SOME GUIDELINES for Amalieuir Ilocal HISTORY RESEARCHERS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SOME GUIDELINES for Amalieuir Ilocal HISTORY RESEARCHERS LOCAL STUDIES: SOME GUIDELINES FOR AMA liEUIR ILOCAl HISTORY RESEARCHERS As County Librarian I am asked from time to time about Poor Law Unions approaches to local studies projects. Such requests are generated by people who have a special" interest in a Under the Irish Poor Law Act (1838) the country was locality, but who may not be faminar with either the divided up into 159 districts which were defined as Poor methodology of undertaking the task, or with source Law Unions. They were set up in an effort to relieve material available for their special study. This article is some of the abject poverty rife in Ireland at the time. intended to help "would-be" students of local history Workhouses were erected at central places in each of towards achieving a worthwhile compilation, and in so the Unions. Th Old Roscommon Workhouse is doing will discuss problems which may arise in the incorporated into the present Sacred Heart Home, and course of such an undertaking. remains one of the better preserved examples in the There are three critical aspects to be examined: country. Tax on property provided the financial basis for these are the definition of relief, and it was for this purpose that Griffith's Valuation was commissioned. Unions were subdivided 1. Place 2. Time 3. Theme into electoral divisions, which returned elected representatives to serve on the Board of Guardians. Taking "Place" as our first topic seems straight forward Parishes: enough. Most people are interested in a specific location for their special study. Yet we can encounter problems These were the smallest and most numerous unit in the when making decisions as to precise definition of place, administrative structure of the Catholic Church in Ireland. i.e. a place for which we are going to be able to find the Parishes were associated with the monastic and critical facts essential to complete our study. Let me episcopal church organisations and are obviously very explain by first of all defining the various territorial units, old divisions. The Anglo-Normans were familiar with the on which we might consider basing a local study. old parochial system, and made few alterations when they took over. The old divisions adopted by the Barony: Established Church were used as civil territorial divisions in the land surveys of the 17th. century. The absence of The Barony was introduced as a unit of land ownership, a strong Protestant presence in the greater part of the and may have consisted of several ''tuatha'', which were country meant that the old parish centre became land divisions held by Irish septs. New divisions devised neglected, and failed to attract settlement. by the English were often based on existing (old) It is interesting to look at the discrepancies between divisions. There were in total 273 Baronies in Ireland, the the Civil and Catholic parishes and to consider how Roscommon ones being: these arose. From the Reformation onwards, the two major religious communities in Ireland had separate Ballintubber (North and South) Boyle parish structures. The older parishes dating to medieval Ballymoe (Half Barony) Castlerea times and earlier were adopted by the Protestant Church. The Catholic Church, on the other hand served Roscommon Athlone (North and South) an impoverished people and, due to the Reformation, Moycarn (Half Barony.) had lost its great resources of land and wealth. The crushing poverty of the population, and the difficulty in From the sixteenth century onwards the Barony finding suitable priests, ensured that the new parishes was widely used as an administrative, taxation and were much greater in size. Population growth in the 18th. regional unit. Its use as a convenient division of the century led to the subdivision of large units. Therefore, County continued throughout the 17th Century.The three the evolution of the present day parish network of the great state ledgers, The Civil Survey, The Down Catholic Church has to be seen in terms of population Survey and The Books of Survey and Distribution growth, and had little to do with the pre-reformation mark out land ownership and changes in land ownership parish system. at this time. During the 18th. century, County rates were paid on a Barony basis, as levied by the Grand Jury. The Townland: barony was used as a census enumeration unit up until 1901 and Griffith's Valuation (1852) was both This was the smallest administrative division in the organised and published by barony.. The Local country, its main purpose being to distinguish between Government Act, 1898 brought an·end to the barony as different locations. It pinpoints the location of farms and a meaningful territorial division, with the re-organisation settlements. All other territorial divisions are composed of .LocalGovernment. of collections of townlands. The townland became the basic division