known far outside the country, are par­ industrial centre was particularly rapid outlets, community centres, sports are working on the famous St. Sophia ticularly proud that their product was in recent decades. As compared with facilities and public utilities. "Another" Cathedral, the Berestovo and St. An- 1940, industrial output has increased used by the first spaceman too. Kiev was built in every five-year plan drew's churches, Moscow Gates of the 27 times over in 1978. Products bear­ Their pride is shared by the person­ period after the war. The amount of Pechora Fortress, the Golden Gates, ing the trademark of Kiev's enterprises nel of the world-famed Paton Electric housing in the city has increased the Samson fountain on Red Square, Welding Institute in Kiev, for they made are currently known in 60 countries. nearly five times as compared to the The city squares, Oktyabrskaya Revo- Kiev today is a centre of machine- the special welding device so skilfully 1940 figure. In the last ten years, more lutsiya, Moskovskaya, Pochtovaya, and instrument-making (Leninskaya used by spaceman Alexei Leonov in a than 1,000,000 residents of Kiev have Krasnaya, Lvovskaya and Minskaya, Kuznitsa, Arsenal, Bolshevik, Toch- space experiment. moved into new, comfortable flats. The are under reconstruction, and 12 new electropribor. Relay and Automation Kiev produces the Slavutich TV city's five prefabricated housing plants pedestrian underpasses and three factories; the Computer Factory, the sets popular in the Soviet Union, the put out a new flat every 15 minutes. large grade-crossings are being built. Gorky Automated Machines Factory, Dnieper tape-recorders, and Meridian Kiev's area has expanded and is New premises are going up for the Krasny Ekskavator, Stroydormash, transistor radios. The city has long 185 184

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library of the main bowl, and the lighting was Installed in front of the centre The Hotel Slavutich branch of the Lenin Museum and for leaders, designers, construction work­ modernised. New communication lines stands is a 3.5-metre copper bowl set the Great Patriotic War Museum. Seve­ ers, artists, writers, and members of were laid and the football field was on handsome fittings. The Olympic ral shopping centres, concert halls and public organisations. overhauled. The shape of the stands is flame was lit in it on the opening day of picture galleries, a number of hotels, Thé activities of the Organising ideal: all parts of the pitch may be the Olympic football tournament. subway stations, and new pavilions at Committee, republican ministries, and observed from any seat. The guest Above the stadium rise four 83-metre the Ukrainian Economic Achievement agencies and regional organisations in stand in the west wing was renovated, lighting towers with floodlights that Exhibition are in the construction the Ukraine were directed and coordi­ and beneath it an exit was built for provided for colour TV coverage of stage. nated according to a specific and com­ competitors. Two scoreboards were matches to many countries. Construction workers paid particu­ prehensive plan. installed above the top stands. Dynamo Stadium, built back in the lar attention to preparations for the Among the many concerns of the Adjacent to the stands is a two-sto- 1930s in the centre of the city near the Olympic group football tournament republican Organising Committee, the rey press and information building. It Dnieper, has always been popular with held in Kiev. The extensive preparatory principal one was the preparation of has convenient booths for radio and TV Kiev's residents. During preparations programme which was carried out the stadium, the venue of the Olympic commentators, and a large press- for the football tournament, this sta­ stemmed from a high understanding of football tournament. centre communication facilities, a bar dium was also refurbished as a reserve the importance of the task and Now there is a spacious square and offices for 100 journalists. The facility for participants in the football profound respect for the Olympic before the stadium with flag-poles for sports building next to the stands has tournament. Workers reconstructed Charter. the flags of the countries which took locker rooms, showers, a swimming the sports arena, the stands, premises The republic's 1980 Olympics Orga­ part in the football tournament, as well pool for athletes, rooms for coaches, for athletes, figure-skating facilities. A nising Committee headed by Deputy as for signs and notices. and referees, an infirmary, and pre­ press-centre and special stands for Chairman of the Ukraine's Council of Kiev never had such an excellent mises for press conferences. A lift in a guests of honour were erected. The Ministers Pavel Yesipenko was set up sports complex: next to the stadium 30-metre tower takes one up to the construction workers managed to em­ in order to solve all concrete problems stand a physical education college and press-centre. The stadium also has phasise the stadium's beauty: the of preparing for the Olympic football sports palace. fine work-out fields, tennis courts, a ski peculiar architecture of the granite- tournament and the Olympic torch The grounds of the republican sta­ jump and an artificial ice rink. There is lined structures of the main building relay on the territory of the Ukraine. dium for 100,000 viewers extend over a new rehabilitation and diagnostics has been supplemented by the green The Organising Committee included a an area of 40 hectares. A second tier of centre. necklace of slopes round it. large group of economic and sports seats was added to the groundstands 187 186

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Kievans have taken a liking to the Borispol Airport underground. The length of the Svyatoshinsko-Brovarskaya line ex­ ceeds 18 kilometres. It is intended to build several more underground lines in the future stretching a total of 30 kilometres. In the last 20 years the Kiev underground has transported more than 2,000 million commuters. The city's motor pool has 2,500 comfortable buses (bus lines in the city total about 750 kilometres) and The Organising Committee gave Kiev's residents prefer trams and A railway terminal more than 3,000 taxis. In 1981, several constant attention to the construction trolleybuses, which carry 2,000,000 new garages will be built for 450 buses of the Olympic work-out and sports passengers daily. The length of the and 650 taxis. complex near Kiev in Koncha-Zaspa. It tram lines in the city has nearly Kiev is one of the largest transport consists of five gyms for training in reached the 300-kilometre mark and is hubs in the Soviet Union. National and gymnastics, games, weightlifting, steadily increasing, linking the city international air lines, railways and wrestling and boxing, and of a four- centre with growing outlying residen­ highways pass through the city. Motor storey dormitory with club and dining tial districts. Regular surveys are held vessels leave the river port on the room, summer cottages, and a number in Kiev to ascertain the opinion of its Dnieper heading north and south. of outdoor sports grounds. A rehabili­ residents on improving transport. For The convenience of transport ser­ tation centre on the grounds has doc­ example, residents requested that vices was fully appreciated by visitors tors' offices, rooms for physiotherapy more trams be directed during the during the Olympics. They were served and functional diagnosis, a biochemi­ rush hours to the largest industrial by more than 500 comfortable buses, cal laboratory, massage rooms, a enterprises, plants, factories and col­ while on the Dnieper they took advan­ sauna and swimming pool, showers leges. Recently, new high-speed, com­ tage of convenient motor boats for and baths. fortable Tatra trams have been added excursions (trips up the Dnieper and to The construction workers did to the city transport system. the Kiev reservoir were particularly everything they could for the Olympic popular). football tournament in Kiev to be a Kiev's residents also like the new success. high-speed tram line from Pobeda Square along Borshchagovskaya Street towards the circular highway. Kiev is a modern industrial city. As There are special stations along the 9- any other city it is full of motion. Traf­ kilometre line, similar to those of the fic—cars, trolleys, trams and subway. The line is fenced off along its buses—flows along Kiev's streets day entire length, and underground pas­ and night; trains travel in the sages and bridges enable the trams to underground; endless boats, motor travel at high speeds. In the years to vessels, and high-speed Raketa hydro­ come, such lines will link several of the foils cut the surface of the Dnieper. The capital's districts. The length of trolley transport flows become more intensive lines has reached 250 kilometres. New, with every year: the city is growing, its longer lines are being furnished. Com­ economy developing and the number fortable, heated trolleybuses take of commuters and amount of freight people from the centre to new housing increasing. developments in outlying districts.

188 189

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Utilities and Municipal Services

