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Nuclear Power Plant Unit Olkiluoto 3

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Nuclear Power Plant Unit Olkiluoto 3 Nuclear Power Plant Unit Olkiluoto 3 Contents TVO – a pioneer in its own field 3 Olkiluoto 3 4 One unit, many buildings 9 n PRIMARY CIRCUIT 13 Reactor pressure vessel and internal structures 15 Reactor core and fuel 17 Reactor operation and control 23 Primary coolant circuit 25 n SECONDARY CIRCUIT 31 Turbines and generator 33 Condenser 37 n SEA WATER COOLING SYSTEMS 39 n NUCLEAR SAFETY 41 n WATER CHEMISTRY AND VOLUME CONTROL SYSTEMS 47 n INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 49 n ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 51 n WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEMS 53 n TRAINING SIMULATOR 57 Technical data 58 The reactor pressure vessel was lifted into the reactor pit in June 2010. Olkiluoto 3 1 2 Olkiluoto 3 TVO – a pioneer in its own field Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO) is a non-listed public High in international ranking company founded in 1969 to produce electricity for its TVO’s nuclear expertise is clearly evident by the high ca- stakeholders at cost price. TVO is the developer, owner pacity factors of the Olkiluoto plant units. The capacity and operator of the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant. factors of OL1 and OL2 have varied between 93% and The production of the nuclear power plant units in 98% since the early 1990s, ranking among the very top by Olkiluoto (OL1 and OL2) covers about one sixth of the international comparison. total electricity consumption in Finland. Half of this elec- The high capacity factors indicate reliability of opera- tricity goes to the industry, the other half is consumed by tion, among other things. private households, service sector and agriculture. The results achieved are based on meticulous and Because of the need for increase in both self-sufficien- proactive planning of annual outages and modifications. cy and additional capacity of electricity production, TVO The radiation exposure doses of the personnel, which is currently building a third power plant unit, Olkiluoto 3 have been consistently low at the Olkiluoto power (OL3). With the electrical output of approximately 1,600 plant, have also yielded good results in international MWe, OL3 will almost double the production capacity of comparison. the Olkiluoto power plant. In summer 2010 the Finnish Parliament granted TVO permission to build a fourth TVO’s operating philosophy unit; Olkiluoto 4 (OL4). As a nuclear power company, TVO is committed to a high level safety culture, which creates the comprehen- Solid nuclear expertise sive basis for all activities. According to the principles of TVO employs a staff of about 800, many of them with the safety culture, issues are prioritised according to their solid experience in the operation and maintenance of a safety significance and a high degree of operability and nuclear power plant gained over several decades. This ex- reliability of production are the key objectives of opera- pertise is also utilised and further developed in the con- tion. Safety and factors affecting safety always take pri- struction of the OL3 and OL4 units. ority over financial considerations. The future vision of Throughout its existence, TVO has provided further TVO is to be an acknowledged Finnish nuclear power training to the employees and improved the competence company and a pioneer in its field. To achieve this goal, of the staff in nuclear technology. The company’s nuclear TVO acts responsibly, proactively and transparently, fol- expertise is being sustained by participating in interna- lowing the principles of continuous improvement in close tional development programmes. Also the upgrading cooperation with various interest groups. and modernisation projects as well as development and construction projects carried out at the existing Olkiluoto units develop the staff’s expertise. The modernisation projects implemented over the years have improved the safety as well as the production capacity and economy of the Olkiluoto power plant. Olkiluoto 3 3 Olkiluoto 3 Olkiluoto 3 (OL3) was decided to build for many reasons. components are Civaux 1 and 2 in France, which went The added capacity brought by OL3 not only meets the on stream in 1997 and 1999, respectively. AREVA NP increasing demand but also compensates for the decreas- also delivered the principal components to units which ing output of ageing power plants. Together with the use went on stream in Brazil (Angra 2) and China (Ling Ao 1 of renewable energy, the unit helps Finland to reach its and 2) in 2002. carbon dioxide emission targets, contributes to the sta- Siemens is one of the leading power plant suppliers in bility and predictability of electricity prices and reduces the world. The combined output of the power plants de- Finland’s dependence on imported electricity. livered by Siemens