of the countryside in the 17th century. The 115 association of the townland with landownership may date are chosen. This involves examining these themes from this period only. It is possible that the earli~r at significant points, historically speaking, and townland names referred to settlement rather than farms: defining them in relation to the major source Sir William Petty divided Baronies and parishes into bodies. townlands in the Down Survey. The name of townlands, their area, owners, land quality and settlement were Once the problems of place, time and theme have been recorded in the earlier Civil Survey, 1654-6. From this sorted out, it is time to have a look at source material, period onwards land was let by landlords on a townland and to try and put together an initial.list of secondary and basis, and townlands were recorded in a great variety of primary source materials. These lists or bibliographies documentation concerning land. In the 19th century the will not, of course, be exhaustive at this stage, but they townland was used in a number of surveys. The rental of will offer a starting point. By its nature one source leads estates was organised on a townland basis. to another, and by degrees a whole body of references Townlands were not created in a haphazard fashion can be compiled. and their shapes and sizes are related to local The local studies source material available in the topography and farming practices. Townland size is a County Library is comprised of several different reflection of land quality and density of settlement. Large elements: printed books, journal abstracts, local area townlands are usually found in hilly areas or boglands, files, newspapers on microfilm, photographs, prints, where there is no arable land. The irregular 'shapes of maps, some MSS. materials etc. The main collection is early townlands are due to the utilisation of rivers and hill held at the Library H.Q., in Roscommon town. It is crests as boundaries. advisable to telephone in advance 6f a visit, so that staff can assemble references of interest. Anyone In considering "place" we come up against the undertaking a local area study can be assured of a problems outlined above. The most socially significant welcome, and a guarantee that every effort will be made territorial unit is the Catholic parish, but as demonstrated to accommodate him/her in the pursuit of information. it is neither a mapping nor a census unit. A study of a The library H.Q. telephone number is (0903) 26100, Ext. Catholic parish will therefore lack precision in relation to 182, for advance notice of visit. Those who wish a less these two vital areas. Townland data will be available, but formal approach are free to visit at opening hours from then the problem arises of matching that data to the Tuesday to Saturday inclusive, as desired. All will be parish area. On the other hand the·Civil Parish has little welcome. social recognition, although it forms the basis for the by Helen Kilcline collection of' Census data, and is a recognised O.S. division. The barony may sometimes offer the best solution, as an area for a local study. VISIT To consider the problem of Time, this is interconnected with place and theme. Broad studies which attempt too wide a coverage of a time span may be too general to be of great benefit, unless the "place" element is very confined. Smaller areas than a barony could warrant a profitable study over a longer period. I have heard it 1kate's suggested that a time span of 300 years or less in the case of a study on the scale of a barony or county is probably the maximum sustainable. These problems need to be considered in relation to source materials <!&Ibe1!itcben available, and occasionally excellent primary source material may emerge from an unex~ected source, in which case a different decision can be made. Elphin, CO. Roscommon. ~ THEME: To consider the problem of theme, t~e selection of a "Home is where particular theme or group of themes can avoid the problem of producing a mere reference list of events and the Hearth is" places. The idea is to consider dealing with limited topics within a confined area. There are two approaches which may be taken here:- (a) the vertical or (b) the cross-section approach. (a) In the case of the vertical theme one particular feature is taken and examined through time. (b) In the cross-section method a number of themes 116.
Recommended publications
  • Ballinleenty Townland, Co. Tipperary