at various points. Particular concern is for the city to become even more shown for pedestrian safety and handsome and cleaner, not only new efficient organisation of traffic. At greenery has to be planted; the exist­ present, city residents make use of 44 ing must be taken care of, too. For this underground crossings, 44 viaducts reason the city Soviet decided to allot and 56 bridges. 7,500,000 roubles for various nature The year 1981 will be a new stage in conservation measures in the city. the city's development. More than 60 The organisers of the football million roubles have been allotted for tournament in Kiev allotted a good improving city services. It is planned to deal of attention to services for the improve a number of streets and numerous visitors. The best hotels avenues, build new viaducts and were assigned for the contestants in underpasses, and renovate the city the football matches, referees and sewage, the gas pipelines, and the guests of honour, newsmen and tour­ telephone lines. ists. Accommodation for nearly 25,000 Kiev is called a garden city. When was available at the city's hotels and one looks at Kiev from the banks of the the student hostels. Dnieper, one sees a number of green The role of the Olympic Village for hills. A series of parks lie here, the lar­ soccer players was assigned to the gest among them the Central Culture new Rus Hotel built just before the and Recreation Park. In addition, each Games on the slopes of Mount Che- district has its own parks: Dnieper repanov right above the Sports Palace District has Victory Park, Podolsk and Republican Stadium. The alumi­ District has Friendship Between Na­ nium-faced building rises above the tions Park, Darnitsa District has Parti­ entrance to the stadium grounds san Glory Park. The city has a total blending well with the architecture of of 66 parks, 39 boulevards and more the sports facilities. The 16-storey than 170 small gardens and hotel has single and double rooms, playgrounds. If the forest belt within accommodating 896 people, large city limits is added, the green area per restaurants and cafeterias, bars and a resident yields the impressive figure of tearoom, bowling alleys and games Extensive town improvement is Some 540,000 flats, 3,500 public uti­ The Hotel Rus 280 sq m. room, stands selling souvenirs, a being carried on in Kiev. For instance, lities and more than 260 plants are The chestnut is in a way a symbol of currency exchange office, a post Kiev's plumbing, built more than a hun­ supplied with gas in Kiev. Kiev. A chestnut branch is, indeed, office, a beauty parlour and barbers dred years ago, at first supplied only The city's power industry is devel­ worked into the city's coat-of-arms. shop, and a service establishment. the city's central part. In the Soviet oping at a high rate. Before the war The graceful poplars along the boule­ The interior of the Rus Hotel is also years, the Dnieper and then the Desna Kiev had three small electric power vards are a treat to the eye, and one of pleasing to the eye, ornamented by water-supply systems were put into plants. Today, alongside them, there the city districts is even known as Lipki chased metal, mosaics, vases and operation, and now provide the city are the Darnitsa Thermal Power Plant (Lime), for it is a realm of lime-trees. decorative sculptures. The Olympic residents with more than 1,000,000 and Power Plant No. 5, Tripolye Dis­ According to an inventory made in flame blazing in the bowl of the cubic metres of pure water a day, while trict Electric Power Plant, and the Kiev 1977, the city has 165,000 chestnuts, Republican Stadium could be seen the prewar system supplied only about Hydro-Electric Power Plant. Thermal lime-trees, maples, poplars and other from the hotel windows night and day. 140,000 cubic metres a day. The total Power Plant No. 6 and the Chigirinsk trees. The profusion of flower-beds The doors of more than 3,500 retail length of the city plumbing network is District Electric Power Plant are under with roses, tulips, dahlias, daffodils, outlets as well as 18 markets were more than 1,700 kilometres. A third of construction, and the Chernobylsk and asters defies the imagination. wide open for visitors. The rich natural the population and dozens of enter­ Atomic Electric Power Plant is situated The city's green garb is not only a gifts of the Ukraine attracted numerous prises make use of water from 163 not far from the city. thing of beauty, but also filters the air, tourists to these markets. artesian wells. Whereas in 1975 each Kiev has one of the country's lar­ gives it oxygen, and protects people Visitors usually had their meals at resident received 380 litres of water a gest heating systems: the overall against dust and noise. their hotel. In recent years, many small day, now he receives 392. This figure length of the city's heating mains is By Kiev's 1,500th anniversary, an restaurants furnished in the national will continue to grow in the years to nearly 1,000 kilometres. Thermal Pow­ enormous landscape park covering an Ukrainian tradition appeared in Kiev come. er Plant No. 5, the largest in the area of 30 hectares will be completed, including the Natalka, Mlyn, Vitryak, The city has considerably ex­ Soviet Union, has a capacity exceed­ trees and shrubs will be planted in the Chervona Ruta and others. Restau­ panded the sewage network, which is ing that of all the city's former plants new housing developments—Obolon, rants have also been opened named now 900 kilometres long. The recently- and operates only on natural gas. Teremki-2, Levoberezhny, Yuzhnaya after the twin cities Cracow and Leip­ built suburban Bortnichi biological There were 887 electric and 1,746 Borshchagovka and others, and the zig. But particular popularity was waste purification plant is in operation, gas lamps in pre-revolutionary Kiev, greenery along the city's main street, enjoyed by a new café opened on the processing a million cubic metres of three lamps per kilometre of street. Kreshchatik, Krasnoarmeiskaya and other side of the Dnieper and called sewage a day. The sewage is conveyed Today, 65,000 light up Kiev at night. Kirov streets, and Brest-Litovsk and 0lympiad-80. The hall lined by corru­ to Bortnichi through a tunnel underthe The electric network exceeds 1,900 Reunion avenues will get a face lift. In gated metal has lighting fixtures con­ Dnieper, and, after mechanical and kilometres. 1981 alone, 10,600,000 different flow­ sisting of five lamps symbolising the biological processing, the purified wa­ City arteries and streets with railway ers, 345,000 decorative shrubs, and five Olympic hngs. ter is discharged into the river. crossings are being relieved of excess more than 37,000 linden, birch and In the places where the visitors Upwards of 1,500 kilometres of gas traffic. poplar trees will be planted, and new were accommodated there were 54 ea­ pipelines are in operation in the city. Bridges and underpasses are built lawns will be laid on 345 hectares. But teries, 117 shops, and 3,500 soft-drink

190 191

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Science, Education, Culture and Public Health

stands, with several currency ex­ Considerable attention was given change offices. During football to transport services for the visitors. matches the Republican Stadium had They had at their disposal extensive 88 soft-drink stands, 137 ice-cream information about all city transport and vendors, 5 cafés, 7 souvenir stalls, and specially assigned motor cars and 15 newspaper stands. Special coaches. Numerous service stations _t:; -, i ! 7 shops were opened in the city to sell were in operation. During the Olympic Olympic souvenirs. tournament Kiev received about 40,000 Guidebooks for Kiev and other visitors including about 20,000 foreign tourist centres in the republic, colour­ tourists. Five hundred and twenty ful booklets, posters, photo albums buses were provided for them. and other publications dealing with During the Olympic tournament, places of interest in Kiev and the nearly 8,000 various orders were ful­ Ukraine, theatre and cinema pro­ filled for visitors (laundry, dry cleaners, grammes, and the like were put out in watch and camera repairs, barber's Kiev is rightly regarded as a city of Kazakhstan. Today, the institute is The Museum of National Architecture and Every-Day large printings in various languages. A shops, photo studios, and so on). scientists and students; It is the seat of headed by Boris Paton (also President Life special film about Intourist Olympic The Organising Committee paid the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, of the Ukrainian Academy of services was made at Intourist's serious attention to the training of per­ which is comprised of many different Sciences), an avid tennis player, swim­ mer, skier who promotes in all ways request. sonnel that serviced the visitors— research institutes and offices employ­ Kiev designers worked out an infor­ guides, interpreters, waiters, driv­ ing more than 30,000 researchers in the development of physical education mation scheme. It included a set of ers and people of other occupations. various fields. and sport among Kiev's scientific pictograms and signs installed in A total of 84 Service-80 student teams The Ukrainian Academy of intelligentsia. different parts of the city. Anyone, worked in the consumer services. Dur­ Sciences has been awarded the The Cybernetics Institute of the even a person who did not know a ing the Olympic tournament, some Orders of Lenin and Friendship Be­ Ukrainian Academy of Sciences is word of Russian, could understand 7,700 notes of gratitude for fine service tween Nations. In Kiev alone the also well known. It was here that the the information they conveyed. were written in Kiev's hotels, restau­ Academy has more than 40 research first computer in the USSR, the MESM, rants, and shops. establishments as well as 54 research was made. The institute's computer, and production enterprises. the Kiev, carried out remote control of The Academy institutes work on production processes for the first fundamental problems of mathemat­ time. The Dnieper-1 computer, for ics, physics, chemistry, biology, geolo­ example, which is installed in Kiev, gy, study of materials, as well as of a controls a number of processes at number of social sciences—philo­ enterprises in the Donets Basin. Cur­ sophy, economics, history, archaeolo­ rently, the institute has developed the gy, linguistics, literature and ethno­ third-generation Mir computer which graphy, art, and so on. can effect millions of operations a The Paton Electric Welding Insti­ second. As a result of the institute's tute is in Kiev. The name of the insti­ efforts Kiev today has nearly 500 of tute's founder is associated with the the latest computers working in the implementing in the country of efficient most varied branches of the econo­ electric-welding techniques which my. The head of the institute. Academi­ replaced the traditional riveting. The cian Glushkov, was the scientific Paton Institute has become the leading director of the Olympiad automated organisation in the country, and control system. coordinates the work of 400 organisa­ The Ukrainian capital is also known tions including research institutes in for the synthetic diamonds made at its Moscow, the Urals, Lithuania and Institute of Superhard Materials. One

192 193

mÊÊmtÊÊÊBKtÊÊÊttÊÊUÊÊKtÊKÊBÊtÊKÊKÊtKBÊtÊKÊÊÊKtKmÊtÊKmKÊIÊIKIItÊÊBÊKBÊKKBÊÊÊÊKKÊÊÊÊKÊÊtlÊKIttKKKÊKtmÊmÊÊÊÊÊmÊÊÊtÊÊÊÊÊÊmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Ukrainian Dance Ensemble, the The Research Institute of 16 republican publishing houses. The University of the most interesting excursions for Dumka Academic Chorus, ice-review, Radiology and Oncology city has 58 republican, region and local visitors was the one to the enterprise the Kobza and Mriya pop groups, a newspapers and 61 magazines, there where the man-made diamonds are special "Friendship" programme at are 4,500 amateur art groups—folk produced. the circus and others. Besides groups choruses, theatres and orchestras. Kiev is not only a city of scientists from Kiev, during the tournament per­ Such are the figures reflecting the cul­ but also of students. Today, every formances were given by the Svityaz tural life in Kiev which visitors could tenth resident of Kiev is a student. ensemble from Volyn, the Chervona acquaint themselves with during the Nearly 200,000 young men and women Ruta ensemble with the fine singer Olympic football tournament. study at the city's 18 colleges and 40 Sofia Rotaru, the Bukovina, Transcar- The curtain rises and ballerinas specialised secondary schools. More pathian and Gutsul song and dance begin to turn as if in a fairy-tale. This is than 50,000 students attend the two ensembles, and the Cherkasy Folk Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake at the leading institutions of higher learning Song Company. Shevchenko Academic Opera and Bal­ in the city—the university and poly­ And this was not all. Orchestras of let Theatre. It also stages productions technic. Kiev's colleges train experts old music performed in the museums, of Puccini's Tosca, Guno's Faustus, in 242 fields. Another 25,000 boys and the St. Andrew's Church and Refecto­ Verdi's Traviata, Borodin's Pr/nce Igor, girls go to the 35 vocational training ry; the chamber choir and the chamber at the republican Writers' Club and in Gulak-Artemovsky's Cossack Beyond schools to become skilled workers. orchestra, the Lysenko Quartet, and many book shops. the Danube and others. Sergei Korolyov, the brilliant designer the boy's choir gave concerts in other During the Olympic competitions a Opera and ballet enthusiasts are of rockets and spacecraft, Otto places, and there were big theatrical total of 300 performances were shown familiar with such names as Boris Schmidt, the famous explorer, and performances entitled "Soviet Sport in the city's theatres and concert halls, Gmyrya, Dmitry Gnatyuk, Alexander many other prominent scientists, on Review", "Youth Sings Songs of as well as circus performances, with Solovyanenko, Bella Rudenko, Yev- writers, and travellers graduated from Friendship", "Olympians Among Us", nearly half a million people attending. genia Miroshnichenko, dancers Kali- Kiev colleges. and there were amateur art perfor­ Another 300,000 people were present novskaya and Potapova. Kiev's children attend 300 schools mances at various community centres. at special events in Kiev's seventeen The Ivan Franko Academic Ukrain­ and engage in sports activities in 53 They were very popular. leading museums, seven libraries, six ian Drama Theatre has put on such children's and youth sports schools Speaking of Kiev's cultural pro­ cinemas, and four parks. There were plays as The Chocolate Soldier by Ber­ and dozens of children's neighbour­ gramme during the Olympic football 50,000 visitors to the painting and nard Shaw, Shakespeare's M/cteummer hood sports clubs. Many youngsters tournament, mention must be made of sculpture exhibitions, photograph Night's Dream, Chekhov's Uncle Van- go to music and art schools, and the the splendid contribution by the city's shows, and children's art and stamps ya, Franko's Happiness Stolen, Koch- Kiev Palace of Young Pioneers, with writers, artists, actors, and the cultural expositions devoted to the Olympic erga's Yaroslav the Wise, Kolomiyets's 120 technical clubs, and observatory, community in general. Games. Wild Angel and other classical and ballet company and the Zvonochek Visitors were offered an extensive A total of nearly 5,000 singers, danc­ modern plays. children's chorus. excursion programme. The legendary ers and actors in 70 professional and Each night, Kiev's other theatres St. Sophia Cathedral, Kievo-Pechersky amateur groups took part in the cul­ Kiev has long been known for its were also packed: the Lesya Ukrainka Monastery, the 12th-century St. Cyril tural programme. The cultural pro­ cultural traditions. The city has 9 Academic Russian Drama Theatre and Church and other places of interest in gramme also included the national fes­ theatres (three of them are academic the Light Opera Theatre, as were the Kiev opened their doors wide to the tival "Kiev Spring" and the republican theatres), a circus, 77 cinemas, 20 mu­ concert halls where performances tourists. Cinema Day was marked in festival "Young Voices". Lectures and seums, 1,300 libraries with a total of were given by the Ukrainian Academic dozens of the city's cinemas, while talks devoted to the 1980 Games and 69,000,000 volumes, 91 popular clubs, Symphony Orchestra, the Veryovka Poetry Day was held at the same time the international Olympic movement 8 community centres, 12 parks and Ukrainian Folk Chorus, the Virsky 195 194

