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The Occurrence of <I>Anilocra Capensis</I> and <I>Nerocila

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The Occurrence of <I>Anilocra Capensis</I> and <I>Nerocila BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 70(1): 227–231, 2002 THE OCCURRENCE OF ANILOCRA CAPENSIS AND NEROCILA ARMATA (ISOPODA: CYMOTHOIDAE) IN THE CANARY ISLANDS WITH COMMENTS ON THEIR NOVEL HOSTS Dean H. Thorsen and Jean-Paul Trilles The Canary Archipelago, located off the northwestern coast of Africa, harbors two species of Cymothoidae isopods (Fig. 1). Thorsen et al. (2000) describes the unique oc- currence of Anilocra physodes on the island of Gran Canaria, situated in the center of the Archipelago. These isopods, infesting the Parrotfish (Sparisoma cretense), were collected from Arguineguin (4.5 km northwest of Pasito Blanco Reef, Gran Canaria), recently re- identified as Anilocra capensis (Leach, 1818) by one of us (J.P.T.) and deposited at the Florida Museum of Natural History (UF-148). The genus Anilocra Leach 1818 has been re-diagnosed particularly by Brusca (1981) and Bruce (1986). A. capensis is a well known species (for the synonymy and references see Trilles, 1994), quite similar to the species A. physodes (L., 1758) and Anilocra fronta- lis Milne Edwards, 1840, redescribed and distinguished by Trilles (1965). However, A. capensis is easily distinguishable from the two other species particularly during the fe- male stage. The anterior part of the cephalon is more prominent, acute, and the pleotelson more developed. The lateral side of the pereon is quite similar in A. frontalis and A. capensis, but clearly distinct in A. physodes, with several pereonites distinctly extended on the posterolateral margins. A. capensis is predominantly distributed throughout the Atlantic Ocean, from Portugal to South Africa (Setubal, Portugal; southwest of Spain, Andalousia; west coast of Africa, Guinea, Port Etienne, Cap Blanc, Mauritania, Sudan, Morocco, Cap Vert; South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, False Bay; Réunion (Trilles, 1994, for a general review). A. capensis was mentioned in the Canary Islands by Koelbel (1892; Las Palmas, Gran Canaria) and Stebbing (1900; Teneriffe), but the host was not identified. The present study confirms that the species inhabits the Canary Islands, in particular Gran Canaria and identifies its host (S. cretense). No collections to date have been made on the other islands, but that does not rule out the possibility of their presence. A. capensis has been found on fishes of the family Clupeidae (Sardina pilchardus), Sciaenidae (Umbrina ronchus), Serranidae (Morone punctata, Serranus canenier), and Sparidae (Rhabdosargus tricuspideus, Dentex macrophtalmus, D.canariensis, Cantharus lineatus [Trilles, 1994]). In the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria) Thorsen et al. (2000) ob- served A. capensis infesting Blenniidae (Ophioblennius atlanticus), Carangidae (Pseudocaranx dentex), Sparidae (Sarpa salpa and Spondyliosoma cantharus), and Synodontidae (Synodus synodus) all at relatively small frequencies (£1.93%) while its predominant host, S. cretense, was infested between 11.5–13.1%. The second Cymothoidae species found in the Canary Islands is Nerocila armata (Dana, 1853). Specimens of N. armata were collected in October of 2000 from Pasito Blanco reef, Gran Canaria (27∞43.473'N,15∞37.457'W), deposited at the Florida Museum of Natu- ral History (UF117500) and are shown in Figure 2. 227 228 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 70, NO. 1, 2002 Figure 1. Geography of the Canary Islands, located off the northwest coast of Africa. X = collection site of Anilocra capensis; Arguineguin, Gran Canaria. O = collection site of Nerocila armata; Pasito Blanco reef, Gran Canaria. The genus Nerocila has been rediagnosed by Bruce (1987). Among this genus, N. armata is easily recognised (Monod, 1931). During the adult female stage, the pointed posterolateral processes are visible on all pereonites, the last four very elongated; coxae of pereonites 1–2 are curved and with posterior margin acute; uropods are long. N. armata is similar to Nerocila orbignyi (Guerin-Meneville, 1832) (Monod, 1931; Bruce, 1987) but in this species, the pereonites 1–4 posterolateral angles are not produced, acute and uropods are typical (Trilles, 1975). N. armata is predominantly distributed throughout the tropical Atlantic Ocean, from the African coasts (Cameroon, Congo) to the South American coasts (Dana, 1853: Rio de Janeiro; Monod, 1931; Trilles, 1975: Guiana) (Trilles, 1994). N. armata was recorded doubtfully from the Canary Islands (Playa del Ingles, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria: Trilles, 1977; Bruce, 1987) but present collecting