    Ballinleenty Townland, Co. Tipperary Search for a townland, subtownland, civil parish, barony or countySearch Co. Tipperary → Clanwilliam → Clonpet Civil Parish → Tipperary Rural Electoral Division → Ballinleenty Ballinleenty is in the Electoral Division of Tipperary Rural, in Civil Parish of Clonpet, in the Barony of Clanwilliam, in the County of Tipperary The Irish name for Ballinleenty is Baile an Líontaigh (Translation seems to suggest it is filled in land as the word Líontaigh is related to the one for a fishing net etc. and suggests the filling in was done in stages aka the mesh on a fishing net!!) This is my own rough translation – not knowing the area at all. (Dick) Ballinleenty is on Logainm.ie: Ballinleenty. Map It is located at 52° 27' 6" N, 8° 12' 22" W. In the first map here you can see the actual shape of the townland close-up. The second map shows its proximity to Tipperary Town Leaflet | Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors Area Ballinleenty has an area of: 1,513,049 m² / 151.30 hectares / 1.5130 km² 0.58 square miles 373.88 acres / 373 acres, 3 roods, 21 perches Nationwide, it is the 17764th largest townland that we know about Within Co. Tipperary, it is the 933rd largest townland Borders Ballinleenty borders the following other townlands: Ardavullane to the west Ardloman to the south Ballynahow to the west Breansha Beg to the east Clonpet to the east Gortagowlane to the north Killea to the south Lackantedane to the east Rathkea to the west Subtownlands We don't know about any subtownlands in Ballinleenty.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A16.8 Townland Boundaries to Be Crossed by the Proposed Project
    Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Volume 3 Part B of 6 Appendix A16.8 Townland Boundaries to be Crossed by the Proposed Project TB No.: 1 Townlands: Abbotstown/ Dunsink Parish: Castleknock Barony: Castleknock NGR: 309268, 238784 Description: This townland boundary is marked at the same location on all the OS map editions. It is formed by a road, which today have been truncated by the M50 to the south-east. The tarmac surface of the road is still present at this location, although overgrown. The road also separated the demesne associated with Abbotstown House and Hillbrook (DL 1, DL 2). Reference: OS mapping, field inspection TB No.: 2 Townlands: Dunsink/ Sheephill Parish: Castleknock Barony: Castleknock NGR: 309327, 238835 Description: This townland boundary is marked at the same location on all the OS map editions. It is formed by a road, which today have been truncated by the M50 to the south-east. The tarmac surface of the road is still present at this location, although overgrown. The road also separated the demesne associated with Abbotstown House (within the townland of Sheephill) and Hillbrook (DL 1, DL 2). The remains of a stone demesne wall associated with Abbotstown are located along the northern side of the road (UBH 2). Reference: OS mapping, field inspection 32102902/EIAR/3B Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Volume 3 Part B of 6 TB No.: 3 Townlands: Sheephill/ Dunsink Parish: Castleknock Barony: Castleknock NGR: 310153, 239339 Description: This townland boundary is marked at the same location on all the OS map editions. It is formed by a road, which today have been truncated by the M50 to the south.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burghs of Ayrshire
    8 9 The Burghs of Ayrshire Apart from the Stewarts, who flourished in the genealogical as well as material sense, these early families died out quickly, their lands and offices being carried over by heiresses to their husbands' GEOEGE S. PEYDE, M.A., Ph.D. lines. The de Morville possessions came, by way of Alan Professor of Scottish History, Glasgow University FitzEoland of Galloway, to be divided between Balliols, Comyns and de la Zouches ; while the lordship was claimed in thirds by THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND absentees,® the actual lands were in the hands of many small proprietors. The Steward, overlord of Kyle-stewart, was regarded Apart from their purely local interest, the Ayrshire burghs as a Renfrewshire baron. Thus Robert de Bruce, father of the may be studied with profit for their national or " institutional " future king and Earl of Carrick by marriage, has been called the significance, i The general course of burghal development in only Ayrshire noble alive in 1290.' Scotland shows that the terms " royal burgh" (1401) and " burgh-in-barony " (1450) are of late occurrence and represent a form of differentiation that was wholly absent in earlier times. ^ PRBSTWICK Economic privileges—extending even to the grant of trade- monopoly areas—were for long conferred freely and indifferently The oldest burgh in the shire is Prestwick, which is mentioned upon burghs holding from king, bishop, abbot, earl or baron. as burgo meo in Walter FitzAlan's charter, dated 1165-73, to the Discrimination between classes of burghs began to take shape in abbey of Paisley. * It was, therefore, like Renfrew, a baronial the second half of the fourteeth century, after the summoning of burgh, dependent upon the Steward of Scotland ; unlike Renfrew, burgesses to Parliament (in the years 1357-66 or possibly earlier) * however, it did not, on the elevation of the Stewarts to the throne, and the grant to the " free burghs " of special rights in foreign improve in status and it never (to use the later term) became a trade (1364).* Between 1450 and 1560 some 88 charter-grant.? royal burgh.