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Inside the theatre were held in parks and community prises. In addition, there are five dental The Sheychenko State centres. clinics and 200 separate dental offices, Academic Opera and Ballet The Ukrainian dance Horak Gala concerts were staged in the 56 prenatal and children's consultation Theatre of the Ukrainian SSR Ukraina Palace of Culture on the open- clinics, 18 epidemiological stations ing and closing days of the Olympic and many other establishments whose football tournament. main aim is prevention rather than The cultural programme in Kiev treatment of disease (all free of was a vivid and inspiring example of charge). Then, finally, there are dozens the flourishing of culture and art in of sanatoria and rest homes in the the Soviet Ukraine and a hymn to the suburban forest zone, including na- Olympic movement. tional spas such as Pushcha-Voditsa, Vorzel or Irpen. All the treatment and prevention work is directed by twenty Recently, experts from the Kiev medical research institutes, a medical Institute of Gerontology ran a survey school (the oldest in the country) and a and found more than 100 men and refresher institute for doctors. women older than 100 years in the city. The network of these institutions is This fact is very significant for a steadily growing, and currently 5 new modern big city. And it is not simply a clinics are under construction in Kiev's matter of the favourable Dnieper eli- new housing estates as well as a num- mate, but of the entire spectrum of ber of new hospitals and maternity socio-economic measures, and the ef- homes. The scientific plan of the Kiev ficient, continuously improving public automated management system in- health system. More than 30,000 doc- eludes a special automated system for tors and medical personnel provide ambulance services. the population with medical services in Kiev's doctors worked hard in pre- nearly 200 Kiev's outpatient clinics, paration for the Olympic tournament. There are 30 antituberculous, 18 onco- More than 1,700 doctors and nurseé1 logical, dozens of psychoneurological, provided their services to participants and physical education and health and visitors to the tournament. dispensaries, as well as hundreds of first aid stations at industrial enter- 197 196

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Sports

The Olympic flame in Kiev

century and a football league was set beat any national contender. Within the up back in 1910. But again the work­ last 20 years it has won the national ing-class youth had practically no championships nine times and was the access to football. USSR Cup holder four times. âaâ'/*. m. Things have drastically changed The war shattered the peaceful life since the Great October Socialist of the country. June 22,1941 was cho­ Revolution, when the rapid develop­ sen as the date of a grand sports fes­ i 3 u„ ment of sport on a mass scale began. tival to celebrate the inauguration of In 1922 the working youth of the city the newly reconstructed Kiev Stadium crowded the slopes of Mount Cherepa- at the foot of Mount Cherepanov. The nov to build the Red Stadium with a posters invited to the performance of seating capacity of 5,000. Courts and the favourite weightlifters Ya. Kut­ gyms built by steel-workers, railway- senko, G. Popov and G. Novak, ready men and rivermen sprang up in to set new world records, gymnasts schools and enterprises of different T. Demidenko and A. Ibadulaev, but city areas. Sport sections became the main attraction, of course, was the commonplace at trade union clubs, football match between the home Kiev is one of the leading sports though staffed with instructors and enterprises and schools. P. T. lessons Dynamo team and the visiting Red centres of the USSR. For many years it provided with sports equipment, were were introduced into the curricula of Army Central Club team, the match has topped the list of the Soviet cities inaccessible to ordinary people. By the the primary schools, vocational that was going to be a real thrill. But vying for the best level of sports orga­ statutes which were in force at the schools, higher-education institutions the festival and the match had to be nisation. Kiev has produced a galaxy time, women, students, and noncomis- and in military units. Physical educa­ cancelled—on that day Kiev was of world-famous athletes, Olympic sioned officers were denied member­ tion and mass sport have become the shelled by nazi bombers. World War M world and European champions and ship in those clubs. So when a group of matter of concern of the governmental came to the Soviet Union. record-holders. progressive lecturers from the Kiev and public organisations. The athletes of Kiev rose to defend The city has many times hosted big- Polytechnic founded the Sport Club At that time the achievements of their homeland along with the entire time national and international con­ accessible to students, employees and Soviet athletes were not yet officially nation. The athletes volunteered into tests, such as the European equestrian workers, the demand to join it was recognized by the international sports the regular and territorial army and and boxing championships; women's beyond its capacity. federations, but quite a number of the partisan forces. handball world championship, USSR- The first track-and-field competi­ Soviet athletes were already world The exhibits of heroic deeds of ath­ USA and USSR-France track-and-field tions organised at the racecourse in famous. The athletes of Kiev made letes during the war can be seen in the meets, and others. International soc­ the summer of 1912 drew thousands of their contribution to the international Ukrainian Sports Hall of Fame. Many of cer matches, both official and friendly, spectators. With great enthusiasm the recognition of Soviet sports. The the athletes never came back—killed are frequent and enjoy popularity. Par­ people of Kiev welcomed the First All- weightlifters Georgy Popov and Yakov in action were the weightlifters ticipants, officials, referees and jour­ Russia Games held in Kiev, August, Kutsenko startled the sports world by V. Gasanenko and Yu. Polonsky, the nalists from all over the world 1913, when an unprecedented number settling world records galore. Inter­ football players A. Krupitsky, I. Kach- expressed their appreciation of the of participants (174) competed. De­ nationally known were the women kin, the tennis players Ye. Shaer and high level of the organisation of the spite the results, which were rather gymnasts Ye. Bokova and T. Demi- V. Kotov, and the boxer V. Saplivenko. competitions, remarkable hospitality mediocre, the victory of two Kievans, denko, track-and-fielders A. Bezrukov The popular players of the Dynamo and cordiality of the Kievans. All this G. Semyonov and G. Orlov, who and A. Kanaki, wrestler A. Yaltyryan, team I. Kuzmenko, A. Klimenko, N. Ko- accounted for the choice of Kiev as a clocked 11.3 and 11.4 sec in the 100-m and others. rotkikh and N. Trusevitch were shot in venue for the Olympic football tourna­ dash brought the audience to raptures. At that time football was already occupied Kiev. ment. In another sports centre, the Kiev highly popular. It has become a cus­ A monument to hero-athletes who ...Before the October Revolution Weightlifting Society, the sports equip­ tom to conclude all gala sports festi­ died for the honour and freedom of the sports in Kiev were the exclusive pre­ ment was so scanty that the athletes vals with football matches. In 1927 the country was erected at the Kiev rogative of the wealthy minority. A few used rails, sand-loaded barrels, rocks, Dynamo football team, which even­ Dynamo Stadium. sports clubs—Sokol (The Falcon), railcar wheel axles, and the like, for tually became widely popular, was set When nazi invaders were driven Strela (The Arrow), Vega, a weightlifting training. Soccer teams were organised up. The team was strong enough to from Kiev, they left the city in ruins. association, and a yacht-club, al­ in Kiev as early as the end of the last 199 198