provides evidence that the species N. armata inhabit the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria). N. armata has been found to infest species of the family Anostomidae (Leporinus fasciatus), Auchenipteridae (Pseudauchenipterus nodosus), Carangidae (Hemicaranx marginatus), Cichlidae (Crenicichla saxatilis, Cichla ocellaris), Mugilidae (Mugil auratus), and Sciaenidae (Umbrina canosai and Micropogon furnieri) (Trilles, 1994); however, in the Canary Islands, the host(s) of the species are until now unknown. This study confirms the presence of N. armata specifically on Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, in the Canary Archipelago (Gran Canaria). N. armata shows a specificity for attachment at the anal, caudal, dorsal, and pectoral fins of H. cruentatus as is shown in Figure 3. The following examples of isopod infestation are interesting in that their distributions throughout the Archipelago and host specificity are both novel. There are many factors that may contribute to the specific distribution of each species. These include cleaner fish abundance (Thorsen et al., 2000), fish behavior, isopod dispersal, and human interven- tion which, all or singly may play an integral part in the observed occurrences. NOTES 229 Figure 2A. Specimens (dorsal view) of Nerocila armata collected from Gran Canaria in Oct. 2000: Adult female (23 mm); young female, molting (19 mm); young male (8mm). Figure 2B. Ventral view of Nerocila armata specimens. 230 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 70, NO. 1, 2002 Figure 3. Underwater photograph of Heteropriacanthus cruentatus from Gran Canaria, infested with Nerocila armata displaying its common attachment to the fins of these fish. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to S. Lensch for providing an underwater photograph and to J. L. Van Tassell for isopod specimens. Thank you to J. Albert for comments on the next. LITERATURE CITED Bruce, N. L. 1986. Australian pleopodias Richardson, 1910, and Anilocra Leach, 1818 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), Crustacean parasites of marine fishes. Records of the Australian Museum 39: 85–130. __________. 1987. Australian species of Nerocila Leach, 1818 and Creniola n. gen. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), Crustacean parasites of marine fishes. Records of the Australian Museum 39: 355–412. Brusca, R. C. 1981. A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 73(2): 117–199. Dana, J .D. 1853. Crustacea, Part II, Fam.I CYMOTHOIDAE. Pages 746–765 In United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., XIV. Koelbel, C. 1892. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Crustaceen der Canarischen Inseln. Annl. naturh. Mus. Wien VII(3): 105–116. Monod, T. 1931. Sur quelques crustacés aquatiques d’Afrique (Cameroun et Congo). Revue Zool. bot. Afr. 21(1): 1–36. Stebbing, T. R. R. 1900. South African Crustacea. Marine investigations in South Africa, Cape of Good Hope 1(1902): 14–67. NOTES 231 Thorsen, D. H., K. J. Mille, J. L. Van Tassell and J. G. Hajagos. 2000. Infestation of the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense (Scaridae), by the fish louse, Anilocra physodes (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), in the Canary Islands. Cybium 24(1): 45–59. Trilles, J.-P. 1965. Sur deux espéces d’Anilocres (Isopodes Cymothoidae) mal connues: Anilocra physodes (L.) et Anilocra frontalis (Milne Edwards). Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparée XL(5): 575–594. __________. 1975. Les Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera) des collections du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris.II. Les Anilocridae Schioedte et Meinert, 1881. Genre Anilocra Leach, 1818 et Nerocila Leach, 1818. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., 3ème série, 290(zool. 200): 303–346. __________. 1977. Les Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera; parasites de poissons) du Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Historie de Leiden. Mediterranée et Atlantique. Zool. Meded. Leiden 52(2): 7– 17. __________. 1994. Catalogue mondial des Cymothoidae. Stud. Mar. 21/22 (1-2) (1991): 5–288. DATE SUBMITTED: January 12, 2001. DATE ACCEPTED: August 10, 2001. ADDRESSES: (D.H.T.) Florida Museum of Natural History/ Department of Ichthyology, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800. E-mail: <[email protected]>. (J.P.T.) Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Invertébrés, Université de Montpellier 2, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, CP.092, Place E.Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. E-mail: <[email protected]>. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: (D.H.T).
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