    [Show full text]
  • County Londonderry - Official Townlands: Administrative Divisions [Sorted by Townland]
    County Londonderry - Official Townlands: Administrative Divisions [Sorted by Townland] Record O.S. Sheet Townland Civil Parish Barony Poor Law Union/ Dispensary /Local District Electoral Division [DED] 1911 D.E.D after c.1921 No. No. Superintendent Registrar's District Registrar's District 1 11, 18 Aghadowey Aghadowey Coleraine Coleraine Aghadowey Aghadowey Aghadowey 2 42 Aghagaskin Magherafelt Loughinsholin Magherafelt Magherafelt Magherafelt Aghagaskin 3 17 Aghansillagh Balteagh Keenaght Limavady Limavady Lislane Lislane 4 22, 23, 28, 29 Alla Lower Cumber Upper Tirkeeran Londonderry Claudy Claudy Claudy 5 22, 28 Alla Upper Cumber Upper Tirkeeran Londonderry Claudy Claudy Claudy 6 28, 29 Altaghoney Cumber Upper Tirkeeran Londonderry Claudy Ballymullins Ballymullins 7 17, 18 Altduff Errigal Coleraine Coleraine Garvagh Glenkeen Glenkeen 8 6 Altibrian Formoyle / Dunboe Coleraine Coleraine Articlave Downhill Downhill 9 6 Altikeeragh Dunboe Coleraine Coleraine Articlave Downhill Downhill 10 29, 30 Altinure Lower Learmount / Banagher Tirkeeran Londonderry Claudy Banagher Banagher 11 29, 30 Altinure Upper Learmount / Banagher Tirkeeran Londonderry Claudy Banagher Banagher 12 20 Altnagelvin Clondermot Tirkeeran Londonderry Waterside Rural [Glendermot Waterside Waterside until 1899] 13 41 Annagh and Moneysterlin Desertmartin Loughinsholin Magherafelt Magherafelt Desertmartin Desertmartin 14 42 Annaghmore Magherafelt Loughinsholin Magherafelt Bellaghy Castledawson Castledawson 15 48 Annahavil Arboe Loughinsholin Magherafelt Moneymore Moneyhaw
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Profiles: Landowners Help
    n the three decades since the Endangered Species Act became law, we've become more aware of the crucial role landowners play as stewards of our country's natural resources. According to Precious Heritage, a report by The Nature Conservancy and the Association for Biodiversity Information (now NatureServe), two-thirds of the species federally listed as endangered or threatened have habitat on private land. Most landowners are good stewards of the land. They're not just reaping the benefits of the land; they also care about the land itself. The purpose of this brochure is to introduce some of the landowners who are using two innovative conservation tools: Safe Harbor Agreements and Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances. Although these tools only came into use within the last decade, and many landowners are not yet familiar with them, they already have demonstrated benefits for both landowners and imperiled species. A brief explanation of how these conservation tools work and how they can benefit landowners follows, but more can be learned about the agree- ments from the participating landowners themselves, a few of whom are profiled in this document. These pages introduce only a tiny segment of the diverse group of landowners currently participating in these programs. Texas rancher Bob Long (at right) They range from residential landowners who own only an acre to large lent a helping hand to the endangered Houston toad under a Safe Harbor Agreement. Photograph courtesy of Jenny Lord, USFWS corporations with thousands of acres. They include private forest Since successfully restoring ponds on his owners, ranchers, and golf course operators.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore John Barry
    Commodore John Barry Day, 13th September Commodore John Barry (1745-1803) a native of County Wexford, Ireland was a Continental Navy hero of the American War for Independence. Barry’s many victories at sea during the Revolution were important to the morale of the Patriots as well as to the successful prosecution of the War. When the First Congress, acting under the new Constitution of the United States, authorized the raising and construction of the United States Navy, President George Washington turned to Barry to build and lead the nation’s new US Navy, the successor to the Continental Navy. On 22 February 1797, President Washington conferred upon Barry, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the rank of Captain with “Commission No. 1,” United States Navy, effective 7 June 1794. Barry supervised the construction of his own flagship, the USS UNITED STATES. As commander of the first United States naval squadron under the Constitution, which included the USS CONSTITUTION (“Old Ironsides”), Barry was a Commodore with the right to fly a broad pennant, which made him a flag officer. Commodore John Barry By Gilbert Stuart (1801) John Barry served as the senior officer of the United States Navy, with the title of “Commodore” (in official correspondence) under Presidents George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The ships built by Barry, and the captains selected, as well as the officers trained, by him, constituted the United States Navy that performed outstanding service in the “Quasi-War” with France, in battles with the Barbary Pirates and in America’s Second War for Independence (the War of 1812).