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Everything had to be started from the physical fitness and sport activities on scratch. The extensive reconstruction a mass level. Such was the VII Soarta- of sports facilities began together with kiade of the Peoples of the USSR of that of the factories, living quarters, 1979, the initial stages of which drew hospitals, schools and theatres. The more than 700,000 young people as first municipal sports festival was held well as older men and women in Kiev. in the still unheated Palace of Physical The 3,100 strongest athletes were eli­ Culture when the war was still going on gible for the city finals. in the west. The best results were achieved by After the war the sporting life in students belonging to the Burevestnik Kiev became more versatile and event­ Sports Society which entered nearly ful. Traditional Games called Health 50,000 participants in the Spartakiade and Youth, Leather Ball Football, Gold­ competitions. The students turned out en Puck Ice Hockey, Wonder Draughts to be the strongest in swimming and Children's Contests enjoyed great volleyball and won medals in other popularity. The children and youth events. The eighteen best athletes earning to become track-and-fielders, were selected for the USSR Olympic swimmers, figure skaters and gym­ teams. The future Olympians contin­ nasts thronged the sports schools of ued training in the Kiev Institute of the city. Morning excercises (called Physical Education, one of the oldest "Five Minutes for Health") at industrial in the country (in 1980 it celebrated its enterprises, sessions in numerous 50th anniversary). Hammer throwers health groups, physical fitness sec­ Yuri Sedykh and Yuri Tamm, and a tions, and sports clubs have become number of other Soviet Olympians increasingly popular. The Prepared for maintained the high sports reputation Labour and Defence events, the of their clubs during the Moscow spartakiades at factories, construction Games. works, enterprises, schools, colleges Athletes of the Dynamo Sports and universities have provoked wide­ Society wrestlers: Sergei and Anatoly spread interest. Beloglazov, water-polo player Alexey Every morning the famous parks Barkalov, diver Zhanna Tsiryulnikova, and picturesque Dnieper slopes of and a group of oarsmen also distin­ Kiev are turned into jogging tracks guished themselves. All of them kept boys, leading athletes and a group of for thousands of people. up the fine traditions of such outstand­ Olympic champions. Kiev is proud of its top athletes. But ing athletes as Nina Bocharova, Boris On July 7, 1980 the Olympic flame, it is equally proud of the successes of Shakhlin, Yury Titov, Valeri Borzov, lit In ancient Olympia, was brought to physical education at all levels—of Valentin Mankin, Ivan Bogdan, and the borders of the Ukraine. Thousands recreation centres like the workers' others. of people gave a tremendous reception m ìi clubs Sokol, Voskhod, Temp, and There are more than 3,300 physical to the relay that carried the Olympic Arsenal and the fitness groups at fitness and sports specialists working torch at all points. In regional centres, various factories, higher learning es­ in the capital of the Soviet Ukraine, of in the cities of Kiev and Borispol these by participants of the Olympic football tablishments, and secondary schools. which nearly 3,000 are graduates of meeting turned out into exciting festi­ preliminaries. Pavel Yesipenko, Chair­ Here, for example, is how matters physical education institutes. About vals. On July 14 at the border of the man of the Ukrainian Organising Com­ are run at the Kiev Aviation Plant that 500 lecturers are engaged in the Kiev Ukraine and the Russian Federation, mittee, warmly greeted the players and makes AN-type aircraft. The head of its Institute of Physical Education; among the Olympic torch relay was handed guests. Girls in national costumes design office. Hero of Socialist Labour them are 15 Professors and Doctors of over to representatives of the fraternal offered the participants the traditional Oleg Antonov, says of sports: "For me Science, dozens of Merited Coaches of republic to carry it to Moscow. "bread and salt" on embroidered the virtues of sport are not confined to the USSR and Ukrainian SSR, Merited In five days the Ukraine again wel­ Ukrainian towels. The Ukrainian Ve- just purely health-building functions. Masters of Sport of the USSR and Mas­ comed the Olympic flame—on July 19 riovka Folk Chorus sang a festive Sport brings together people of differ­ ters of Sport, international class. The it was carried by rail from Moscow to congratulatory song in honour of the ent occupations and characters, culti­ names of the best coaches enjoy world Kiev. The railway station square couldn't Olympics. To the sounds of the Olym­ vates organisation and self-discipline, renown—A. Bondarchuk (athletics), accommodate all those who want­ pic hymn, thousands of doves flew the sense of collectivism, and many I.Turchin (handball), V. Lobanovsky ed to welcome the flame. Accompa­ high up into the skies. Leonid Litvi- other valuable qualities." The workers (football), Yu. Vilensky (Greco-Roman nied by the escort, the flame was car­ nenko, the well-known decathlete, sil­ wrestling), G. Burakov (freestyle of the plant have excellent sports facil­ ried to the Kiev city government build­ ver medalist of the Montreal Games, ities where they regularly hold mass wrestling), and many others. ing where it stayed till the next appeared at the stadium, torch in hand. The Organising Committee paid competitions and spartakiades. day—until the Olympic football tourna­ He lit the Olympic flame in the bowl. great attention to the Olympic torch Frequent outings are made to rest ment opening ceremony. The Olympic football tournament in relay in the Ukrainian territory. The camps and tourist hostels. A sports The main stadium of the city has Kiev was opened. competition held in the Republic deter­ school has been set up for the children hosted many thrilling events but even Almost 500,000 people came to see mined those who were given the of the plant's personnel, accommodat­ old-timers never saw such a grand fes­ the Olympic football tournament in honour of participating in the Olympic ing 200. tival. Kiev, in which the teams of the GDR, Finally selected were 1,330 The USSR Spartakiades held in the torch relay. ...The flag-bearers entered the Spain, Algeria, Syria, Finland, Costa persons of renown—best workers and pre-Olympic year for now a quarter of a arena to fanfares and drums, followed Rica and Iraq participated. century crown the entire recreation, collective farmers, students, school­ 201 200

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library All matches were played at the Grand Arena of the Republican Sta­ dium and daily training sessions were held at the training pitch of the same stadium and at the Dynamo Stadium. Athletes had everything neces­ sary—equipment, service personnel, physicians, delicious food and com­ fortable accommodations at the Rus Hotel. Matches were officiated by referees from the USA, Scotland, FRG, Sweden, Columbia, Brazil, Kuwait, Cuba and Zambia. No complaints were lodged by the participating teams during the tournament. To the nearly 100 journal­ ists accredited in Kiev, FIFA spokes­ men expressed their praise of the way the tournament was organised, and of the hospitality of Kiev. Said Jimmy Edwards (USA), mem­ ber of the FIFA Amateur Committee: "We were overwhelmed by the hos- pitalility of the Soviet people. In your beautiful city we felt real warmth and friendship, the true Olympic spirit at every step. I would like to stress the wonderful organisation of the group visited Eternal Glory Park and laid Irina Deryugina trains tournament held at an exclusively high flowers at the Tomb of the Unknown Olympic champions level and want to thank all those who Soldier. They made a sightseeing tour took responsibility. I know that the of the city and saw the GDR-Algeria organisers put in tremendous effort to football match. Lord Killanin expres­ achieve this level and wholeheartedly sed his deep satisfaction with the work thank them on behalf of the FIFA. I done in Kiev. liked the stadium, the state of the field All officials and honorary guests and the work of all services." who arrived in Kiev were welcomed Mr. Joao Havelange, FIFA presid­ with honour. The government of the ent and IOC member, arrived in Kiev on Ukraine, the Ukrainian Organising July 25. He toured the city, visited Committee and the Kiev City Soviet hotels which accommodated the foot­ held special receptions. ball players, coaches, referees, jour­ ...The people of Kiev were glad to nalists and foreign tourists. be contributors to the Olympic football Lord Killanin, then President of the tournament success. The Olympic International Olympic Committee, also Games left an unforgettable page in visited the capital of the Ukraine dur­ the history of ancient and ever-young ing the Olympic football tournament, Kiev. together with Ignaty Novikov, the President of the OCOG-80. They

202 203

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Minsk. Olympic Football Tournament

Hai Ti

m mmm

fi

>

•

w

204

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The capital of Soviet Byelorussia was given the honour of receiving the sportsmen and visitors of the Olympic football tournament. Minsk was rightfully named an Olympic city. Long ago it won recognition as one of the major sports centres of the Soviet Union, and has welcomed the top athletes from all over the world many times. Residents of the city have a wealth of experience in holding major international competitions in various sports. Minsk offers excellent sports facilities: the Sports Palace, aquatic sports complex, indoor track, shooting range, the Staiki Sports Camp and the Raubichi Complex—all of which meet high international standards. The Olympic Games set higher standards and criteria. This guided everyone who took part in preparing Minsk to host the football tournament. Many republican organisations, enterprises and agencies were enlisted to carry out this responsible work. All the commitments made by the city were successfully realised, which made it possible to hold the tournament in conformity with the provisions of the Olympic Charter and the traditions of the Olympic movement. To host the football matches major reconstruction was done on the Dynamo Stadium which now seats 50,000 spectators. For the football players' training, another of the city's major stadiums—Traktor was modernised, a spacious indoor stadium with artificial surfacing, and eight football pitches were built in the Staiki Sports Camp. The first-class Pianeta Hotel was erected in the centre of the city. The Brest-Minsk Highway was modernised before the Games. A large section of the road was widened, and new service stations for motor tourists were built. Competitors, officials, journalists and tourists who came to Minsk were all treated to Byelorussian hospitality. Competitors were provided with everything necessary for their training, relaxation and entertainment at the Olympic Village in Staiki. The city's best hotels, restaurants and cafés were made available to the tourists. The mass media were provided with everything needed to carry out their work fruitfully and efficiently. About two thousand people of various professions were employed in servi­ cing the Olympics. The many letters of gratitude from our guests testify to the high level of service. The republic's leading groups, soloists and actors presented their best programmes and works during the Games, introducing visitors to samples of folk crafts and national culture. The heads of the IOC and the International Federation of Football Associa­ tions who visited Minsk had high praise for the organisation of the football tournament and the conditions created for the sportsmen's accommodation and training. The efficiency of all the services was also noted. The residents of Minsk and the entire republic will cherish the memory of the unforgettable days of the Games of the 22nd Olympiad for a long time to come.

Vladimir Mitskevich, Chairman of the 1980 Olympics Organising Committee of the Byeloryssian SSR

207

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Minsk, Capital of Soviet Byelorussia

1 m 1 m -fw \

the 120-kilometre canal to the Viliya- In the fourteenth century Minsk was Minsk Reservoir. It is also a camping part of the Lithuanian and later (from spot. 1569), the Polish state. After 1793 it Minskissurrounded bywoods— was incorporated in the Russian pine forests north and east, and a belt empire. of beautiful shady woods of birch, In November 1917 Soviet power poplar, aspen, and oak south and was established in Byelorussia, but in west. February-November 1918, Minsk was Winds make the weather here. Air occupied by German and Polish streams from the sea mean rain in troops. summer, thaw and snowfall in winter. Since January 1919 it has been the Continental winds bring severe frosts capital of the Byelorussian Soviet in winter, and hot sunny days in sum­ Socialist Republic. Under socialism, mer. The climate is between maritime the city has grown into a large indus­ and continental, and often described trial and cultural centre. Its old indus­ as moderate continental. The average trial enterprises were reconstructed Minsk, conferred the title of Hero- tion in the valley of the Svisloch River, Government Building annual temperature is +5.30C, the and new plants were built, including City for its part in the war of 1941-45, in the basin of the Dnieper. Within city average January temperature 6.90C machine-tool and other engineering and holder of two Orders of Lenin limits the river is from 20 to 60 m wide below zero, July +17.80C. works. Consumer industries and the (awarded in 1966 and 1974), is the and 1 to 2.5 m deep. Once a treach­ city's utilities made rapid progress. capital of the Byelorussian Soviet erous stream that burst its banks The war unleashed by nazi Ger­ Socialist Republic and administrative during the spring floods, the now Minsk has a history of more than many brought enormous suffering to centre of Minsk Region. tamed river flows sedately along gran­ nine centuries, and is first It is administered by the City Soviet ite-reinforced banks. In the environs Minsk and the whole of Byelorussia. of People's Deputies. Minsk consists of Minsk, the Svisloch has six small mentioned in chronicles in 1067 For 1,100 days, from 1941 to 1944, the of nine administrative districts. tributaries. as Menesk. Since then many recur­ nazis occupied the city, molesting and The attractive modern city with a Since recently, the Viliya, running a ring invasions left blood and death in killing its inhabitants, and sending population of nearly 1.5 million hundred kilometres southwest of the their wake. The city was ravaged by thousands to death camps. More than occupies 176 square kilometres of pic­ city is helping it to slake the thirst of Swedes in 1708, plundered by Napole­ 400,000 men, women and children turesque and hilly terrain. Minsk's numerous industrial enter­ on in 1812, looted and burnt by the were killed in Minsk and its suburbs, The city stands on the Minsk Eleva­ prises, its waters being drawn off by Germans in 1918. But Minsk survived, and 70,000 shipped to Germany for rising from the ashes. slave labour.