exceeds 600 GWe. It was on this basis that TVO submitted an applica- tion to the Government in November 2000 concerning a Technology based on solid practical experience Decision in Principle for the building of a new nuclear OL3 is an evolutionary unit compared with the current power plant unit. The Government adopted a Decision power plant units, meaning that its basic design is based in Principle, and Parliament ratified the Decision in on the proven technology of existing power plants. Its de- Principle on 24 May 2002. The Decision in Principle velopment was based on plants commissioned in France states that building the new nuclear power plant unit is in (N4) and Germany (Konvoi). the interest of society as a whole. Safety features in particular have been developed fur- After a call for tenders, in December 2003 TVO took ther. The unit was originally designed to allow for the the decision to invest in the construction of a power plant management of a severe reactor accident (cooling of core unit with a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) with an melt) and a large aircraft crash (double shell of the reac- output of approximately 1,600 MWe at Olkiluoto. The tor containment building). type of the unit is known as a European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR). The unit is being built on a turn- key basis by a consortium formed by AREVA NP and Siemens. AREVA NP is delivering the reactor plant, and Germany (Konvoi) Siemens is delivering the turbine plant. Neckarwestheim 2 1,269 MWe 1989 Experienced power plant suppliers Isar 2 1,400 MWe 1988 Emsland 1,290 MWe 1988 Both of the principal suppliers are leaders in their re- spective fields. AREVA NP has delivered the principal France (N4) components for a total of 100 light-water reactor units Chooz 1 1,450 MWe 1996 – 94 pressurized water reactors (PWR) and 6 boiling Chooz 2 1,450 MWe 1997 water reactors (BWR). The most recently commissioned Civaux 1 1,450 MWe 1997 PWR units for which AREVA NP supplied the principal Civaux 2 1,450 MWe 1999 4 Olkiluoto 3 Operating principle of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) A PWR plant has two circuits for heat transfer. Water is kept under high pressure by the pressurizer (1) and circulated by the reactor coolant pumps (2) in the primary circuit (3), which transfers the heat from the reactor (4) to the secondary circuit (5) in the steam generator (7). Reac- tor power is controlled by control rods (6). The pressure in the secondary circuit is much lower than in the primary circuit, which makes the water in the steam generator boil. The steam from the steam generator makes the turbine (8) rotate. The turbine rotates the coaxially mounted genera- tor (9), generating electricity for the national grid. The steam from the turbine is cooled back to water in the condenser (10) with sea water (11). Condensate water is fed back to the steam generator with feedwater pumps (12), and the warm sea water is pumped back into the sea. 60 years service life Compared with similar units recently commis- In addition to safety, the design of OL3 emphasizes econ- sioned in Europe, OL3 will have a reactor output about omy in particular. The efficiency rate of the new unit, for 1% greater and an electricity output about 10% greater. instance, is 37% – some four percentage points higher OL3 is being delivered as a turn-key project. TVO has than the original efficiency of OL1 and OL2. been responsible for site preparation and for the expan- The design is based on an expected service life of sion of the infrastructure at Olkiluoto. Site preparation 60 years for the largest structures and components and has involved earthmoving, excavation, road building, 30 years for the more easily replaceable structures and electrical power supply for the construction site and the components. Allowing in advance for such replacements building of the tunnels for the cooling water. The actual enables the unit to have an economic service life of at construction work that is the responsibility of the AREVA least 60 years. NP – Siemens consortium began in 2005. Multi-stage quality control and inspection are carried out by representatives of TVO, plant supplier, subcontractors, and authorities. Olkiluoto 3 5 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 1 15 16 2 16 1 17 1 1 3 1 17 2 18 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 18 3 19 3 2 2 3 15 2 1 3 2 19 4 20 4 3 3 4 1 26 3 2 4 3 20 5 21 5 4 4 5 2 37 4 3 5 4 6 21 22 6 5 5 6 3 48 5 4 6 5 7 22 23 7 6 6 7 4 59 6 5 7 6 8 23 24 8 7 7 8 5 610 7 6 8 7 1 9 24 25 8 9 9 8 6 7 8 7 9 8 11 2 10 25 26 9 10 10 9 7 8 9 8 10 9 12 3 26 11 27 10 11 10 8 9 10 9 111 1 10 13 4 11 27 12 28 121 11 9 10 11 10 122 2 14 11 5 12 11 28 13 29 1 31 132 12 10 12 1331 1 1 1115 12 11 6 13 30 12 29 14 1 2 42 143 13 11 13 1442 12 12 1216 13 12 7 15 14 13 30 2 1 31 3 1 14 53 154 14 12 13 1553 23 123 17 14 13 8 16 15 1 14 3 2 32 31 4 2 15 64 165 15 13 14 1664
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