    [Show full text]
  • The Mewsletter1
    The Mewsletter1 February 2011 AS XLV Published on behalf of the shire of Falcon’s Keep and student members of Falcon’s Gate 2 In this issue: Cover Story Page 3 Are Pets Period? Page 4 From the Chronicler’s Quill Page 5 January Moot’s Minutes Page 6 Calendar Page 7 Menu for Haire Affaire Page 8– 9 February Moot Page 10 Officers of the Shire Page 11 Disclaimer This is The Mewsletter and it is published on behalf of the Shire of Falcon’s Keep and the student members of Falcon’s Gate, the Central WI chapter of the Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA). It is not a corporate publication of SCA, Inc. and does not delineate SCA policies. For official publications, contact SCA, Inc., Offices of the Registry, PO Box 36073, Milpitas, CA 95036-0743. Submissions are accepted until the 15th of the previous month, preferably as a Word document inserted into an email. Send to both the Chronicler and Deputy Chronicler. The last Thursday of the previous month is the mailing date. Submissions are the property of the contributor and may not be used without permission of the author or artist. Contact the Chronicler for further information. The Mewsletter is published monthly. It is available from Bart Forman, 620 N Ash Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449. This publication will be available on the Falcon’s Keep webpage at www.falconskeep.org. If you require a paper copy please contact the chronicler. If you wish to make a contribution to defray mailing costs, please give it to the Exchequer of Falcon’s Keep.
    [Show full text]
  • Ulster-Scots
    Ulster-Scots Biographies 2 Contents 1 Introduction The ‘founding fathers’ of the Ulster-Scots Sir Hugh Montgomery (1560-1636) 2 Sir James Hamilton (1559-1644) Major landowning families The Colvilles 3 The Stewarts The Blackwoods The Montgomerys Lady Elizabeth Montgomery 4 Hugh Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Sir James Montgomery of Rosemount Lady Jean Alexander/Montgomery William Montgomery of Rosemount Notable individuals and families Patrick Montgomery 5 The Shaws The Coopers James Traill David Boyd The Ross family Bishops and ministers Robert Blair 6 Robert Cunningham Robert Echlin James Hamilton Henry Leslie John Livingstone David McGill John MacLellan 7 Researching your Ulster-Scots roots www.northdowntourism.com www.visitstrangfordlough.co.uk This publication sets out biographies of some of the part. Anyone interested in researching their roots in 3 most prominent individuals in the early Ulster-Scots the region may refer to the short guide included at story of the Ards and north Down. It is not intended to section 7. The guide is also available to download at be a comprehensive record of all those who played a northdowntourism.com and visitstrangfordlough.co.uk Contents Montgomery A2 Estate boundaries McLellan Anderson approximate. Austin Dunlop Kyle Blackwood McDowell Kyle Kennedy Hamilton Wilson McMillin Hamilton Stevenson Murray Aicken A2 Belfast Road Adams Ross Pollock Hamilton Cunningham Nesbit Reynolds Stevenson Stennors Allen Harper Bayly Kennedy HAMILTON Hamilton WatsonBangor to A21 Boyd Montgomery Frazer Gibson Moore Cunningham
    [Show full text]
  • The CONSTITUTIONS of CALIFORNIA and the UNITED STATES with Related Documents
    The CONSTITUTIONS of CALIFORNIA and THE UNITED STATES with Related Documents 2017–18 Edition Cover: Spring Flowers (Poppies and Lupine, Goleta Point), n.d. John Marshall Gamble Crocker Art Museum, Melza and Ted Barr Collection, 2008.102 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, 1879 As Last Amended November 8, 2016 and Related Documents 2017–18 CALIFORNIA STATE LEGISLATURE LT. GOVERNOR GAVIN NEWSOM HON. ANTHONY RENDON President of the Senate Speaker of the Assembly HON. KEVIN DE LEÓN HON. KEVIN MULLIN President pro Tempore of the Senate Speaker pro Tempore JEAN FULLER HON. CHAD MAYES Minority Floor Leader Republican Leader DANIEL ALVAREZ E. DOTSON WILSON Secretary of the Senate Chief Clerk of the Assembly THE STATE FLAG The Bear Flag was designated California’s State Flag by legislative enactment in 1911. It is patterned after the historic flag flown at Sonoma on June 14, 1846, by a group of American settlers in revolt against Mexican rule in California. This short-lived revolution ended on July 9, 1846. The general design and details of the Bear Flag are set forth in Section 420 of the Government Code. FOREWORD The California Legislature is privileged to present this compilation of historic documents. Taken together, these compacts, treaties, and charters embody the ongoing evolution of our core principles of representative democracy. It is important to note that our state Constitution is a living document. It has been amended over 500 times since its adoption in 1879. Some recent amendments have included a change to California’s Term Limits law through the passage of Proposition 28 (2012), the California Legislature Transparency Act enacted by Proposition 54 (2016) enhances public access to the legislative process, and with the adoption of Proposition 25 (2010), the vote threshold to pass the state budget is now a majority vote.