209 208

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library -

« innannnìriHqiiàh. ^ « iiNlÌBianuaTinu»n|| e HeiKiiulûlilMpi au Hfii{3|| n usuili h h n nu a {diss M Kwa'waffiBMMMiaiaii < 18 WTi il la <1Ili all Mal i3M{3W 'KjMa-: flHBHPuiS -t- • ««ali"

But this did not break the spirit of had practically ceased to exist. Its fac­ Mound of Glory of the Soviet the Soviet patriots. Communists orga­ tories, institutes, hospitals, and Army—Liberator of Byelorussia nised and headed the underground schools had been destroyed, the partisan resistance. The Minsk un­ power stations and water mains were derground of 9,000 people destroyed out of operation. Of the city's 332 over 1,500 miHtary and other targets, industrial enterprises only 19 survived. with another more than 20 partisan More than 83 per cent of the dwelling Khatyn. The memorial detachments and brigades operating lay in ruins. Only a few dozen log cot­ complex in the vicinity of the city. tages still stood in the outskirts, and The fascists thought they could the city's population was a mere 20 per Yakub Kolas Square break the people's resistance by ruth­ cent of prewar. less brutality. But this had an oppo­ The whole country helped to site effect: the resistance became rebuild Minsk. It brought in building more resolute each day. For every man materials and machinery and, more who fell, several new fighters came to importantly, it sent manpower. take his place. The city people turned Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk Minsk into a death trap for the nazis. and Gorky provided skilled workers On July 3, 1944, the Soviet Army and engineers. Leaving their homes, liberated Minsk. When the Soviet they came to Minsk with their families, troops and partisans entered the city and lived in tents and huts, suffering they saw nothing but ruins. The city hardships to help the people of Byelo-

210 211

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library russia cope with the ravages of war. Committee, headed by Vladimir Mi- New districts of the city Demobilised soldiers and young tskevich, First Deputy Chairman of the people from the surviving villages Council of Ministers of Byelorussia. worked on the city's construction sites. The committee coordinated the efforts The courage and industry of these of many ministries, industrial enter- people saw Minsk rise from the ruins, prises and organisations in preparing With its spacious squares, fine archi- the city for the Olympic football tectural ensembles, shady parks and tournament. gardens, the city is a stately monument to the men and women who died for their Motherland. On Lenin Square, one of Minsk's most attractive squares, stands a tall building, one of the few spared by the war. It houses the Government of the BSSR, and accommodated the Re­ publican 0lympics-80 Organising

212 213

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Industry, Construction and Transport

had been chosen as the venue of the Games, many factories joined a con­ test for the right to put the Olympic emblem on their products. The Minsk Watch-Making Factory, the Gorizont industrial association, the Kommu- narka Confectionery, and the Mir Toy Factory were among the first in the USSR to win this right. The workers and employees of Minsk factories and organisations helped in updating the city's Dynamo Stadium, where preliminary matches of the Olympic football tournament were held. The furniture factories fulfilling 0lympiad-80 orders introduced new techniques of wood modification. Act­ ing on the recommendations of the Byelorussian Technological Institute, the more widespread types of wood (aspen, pinewood, birch) were pro­ cessed in special chemical solutions in high temperatures and under high pressure. The wood was made strong­ Minsk today is a major industrial er, gained an attractive colour and centre. Its leading industries are en­ became incomparably more durable. gineering and metalworking. Its largest This was especially important for the industrial enterprises include a tractor manufacture of spectators' seats, TV plant producing nearly 300 tractors and radio commentators' booths, and daily and an automobile plant. There for the furnishings of other Olympic are also machine-tool, motor, bear­ premises. ings, electrotechnical, tool-making fui and unique Byelorussian needle- The Minsk watch plant The housing built in Minsk in the A new housing development, Za- The metro under constructiort and other works. Minsk factories work and the graceful porcelain ware. first thirty postwar years added up to pad-1, which is to be part of the city's manufacture all kinds of things, includ­ The good work of the city's enter- BELAZ trucks twelve times as much as the city had at western outskirts has been endorsed ing heavy lorries, tractors, motor­ prises, their continuously growing out­ the beginning of 1941, the year the war recently. The woodland and shrubbery cycles, bicycles, ball-bearings, com­ put, and high-quality products enable started. And in the past four years, over will be preserved. Residents of the new puters, transformers, refrigerators. them to spend more on the needs of 3,000,000 sq m of housing was built, development are to have the maximum Minsk is also a major manufacturer their personnel, including funds on with 320,000 Minsk residents improv­ of amenities. Service establishments, of consumer goods—textiles, leather, physical training and sports. ing their living conditions. In 1980 there schools, and kindergartens will be garments, and so on. The food industry The Gorizont industrial association, was an average 13 sq m of living space concentrated in the heart of the neigh­ is represented by meat-packers and for example, which makes TV and per resident. Many new hospitals, bourhood, in close proximity to the dairies, confectionery and tobacco radio sets, have excellent sports polyclinics, stores, schools, cinemas, dwelling houses. The blocks are to be factories, and so on. Medicines and facilities for training and competition. community centres, sports halls and 12- and 16-stories high, with large endocrine preparations, dyes and The Minsk Tractor Plant has an stadiums are being built under the flats, comfortably laid out. The ground paints are just some of the products in equally splendid sports centre. Its Minsk Master Plan. floors will be fitted out for food shops, the chemical line. recently renovated stadium is ideally The list does not include any fac­ pharmacies, and kiosks. The interior, Minsk workers are great innova­ suited for athletic competition and has tories, because it was decided to dis­ the facing of the buildings will be tors. Half the goods manufactured in good facilities for spectators. As many courage the construction of new finished in new attractive materials, Minsk have won the right to carry the as 460 groups in 20 sports are active at industrial enterprises, except service made at Minsk factories. Quality Mark, a sign of distinction the plant. There are also two sports establishments, within city limits. The development of Zapad-1, like whose name speaks for itself. It is seen schools for children and teenagers. Minsk industry is to develop through that of most of the other new housing on Minsk-made trucks and tractors, TV The plant holds its own Spartakiades, the modernisation and reconstruction developments, has been put into the sets, refrigerators and computers, and shop sports festivals, and other mass of the already existing factories. This is hands of the Association of Industrial on Electronica watches, which Soviet competitions for various age groups. being done to provide the best pos­ House-Building, which is the chief cosmonauts use on their spaceflights, The Worsted Works, refrigerator sible conditions and meet the contin­ builder of housing in the city. Its large and which were highly praised fortheir factory, and the instrument-making uously rising needs of the people of team of skilled workers has both the dependability by the members of the plants of the integral and Lenin indus­ Minsk. experience and skills, and all the Komsomolskaya Pravda ski expedition trial associations, the Komsomolka Civil construction in Minsk is under requisite machinery and equipment. to the North Pole. Ready-Garments Plant and most other the supervision of the Executive Com­ Houses may be said to come off Transistor radios and electronic large factories also have their own mittee of the City Soviet of People's assembly lines. Four large factories stopwatches, motorcycles and bi­ sports complexes. Deputies. It endorses the development supply the building site with prefabri­ cycles, shoes and knitted wear produ­ Minsk enterprises took an active plans for new neighbourhoods and the cated constructions, ceilings and ced in Minsk are in great demand. part in preparing for the Games of the blueprints of individual buildings and blocks, with one day's output sufficient Visitors like the uncommonly beauti- 22nd Olympiad. Soon after Moscow installations. for a house of 400 flats. Préfabrication

214 215

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library and standard size enable a small team tion centre were at the disposal of the of construction workers to complete Olympians. assembly in six to eight weeks, turning Minsk construction workers put the house over for finishing. Industrial pride and skill into erecting the new techniques have helped the city to first-class Pianeta Hotel in downtown build comfortable flats in large enough Minsk, as they did into modernising the numbers to make housing freely avail­ city's best hotels—Tourist, Sputnik, able to every citizen, as provided for Belarus, Yubileinaya, Minsk, Yunost, under Soviet legislation. and so on. They also reconstructed the The city is erecting many unique students' hostels of Minsk University buildings and installations designed and other higher schools—the Poly­ by leading Byelorussian architects. technic and the Technological Insti­ The Arts Centre built recently in down­ tute, the institutes of foreign lan­ town Minsk provides excellent, airy guages, culture, national economy, and sunny premises for art exhibitions. and others, providing comfortable ac­ Visitors are attracted to the small yard, commodation for more than 17,000 built in an interesting, old-fashioned foreign and Soviet tourists. style, with fountains and sculptures. High praise is lavished by experts and residents on the recently built Public transport plays a very impor­ Writers' and Teachers' clubs, the new tant role in the city's life, carrying Oktyabr, Salyut and Druzhba cinemas, about 3,000,000 passengers daily. Ev­ the republic's largest department store ery morning hundreds of buses, trolley­ Belarus, and the Railway Workers Cul­ buses and trams start on their routes tural and Sports Centre, equipped with connecting the many residential neigh­ by mobile gas stations, allowing for cars was considerably increased. Minsk TVs special premises for amateur song, bourhoods with downtown, and with refuelling practically on the run, with The luggage service was also expan­ dance and drama groups, sports facil­ ten industrial, academic and research no waste of time. Prompt car servicing ded. A currency exchange office, a ities, a winter garden, swimming pool institutions on the outskirts of the city. was provided by the well-equipped car dispatcher's unit and other servi­ and spacy library. Commuter trains hurry in from the workshop at the campsite, the Avtovas ces were set up. Minsk construction workers moder­ suburbs. The ubiquitous taxis rush centre, and by mobile maintenance Since most guests came to Minsk nised and enlarged the city's Dynamo through the traffic. The bus lines add teams shuttling up and down the by train, similar services were estab­ Stadium for the Olympic football up to nearly 700 km, the trolleybus Brest-Minsk and Minsk-Moscow mo­ lished at the railway terminal, helping tournament. It can now accommodate lines almost 300 km. The important torways. Foreign buses were repaired guests to exchange money, to reserve 50,000 people, most of the seats are industrial areas, with factories employ­ at the workshops of one of the Minsk a hotel room, and book tickets to under a roof protecting spectators ing a workforce of some 200,000 are bus pools. theatres or concerts. from sun and wind. The grandstands connected with downtown and with Participants in the football tourna­ were renovated, the surface of the some of the residential areas by trams, ment had seven comfortable coaches track and the facilities for field events the most economical and reliable which brought them to training and have been changed, and the lighting mode of transport. More than ten mil­ competition sites, took them on excur­ intensified for the benefit of colour TV. lion roubles are spent annually on sions, and carried them back to Staiki Besides, a stadium for hand-played improving public transport. There Olympic Camp. Motor cars and mini­ games, and tennis courts with grand­ are 127 lines, serviced on average buses serviced officials and journal­ stands for 5,500 have been built. A by 760 buses, 580 trolleybuses and ists. medical rehabilitation centre has been 135 trams. Besides, there are As many as 235 buses were called erected on the stadium grounds, and 800 taxis. In for guests and tourists. One could practically new top-grade services In view of the rapid population order a car at any end of the city were set up with accommodations for growth and the expansion of the city's through dispatchers at hotels and hos­ athletes and coaches, and providing area, the Government of the Byelorus­ tels, stadiums, railway stations and the amenities to the media. A trunk-call sian Republic has decided to build a airport. Dispatchers moving about the office with ten telephone booths and subway in Minsk. Its first line, under city in radio-cars helped greatly to with a teleprinter, telegraph and copy­ construction since late 1977, will run ensure speedy and efficient transport ing machines, were made available at from west to east, following Lenin services during the tournament. the press-centre, and there were 5 sta­ Avenue, one of the city's main arteries. Long before the Games a large tionary and 18 movable commentators' The recently discovered granite in group of pilots from the Minsk civil booths for TV and radio broadcasting Polesye, tufa from Armenia, Ukrainian aviation squadron were specially to dozens of countries. marble and other natural material will trained for international flights, while Staiki Olympic Camp, a newly built be used in building and decorating the nearly forty crews completed training compound in a picturesque suburb of metro stations. for domestic flights in marginal Minsk on the bank of a forest lake, was Close to hotels, stadiums, com­ weather conditions. where all the 160 participants in the munity centres and concert halls The hosts also organised speedy Olympic tournament were accommo­ 15 parking lots were laid to accommo­ and comprehensive services for pas­ dated in the single and double rooms date over 3,000 vehicles. One more sengers. To avoid delays In baggage of the camp's hotel. Eight football gasoline station was built downtown. delivery from plane to terminal, the pitches, an indoor arena of 4,000 sq m, Moreover, the main motor routes number of electric luggage delivery training sites and a medical rehabilita­ within and outside the city were served 217 216

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library mm

The output of the Belorussky Tractor Plant

iSttWr»»"]Iî J i & 1* \^ws£m* \ _ r- '' »

218 219

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Utilities and Municipal Services

1 Cv

:?&:• "... ts:'.-; •Vitî"4 ••••;/;/; ^7/ j?:»-.- , Kîîîî»»

1 , i' (( ' *»•: ^i A city market I I li

1 '

Any visitor who comes to Minsk for more than a day will of course remem­ ber the crystal-pure taste of its water. The drinking water there contains a range of useful mineral substances. It is extracted from deep natural reser­ voirs. The city's rapid growth and the of Minsk like flowers, and spare no wish to preserve local ground water for effort to adorn their city. Tens of thou­ future generations have prompted the sands of flowers were planted in the move to shift water intake and pump­ city early in the spring of 1980. A ing stations farther away from the city colourful display of flowers lined the sidewalks of Park Highway leading to to a distance of 50 km and more. This The city's many chefs, the succes­ Over forty restaurants and cafés Yubileynaya and Pianeta hotels, as means that new neighbourhoods, too, sors to the old Byelorussian tradition were ready to serve the tourists. They well as to the 24-storied hotel now are supplied with ground water, and of hospitality, acquitted themselves had some two dozen different menus, under construction. that the supply of water per resident splendidly. Restaurants, cafés and in which the specific tastes of the Officials, the media and numerous has increased. canteens offered guests soup and largest groups of tourists coming to tourists were accommodated at the Some years ago Minsk factories sausages, pancakes, chops, pies and the football tournament were taken hotels Minsk, Tourist, Yunost, Yubiley­ were switched out of the city water­ dozens of other dishes of the national into account. naya, Belarus, and others. The new works, and supplied with recycling Byelorussian cuisine. The personnel of the service estab­ first-class Pianeta Hotel was opened, systems which purify used water and Nearly 1,200 public catering estab­ lishments were alerted to provide providing accommodation and ser­ make it industrially reusable. lishments are open in the city, seating requisite services to the guests of vices to more than 600 guests. over 100,000 people at a time. Minsk. Service centres were set up at Minsk has a reliable power, heat, For the time of the Games, Minsk But with the population growing Staiki Olympic Camp, other sports and fuel supply. Four thermal-power students made six of their best hostels continuously and the flow of tourists sites, hotels and hostels. All orders stations supply the requisite hot water. available to sports fans and visitors. mounting, new catering establish­ were promptly handled, and the many In addition, Minsk is supplied power by Interior decorations were renovated, ments are being built. The first-class clients' messages in the customers' the Lukomol Hydropower Station, the and new furniture and equipment was restaurant at Pianeta Hotel, new cafés record book testify to faultless perfor­ biggest in the western part of the installed in canteens and rest-rooms. Raduga, Na Rostanyakh, Russki Chai, mance. The express repairs service USSR, and several other stations. The The guests were serviced by some and Kupalinka, the Dubrava and Yan- was especially effective, eliminating Dashava-Minsk gas pipeline supplies 800 students, trained for the job at spe­ tar bars, and cafés in Borodino Street faults in watches, radios, and cinema gas from distant gas-producing areas. cial courses. and Lenin Avenue received their first and photo equipment within several Annually, over 200 hectares are There was no language barrier, guests on the eve of the tournament. minutes in the customer's presence. planted with trees and shrubbery, with because nearly all the 1,500 students 'The best cooks and confectioners, The promptness and high quality of about ten new public gardens and who helped out during the Olympic waiters and managers were enlisted to the services wouldn't have been boulevards, and two or three parks tournament knew some foreign lan­ service the participants in the tourna­ achieved had the city not traced to the being laid out. Peopte moving to new guage. ment, who had a special menu, drawn large, well-equipped network of ser­ housing developments have estab­ Managers of service establish­ up by diet experts. They were selected vice establishments. lished a tradition of planting jasmine, ments, hotel receptionists, and other from among the winners of a special Consumer service establishments lilac and rose bushes, fruit-trees, and workers in the service trades attended contest. in Minsk include some 75 factory-size flowers round their new homes the language courses before the begin­ very first spring or autumn. The people ning of the tournament. 221 220

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library services and as many as 570 outlets. In unique pieces of Byelorussian arts and 1979 these provided the public with crafts, including boxes decorated with services worth over 55 million roubles. old-fashioned Ogov designs, gold-em- Guests and Olympians were made broidered towels from Polesye, the welcome at the city's department famous Slutsk belts, on display at stores and shops. Self-explanatory no­ major museums of the world, which tices were installed, obviating the need made this small town near Minsk for translation. Shop windows and famous since the 18th century, and premises were nicely decorated. Visi­ crystal vases and bowls of the Nieman tors were invited to the city's biggest factory, well known in the USSR and department stores and supermarkets, abroad. such as Belarus, Minsk, Tsentralnyi, Various goods with the Olympic and to shops, bookstores, jewellers' emblems were in great demand too: and other outlets in the vicinity of watches and radios, cameras and TV hotels and hostels, and in the main sets, samovars and porcelain sets, streets adjoining Dynamo Stadium. sports gear and jewellery—over Twelve new stores were opened in 400 types of products of Byelorussian 1980, including Kadr photo shop and manufacture. Olympic Souvenirs, under the develop­ ment plan for large retail outlets, which now total some 600. New stores are going up chiefly in the new housing developments, simultaneously with the erection of apartment houses, cultural establishments, and community ser­ vices. Byelorussian national handi­ crafts—wood carvings, wicker work, ceramic items, embroidery, inlaid boxes, and the like—are in high demand. Visitors took home many

222 223

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Science, Education, Culture and Public Health

A few weeks before the start of the tions in various branches of the nation­ Olympic tournament in Minsk, Byelo­ al economy during the four years of russian State University was informed the Tenth Five-Year Plan period (1976- of an important discovery in nuclear 1980) has saved over 200 million roubl­ physics made by a young professor, es. More than 150 medals and Vladimir Baryshevsky, Dr. Sc., jointly diplomas of national and international with a Moscow colleague. It was the exhibitions arrive in Minsk annually as fourth formally registered discovery of rewards for Byelorussian researches. is of the earth's surface developed in reach of the leading scientists of the Byelorussian scientists in recent The physicists of Minsk were the Minsk. They were installed aboard world. Academician Vladimir Platonov, years. This is convincing proof of the first to generate liquid organic com­ the Soviet Salute orbital stations and who worked out unconventional new high scientific level of their studies. pounds and vapours, and created on enabled experts to predict with mathematical methods and created Another evidence is the fact that in the the basis of this discovery economical greater accuracy the location of miner­ the consistent algebraic K-theory, has past decade the scientists of the and powerful lasers easily adjustable al deposits, to monitor the purity of been awarded the Lenin Prize. Byelorussian Republic were awarded in the entire spectrum. Dye lasers are water in seas and oceans and the state The theory of utilising dissociating four Lenin Prizes, eight State Prizes of now commonly used in scientific of agricultural crops, and to protect gases as heat carriers and working the USSR and fifteen State Prizes of experiments, industrial production, large areas of forestland from fire. media for atomic power stations was Byelorussia. medicine, communications and agri­ Byelorussian mathematicians are discovered and comprehensively sub­ culture. A group of researchers A scientific experiment in conducting successful studies in the stantiated in scientific laboratories of The institutes and departments of headed by Academician Boris Stepa- progress number theory, algebra, differential Minsk. This makes it possible to build the Byelorussian Academy of nov. Hero of Socialist Labour, was equations and calculus. They man­ safe and efficient nuclear reactors Sciences receive around seven hun­ awarded the State Prize of the USSR aged to solve the classic problems of which will be dozens of times smaller dred certificates of authorship and for this work. the theory of algebraic groups, which than the existing ones, but which will foreign patents for inventions every The cosmonauts highly rated the for more than thirty years were beyond equal or even surpass them in power year. Utilisation of their recommenda­ instruments for spectrographic analis- 225 224

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library output. The scientists of Minsk are To keep pace with the expanding working on the project of a miniature precision-machinery industry, the mobile atomic power station that may Minsk institutes of higher learning become indispensable in the Siberian have increased the enrollment of stu­ and Polar regions under development. dents into departments of electronics, radio engineering, nuclear physics, ap­ Byelorussian researchers have in­ plied mathematics, powder metallurgy, troduced at dozens of the country's and chemical technology over the enterprises a system of automated recent years. design of units and parts of mecha­ nisms, put forward original methods of The construction of numerous working and controlling the quality of physical culture and recreation metals, and suggested new processes centres, sport complexes and the for chemical industry. Studies in mass reproduction of sporting activiti­ geology led to discoveries of oil, es in factories, institutions, and resid­ immense reserves of potassium salts, ential areas called for a substantial brown coal, slate, construction mate­ inflow of skilled coaches and instruc­ rials, mineral water and hot springs tors. They are trained at the Byeloruss­ and some rare metals in the depths of ian Institute of Physical Culture, from the earth in Byelorussia. which about 600 graduate annually.