    [Show full text]
  • Caher Macnaghten in the Barony of Burren, County Clare, Western Eire
    CAHER MACNAGHTEN IN THE BARONY OF BURREN, COUNTY CLARE, WESTERN EIRE By James Macnaughton A “Caher”(Cathair, Cashel) is an ancient stone-built Ring Fort of which there are around 40,000 examples scattered throughout Ireland, but mainly in the North and West. They were built during the Iron Age (800BC – 400AD) and served as protective forts for a small community and its livestock during “hit and run” raids by cattle thieves – like the Scottish Brochs. The more elaborate the walls and banks, the higher the status of the occupants, and some had links with nobility or Kingship. They were also used as a home for a freeman and his family – possibly for industrial purposes – for example pottery trading. Caher Macnaghten, two miles from Noughavel, is reasonably well preserved, having been constructed from big limestone blocks. It has immensely thick walls – 10 feet wide and stands 20 feet tall. Not far away is Mullaghmore, a mountain used for ritual purposes where everyone gathered to celebrate Lammas, Hallowe’en, St. Brigid’s Day and Mayday (Lughnasa, Samhain, Imbolc and Bealtaine). So far, so interesting, but the fascinating factor is the name of this particular Ring Fort in the Burren – Caher Macnaghten. We are familiar with the Macnaghtens of County 1 Antrim – our present Clan Chief, Sir Malcolm F. Macnaghten is of that ilk – who went over from the Mull of Kintyre around 1580 with Shane Dubh, but not only is the Burren in County Clare in Eire a long way to the South West of Antrim, but Caher Macnaghten was built between 800BC and 400AD, a
    [Show full text]
  • Viscount Frankfort, Sir Charles Burton and County Carlow in the 1840S
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Norton, Desmond A. G. Working Paper Viscount Frankfort, Sir Charles Burton and county Carlow in the 1840s Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. WP01/20 Provided in Cooperation with: UCD School of Economics, University College Dublin (UCD) Suggested Citation: Norton, Desmond A. G. (2001) : Viscount Frankfort, Sir Charles Burton and county Carlow in the 1840s, Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. WP01/20, University College Dublin, Department of Economics, Dublin, http://hdl.handle.net/10197/1280 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/72434 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an
    [Show full text]
  • Language Notes on Baronies of Ireland 1821-1891
    Database of Irish Historical Statistics - Language Notes 1 Language Notes on Language (Barony) From the census of 1851 onwards information was sought on those who spoke Irish only and those bi-lingual. However the presentation of language data changes from one census to the next between 1851 and 1871 but thereafter remains the same (1871-1891). Spatial Unit Table Name Barony lang51_bar Barony lang61_bar Barony lang71_91_bar County lang01_11_cou Barony geog_id (spatial code book) County county_id (spatial code book) Notes on Baronies of Ireland 1821-1891 Baronies are sub-division of counties their administrative boundaries being fixed by the Act 6 Geo. IV., c 99. Their origins pre-date this act, they were used in the assessments of local taxation under the Grand Juries. Over time many were split into smaller units and a few were amalgamated. Townlands and parishes - smaller units - were detached from one barony and allocated to an adjoining one at vaious intervals. This the size of many baronines changed, albiet not substantially. Furthermore, reclamation of sea and loughs expanded the land mass of Ireland, consequently between 1851 and 1861 Ireland increased its size by 9,433 acres. The census Commissioners used Barony units for organising the census data from 1821 to 1891. These notes are to guide the user through these changes. From the census of 1871 to 1891 the number of subjects enumerated at this level decreased In addition, city and large town data are also included in many of the barony tables. These are : The list of cities and towns is a follows: Dublin City Kilkenny City Drogheda Town* Cork City Limerick City Waterford City Database of Irish Historical Statistics - Language Notes 2 Belfast Town/City (Co.
    [Show full text]