In the beginning of the 20th century Byelorussia had only three research Students of other institutes also organisations and eighty scientists. give much of their time to physical cul­ Eight people out of every ten were illi­ ture and sports. In addition to the com­ terate. The scientific potential created pulsory sports classes they attend with the assistance of the fraternal specialised sports groups. Soviet peoples by the beginning of the forties was destroyed by the nazis dur­ The membership of the Burevestnik ing World War I!, who shipped to Ger­ Sports Society numbers almost many all the valuable equipment and 100,000 students. Their favourite books. Many leading scientists died in games include football, basketball, battle, fighting in partisan brigades or volleyball, and ice-hockey; many go in in the underground. for track-and-field, gymnastics, fenc­ ing, and other sports. Almost all the The postwar period became a time institutes of the city participate in the of revival in Byelorussian science. That Byelorussian football, volleyball, ice- is why its present achievements are hockey, and other championships. The being regarded with such great appre­ basketball team of the Institute of ciation. Byelorussian scientists are ac­ Radio Engineering plays in the first tively collaborating with their counter­ national league. parts from socialist countries and with taught on foreign language courses for People come from all over the In a TV Centre studio major scientific centres in Great Bri­ hotel and restaurant employees, ser­ country to production of Creation of tain, France, Sweden, the USA, the Students and graduates have re­ vice workers, drivers, salesgirls, and the World at the National Opera and FRG and other countries. They carry peatedly confirmed the prestige of stu­ railway conductors. Ballet Theatre and Macbeth at the Rus­ out joint experiments with foreign dent sports in most representative Minsk has 23 specialised sec­ sian Drama Theatre or Pavlinka by researchers in the fields of thermo- competitions. Yelena Belova, an un­ ondary educational establishments Yanka Kupala, a Byelorussian classic, physics, quantum electronics, comput­ der- and later postgraduate student with an enrollment of 130,000. Almost at the theatre named in his honour. er technology, genetics, chemistry, and instructor at the Pedagogical Insti­ 10,000 graduated from these establish­ Minsk citizens are devoted theatre­ and technology of polymers. tute, was three-times Olympic fencing ments in 1979. goers, and this is an incentive for the champion. In Moscow she won a silver During the last four years 28 new five Minsk theatres, of which two are medal, her fourth Olympic trophy. Olga secondary schools for 34,000 pupils academic, the most honoured title a In addition to the work at the Uni­ Korbut, the gymnast of Olympic fame, were built. Now the city has 160 theatre can have in the USSR. The versity, important results in many is also an instructor at the same insti­ schools with 160,000 pupils. oldest Byelorussian Academic Yanka fields of science have been made by tute. Students Antonina Koshel, Larisa All schools have sports halls and Kupala Theatre recently celebrated its the other fourteen higher educational Petrik, Tamara Lazakovich, Ivan Ye- stadiums, some have swimming pools, 60th anniversary. establishments in Minsk. Almost deshko, Vladimir Romanovsky, and shooting ranges, and tennis courts. Like other branches of profes­ 17,000 highly trained specialists in others also won Olympic gold medals. During the pre-Olympic year alone, sional art, the theatre in Byelorussia various fields graduate from them 47,000 boys and girls won the right to dates to after the October Revolution, annually. Each summer hundreds of wear a Prepared for Labour and which put art within reach of all representatives from the socialist Over 600 students from the Foreign Defence badge. Almost 32,000 Minsk nationalities and stimulated intellec­ community and the developing Languages Institute volunteered for pupils have junior sports gradings, and tual activity. The fifteen theatres of the countries of Africa, Latin America and work as interpreters, guides, hotel and nearly 4,000 have adult gradings; 55 Republic are all offspring of the Kupala Asia return home with diplomas con­ restaurant receptionists, waiters, and pupils are Candidate Masters of Sports Theatre, where guest actors learned ferred in Minsk. traffic controllers. Senior students and 12 are Masters of Sports. their trade and then headed local

226 227

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library groups. Directors and actors grew to tifully designed and illustrated they are maturity and playwrights of national also samples of the splendid work and international renown brought their done by the Republic's prospering first plays here. printing industry, non-existent early in The Minsk theatres stage chiefly the century. Now over 2,000 books in Byelorussian and classic Soviet plays. almost 40 million copies come off the During the Olympics they presented press in Minsk annually. By the their best productions. beginning of the tournament, tens of The participants and guests of the coloured albums in many languages Olympic Games were Introduced to were published, telling of Byelorussia, Byelorussian music, singing, and its history and culture, and its people. dancing at concerts given by the losif Booklets Soviet Byelorussia, The Zhinovich Folk Orchestra (named after Byelorussian Way of Life, The a fervent propagandist of folk instru­ Economy of the Byelorussian SSR, ments, folklore collector and the first Physical Culture and Sports in the leader of the orchestra), and by the BSSR and others, together with Minsk Academic Choir, the Byelorussian Folk guidebooks, were published in five Choir, and the Dance Ensemble. languages. One of the best Soviet pop groups, Over 200 public libraries with a Pesnyary, was quite a success stock of almost 12 million volumes among the competitors and guests. were available to the guests, and exhi­ They pioneered a return to the folk bitions on sports and the Olympic song, producing talented interpreta­ movement were on display there. tions which retained its originality, sin­ The cultural programme included cerity, and depth. The group has won concerts, theatre performances, exhi­ many national and international con­ bitions, and the best Soviet films. It tests and travelled widely abroad. also included sightseeing tours of the Other groups in the cultural pro­ city and visits to places of the glory gramme were Khoroshki Folk Group and sorrow of the Byelorussian people. and the groups Verasy and Charovnit- Thousands of people visited Khatyn, a sy. Also featured were leading oper­ village which is no more, but is remem­ atic soloists and variety singers. Ama­ bered everywhere in the world. They teur actors performed in over 50 saw concrete foundations of what places of culture, winning high once were peasant cottages and heard acclaim. the ringing of the bells. They laid flow­ Thousands of guests visited Minsk ers in front of the statue of an old man The ballet "Thyl museums and exhibition halls. Hun­ who carries the lifeless body of a child Uylensplegel" dreds of exhibits in the Museum of the from the fire; they learned the horrible Great Patriotic War tell of the heroism story of destruction and murder, read and staunchness of the Soviet people. the names carved in stone plates of The Republic's State Museum gave hundreds of other Byelorussian vil­ the visitors a better insight into Byelo­ lages burnt down by the nazis (over russian history and the struggle for nine thousand in all). liberty and national sovereignty, and One of the tours took the visitors to showed Byelorussia's achievements in the beautiful environs of Minsk, where economy and culture. the folk museum is to be opened, a The Arts Museum had much to primitive settlement is being restored, show lovers of the fine arts. During the and old burial mounds are being exca­ tournament a painting and sculpture vated. The tourists visited Zaslavl with exhibition was opened in the Palace of its monument of seventeenth-century Arts, the largest exhibition hall in the national architecture and the village of . city. Vyazynka, set amid green orchards, The competitors and tourists met where Yanka Kupala was born, grew with famous Byelorussian authors up, and wrote his first poems. such as Maksim Tank, Lenin Prize Win­ ner, Vasil Bykov and Ivan Shamyakin, State Prize winners, Ales Adamovich, Over 60 million roubles are allo­ Ivan Chigrinov, Viktor Kozko and cated annually for the city's health ser­ others who read their works, spoke of vice. Significant sums are also allo­ the development of Byelorussian lite­ cated for this purpose by factories and rature, which is known for its fine other enterprises which have their own books about the war and peaceful health centres. In 1976-1980 alone construction. several new hospitals were built in Books autographed by writers will Minsk with a total of 4,000 beds and be mementos of Byelorussia; beau­ out-patient clinics that accommodate

229

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 3,000 patients per shift. A baby food Medical science gives consider­ Among the physicians employed in The Minsk medical service con­ distribution centre, the largest in the able aid to medical practitioners. The the city's polyclinics and hospitals firmed its high standards during the republic, was built to prepare food for ten Minsk research institutes, the over 600 hold scientific degrees Con­ Games. The guests who needed all the city's infants. Medical Institute, and numerous insti­ stant contact with patients helps medical aid were treated at Out­ According to the statistics, infant tutions of the National Academy of their research and, conversely, their patient Clinic No. 19, which received mortality in Minsk is one of the lowest Sciences study various aspects of expertise helps raise the standard of new equipment on the eve of the of all the cities of the USSR and the life health care. Byelorussian researchers medical aid. Games. expectancy is among the longest. A have contributed to cancer study, Many Minsk medical scientists The republic's preventive medical high birth rate has been maintained for neurosurgical, urological, and pediat­ study the medical aspect of physical check-up centre opened a branch at many years. ric research. The well-equipped Minsk culture and sports. "Rehabilitation and the Staiki Olympic Camp. The The USSR's first automated system kidney transplantation centre main­ Extension of Athletic Capacity", researchers conducted in-depth clinic­ for on-line monitoring of children's tains close contacts with its counter­ "Overstrain of the Cardiovascular Sys­ al studies and helped the players to re­ health during the first year of life was parts in Moscow, Vilnius and Berlin tem", "Prophylaxis of Injuries in store their strength after the matches. commissioned in Minsk in 1979. It fol­ (the GDR). Hundreds of success­ Sports" are the topics of some of the The players also received some forms lows infant health in all parts of the ful operations have been perform­ papers read to a scientific conference of sanatorium treatment there. republic and reports its results daily to ed. on the eve of the Games. The confer­ Similar branches were also the Byelorussian Ministry of Public The researchers in the Cardiology ence was sponsored by the republic's opened at the training sites. The Health. Not only does it assess the Institute have developed many instru­ Society on Medical Monitoring and republican check-up centre in the situation in each district, but also fore­ ments forthe early diagnosis of cardio­ Physiotherapy. Its recommendations Dynamo Stadium had expanded sig­ casts possible changes for the follow­ vascular diseases such as a remote- were sent to all physiotherapy dispen­ nificantly by the beginning of the ing week or month, with allowances for control monitor of post-infarction or saries, available in all Byelorussian tournament. Acupuncture, psycho­ the many outside factors which may stroke patients. They are also estab­ towns. therapy, traumatology and other sec­ influence children's health. lishing cardiovascular disease preven­ tions were added. tion centres in factories.

230 231

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Sports

zmmmrn

Tu ,7É WW

•

zzjjlz —• -r-. M - §

Jmè x tlXdfÌ0Ìifyl i't ^ ^r%. a* $ . ,.r ..• i ••r- 4

Jl IW /v| Jtç

Within the next five years, there Dynamo Stadium The rapid growth of culture and USSR Olympic team. At the next Tamara Lazakovitch also became education provided for harmonious were eight stadiums. At present Minsk Games their number grew to eight, one Olympic gold medallists. development of the individual. boasts such well-known venues as of whom won a silver medal. The At the 1976 Olympics in Montreal In the last 60 years physical educa­ Dynamo Stadium, the Palace of Byelorussian Republic fielded ten ath­ athletes representing Byelorussia on tion and sport in the Byelorussian Aquatic Sports, the Stalk! Olympic letes at the Olympic Games in Rome, the USSR team won seven gold, five Soviet Socialist Republic made tre­ Camp, an indoor track in Ratomka, a each finishing among the top six, with silver and five bronze medals. mendous advances. Before the Revo­ shooting range (named after Marshal four winning Olympic gold medals. A The Byelorussian team was fairly lution, Byelorussia had no more than a S. Timoshenko), an indoor ice stadium, few silver and bronze medals were successful at the Seventh USSR Sum­ few hundred sport enthusiasts and an a track-and-field stadium, an Olympic won. At the next Games in Tokyo ten mer Spartakiade (USSR National insignificant number of sports facilities centre of winter sports in Raubichi, etc. athletes from Minsk and other Byelo­ Games), where 41 Byelorussian ath­ and instructors. Now the number of Today the city has a total of 2,200 dif­ russian cities were on the USSR Olym­ letes became champions, with the sportsmen has reached three million, ferent kinds of sports facilities, includ­ pic team, and again they won gold, sil­ Byelorussian team placing fourth In organised in 11,000 groups and sports ing 310gyms, 21 swimming pools, near­ ver and bronze medals. Four years the overall team scoring. clubs. ly a thousand volleyball and basketball later in Mexico City the Byelorussian At the 1980 Moscow Olympics These figures are doubly impres­ courts, 40 tennis courts, 150 shooting Republic was represented by ^ath­ Byelorussia was represented by sive, because twice in its history the ranges, 175 ski centres, and about letes who won 11 medals, including six 43 athletes competing in 16 events. country began from scratch—the first 200 ice-hockey rinks. In recent years gold. They won 15 gold, 10 silver and time after the Great October Socialist the network of sports and recreation At the Munich Olympics 24 Byelo­ 9 bronze medals. This Is the best result Revolution and the second time after centres, camps for hunting and game russian athletes bagged 19 medals, in­ Byelorussian athletes have overturned World War I!. In July 1944 a govern­ shooting, fishing, tourism, etc., has cluding 11 gold and 6 silver. There Ale­ in In Olympic competition. mental commission found that of broadened appreciably. xander Medved, the famous wrestler Vladimir Parfenovich, a 21-year-old Minsk's sports facilities none were About 15 traditional memorial com­ from Minsk, won his third consecutive kayakist from Minsk, mounted the win­ suitable for use. Entirely new sports petitions are held annually in honour of Olympic championship. Gymnast Olga ner's rostrum three times; he had cap­ facilities had to be built. With the assis­ heroes of the past war, and athletes Korbut reigned supreme. Byelorussian tivated the audience not only by his tance and support of the Central Com­ compete for memorial trophies in fencers turned in an outstanding per­ remarkable sportsmanship but also by mittee of the Communist Party and the about 450 various contests. formance. Yelena Belova became two- his indomitable will to win. Nelli Kim, Government of Byelorussia, Young Byelorussian sport enjoys ever­ times Olympic champion, and Viktor the famous gymnast, brought back to Communist League, trade unions and growing popularity in the international Sidyak and Tatyana Samusenko won a Minsk two gold medals, as did swim­ the public at large it took only a year to arena. Athletes from Byelorussia made gold medal each. Hoopster Ivan mer Sergei Koplyakov, who set a new build three stadiums, 35 football their first appearance at the 1952 Hel­ Yedeshko, rower Nikolai Gorbachyov, European record in the 200 m sinki Olympics. At that time seven ath­ pitches, and indoor swimming pool, and gymnasts Antonina Koshel and freestyle. and 56 gyms. letes represented Byelorussia on the 233 232

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T^fr pr^iripp

iiliBiillBt I r « wmk

' , :--

4- I

Staiki—the Olympic Village for the participants of the football tournament

Weightlifter Leonid Taranenko stole The Palace of Water Sports the limelight at the Olympic weightlift- ing tournament. The 24-year student The Olympic flame in from Minsk who is majoring in agricul- Byelorussia turai engineering, excelled in all lifts in his weight class and added two world records in the jerk and snatch and in the total to his overall victory on the platform. Other Olympic champions included fencers Nikolai Alyokhin and Viktor Sidyak (who won his fourth Olympic gold medal), Oleg Logvin (cycling), Alexander Portnov (diving), Tatyana Ivinskaya (basketball), Viktor Ugryu- mov (equestrian sports) and Yelena Khloptseva (rowing). The successful performance turned in by the Byelorussian athletes at the Olympic Games is attributed to the popular sports movement and rapid development of all sports and games throughout the republic. The expan­ sion and modernization of sports facilities in recent years, which pre­ sently include first-rate sports install­ ations suitable for most Olympic sports, have also contributed largely to that success. The Byelorussian capital has gained a high, richly deserved reputa­ tion as a skillful organiser of big-time

234 235

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hiiii Olga Korbut

Tarazevich, Chairman of Minsk City Lord Killanin, FIFA president Joao international meets. The city has host­ these grounds serve as battlefields for Soviet's Executive Committee, lighted Havelange, officials, guests of honour, ed world championships in wrestling, hotly contested matches, close bas­ the Olympic bowl and heartily wel­ and members of diplomatic corps who biathlon, women's volleyball, junior ketball and volleyball games, and in comed the Olympic flame in the capital visited Minsk gave a high assessment fencing and biathlon world champion­ winter they are turned into ice-hockey of Byelorussia. to the organisation of the Olympic ships, European gymnastic champion­ rinks where the puck is smacked back On July 20 the Olympic flame tournament. ships, a USSR-USA track-and-field and forth late into the night. These found its way to Dynamo Stadium The people of Minsk did everything meet, international boxing, weightlift- grounds have become a starting point where the Olympic football tournament to ensure the successful running of the ing, fencing, freestyle wrestling, athlet­ from which many promising boys and opening ceremony was held. Olympic tournament and to provide the ics, shooting tournaments, etc. girls go to train in 72 special sport- On behalf of the Organising Com­ best possible conditions for its partici­ The residents of Minsk spared no oriented schools. The school courses mittee of the Byelorussian Republic, pants. effort to spread the popular sports cover virtually all sports and games. A Vladimir Mitskevich, Deputy Chairman movement throughout the country. sport-oriented boarding school has of the Byelorussian Council of Minis­ Over 400,000 people work out in been opened in Minsk for talented ters, wished the participants good luck 620 sports groups organised at enter­ boys and girls coming from all parts of and a pleasant stay in Minsk. The con­ prises, construction sites, institutions, Byelorussia. Here over 500 youngsters testants and the spectators were schools and colleges. They train under study and specialise in the chosen greeted by Mr. Y. Tessema of Ethiopia, the guidance of 2,500 paid coaches sport. Tuition and board of children IOC member, president of African and instructors assisted by 56,000 vo­ at this school, like in all other sport Football Confederation. lunteer coaches workirrg on a non­ clubs and sections of sports societies, Alexander Medved, the three-times profit basis, and 20,000 instructors are free. Olympic champion, climbed up to the supervising the popular Prepared for Thousands of sports enthusiasts bowl and lighted the Olympic flame. Labour and Defence movement. helped reconstruct Dynamo Stadium, The city of Minsk wholeheartedly The qualified coaching helped im­ planted greenery, cleaned streets and hosted the participants of the Olympic prove results. Within only one year squares, redecorated the interiors of football tournament, guests and tour­ (1979) 31 athletes qualified as Master shops and cafeterias, and worked with ists. At Dynamo Stadium an enthusias­ of Sport, international class; 185 made designers to give the city a new festive tic crowd enjoyed and appreciated the grade as Master of Sport of the look. Each of them believed in the suc­ the skill of players from seven USSR and 527 as a Master Candidate, cess of the Olympics and considered it countries—Algiers, Costa Rica, about 3,000 athletes qualified for first a great honour to make a personal Iraq, Spain, Syria, Finland, and grading, and over 150,000 for various contribution to the Olympic movement, Yugoslavia. Seven matches (six pre­ other gradings. to serve as hospitable and gracious liminaries and one quarter-final) were Paramount importance has been hosts so as to leave the city's guests played from the 20th to 27th of July. attached to physical education of the with the pleasantest of memories. younger generation. Boys and girls ...July 19, 1980. The "Byelorussia" representing all school classes partici­ train rolls up to the railway station. A pate in annual school competitions. smaller urn with the Olympic flame is Tens of thousands compete within the taken from the special coach to the framework of the City Games, in the accompaniment of a band. The urn is traditional tournaments called Leather escorted by members of a municipal Ball, Golden Puck, Hockey Hopefuls, delegation. etc. Anatoly Yulin, a Merited Master of Apart from school gyms and sta­ Sport of the USSR, and participant of diums, hundreds of sports grounds 1952 and 1956 Olympic Games was the have been built right in residential first to begin the Olympic torch relay in areas to develop mass-scale involve­ Minsk. Thousands flooded the streets ment of youngsters in sport. In summer to cheer the Olympic flame. Georgi 237 236

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library .

. . mm

'

.

Printed in the USSR

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library . •

•

•

'

•

•

,

•

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library SjPa

I ^ - — —- " |H

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library m

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library